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JONES COUNTY 



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CONTAINING 



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Biographical Sketches of Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers 

in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits 

of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the 

Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Jones 

County, Constitution of the United States, 

Miscellaneous Matters, &c., &c. 



IXlXiTJSTI^.A_TED. 



CHICAGO : 
WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 

1«79. 



{M22S 




<':U' 




CONTENTS. 



HISTORY NORTHWEST AXD STATE OF IOWA. 



Page. 

History Northwest Territory 19 

Geographical Position 19 

Early Explorations 20 

Discovery of the Ohio 32 

English Explorations and Set- 
tlements 34 

American Settlements 59 

Division of the Northwest Ter- 
ritory 65 

Tecumseh and the War of 1812 69 
Black Hawk and the Black 

Hawk War 73 

Other Indian Troubles 79 

Present Condition of the North- 
west 79 

Illinois 88 

Illinois 257 

Indiana 259 

Iowa.. 260 

Michigan 2b3 

Wisconsin 264 

Minnesota 266 

Nebraska 267 

History of Iowa : 

Geographical Situation 109 

Topography 109 

Drainage System 110 



Page. 
History ol Iowa : 

Kivers Ill 

Lakes 118 

Springs 119 

Prairies 120 

Geology 120 

Climatology 137 

Discovery and Occupation 139 

Territory 147 

Indians 147 

Pike's Expedition 151 

Indian Wars 152 

Black Hawk War 157 

Indian Purchase, Reserves and 

Treaties 159 

Spanish Grants 163 

Half-Breed Tract 164 

Early Settlements 166 

Territorial History 173 

Boundary Question 177 

State Organization 181 

Growth and Progress 185 

Agricultural College and Farm.186 

State University 187 

State Historical" Society 193 



Pa OB. 
History of Iowa: 

Penitentiaries 194 

Insane Hospitals 195 

College for the Blind 197 

Deaf and Dumb Institution 199 

Soldiers' Orphans' Homes 199 

State Normal School 201 

Asylum for Feeble Minded 

Children 201 

Reform School 202 

Fish Hatching Establishment. 2<i3 

Public Lands 204 

Public Schools 218 

Political Record 223 

War Record 229 

Infantry 233 

Cavalry 244 

Artillery 247 

Miscellaneous 248 

Promotions from Iowa Reg- 
iments 249 

Number Casualties — Officers.250 
Number Casualties — Enlist- 
ed Men 252 

Number Volunteers 254 

Population 255 

Agricultural Statistics 320 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE L.AWS. 



Page. 

Adoption of Children 303 

Bills of Exchange and Promissory 

Notes 293 

Commercial Terms 305 

Capital Punishment 298 { 

Charitable, Scientific and Religious 

Associations 316 

Descent 293 

Damages from Trespass 300 

Exemptions from Execution 298 

Estrays 299 

Forms : 

Articles of Agreement 3f7 

Bills of Sale 308 : 

Bond for Deed 315 . 

Bills of Purcha.se 306 i 



Page. 
Forms : 

Chattel Mortgage 314 

Confession of Judgment 306 

Lease 312 

Mortgages 310 

Notice to Quit 309 

Notes 306,313 

Orders 306 

Quit Claim Deed 315 I 

Receipts 306 

Wills and Codicils 309 i 

Warranty Deed 314 

Fences 300 

Interest 293 

Intoxicating Liquors 317 



Page. 

Jurisdiction of Courts 297 

Jurors 297 

Limitation of Actions 297 

Landlord and Tenant 304 

Married Women 298 

Marks and Brands 300 

Mechanics' Liens. 301 

Roads and Bridges 302 

Surveyors and Surveys 303 

Suggestions to Persons Purchasing 

Books by Subscription 319 

Support of Poor 303 

Taxes 295 

Wills and Estates 293 

Weights and Measures 305 

Wolf Scalps 300 



Page. 

Source of the Mississippi 22 

La Salle Landing on the Shore of 

Green Bay 24 

Buffalo Hunt 26 

Trapping 28 

Mouth of the Mississippi 31 

High Bridge 33 

Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain 42 



ILIiUt^TRATIOnrS. 

Page. 
Indians Attacking Frontiersmen.. 55 
Present Site Lake Street Bridge, 

Chicago, 1833 .58 

A Pioneer Dwelling 60 

Lake Bluff. 62 

Tecumseh, the Shawa:ioe Chieftain 68 

Indians Attacking a Stockade 71 

Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 74 



Page. 

Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 79 

Lincoln Monument 80 

A Pioneer School House 81 

Chicago in 1833 82 

Hunting: Prairie Wolves 85 

Kinzie House 87 

Starved Bock 89 

An Early Settlement 108 



Page. 

Map of Jones County Front. 

Constitution of United States 269 

Vote for President, Governor and 

Congressmen 283 

Practical Rules for Every-Day Use. .284 
United States Government Land 

Measure 287 



lIISVEL.L./%NKOi;!!i. 

Page. 

Surveyor's Measure 288 

How to Keep Accounts 288 

Interest Table 289 

Miscellaneous Ta'de 289 ! 

Names of the States of the Union I 
and their Significations 290 



Page. 

Population of the United States 291 

Population of Fifty Principal Cities 
of the United States 291 

Population and Area of the United 
States 291 

Population of the Principal Coun- 
tries in the Worid 282 



IV 



CONTENTS. 



HISTORY OF JOXKS t'OUXTY. 



Pack. 

Geology 323 

County Organization 326 

Election Precincts 328 

Township Organization 329 

Thp First Court 331 

Commissioners' Acts 331 

County Seat Questions 332 

The County Jail 3J5 

County and Legislative Officers 335 

Legislative Representation 338 

Railroils 341 

County Finances 34« 

.Statistics — Social and Agricultural.34T 

Bridses 349 

TiniliiT, Hedges, etc 350 

Census of 1840, and Deaf Mutes. ..350 

Political 353 

Vote 1876-1878 354 

Lynch Law 354 

a" Tornado 355 

An Expensive Funeral 35G , 

War History 356 

Voltint'-er Roster 379 

Horrible Murder 396 

Old Settlers' Association 396 , 

The Additional Penitentiary 397 i 

Fish-Hatching Establishment 402 ' 

Meteorological 405 

Fairview Township 422 

Early Settlement 422 



Fairview Township: Page. 

Village of Fairview 424 

Early History 425 

First Schoolhouse 427 

First Post Office.. 427 

Anamosa 428 

City Officers 4:W 

Origin of the name Anamosa. ..4.34 

Incorporation 435 

The Press 436 

Educational 437 

Churches 4.39 

First B trial in Anamosa Cem- 
etery ....444 

Cemetery -Association 444 

St. Patrick's, Benevolent So- 
ciety 445 

Western Sick Benefit Associa- 
tion 446 

Scientific Association 449 

Art Association 449 

Secret Societies 449 

Driving Park 433 

Water Works 453 

Fire Department and Fires 454 

Stone Quarries 4.J7 

The Pioneer Tobacco Raiser 

of Iowa 458 

Liquor Confiscation 459 

Marriage Incident 4.59 

Edmund Booth 460 



Page. 

Monticello Towti.-.hip 461 

Early Historv 462 

Official Roster 467 

Monticello in 1879 468 

Educational 469 

The Press 471 

Churches 4'r2 

Young Men's Christian Asso- 
ciation 474 

Water Works 474 

Fire Department 475 

Secret Societies 475 

Associations 477 

Militia 479 

Agricultural Society 480 

The Principal Fires 480 

Wyoming Towtishij) 482 

Madison Township 509 

Oxford Township 511 

Hale Township 513 

Greenfield Township 513 

Rome Township 514 

Castle Grove Township 525 

Richland Township 526 

Scotch Grove Township 536 

Clay Township 541 

Washington Township .542 

Jackson Township 542 

Cass Township 543 

Wayne Township .543 



BIOOKAPHICAL SKETCH KK. 



Page. 

Cass 693 

CiiStle Grove 698 

Clay 701 

Fairview .549 

Greenfield 584 



Pack. 

Hale 637 

Jackson 007 

Madison 014 

Jlonticello (559 

Oxford 590 



P.^GE. 

Richland 688 

Rome 643 

Scotch Grove 654 

Wayne 620 

Wyoming 598 



LITHOGRAPH K' PORTRAITS, 



Pace. 

Edmund Booth 323 I 

J. A. Bronson 5til 

M. H. Calkins 483 

Robert Dott 357 

J. A. Greeti 447 



Page. Page. 

A. M. Loomis 411 John Russell 519 

John McKean 5.55 Col. Chas. F. Springer 393 

James M. Peet 429 William T. Shaw 573 

J. C. Ramsey 375 Otis Wbittemore 465 

Barrett Whittemore 537 




The Northwest Territory. 



GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. 

When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States 
by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the 
Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern .limits of the 
United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States 
of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of 
Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United 
States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi 
River; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary 
of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the 
Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National 
domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the 
''New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old "Northwestern 
Territory." 

In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast 
magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater 
in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, 
including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected 
eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- 
tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of 
the entire population of the United States. 

Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent 
^ow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- 
stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the 
highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent 
on the globe. 

For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- 
west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United 
States. 

(19) 



20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 

In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great "West in the New 
World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel 
of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than 
half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence 
to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no 
settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that 
he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and 
disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery 
for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize 
upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by 
DeSoto's defeat. Yet it A\as more than a century before any adventurer 
took advantage of these discoveries. 

In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the 
wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- 
trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which 
run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the 
first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from 
the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian 
envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, 
below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent 
result; yet it was not until 1059 that any of the adventurous fur traders 
attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, 
nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by 
Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude 
Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the 
Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette 
founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two 
years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- 
eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the 
present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a 
grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were 
taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken 
of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at 
Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. 

During M. Talon's explorations and jNLarquette's residence at St. 
Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied 
—as all others did then— that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's 
children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. 
Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITOxi;Y. 21 

request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his 
king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico 
or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- 
dition, prepared for the undertaking. 

On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- 
ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of 
discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were 
astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade 
them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as 
exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of 
frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, 
nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he 
was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region 
they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which 
the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they 
separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the 
adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and 
Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- 
quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and 1bows and arrows, 
which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to 
thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in 
giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to 
which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the 
year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed 
in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. 
He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to 
Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- 
tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths 
of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct 
them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on 
the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to 
witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet 
ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, 
returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, 
which they descended to the ^Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown 
waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck 
out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were 
now upon the bosom of ths Father of Waters. The mystery was about 
to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is 
beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been 
clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of 



22 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand 
"reminded them of the castled shores of tlieir own beautiful rivers of 
France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared 
on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a 
country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- 
itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- 
tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. 




SOUECE OF THE MISSISSIPPI. 



On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon 
the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the 
boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a 
village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a 
half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most 
hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. 
After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to 
about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being 
satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 23 

up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, 
rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point 
to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, "'did we see 
such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, bujffaloee, deer, wildcats, bustards, 
swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." 
The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and 
reported their discovery — one of the most important of the age, but of 
which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by 
the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette 
returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them 
until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the 
mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked 
to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, 
he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time 
passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found 
him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefull}'' passed away while at 
prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place 
fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving 
the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been 
called Marquette. 

While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in 
the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre- 
paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun 
by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. 

After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see 
the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French 
trading posts in Canada. Here lie mused long upon the pet project of 
those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an 
expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, 
when Marq^uette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind 
of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- 
lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous 
western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to 
Frontenac, Governor General cf Canada, and laid before him the plan, 
dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that 
LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf 
of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- 
measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- 
tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. 

LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who 
warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also receivod 
from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev- 



24 



THK NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at 
once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on 
these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined 
by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Eiie. He 
passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and 
into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were 
some time at Micliillimackinac, where LaSalle founded e fort, and passed 
on to Green Bay, the " Baie des Puans" of the French, where he found 
a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with 
these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors, 




LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GllEEN BAY. 

started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward iieard 
of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- 
ing nothing from tlie Griffin, he collected all the men — thirty working 
men and tluee monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. 

By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, c died by 
the Indians, ''Thcakeke," tooJf, because of the tribes of Indians called 
by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling tlicre. The 
French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. 
"Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the 
country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- 
nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 25 

no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs, 
took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- 
ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes 
under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village 
of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, 
the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, 
on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have 
been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-l-te-un, that 
is, a place tvhere there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met 
with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent 
some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that 
place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were 
trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men 
were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel,. 
He called this fort " Crevecoeur'"' (broken-heart), a name expressive of the 
very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship, 
Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the 
part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause 
him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was 
placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. 

While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to 
look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to 
return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in 
the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party 
to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- 
ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and 
was successfully made, though over an almost u )known route, and in a 
bad season of the year. He safely reach'id Cana ia, and set out again for 
the object of his search. 

Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecceur on the last of February, 
1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he 
found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to 
Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after 
leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the 
icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River 
by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a 
band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- 
nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- 
age they found several beautiful lakes, and "saw some charming prairies." 
Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux 
nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when 
they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony 



26 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



in honor of his patron j?aint. Here they took the land, and traveling 
nearly two hundred miles to the nortliwest, brought them to their villages. 
Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their 
captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen, 





K^^ j^-^\ -.sj. ^'^ 





BUFFALO HUNT. 

headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene 
crated thus far by the route of Lake Superior; and with these fellow- 
countrymen Hennepin and liis companions were allowed to return to the 
borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had 
returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went 
to France, where he pul.lished an account of his adventures. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 2T 

The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his 
vain endeavor to find gold and precious gems. In the following Spring, 
De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- 
ings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, 
reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered 
about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- 
selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called bi'igan- 
tines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it 
would lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of 
Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. 

They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi ; but, 
being so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country, 
and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. 

To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the 
first account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess 
this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of 
explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed 
the portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February, 
reached the banks of the Mississippi. 

On the 13th they commenced their downward course, which they 
pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- 
covered the three great passages b}^ whicliJLh'e river discharges its waters 
into die gulf. La Salle thus narrates the^ent: 

" We landed on the bank of the niosy western channel, about three 
leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. O^the seventh, M. de LaSalle 
went to reconnoiter the shores of the iieig%feoring sea, and M. de Tonti 
meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main 
outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a 
little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond the 
reach of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about 
twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to 
the colui^in were affixed the arms of France -with this inscription : 

Louis Le Grand, Roi De France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvieme Avril, 16S2. 

The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum, and then, after 
a salute and cries of " Vive le Roi'' the column was erected by M. de 
La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of 
the King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- 
sissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where 
another expedition was fitted out, of which he Avas commander, and in two 
succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along 
the shore of the gulf. On his third vovage he was killed, through the 



28 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



treachery of liis followers, and the object of his expeditions was not 
accomplislied until 1699, when D'Iberville, under the authority of the 
crown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth 
of the " Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the natives 
'•'' Malhouchla^'''' and l)y the Spaniards, ^'la Palissade,'" from the great 




TRAPPING. 

number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, 
and satisfying liimself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western 
outlet, and returned to France. 

An avenue of trade Avas now opened out -which was fidly improved. 
In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- 
nists. In 17 G2, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by 
France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it Avas purchased by 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 29 

the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory 
of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the 
charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat 
and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown 
open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ; 
had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one 
settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- 
ments of LaSalle's labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them 
(unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,) 
it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were 
peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of 
the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored." 

The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the 
year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, 
and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary 
station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- 
lages, the other two being Caho^iia and Peoria. What is known of 
these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, 
dated " Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de I'lmmaculate Conception de 
la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." Soon after the founding of 
Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while 
Peoria arose near the ruins of Foi"t Crevecoeur. This must have been 
about the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the Oubache river, 
(pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud movim/ swiftly^ was estab- 
lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- 
able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia 
and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain 
were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- 
tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to 
occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being 
made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle- 
ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England 
in 1718. This was mainly accomplished thi'ough the efforts of the 
famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law, 
who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and who with his 
scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. 

From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the 
French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis- 
sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated 

* There is considerable dispute about tliis date, some assevting it was founded as late as 1742. 'Wlj''n 
tlie new Court house at Vincennes was erected, all authorities o:i t'.ie su'.jjaet were carefully examined, and 
'V02 fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on tlie corner-stone of the court liouse. 



30 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company 
did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened 
tlic trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains 
indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of 
the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the 
attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the 
New World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary 
among the Illinois, writing from " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort 
Chartres, June 8, 1750, saj-s : "We have here whites, negroes and 
Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, 
and three villages of the natives, within a space of twentj'-one leagues 
situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid 
(Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, i)erhaps, eleven hundred 
whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The 
three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all 
told. Most of the Fi;encli till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and 
horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can 
be consumed; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New 
Orleans." This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and 
save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were 
found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France 
by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- 
ber 7, 1750, this same priest says : " For fifteen leagues above the 
mouth of the MississiiDpi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low 
to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially 
occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I 
think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, 
bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork 
and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty 
vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans, 
plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of 
Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five 
leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five 
or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther 
up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners 
through fear of tlie Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise 
excellent tobacco. Another hundred lea'j^ues brings us to the Arkansas, 
where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river 
traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred 
leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at 
the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the 
Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to 



THE NORTHWEST \ TERRITORY. 



31 



work them as they deserve." Father yflarest, writing from tlie post at 
Vincennes in 181 2, makes the same observation. Vivier also says : " Some 
individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada. 
Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are 
like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find 
silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also 
in this countr}', beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large 
pieces are found in the streams." 




MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI. 



At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the 
lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at 
the Mauinee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what 
may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest 
they had stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan, 
at Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, 
Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of 
LaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of 
this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another 
nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, 



32 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY 

J 



and hearing of its wealth, begar|[^,to lay plans for occupying it and for 
securing the great profits arising ^herefrom. 

The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the 



DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. 

This " Beautiful " river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- 
Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet 
and Marquette. 

Wliile LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found 
leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. 
He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed 
to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident 
soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. 

While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the 
Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a 
distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- 
ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. 
LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great 
rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to 
embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to 
the commerce of China and Japan. 

He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- 
ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant, 
Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- 
vision to defray tlie expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul- 
pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, 
and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money, 
the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred 
dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the 
necessary supplies for the outfit. 

On the 6th of July, 1660, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, 
embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes 
carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the 
bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the 
Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present 
City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to 
conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. 

The Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected 
that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After 
waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian 



THE NORTHAVEST TERRITORY. 



3^ 



from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them 
that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. 

On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, Avhen they 
heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving 




iiion BraoGE, lake bluff, lake county, Illinois. 



among the Iroquois, they met witli a friendly reception, and learned 
from a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach tlie Ohio in six weeks. 
Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume 
their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the 
arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved 
to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the West. Ea 



•U THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the cojiper mines 
on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. 
He gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the 
lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in 
that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the 
expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the 
Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet 
with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and 
after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at 
Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, 
Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. 

These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted 
no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron 
saint; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June 
without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian. 

After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois 
village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a 
tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far 
as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the 
persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669. 

The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony- 
mous paper, which pui])orts to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle 
himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count 
Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he 
discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as 
an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio 
Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony 
of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French 
had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec 
replied: " AVe claim the country on tiie Ohio by virtue of the discoveries 
of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to 
make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." 

ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. 

When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters 
and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at t^he French posts 
already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- 
ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States 
of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet 
under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 35 

conclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as 
1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to 
secure the country west of the Alleghenies to the English crown. In 
Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- 
ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- 
sity of securing- the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, by that 
power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain 
to this unexplored wilderness. 

England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a 
discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants 
to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. 
She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- 
ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord H oward, Gov- 
ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the 
great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- 
das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras Avere 
taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. 
They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 
1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed 
was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has 
often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1741, a purchase was 
made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of 
Virginia," for which the Indians received <£200 in gold and a like sum in 
goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. 
The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel 
William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was 
called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with 
presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- 
nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings 
regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, 
and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the 
cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In 
1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant 
of land beyond the Alleghenies. This was granted, and the government 
of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- 
dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of 
June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was 
made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 
acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French 
were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the 
West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French 



36 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain 
possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of Ma}', 1774, Vaud- 
reuil. Governor of Canada and the f'rench possessions, well knowing the 
consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading 
posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further 
secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- 
eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds 
and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, j)lates of lead, on which 
were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and 
within the memory of residents now living along the " Oyo," as the 
beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found 
with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and 
a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discover}- of the 
plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, 
among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, 
however, deter tlie English from going on with their explorations, and 
though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and 
it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the 
frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio 
Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, 
on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He 
afterward spoke of it as very populous; From there he went down 
the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, 
and in November he commenced a survey of tlie Company's lands. Dur- 
ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the 
Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing 
their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party 
of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- 
lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and 
Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of 
the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. 
(They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were 
carried away to Canada, and one account says several ^Yere burned. This 
fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the 
king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- 
tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some 
variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1778, written by Rev. David Jones 
Pickaweke." 

■* The following Is a translation of the inscription on tlie plate: "In the year 1749, reign of Louis XV., 
King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, coin- 
mander-in-diief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have 
buried this plate at the confluence of the Toradakoin, tliis twenty-ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise 
Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its 
tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and 
treaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix LaChapelle." 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. 3T 

This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and 
occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about 
forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- 
ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- 
mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to 
occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- 
ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and 
Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the 
natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- 
caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, 
these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the 
north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- 
burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- 
doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize 
the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, 
the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a 
chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their 
favor. This he did, and upon the loth of June they all united in signing 
a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a 
settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should 
not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first 
treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valle3^ 

Meanwhile tl>e powers beyond the sea were trying to out-manoeuvre 
each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally 
outwitted the Indians, and failed in man}^ instances to fulfill their con- 
tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of tlie red men, and further 
increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- 
tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758: " The Indians on the Ohio 
left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were 
coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The 
French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The 
Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when 
we wanted help, forsook us."' 

At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by 
title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon 
and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- 
lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until 
the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans 
of the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them 
away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts 
already begun, and would not abandon the field. 

Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard- 



38 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of 
Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from 
them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young- 
man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank 
of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This 
personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, wlio then 
held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just 
twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied 
by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will's 
Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the Monon- 
gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went ta 
Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of 
the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and 
also heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol- 
lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to 
turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral.. 
Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to 
Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the 
French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery- 
of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing- 
of importance here, he j)ursued his way amid great privations, and on the 
11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here 
he delivered Governor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, took his- 
observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one 
but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him» 
notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their 
homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet 
they reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. 

From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by 
Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would 
not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made 
in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French 
finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, 
and gathered their forces to be in readiness. 

The Oki Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great 
activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring 
colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywliere along the Potomac 
men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised 
two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were 
gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent 
had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39 

working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of 
the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. 

" The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift 
river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of 
Spring and th^ April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian 
scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, 
that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent 
in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten 
miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder- 
ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchnient rising at the fork, and 
swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning 
of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw 
upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and 
three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden* deep with cannon and 
stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur, 
and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men 
and tools, marched up the Monongahela." 

The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la 
Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and 
English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the 
French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi 
and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue 
of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- 
foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The 
first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the 
English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted 
disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed 
the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured, 
and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- 
ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. 
He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- 
self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called 
by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of 
French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked 
in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the 
morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. 

The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one 
against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort 
Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, 
and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. 
The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General 
Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those 



40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. Tliis 
occurred on the morning of Jul}^ 9th, and is generally known as the battle 
of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with 
various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- 
ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- 
tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to 
carry on the war. Three expeditious were planned for this year : one, 
under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, 
against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against 
Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a 
desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern p^'t of the 
Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie 
captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, 
of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was 
found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, 
rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the 
name to Fort Pitt. 

The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of 
Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to 
reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to 
capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant 
Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga 
and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- 
able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated 
Montcahn, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement 
Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, 
marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of 
defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was 
fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It 
resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. 
The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was 
surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it 
was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England 
were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and 
under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of 
the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same 
time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 

On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent 
from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post 
in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- 
moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, 
BeletrC; refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41 

French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d 
under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, 
no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the 
purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was 
assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not 
desire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much 
to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while 
on their journey home. 

Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one 
month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence 
across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- 
mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of 
the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, 
crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon 
John's Town" on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White 
Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town 
on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one 
hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of 
cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across 
Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. 

The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. 
New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large 
trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises 
with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- 
trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. 

The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these 
atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading 
events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this 
noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named 
Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as 
far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, 
but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his 
hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian 
to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached 
him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He 
declared that no treaty had been made with them ; no presents sent 
them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. 
He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was 
civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. 

The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, 
were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified 
February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly 



42 



THE NORTHWEST TEREITOKY. 




PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 43 

upon tlie frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead. 
Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander 
of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares 
and Mingoes, whohad, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite 
An this enterprise. 

The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 176-^. 
Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, " scooped up in the hollow 
of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. 

Pontiac's immediate field of action Avas the garrison at Detroit. 
Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing 
the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out, 
however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when 
Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian 
chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed 
musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He 
•saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He 
endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt 
was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe 
reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. 

Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace 
between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, 
continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular 
commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, 
which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At 
the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went 
further south, living many years among the Illinois. 

He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a 
time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis 
in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a 
quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon 
afterwards killed him. His death Avas, however, avenged by the northern 
Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. 

Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan 
for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly 
have been carried out. 

It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- 
ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest 
feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and 
were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, 
Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their 
French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : 
" Englishman, although you have conquered the French, 3'ou have not 



44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves! These lakes, these woods,, 
these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, 
and we will part with thera to none. Your nation supposes that we, like 
the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you 
ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided 
food for Tis upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." 

He tlien spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, 
no presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war. 
Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after 
the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no 
doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the. 
French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the 
English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going 
on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. 

In 1762, France, by a secret treat)'-, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- 
vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters 
of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- 
tainl)leau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. 
Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States 
and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great 
Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these 
sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and 
twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to 
France, and by France sold to the United States. 

In the half centmy, from the building of the Fort of Crevecceur by 
LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- 
tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been 
noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, 
Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract 
of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St» 
Louis. 

By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including^ 
all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England; 
but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when 
Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- 
self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, 
dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- 
olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their 
effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. 
It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the 
war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that 
chieftain- By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45 

ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 
1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, liis confed- 
eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- 
tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom 
lie afterward lost his life. 

As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began 
rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the 
year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces 
explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- 
hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This 
was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- 
ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr.. Craik, Capt. Crawford 
and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- 
burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha; ascended that stream about fourteen 
miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which 
were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. 

Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- 
tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This 
same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages. 
He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only 
forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and 
at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year 
or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally 
Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- 
tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts 
was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and 
flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the 
policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension 
of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal 
proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the 
sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance 
of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement 
without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy 
reach of Great Britain. 

The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In the 
course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they 
extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for 
themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother 
country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow."' 

In accordance with this policy. Gov. Gage issued a proclamation 
in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- 
tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they 



46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to 
remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its 
change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French 
population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned 
the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which 
was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend- 
ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present 
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. 

In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- 
ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor 
that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the 
early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side 
of the war for independence. 

In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration 
to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the 
pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. 
One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the 
Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it 
Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for 
settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed 
portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the 
famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and 
driven across the Ohio. 

During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies 
and the perseveranceof individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- 
lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land 
speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held 
in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling 
themselves the " Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the 
Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on 
the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- 
chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes 
as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On 
the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 
37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested 
by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in 
the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- 
panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all 
were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of 
April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the 
" United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 

strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all 
signally failed. 

When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- 
ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. 

In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time 
" Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- 
habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- 
tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were 
east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- 
tions were made — ^' 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 
negroes." 

From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and 
nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report 
made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following 
extract is made : 

"Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which 
appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of 
the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la 
Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There 
are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five 
miles further up the river." 

St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- 
tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one 
hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country 
west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until 
ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the 
country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there 
were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to 
1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more 
than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being engaged 
in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here 
relate. 

It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by 
Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an 
oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. 
As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent 
resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space 
between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house 
(near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, 
and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by 
oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had 
four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first three of these 



48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- 
pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a 
parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running 
east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen 
feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten 
to fifteen feet in width. 

At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the 
enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present 
northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was 
inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two 
stories high, suflBcient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient 
to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The 
citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of 
Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, 
with a few a story and a lialf in height. They were all of logs, some 
hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, 
called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east 
gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned 
by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and 
the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of 
twenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning 
between nine and ten o'clock, Each furnished four sentinels, who were 
relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who p^*r- 
formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset; 
even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were 
delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened 
in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter 
town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- 
ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of 
every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were 
restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were 
allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only 
at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the 
Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house 
near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. 
The population of the town was al)out sixty families, in all about two 
hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by 
fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present "■ new " 
town was laid out. 

On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of 
importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of 
Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49 

and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in 
this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those 
within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their 
civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway, 
burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. 
Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held 
in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived 
in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which 
had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty 
was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented 
her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move 
unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the 
British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Ht 
saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy 
access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British 
intended to penetrate the country from the north and soutn, ana annihi- 
late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, 
afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. Ho knew the Indians were not 
unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could 
the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives 
might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, 
he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements 
might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the 
project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on 
November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, 
Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly 
encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at 
once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been 
agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark 
came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the 
scene of action to be able to guide them. 

Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his 
plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, 
the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven 
companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three 
months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him 
to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand 
at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. 

With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather 
to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed 
in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- 



50 TBE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required 
number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their 
own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to 
join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private 
volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he 
navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified 
Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, 
Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may 
yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him 
with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and 
as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to 
the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, 
and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 
24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured 
no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with 
his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as 
far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. 
Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to 
Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he 
intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the 
Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- 
mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the 
United States; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois 
country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to 
believe by the British that the " Long Knives" or Virginians, were the 
most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With 
this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would 
cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- 
tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. 

The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, 
and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort 
near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without 
the loss of a single man or b}^ killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently 
working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- 
fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the 
great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity 
from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- 
itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked 
for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and 
when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom- 
panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place 
surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus 



THE NOUTHWEST TERRITORY. 51 

the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English 
into the possession of Virginia. 

In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a 
powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession 
of tlte Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- 
daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken, 
tSt. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit,remained yet to be taken 
before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that 
he would alon.e, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection 
with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, 
in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of 
peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence 
that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to 
the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, 
placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his 
men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, 
erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who 
had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. 
In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature 
of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, 
and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of 
the Old Dominion through their Legislature. 

In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the 
natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- 
giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, 
having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down 
the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing 
the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the 
rebels from the West. Gen. Chirk had, on the return of M. Gibault, 
dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- 
ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. 
Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly 
surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at 
the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- 
ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of tha 
fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of w^ar, he surrendered to 
the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the 
force in the garrison. 

Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was 
contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four 
Hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, 



52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the 
Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he 
saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless 
he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the 
news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- 
ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi 
a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in ord«r to ascend the Ohio and 
Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. 

On the next day, Clark, wdth his little force of one hundred and 
twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching 
through much mud, the ground being thawed b}'^ the incessant spring 
rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at 
once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- 
woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the 
intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- 
ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was 
sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. 
During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes 
to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, 
and had earned in consequence thereof the title " Hair-buyer General," 
by which he was ever afterward known. 

Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising 
Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being 
apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con- 
cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. 
Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in 
uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West 
would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny 
Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from 
the commencement, by the British. 

" But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the 
union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might 
have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." 

At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- 
ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the 
British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- 
Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravelj^ fighting for American inde- 
pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the 
Ohio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, 
marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These 
expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled 
to sue for peace. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53 

During this same year (1779) the famous " Land Laws" of Virginia 
were passed. The passage of these hiws was of more consequence to the 
pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian 
conflicts. These hiws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed 
to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for .the 
settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at 
fort}^ cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature 
sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many 
of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These 
gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and 
continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided 
three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, wh(; 
came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 
10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the 
next year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- 
sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in 
relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States 
to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right 
to navigate its channel. To enforce tlieir claims, a fort was erected below 
the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- 
ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- 
ing this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the 
West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. 

The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a 
friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had 
been friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence, 
and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the 
refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the 
satisfaction of both nations. 

The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones 
ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the 
"Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few 
pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians 
and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it 
in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting 
colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the 
inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were 
compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the 
settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable 
manner, they fled the country in great haste. 

About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- 
cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts 



54 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New 
York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- 
gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for 
the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress 
during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- 
tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States 
claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. 
This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative 
measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same 
year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might 
have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished 
him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew 
that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture 
and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the 
territory. 

Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- 
ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town 
of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of 
American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the 
United States. 

Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d 
day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United 
States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and 
the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was 
anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies 
were busily engaged in tlie struggle with the mother country, and in 
consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. 
Upon the 16th of April, 1781, tlie first birth north of the Ohio River of 
American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter 
of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian 
Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the 
frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of 
their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, 
a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. 
For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians 
committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 
1772 in the history of the Northwest. 

During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and 
frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- 
dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, 
many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



OD 



frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, 
was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio 
valleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky, 
in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill 
and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc- 




INDIANS ATTACKIXt; FKONTIEUS.MEN. 

tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American 
banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had 
been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- 
querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October 
preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th ol 
April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was 



56 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

proclaimed to tlie army of ihe United States, and on the 2d of the next 
September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle 
was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West 
were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of 
the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; 
thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi 
River; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line 
east to the head of the Appalachicola River ; down its center to its junc- 
tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and 
thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. 

Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts 
were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these 
was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements 
with the Lidians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose 
lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by 
the proper treaty. 

To remedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to 
treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- 
tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the 
year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, 
not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest 
she had formerly done, Avithdrew her troops, having on the 20th of 
December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded 
to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and 
the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. 
To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred 
and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the 
Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region 
opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of 
Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- 
sonville, Indiana. 

While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit 
refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do 
so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring 
of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur 
Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian 
council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in 
appearance. He says : 

" Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who 
live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or 
even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being 
bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57 

delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and 
money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a 
priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapeL" 

Kentucky at this time contained thirty tliousand inliabitants, and 
was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A 
land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take 
defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, 
incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 
1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no 
entries were recorded until 1787. 

The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They 
held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress 
adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the 
surve3'S of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those nortli of the 
Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made 
with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made 
in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land 
was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply 
with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel 
their adherence to its provisions, force was used. Daring the year 1786, 
the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused 
various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to 
excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised 
bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the 
unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- 
tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared 
its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded 
between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- 
ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some 
grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- 
necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as 
the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a 
large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once 
took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company 
were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction 
of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 
750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the 
seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on 
the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without 
the reservations. In addition to this. Congress afterward granted 100,000 
acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the 
resolutions of 1789 and 1790. 



bo THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

While Dr. Cutler, one of the cagents of the company, was pressinL,'- 
its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance 
for tlie political and social organization of this Territory. When the 
cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. 
A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition 
of shivery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, 
and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. 
By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states 




PRESEXT srrK OF LAKE STJJEET IJlllDGK, cnn AGO, iS 1833. 



l)y parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten 
states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the 
northwest corner and going southwardly: S^'lvania, Michigania, Cher- 
sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, lUenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- 
potamia and Pelisipia. 

There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of 
names, — the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- 
tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the l)oundaries 
of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fiftv miles 



THE NORTHWEST TEREITORY. 59 

square. These resolutions being presented to tlie Legislatures of Vir- 
ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the 
subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into 
not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by 
the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was 
again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year 
and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed, 
and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com- 
pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, 
and to it the reader is referred. 

The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company 
was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves 
Symnies, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis.. 
This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, 
being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the 
New England Company. The jjetition was referred to the Treasury 
Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following 
year. Daring the Autumn the directors of the New England Company 
were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the 
23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, 
under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six 
boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- 
veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- 
ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as 
soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the od of October, 
had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and 
to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur 
St. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. 

AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. 

The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com 
])lete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers fron^ 
the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England 
Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over 
the Alleghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into 
Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike 
from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled 
on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had 
been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived 
on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded 
as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. 



60 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwgst, not having 
yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by 
being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed 
to administer them. 

Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the 
Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under 
such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. 
Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know 
many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- 
lated to promote the welfare of such a community." 







A PIOXKKlt I>WELLIN(i. 



On the 2(1 of Julv a meeting of the directors and agents was held 
on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpose of naming the new- 
born city and its squares."' As yet the settlement was known as the 
"Muskingum," but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor 
of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block -houses stood 
was called ''Campus Martius ;'' square number 19, '•'■ Capitolhun ;'' square 
number 61, "• Cecilia T and the great road through the covert way, " Sacra 
Fia.'" Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Varnum, 
who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the 
judicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9, 
Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act 
of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest, 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 61 

under the first of which tlie whole power was invested in the hands of a 
governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon 
the Governor's arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th 
of July. These provided for the organization of the militia, and on the 
next da}'- appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country 
that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the 
County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the 
doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the 
2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing 
ceremonies. 

The emigration westward at this time was very great. The com- 
mander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four 
thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb- 
ruary and June, 1788 — many of whom would have purchased of the 
"Associates," as the New England Company Avas called, had they been 
ready to receive them. 

On the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating 
the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In 
January, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest 
in Symmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon 
which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this locality, he 
sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the 
three, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which 
was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouih of which 
they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the 
town is thus narrated in the "Western Annals " : — " Mr. Filson, who had 
been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in respect to 
its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that 
were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being 
interpreted, means : ville, the town ; anti, against or opposite to ; os, the 
mouth ; L. of Licking." 

Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse 
teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone ^now Mays- 
ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here 
Mr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789 
caused the " Point,"' as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under 
water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers 
removed to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colon}' left 
the " Point," two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first 
was by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the whole plan, who, with a 
colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami, 
whither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had 



62 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



been made by tlie Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr. 
Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788, 
with twenty-six persons, and, building a block-house, prepared to remain 
through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they 
were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood 
of 1780. 

On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States 
went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug- 
urated President of tlie American people, and during the next Summer, 
an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The 
President at first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General 
Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but 




LAICE BLTTFF. 

The frontage of I^ake Bluff Cr rounds on Lake Miohigan, with one hundred and seventy feet of gradual ascent. 



was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne, 
Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were 
the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair 
was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians ; but while 
he was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee, 
he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men. 

General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794, 
he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete 
victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the 
Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the 
treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large 
tract of country was ceded to the United States. 

Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort 
Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. 
Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 6-3 

whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer structures, 
known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon- 
ohartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago, 
Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing citfes east and west 
of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a 
rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of 
strongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks 
were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters 
were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. 
The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an 
acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. 

The logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground 
upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets 
of the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now 
Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of 
of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the rivei', 
immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the 
Artificer's Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed b\' 
small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of 
laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame house, 
familiarly called the " Yellow House," built for the accommodation of 
the Quartermaster General. For many 3'ears this was the best finished 
and most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was 
for some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments 
of the Northwestern Territor}'. 

Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec- 
ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain 
from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. 
These were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous 
schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. 
On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain 
was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. 

No sooner had the treaty of 1795 been ratified than settlements began 
to pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the 
occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was 
this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British 
forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel 
justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit 
and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were 
called to give them up, they at once complied, and General Waj-ne, who 
had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before 
the year's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head- 



6 \ THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

quarters to the neighborhood of the hikes, where a county named after 
him was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan, 
and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were 
formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle- 
town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators 
began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland 
was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and 
Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the " Red- 
stone Paper Mill" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy 
houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous 
to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, 
Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that 
part of the Northwest. 

The election of representatives for the territorj' had taken place, 
and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville — now 
known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and 
considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom 
the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with 
a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly 
adjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named 
the President selected as members of the council, Henr}- Vandenburg, 
of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob 
Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th 
of September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24:th the two 
houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President 
of the Council. 

The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature 
September 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to 
Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes 
cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of 
Gen. St. Clair. 

The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by 
the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were j^assed, but received 
his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to 
the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro- 
tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the 
30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the 
office of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to 
Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. 



THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. <d5 



DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain, 
and the inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct 
the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action 
of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to 
divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a 
committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. 
This committee, on the 3d of March, reported that : 

" In the three western countries there has been but one court having 
cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders 
experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim- 
inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements 
in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assist- 
ance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * Xo 
niinister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee 
tliat it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and 
separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made 
by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running 
directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States 
and Canada." 

The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its 
suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri- 
tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these : 

" That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of 
the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward 
of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the 
Kentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north 
until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and 
Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a 
separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory." 

After providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers ot 
the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides : 

" That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the 
said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the 
seat of government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the 
Ohio River ; and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the 
seat of government for the Indiana Territory." 

Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana 
Territory, and entered upon his duties about a year later. Connecticut 
also about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law 



6G THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon 
thirty-five of the townshi])s in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven 
l^undred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November 
the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the 3^ear, 
the first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no 
township containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of 
October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the 
King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province 
of Louisiana. 

In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char- 
tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western 
colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787, 
newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read 
throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the 
Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern 
territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of 
the "compact of 1787" provided that whenever the number of inhabit- 
ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to 
a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a 
census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number, 
and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits, 
and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio, 
so named from the beautiful river forming its southern boundary, came 
into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known, 
but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly 
within the territory of Indiana. 

Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties 
with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is 
memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from 
France b}' the United States for f 15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode, 
the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of 
country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction 
of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early 
part of this narrative, was called the "New Northwest." The limits 
of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year 
large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of 
Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the 
College Township in the district of Cincinnati. 

Before the close of the year. Gen. Harrison obtained additional 
grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present 
limits of Illinois, and on the IStli of August, 1804, completed a treaty at 
St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. (37 

aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in 
and about Detroit. 

C. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri- 
tory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post : 

" The Town of Detroit. — The charter, which is for fifteen miles 
square, was granted in the time of Louis XIV. of France, and is now, 
from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those 
two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town 
and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four 
acres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to Wm. 
Macomb. * * * A stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The 
pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The 
streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right 
angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant." 

During this year, Congress granted a township of land for the sup- 
port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these 
wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to 
fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also, 
a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territor}^ dividing it into two 
portions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of 
government, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the 
domain of Gen. Harrison. 

On the 11th of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed, 
Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the 
change to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire 
occurred at Detroit, which destro3^ed almost every building in the place. 
When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in 
ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild- 
ing, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more 
houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built. 

While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade 
of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large 
tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian, 
Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause 
of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the 
settlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the 
British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at 
the battle of tlie Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest, 
we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life, 
and his connection with this conflict. 



68 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 




TECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. . 69 



TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812. 

This famous Indian chief was born about the year 1768, not far from 
the site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa, 
was a member of the Kisopok tribe of tlie Swanoese nation, and his 
mother, Methontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same 
people. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last centur}- 
to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be 
chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum- 
seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tribe. In 1795 he was 
declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of tlie 
present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he 
returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In 
1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced 
himself as a j)rophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given 
them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chiei' 
comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age, 
was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and jDossessed of 
enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas- 
ing, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed 
by most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi- 
dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who 
afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first 
house built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered 
upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of 
land made by the Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the 
Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land 
could be made save by the consent of this confederation. 

He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south 
to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a 
matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect. 

Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move- 
ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was 
forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseh's 
plan was similar to Pontiac's, elsewhere described, and to the cunning 
artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity. 

During the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre- 
paring for the work. In that year. Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty 
with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians 
and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon 
the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring 



70 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

as one principal reason that he did not Avant tlie Indians to give up any 
lands north and west of the Ohio River. 

TecLimseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and 
held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly 
angry at this conference he was dismissed from tlie village, and soon after 
departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. 

Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chief's headquarters at 
Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the 
Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the 
prophet's town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten- 
tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He encamped 
near the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he 
was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of 
Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians v/ere routed and their town broken 
up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his 
brother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating 
tlie war, and foiling his (Tecumseh's) plans. 

Tecumseh sent word to Gen. Harrison tliat he was now returned 
from the South, and was read}' to visit tlie President as had at one time 
previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go 
as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never 
made. 

In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at 
Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against 
the United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his 
people. The agent replied to this ; Tecumseh listened with a cold indif- 
ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew 
his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai- 
den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard. 

He remained under this Government, doing effective work for the 
Crown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was, 
however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow- 
ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan- 
tonl}' murder the captive. 

In the Summer of 1813, Perry's victor}^ on Lake Erie occurred, and 
shortly after active preparations were made to capture Maiden. On the 
27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for 
the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mai- 
den, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand- 
wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley ot 
the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen„ 
Mc Arthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71 

On the 2d of October, the Americans began their pursuit of Proctor, 
whom they overtook on the oth, and the battle of the Thames followed. 
Early in the engagement, Tecumseh who was at the head of the column 
of Indians Avas slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief- 
tain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in 
the Northwest- 




^uuuiatu.i 



INDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADE. 



Just who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute ; 
but the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson, 
who fired at him with a pistol, the shot proving fatal. 

In 1805 occurred Burr's Insurrection. He took possession of a 
beautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charged 
by many with attempting to set up an independent government. His 
plans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated 
and he was compelled to flee the country for safety. 



72 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

In January, 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan Territory, made a 
treaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the 
United States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was built about 
Detroit. It was also during this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored 
to obtain the repeal of that section of the compact of 1787, whereby 
slavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts, 
however, all signally failed. 

In 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory. 
This was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western 
part, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next 3'ear, 
the intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and 
then began the events already narrated. 

While this war was in progress, emigration to the West went on with 
surprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the 
first steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of 
the natives, many of whom fled in terror at the appearance of the 
" monster." It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the 
close of the first week of January, 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being 
nearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its 
downward trip. 

The battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It 
effectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not 
fully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green- 
ville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States 
and the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should 
cease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such, 
happily, was not the case, and on the 24th of December the treaty 
of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United 
States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various 
Indian tribes throughout the West and Northwest, and quiet was again 
restored in this part of the new world. 

On the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city. 
It then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its 
manufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed 
to form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties 
organized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first 
election of state officers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings 
was chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, and 
on December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For 
some time the seat of government was at Cory don, but a more central 
location being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana), 
was laid out January 1, 1825. 



THE NORTHWEST TERBITOEY. 73 

On the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was 
chartered, with a capital of $300,000. At this period all banks were 
under the control of the States, and were allowed to establish branches 
at different convenient points. 

Until this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the 
privileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the 
northern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a 
more central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col- 
umbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State. 
Banking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was 
chartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state 
the hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable 
to redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend. 

In 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her 
northern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich- 
igan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes 
was increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of 
revenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that 
the trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to 
navigate the bosom of that inland sea. 

Until the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War, 
but few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were 
opened, canals were dug, cities were built, common schools were estab- 
lished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan 
University, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were 
becoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended, 
and had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the 
record of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros- 
perity. 

BLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 

This conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in 
the Northwestern history, being the last war with the Indians in this part 
of the United States. 

Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal 
Sac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the 
Mississippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes ; 
his grandfather's, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early 
distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted 
to paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he 
Went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one 



74 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 




BLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEFTAIN. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 75 

of whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was 
permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the 
head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the 
Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to 
his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce 
battle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The 
Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees 
for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City 
of St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of 
the " Medicine Bag," at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation. 
He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the 
head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred lowas, he waged 
war asfainst the Osao'e nation and subdued it. For two vears he battled 
successfully with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered. 

Black Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to 
the Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his " Spanish 
Father," he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason, 
he did not want two fathers. 

The treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the 
United States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines 
Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who 
at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of 
the Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was 
garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties 
with the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812 
followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by 
giving them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the 
Americans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five 
hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on 
his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn Massacre 
h:/* a few days before occurred. Of his connection with the British 
'^L . ernment but little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended 
the Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort Howard 
was defeated. 

In the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi 
were notified that peace had been declared between the United States 
and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not 
sign any treaty, however, until May of the following year. He then recog- 
nized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of 
signing this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he 
and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. 

Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox 



76 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

Indians were urged to join the lowas on the west bank of the Fatlier of 
Waters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of 
which Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal, 
and was induced to comply only after being threatened with the power of 
the Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set- 
tlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his 
native village now occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and 
his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and liad his wishes been 
acquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would 
have been prevented. 

Black Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted 
warrior. He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three 
miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived 
many generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them, 
they remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their 
time in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village 
and the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who 
from time to time began to encroach upon the red men's domain. From 
one pretext to another, and from one step to another, the crafty white 
men gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained 
deeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were 
finally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the 
lowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, but as the 
authorities of Illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he 
was forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged 
the removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terras of the treaty 
made with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to 
enforce his removal, had retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the 
river. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On 
the evening of May 14, 1832, the first engagement occurred between a 
band from this army and Black Hawk's band, in which the former were 
defeated. 

This attack and its result aroused the whites. A large force of men 
was raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the 
lakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation of 
the Indians. On the 24th of June, Black Hawk, with 200 warriors, was 
repulsed by Major Demont between Rock River and Galena. The Ameri- 
can army continued to move up Rock River toward the main body of 
the Indians, and on the 21st of July came upon Black Hawk and his band, 
and defeated them near the Blue Mounds. 

Before this action. Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main 
army by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 77 

Wisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the 
Mississippi. They were overtaken on the 2d of August, and in the battle 
which followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He 
fled, but was seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites. 

On the 21st of September, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con- 
cluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they 
ceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain 
peaceable with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi- 
sions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that 
Black Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs 
of the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure 
of the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons. 

The next Spring, by order of the Secretary of War, they were taken 
to Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe, 
"there to remain until tlie conduct of their nation was such as to justify 
their being set at libert3^'" They were retained here until the 4th of 
June, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal 
cities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white 
people. Everywhere they were observed by thousands, the name of the 
old chief being extensively known. By the middle of August they 
reached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon 
after released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth- 
place, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village 
where he was born, where he had so happily lived, and where he had 
hoped to die, was now another's dwelling place, and he was a wanderer. 

On the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and 
his lodge. His wife was yet living, and with her he passed the remainder 
of his days. To his credit it may be said that Black Hawk always re- 
mained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among 
the Indians, living Avith her upward of forty years. 

Black Hawk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel- 
ancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all 
times when he visited the whites he was received with marked atten- 
tion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee County, 
Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem. 
In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his 
annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted 
in a fatal attack of bilious fever which terminated his life on October 3. 
His faithful wife, who was devotedly attached to him, mourned deeply 
during his sickness. After his death he was dressed in the uniform j)re- 
sented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in 
a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. " The 



78 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a 
seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him 
by Henry Clay, was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. 
Many of the old warrior's trophies were placed in the grave, and some 
Indian garments, together with his favorite weapons." 

No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began 
rapidly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin, 
now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had 
grown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. 
In 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed, 
but did not take active form until two years later, when the State became 
a part of the Federal Union. 

The main attraction to that portion of the Northwest lying west of 
Lake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial 
wealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this 
region was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 183f) was 
made a territory, then including ]\Iinnesota and Iowa. The latter State 
was detached two years later. In 1848, Wisconsin was admitted as a 
State, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various 
divisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from 
the time it was a unit comprising this vast territory, until circumstances 
compelled its present division. 



THE ITOETHWEST TERRITORY. 



79 



PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTHWEST 

Preceding- chapters have brought us to the close of the Black Hawk 
war, and we now turn to the contemphxtion of the growth and prosperity 
of the Northwest under the smile of peace and the blessings of our civili. 
za-tiou. The pioneers of this region date events back to the deep snow 




OLD FORT DEARBORN, 1830. 



of 1831, no one arriving here since that date taking first honors. The 
inciting cause of the immigration which overflowed the prairies early in 
the '30s was the reports of the marvelous beauty and fertility of the 
region distributed through the East by those who had participated in the 
fifack Hawk campaign with Gen. Scott. Chicago and Milwaukee then 
had a few hundred inhabitants, and Gurdon S. Hubbard's trail from the 
former c'.tv to Kaskaskia led almost thrcugli a wilderness. Vegetables 
and clothing were largely distributed through the regions adjoining the 



80 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



lakes by steamers from the Ohio towns. There are men now living in 
lUinois who came to the state when barely an acre was in cultivation, 
and a man now prominent in the business circles of Chicago looked over 
the swampy, cheerless site of that metropolis in 1818 and went south- 
ward into civilization. Emigrants from Pennsylvania in 1830 left behind 




LINCOLN MONUMENT, Sl'KINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 

them but one small railway in tlie coal regions, thirty miles in length, 
and made their Avay to the Northwest mostly Avith ox teams, finding in 
Northern Illinois petty settlements scores of miles apart, although the 
southern portion of the state was fairly dotted with farms. The 
water courses of the lakes and rivers furnished transportation to the 
second great army of immigrants, and about 1850 railroads were 
pushed to that extent that the crisis of 1837 was precipitated upon us. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



81 



from the effects of which the Western country had not fully recovered 
at the outbreak of the war. Hostilities found the colonists of the prairies 
fully alive to the demands of the occasion, and the honor of recruiting 




the vast armies of the Union fell largely to Gov. Yates, of Illinois, and 
Gov. Morton, of Indiana. To recount the share of the glories of the 
campaign -svon hf cuv Western troops is a needless task, except to 
mention the fact that Illinois p^ave co the nation the President who save4 



82 



THE NORTHWEST TERKITOE.Y. 



it. and sent out at the head of one of its regiments tne o-eneral who led 
'ts armies to the final victory at Appomattox. The struo-He on the 







whole, had a marked effect for the better on the new Northwest, gi dng 
it an impetus which twenty years of peace would not have produced. 
In a large degree this prosperity was an inflr„ted one, and with the rest 
of the Union we have since been compelled to atone therefor l)y four 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 83 

years of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of 
fortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining 
regions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its 
end. Agriculture, still the leading feature in our industries, has l)een 
quite prosperous through all these dark years, and the farmers liave 
cleared away many incumbrances resting over them from the period of 
fictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and 
sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is 
becoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from 
the financial calamities Avhich have nearly wrecked communities on the 
seaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. 

At the present period there are no great schemes broached for the 
Northwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works 
of improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the 
purchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving the 
nation at lai'ge. A new era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid 
fair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines 
of steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies. 
The lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer 
season, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates ; but experienced 
navigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard 
the enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has 
become quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West 
Indies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi 
and Missouri. 

As to popular education, the standard has of late risen ver}^ greatly, 
and our schools would be creditable to any section of the Union. 

More and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the 
fate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the 
next Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi 
absolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward 
securing the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location. 

Our public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain- 
ing to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that 
for the j)ast sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the 
principles which should govern the country. 

In a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for 
generations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a newspaper, one 
can not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements 
of actualities that fill the columns of ephemeral publications. Time may 
bring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on 
a pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of 



84 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the same radical cliange in our great Northwest which characterizes its 
history for the past thirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural 
geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the 
cattle raising districts of the southwest. 

Our prime interest will for some years doubtless be the growth of 
the food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all 
competitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally be the fertile 
plains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new 
empire so rapidly growmg up in Texas. Over these regions there is a 
continued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must 
look to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of 
the strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe, 
many of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and 
transported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new 
enterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in 
Chicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European 
consumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense. 
English capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway 
loans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in 
lands and live stock. The stock yards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East 
St. Louis are yearly increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily 
grows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro- 
giessive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the quality 
of our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing 
display in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest 
in the matter is on the increase. 

To aftempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would 
be useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and 
quality of our jjroduct. We are too liable to forget that we are giving 
the world its first article of necessity — its food supply. An opportunity 
to learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at 
the outbreak of the great panic of 1873, when Canadian purchasers, 
fearing the prostration of business mightbring about an anarchical condition 
of affairs, went to that city with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure 
their supplies in their own currency at first hands. It may be justly 
claimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave 
the nation its first impetus towaid a restoration of its crippled industries, 
and tlieir labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the 
government was able to reach b^' its most intense efforts of legislation 
and compulsion. The hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for 
farm products have already, by the anticipation common to all commercial 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. §5 

nations, set the wheels in motion, and will relieve us from the perils so 
long shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone. 

Manufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which bids 
fair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly 




TTTTNTlNrr PRAIEIE WOLVES IX AX EAKIA' DAY, 



our whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time 
support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As 
to transportation, the chief factor in the jiroduction of all articles excejj*" 
food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly 
increasing beyond those of any other region. 



86 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The period from a central point of the war to the outbreak of the 
panic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the 
depression of the times caused almost a total suspension of operations. 
Now that i)rosperity is returning to our stricken country we witness its 
anticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions, 
iind leases which bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities. 
The process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter 
to be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly 
transferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for 
the Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting 
through to New Orleans, every mile co-operating in turning toward the 
northwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a 
thousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes 
to Texas have established in Chicago their general freight and passenger 
agencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as 
as far as the interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge 
structures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by 
the railways. The Chicago and Northwestern line has become an aggre- 
gation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The three lines 
running to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with 
the states to the southward. The chief projects now under discussion 
are the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to 
Charleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which line will con- 
nect with all the various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our 
latest new road is the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of Hiree lines, 
and entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgli, Fort Wajnie 
and Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in operation, the 
progress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches, 
and running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as 
this process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order 
of things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the 
railways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern 
lines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now 
being moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and 
their transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages. 

Few are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobbing trade 
of Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold ;f24,0(X),000 of 
dry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add 
seventy per cent, to the figures of their last year's business. In boots 
and shoes and in clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have 
placed here their distributing agents or their factories ; and in groceries 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



81 



Chicago supplies the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages 
over New York. 

Chicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a 
financial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle 
regions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti- 
tutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer monthsr 
they are summoned home at pleasure to move the products of the 
prairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial 
operations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations ort 
behalf of home interests. 

It is impossible to forecast the destiny of this grand and growing 
section of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might 
seem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision.. 




KTNZIE HOUSE. 



Early History of Illinois. 



The name of this beautiful Prairie State is derived from Illim, a 
Delaware word signifying Superior Men. It has a French termination, 
and is a symbol of how the two races — the French and the Indians — 
were intermixed during the early history of the country. 

The appellation was no doubt well applied to the primitive inhabit- 
ants of the soil whose prowess in savage warfare long withstood the 
combined attacks of the fierce Iroquois on the one side, and the no less 
savage and relentless Sacs and Foxes on the other. The Illinois were 
once a powerful confederacy, occupying the most beautiful and fertile 
region in the great Valle}' of the Mississippi, which their enemies coveted 
and struggled long and hard to wrest from them. By the fortunes of 
war they were diminished in numbers, and finally destroyed. " Starved 
Rock," on the Illinois River, according to tradition, commemorates their 
last tragedy, where, it is said, the entire tribe starved rather than sur- 
render. 

EARLY DISCOVERIES. 

The first European discoveries in Illinois date back over two hun- 
dred years. They are a part of that movement which, from the begin- 
ning to the middle of the seventeenth centur}-, brought the French 
Canadian missionaries and fur traders into the Valley of the Mississippi,' 
and which, at a later period, established the civil and ecclesiastical 
authority of France from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico, 
and from the foot-hills of the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains. 

The great river of the West had been discovered by DeSoto, the 
Spanish conqueror of Florida, three quarters of a century before the 
French founded Quebec in 1G08, but the Spanish left the country a wil- 
derness, without further exploration or settlement within its borders, in 
which condition it remained until the Mississippi was discovered by the 
agents of the French Canadian government, Joliet and Marquette, in 1673. 
These renowned explorers were not the first white visitors to Illinois. 
In 1671 — two years in advance of them — came Nicholas Perrot to Chicago 
He had been sent by Talon as an agent of the Canadian government tc 

88 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 




90 HISTORY OP THE STATE OP ILLINOIS. 

call a great peace convention of "Western Indians at Green Bay, prepara- 
tory to the movement for the discovery of the Mississippi. It was 
deemed a good stroke of policy to secure, as far as possible, the friend- 
ship and co-operation of tlie Indians, far and near, before venturing upon 
an enterprise which their hostility might render disastrous, and which 
their friendship and assistance would do so much to make successful ; 
and to this end Perrot was sent to call together in council the tribes 
throughout the Northwest, and to promise them the commerce and pro- 
tection of the French government. He accordingly arrived at Green 
Bay in 1671, and procuring an escort of Pottawattamies, proceeded in a 
bark canoe upon a visit to the Miamis, at Chicago. Perrot was there- 
fore the first European to set foot upon the soil of Illinois. 

Still there were others before Marquette. In 1672, the Jesuit mis- 
sionaries. Fathers Claude Allouez and Claude Dablon, bore the standard 
of the Cross from their mission at Green Bay through western Wisconsin 
and northern Illinois, visiting the Foxes on Fox River, and the Masquo- 
tines and Kickapoos at the mouth of the Milwaukee. These missionaries 
penetrated on the route afterwards followed by Marquette as far as the 
Kickapoo village at the head of Lake Winnebago, where Marquette, in 
his journey, secured guides across the portage to the Wisconsin. 

The oft-repeated story of Marquette and Joliet is well known. 
They were the agents employed by the Canadian government to discover 
the Mississippi. Marquette was a native of France, born in 1637, a 
Jesuit priest by education, and a man of simple faith and of great zeal and 
devotion in extending the Roman Catholic religion among the Indians. 
Arriving in Canada in 1666, he was sent as a missionary to the far 
Northwest, and, in 1668, founded a mission at Sault Ste. Marie. The 
following year he moved to La Pointe, in Lake Superior, where he 
instructed a branch of the Hurons till 1670, when he removed south, and 
founded the mission at St. Ignace, on the Straits of Mackinaw. Here 
he remained, devoting a portion of his time to the study of the Illinois 
language under a native teacher who had accompanied him to the mission 
from La Pointe, till he was joined by Joliet in the Spring of 1673. By 
the way of Green Bay and the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, they entered 
the Mississippi, which they explored to the mouth of the Arkansas, and 
returned by the way of the Illinois and Chicago Rivers to Lake Michigan. 

On his way up the Illinois, Marquette visited the great village of 
the Kaskaskias, near what is now Utica, in the county of LaSalle. The 
following year he returned and established among them the mission of 
the Immaculate Virgin Mary, which was the first Jesuit mission founded 
in Illinois and in the Mississippi Valley. The intervening winter he 
had spent in a hut which his companions erected on the Chicago River, a 
few leagues from its mouth. The founding of this mission was the last 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 91 

act of Marquette's life. He died in Michigan, on his way back to Green 
Bay, May 18, 1675. 

FIRST FRENCH OCCUPATION. 

The first French occupation of the territory now embraced in Illi- 
nois Avas effected by LaSalle in 1680, seven years after the time of Mar- 
quette and Joliet. LaSalle, having constructed a vessel, the " Griffin," 
above the falls of Niagara, which he sailed to Green Bay, and havings 
passed thence in canoes to the mouth of the St. Joseph River, by which 
and the Kankakee he reached the Illinois, in January, 1680, erected Fort 
Crevecceur^ at the lower end of Peoria Lake, where the city of Peoria is. 
now situated. The place where this ancient fort stood may still be seen 
just below the outlet of Peoria Lake. It was destined, however, to a 
temporary existence. From this point, LaSalle determined to descend 
the Mississippi to its mouth, but did not accomplish this purpose till two 
years later — in 1682. Returning to Fort Frontenac for the purpose of 
getting materials with which to rig his vessel, he left the fort in charge of 
Touti, his lieutenant, who during his absence was driven off by the Iro- 
quois Indians. These savages had made a raid upon the settlement of 
the Illinois, and had left nothing in their track but ruin and desolation. 
Mr. Davidson, in his History of Illinois, gives the following graphic 
account of the picture that met the eyes of LaSalle and his companions 
on their return : 

" At the great town of the Illinois they were appalled at the scene 
which opened to their view. No hunter appeared to break its death-like 
silence with a salutatory whoop ot welcome. The plain on which the 
town had stood was now strewn with charred fragments of lodges, which 
had so recently swarmed with savage life and hilarity. To render more 
hideous the picture of desolation, large numbers of skulls had been 
placed on the upper extremities of lodge-poles which had escaped the 
devouring flames. In the midst of these horrors was the rude fort of 
the spoilers, rendered frightful by the same ghastly relics. A near 
approach showed that the graves had been robbed of their bodies, and 
swarms of buzzards were discovered glutting their loathsome stomachs 
on the reeking corruption. To complete the work of destruction, the 
growing corn of the village had been cut down and burned, while the 
pits containing the products of previous years, had been rifled and their 
contents scattered with wanton waste. It was evident the suspected 
blow of the Iroquois had fallen with relentless fury." 

Tonti had escaped LaSalle knew not whither. Passing down the 
lake in search of him and his men, LaSalle discovered that the fort had 
been destroyed, but the vessel which he had partly constructed was still 



9J HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 

on the stocks, and but slightly injured. After further fruitless search, 
failing to find Tonti, he fastened to a tree a painting representing himself 
and party sitting in a canoe and bearing a pipe of peace, and to the paint- 
ing attached a letter addressed to Tonti. 

Tonti had escaped, and, after untold privations, taken shelter among 
the Pottawattamies near Green Bay. These were friendly to the French. 
One of their old chiefs used to say, " There were but three great cap- 
tains in the world, himself, Tonti and LaSalle." 

GENIUS OF LaSALLE. 

We must now return to LaSalle, whose exploits stand out in such 
bold relief. He was born in Rouen, France, in 1643. His father was 
wealthy, but he renounced his patrimony on entering a college of the 
Jesuits, from which he separated and came to Canada a poor man in 1666. 
The priests of St. Sulpice, among whom he had a brother, were then the 
proprietors of Montreal, the nucleus of which was a seminary or con- 
vent founded by that order. The Superior granted to LaSalle a large 
tract of land at LaChine, where he established himself in the fur trade. 
He was a man of daring genius, and outstripped all his competitors in 
exploits of travel and commerce with the Indians. In 1669, he visited 
the headquarters of the great Iroquois Confederacy, at Onondaga, in the 
heart of New York, and, obtaining guides, explored the Ohio River to 
the falls at Louisville. 

In order to understand the genius of LaSalle, it must be remembered 
that for many years prior to his time the missionaries and traders were 
obliged to make their way to the "Northwest by the Ottawa River (of 
Canada) on account of the fierce hostility of the Iroquois along the lower 
lakes and Niagara River, which entirely closed this latter route to the 
Upper Lakes. They carried on their commerce chiefly b}^ canoes, pad- 
dling them through the Ottawa to Lake Nipissing, carrying them across 
the portage to French River, and descending that to Lake Huron^ This 
being the route by which they reached the Northwest, accounts for the 
fact that all the earliest Jesuit missions were established in the neighbor- 
hood of the Upper Lakes. LaSalle conceived the grand idea of opening 
the route by Niagara River and the Lower Lakes to Canadian commerce 
by sail vessels, connecting it with the navigation of the Mississippi, and 
thus opening a magnificent water communication from the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico. This truly grand and comprehensive 
purpose seems to have animated him in all his wonderful achievements 
and the matchless difficulties and hardships he surmounted. As the first 
step in the accomplishment of this object he established himself on Lake 
Ontario, and built and garrisoned Fort Frontenac, the site of the present 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 93 

city of Kingston, Canada. Here he obtained a grant of land from the 
French crown and a body of troops by which he beat back the invading 
Iroquois and cleared the passage to Niagara Falls. Having by this mas- 
terly stroke made it safe to attempt a hitherto untried expedition, his 
next step, as we have seen, was to advance to the Falls with all his 
outfit for building a ship with which to sail the lakes. He was success- 
ful in this undertaking, though his ultimate purpose was defeated by a 
strange combination of untoward circumstances. The Jesuits evidently 
hated LaSalle and plotted against him, because he had abandoned them 
and co-operated with a rival order. The fur traders were also jealous of 
his superior success in opening new channels of commerce. At LaChine 
he had taken the trade of Lake Ontario, which but for his presence there 
would have gone to Quebec. While they were plodding with their barK 
canoes through the Ottawa he was constructing sailing vessels to com- 
mand the trade of the lakes and the Mississippi. These great plans 
excited the jealousy and envy of the small traders, introduced treason and 
revolt into the ranks of his own companions, and finally led to the foul 
assassination by which his great achievements were prematurely ended. 
In 1682, LaSalle, having completed his vessel at Peoria, descended 
the Mississippi to its confluence with the Gulf of Mexico. Erecting a 
standard on which he inscribed the arms of France, he took formal pos- 
session of the whole valley of the mighty river, in the name of Louis 
XIV., then reigning, in honor of whom he named the country Louisiana. 
LaSalle then went to France, was appointed Governor, and returned 
with a fleet and immigrants, for the purpose of planting a colony in Illi- 
nois. They arrived in due time in the Gulf of Mexico, but failing to 
find the mouth of the Mississippi, up which LaSalle intended to sail, his 
supply ship, with the immigrants, was driven ashore and wrecked on 
Matagorda Bay. With the fragments of the vessel he constructed a 
stockade and rude huts on the shore for the protection of the immigrants, 
calling the post Fort St. Louis. He then made a trip into New Mexico, 
in search of silver mines, but, meeting with disappointment, returned to 
find his little colony reduced to forty souls. He then resolved to travel 
on foot to Illinois, and, starting with his companions, had reached the 
valley of the Colorado, near the mouth of Trinity river, when he was 
shot by one of his men. This occurred on the 19th of March, 1687. 

Dr. J. W. Foster remarks of him : " Thus fell, not far from the banks 
of the Trinity, Robert Cavalier de la Salle, one of the grandest charac- 
ters that ever figured in American history — a man capable of originating 
the vastest schemes, and endowed with a will and a judgment capable of 
carrying them to successful results. Had ample facilities been placed by 
the King of France at his disposal, the result of the colonization of this 
continent misfht have been far different from what we now behold." 



94 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 



EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 

A temporary settlement was made at Fort St. Louis, or the old Kas- 
kaskia village, on the Illinois River, in what is now LaSalle County, in 
1682. In 1690, this was removed, with the mission connected with it, to 
Kaskaskia, on the river of that name, emptying into the lower Mississippi 
in St. Clair County. Cahokia was settled about the same time, or at 
least, both of these settlements began in the year 1690, though it is now 
pretty well settled that Cahokia is tiie older place, and ranks as the oldest 
permanent settlement in IllinoiH, as well as in the Mississippi Valley. 
The reason for the removal of the aid Kaskaskia settlement and mission, 
was probably because the dangerous and difficult route by Lake Michigan 
and the Chicago portage had beea almost abandoned, and travelers and 
traders passed down and up the Mississippi by the Fox and Wisconsin 
River route. They removed to the vicinity of the Mississippi in order 
to be in the line of travel from Canada to Louisiana, that is, the lower 
part of it, for it was all Louisiana then south of the lakes. 

During the period of French rule in Louisiana, the population prob- 
ably never exceeded ten thousand, including whites and blacks. Within 
that portion of it now included in Indiana, trading posts were established 
at the principal Miami villages which stood on the head waters of the 
Maumee, the Wea villages situated at Ouiatenon, on the Wabash, and 
the Piankeshaw villages at Post Vincennes ; all of which were probably 
visited by French traders and missionaries before the close of the seven- 
teenth century. 

In the vast territory claimed by the French, many settlements of 
considerable importance had sprung up. Biloxi, on Mobile Bay, had 
been founded by DTberville, in 1699 ; Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac had 
founded Detroit in 1701 ; and New Orleans had been founded by Bien- 
ville, under the auspices of the Mississippi Company, in 1718. In Illi- 
nois also, considerable settlements had been made, so that in 1730 they 
embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six hundred " con- 
verted Indians," and many traders and voj^ageurs. In that portion of the 
country, on the east side of the Mississippi, there were five distinct set- 
tlements, with their respective villages, viz. : Cahokia, near the mouth 
of Cahokia Creek and about five miles below the present city of St. 
Louis ; St. Philip, about forty-five miles below Cahokia, and four miles 
above Fort Chartres ; Fort Chartres, twelve miles above Kaskaskia ; 
Kaskaskia, situated on the Kaskaskia River, five miles above its conflu- 
ence with the Mississippi; and Prairie du Rocher, near Fort Chartres. 
To these must be added St. Genevieve and St. Louis, on tlie west side 
of the Mississippi. These, with the exception of St. Louis, are among 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 95 

the oldest French towns in the Mississippi Valley. Kaskaskia, in its best 
days, was a town of some two or three thousand inhabitants. After it 
passed from the crown of France its population for many years did not 
exceed fifteen hundred. Under British rule, in 1773, the population had 
decreased to four hundred and fifty. As early as 1721, the Jesuits had 
established a college and a monastery in Kaskaskia. 

Fort Chartres was first built under the direction of the Mississippi 
Company, in 1718, by M. de Boisbraint, a military officer, under command 
of Bienville. It stood on the east bank of the Mississippi, about eighteen 
miles below Kaskaskia, and was for some time the headquarters of the 
military commandants of the district of Illinois. 

In the Centennial Oration of Dr. Fowler, delivered at Philadelphia, 
by appointment of Gov. Beveridge, we find some interesting facts with 
regard to the State of Illinois, which we appropriate in this history: 

In 1682 Illinois became a possession of the French crown, a depend- 
ency of Canada, and a part of Louisiana. In 1765 the English flag was 
run up on old Fort Chartres, and Illinois was counted among the treas- 
ures of Great Britain. 

In 1779 it was taken from the English by Col. George Rogers Clark. 
This man was resolute in nature, wise in council, prudent in policy, bold 
in action, and heroic in danger. Few men who have figured in the his- 
tory of America are more deserving than this colonel. Nothing short of 
first-class ability could have rescued Vincens and all Illinois from the 
English. And it is not possible to over-estimate the influence of this 
achievement upon the republic. In 1779 Illinois became a part of Vir- 
ginia. It was soon known as Illinois County. In 1781 Virginia ceded 
all this territory to the general government, to be cut into States, to be 
republican in form, with " the same right of sovereignty, freedom, and 
independence as the other States." 

In 1787 it was the object of the wisest and ablest legislation found 
in any merely human records. No man can study the secret history of 

THE "COMPACT OF 1787," 

and not feel that Providence was guiding with sleepless eye these unborn 
States. The ordinance that on July 13, 1787, finally became the incor- 
porating act, has a most marvelous history. Jefferson had vainly tried 
to secure a system of government for the northwestern territory. He 
w^as an emancipationist of that day, and favored the exclusion of slavery 
from the territory Virginia had ceded to the general government; but 
the South voted him down as often as it came up. In 1787, as late as 
July 10, an organizing act without the anti-slavery clause was pending. 
This concession to the South was expected to carry it. Congress was in 



96 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 

session in New York City. On July 5, Rev. Dr. Manasseh Cutler, of 
Massachusetts, came into New York to lobby on the northwestern terri- 
tory. Everything seemed to fall into his hands. Events were ripe. 

The state of the public credit, the growing of Southern prejudice, 
the basis of his mission, his personal character, all combined to complete 
one of those sudden and marvelous revolutions of public sentiment that 
once in five or ten centuries are seen to sweep over a country like the 
breath of the Almighty. Cutler was a graduate of Yale — received his 
A.M. from Harvard, and his D.D. from Yale. He had studied and taken 
degrees in the three learned professions, medicine, law, and divinity. He 
had thus America's best indorsement. He had published a scientific 
examination of the plants of New England. His name stood second only 
to that of Franklin as a scientist in America. He was a courtly gentle- 
man of the old style, a man of commanding presence, and of inviting 
face. The Southern members said the}'" had never seen such a gentleman 
in the North. He came representing a compan}' that desired to purchase 
a tract of land now included in Ohio, for the purpose of planting a coloin-. 
It was a speculation. Government money was worth eighteen cents on 
the dollar. This Massachusetts company had collected enough to pur- 
chase 1,500,000 acres of land. Other speculators in New York made 
Dr. Cutler their agent (lobbyist). On the 12th he represented a demand 
for 5,500,000 acres. This would reduce the national debt. Jefferson 
and Virginia were regarded as authority concerning the land Virginia 
had just ceded. Jefferson's policy wanted to provide for the public credit, 
and this was a good opportunity to do something. 

Massachusetts then owned the territor}^ of Maine, which she was 
crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the northwestern 
region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The South caught the inspira- 
tion, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The English minister invited him to 
dine with some of the Southern gentlemen. He was the center of interest. 

The entire South rallied round him. Massachusetts could not vote 
against him, because many of the constituents of her members were 
interested personally in the western speculation. Thus Cutler, making 
friends with the South, and, doubtless, using all the arts of the lobby, 
was enabled to command the situation. True to deeper convictions, he 
dictated one of the most compact and finished documents of wise states- 
manship that has ever adorned any human law book. He borrowed from 
Jefferson the term " Articles of Compact," which, preceding tlie federal 
constitution, rose into the most sacred character. He then followed very 
closely the constitution of Massachusetts, adopted three years before. 
Its most marked points were : 

1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 

2. Provision for public schools, giving one township for a seminary, 



1 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 97 

and every section numbered 16 in each township ; that is, one-thirty-sixth 
of all the land, for public schools. 

3. A provision prohibiting the adoption of any constitution or the 
enactment of any law that should nullify pre-existing contracts. 

Be it forever remembered that this compact declared that " Religion, 
morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government and the 
happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall always 
be encouraged." 

Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platform and would not yield. 
Giving his unqualified declaration that it was that or nothing — that unless 
they could make the land desirable they did not want it — he took his 
horse and buggy, and started for the constitutional convention in Phila- 
delphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was 
unanimously adopted, every Southern member voting for it, and only one 
man, Mr. Yates, of New York, voting against it. But as the States voted 
as States, Yates lost his vote, and the compact was put beyond repeal. 

Thus the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wis- 
consin — a vast empire, the heart of the great valley — were consecrated 
to freedom, intelligence, and honesty. Thus the great heart of the nation 
was prepared for a year and a day and an hour. In the light of these eighty- 
nine years I affirm that this act was the salvation of the republic and the 
destruction of slavery. Soon the South saw their great blunder, and 
tried to repeal the compact. In 1803 Congress referred it to a committee 
of which John Randolph was chairman. He reported that this ordinance 
was a compact, and opposed repeal. Thus it stood a rock, in the way 
of the on-rushing sea of slavery. 

With all this timely aid it was, after all, a most desperate and pro- 
tracted struggle to keep the soil of Illinois sacred to freedom. It was 
the natural battle-field for the irrepressible conflict. In the southern end 
of the State slavery preceded the compact. It existed among the old 
French settlers, and was hard to eradicate. The southern part of the 
State was settled from the slave States, and this population brought their 
laws, customs, and institutions with them. A stream of population from 
the North poured into the northern part of the State. These sections 
misunderstood and hated each other perfectly. The Southerners regarded 
the Yankees as a skinning, tricky, penurious race of peddlers, filling the 
country with tinware, brass clocks, and wooden nutmegs. The North- 
erner thought of the Southerner as a lean, lank, lazy creature, burrowing 
in a hut, and rioting in whisky, dirt and ignorance. These causes aided 
in making the struggle long and bitter. So strong was the sympathy 
with slavery that, in spite of the ordinance of 1787, and in spite of the 
deed of cession, it was determined to allow the old French settlers to 
retain their slaves. Planters from the slave States might bring their 



98 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 

slaves, if they would give them a chance to choose freedom or years 
of service and bondage for their children till they should become 
thirty years of age. If they chose freedom they must leave the State 
in sixty days or be sold as fugitives. Servants were whipped for offenses 
for which white men are fined. Each lash paid forty cents of the fine. A 
negro ten miles from home without a pass was whipped. These famous 
laws were imported from the slave States just as they imported laws foi 
the inspection of flax and wool when there was neither in the State. 

These Black Laws are now wiped out. A vigorous effort was made 
to protect slavery in the State Constitution of 1817. It barely failed. 
It was renewed in 1825, when a convention was asked to make a new 
constitution. After a hard fight the convention was defeated. But 
slaves did not disappear from the census of the State until 1850. There 
were mobs and murders in the interest of slavery. Lovejoy was added 
to the list of martyrs — a sort of first-fruits of that long life of immortal 
heroes who saw freedom as the one supreme desire of their souls, and 
were so enamored of her that they preferred to die rather than survive her. 

The population of 12,282 that occupied the territory in A.D. 1800, 
increased to 45,000 in A.D. 1818, when the State Constitution was 
adopted, and Illinois took her place in the Union, with a star on the flag 
and two votes in the Senate. 

Shadrach Bond was the first Governor, and in his first message he 
recommended the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. 

The simple economy in those days is seen in the fact that the entire 
bill for stationery for the first Legislature was only $13.50. Yet this 
simple body actually enacted a very superior code. 

There was no money in the territory before the war of 1812. Deer 
skins and coon skins were the circulating medium. In 1821, the Legis- 
lature ordained a State Bank on the credit of the State. It issued notes 
in the likeness of bank bills. These notes were made a legal tender for 
every thing, and the bank was ordered to loan to the people $100 on per- 
sonal security, and more on mortgages. They actually passed a resolu- 
tion requesting the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to 
receive these notes for land. The old French Lieutenant Governor, Col. 
Menard, put the resolution as follows: " Gentlemen of the Senate : It is 
moved and seconded dat de notes of dis bank be made land-office money. 
All in favor of dat motion say aye ; all against it say no. It is decided 
in de affirmative. Now, gentlemen, I bet you one hundred dollar he 
never be land-office money ! " Hard sense, like hard money, is always 
above par. 

This old Frenchman presents a fine figure up against the dark back- 
ground of most of his nation. They made no progress. They clung to 
their earliest and simplest implements. They never wore hats or caps* 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS . 99 

They pulled their blankets over their heads in the winter like the Indians, 
with whom they freely intermingled. 

Demagogism had an early development. One John Grammar (only 
in name), elected to the Territorial and State Legislatures of 1816 and 
1836, invented the policy of opposing every new thing, saying, " If it 
succeeds, no one will ask who voted against it. If it proves a failure, he 
could quote its record." In sharp contrast with Grammar was the char- 
acter of D. P. Cook, after whom the county containing Chicago was 
named. Such was his transparent integrity and remarkable ability that 
his will was almost the law of the State. In Congress, a young man, 
and from a poor State, he was made Chairman of the Ways and Means 
Committee. He was pre-eminent for standing by his committee, regard- 
less of consequences. It was his integrity that elected John Quincy 
Adams to the Presidency. There were four candidates in 1821, Jackson, 
CLiy, Crawford, and Jolm Quincy Adams. There being no choice by the 
people, the election was thrown into tlie House. It was so balanced that 
it turned on his vote, and that he cast for Adams, electing him ; then 
went home to face the wratli of the Jackson party in Illinois. It cost 
liim all but character and greatness. It is a suggestive comment on the 
times, that there was no legal interest till 1830. It often reached 150 
per cent., usually 50 per cent. Then it was reduced to 12, and now to 
10 per cent. 

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE PRAIRIE STATE. 

In area the State has 55,410 square miles of territory. It is about 
150 miles wide and 400 miles long, stretching in latitude from Maine to 
North Carolina. It embraces wide variety of climate. It is tempered 
on the north by the great inland, saltless, tideless sea, which keeps the 
thermometer from either extreme. Being a table land, from 600 to 1,600 
feet above the level of the sea, one is prepared to find on the health 
maps, prepared by the general government, an almost clean and perfect 
record. In freedom from fever and malarial diseases and consumptions, 
the three deadly enemies of the American Saxon, Illinois, as a State, 
stands without a superior. She furnishes one of the essential conditions 
of a great people — sound bodies. I suspect that this fact lies back of 
that old Delaware word, Illini, superior men. 

The great battles of history that have been determinative of dynas- 
ties and destinies have been strategical battles, chiefly the question of 
position. Thermopylae has been the war-cry of freemen for twenty-four 
centuries. It only tells how much there may be in position. All this 
advantage belongs to Illinois. It is in the heart of the greatest valley in 
the world, the vast region between the mountains — a valley that could 



100 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. * 

feed mankind for one thousand years. It is well on toward the center of 
the continent. It is in the great temperate belt, in which have been 
found nearly all the aggressive civilizations of history. It has sixty-five 
miles of frontage on the head of the lake. With the Mississippi forming 
the western and southern boundary, with the Ohio running along the 
southeastern line, with the Illinois River and Canal dividing the State 
diagonally from the lake to the Lower Mississippi, and with the Rock and 
Wabash Rivers furnishing altogether 2,000 miles of water-front, con- 
necting with, and running through, in all about 12,000 miles of navi- 
gable water. 

But this is not all. These waters are made most available by the 
fact that the lake and the State lie on the ridge running into the great 
valley from the east. Within cannon-shot of the lake the water runs 
away from the lake to the Gulf. The lake now empties at both ends, 
one into the Atlantic and one into the Gulf of Mexico. The lake thus 
seems to hang over the land. This makes the dockage most serviceable ; 
there are no steep banks to damage it. Both lake and river are made 
for use. 

The climate varies from Portland to Richmond ; it favors every pro- 
duct of the continent, including the tropics, with less than half a dozen 
exceptions. It produces every great nutriment of the world except ban- 
anas and rice. It is hardly too much to say that it is the most productive 
spot known to civilization. With the soil full of bread and the earth full 
of minerals ; with an upper surface of food and an under layer of fuel ; 
with perfect natural drainage, and abundant springs and streams and 
navigable rivers ; half way between the forests of the North and the fruits 
of the South ; within a day's ride of the great deposits of iron, coal, cop- 
per, lead, and zinc ; containing and controlling the great grain, cattle, 
pork, and lumber markets of the world, it is not strange that Illinois has 
the advantage of position. 

This advantage has been supplemented by the character of the popu- 
lation. In the early days when Illinois was first admitted to the Union, 
her population were chiefly from Kentucky and Virginia. But, in the 
conflict of ideas concerning slavery, a strong tide of emigration came in 
from the East, and soon changed this composition. In 1870 her non- 
native population were from colder soils. New York furnished 133,290 ; 
Ohio gave 162,623; Pennsylvania sent on 98,352; the entire South gave 
us only 206,734. In all her cities, and in all her German and Scandina- 
vian and other foreign colonies, Illinois has only about one-fifth of her 
people of foreign birth. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. IQl 



PROGRESS OF DEVELOPMENT. 

One of the greatest elements in the early development of Illinois is 
the I'llinois and Michigan Canal, connecting the Illinois and Mississippi 
Rivers with the lakes. It was of the utmost importance to the State. 
It was recommended by Gov. Bond, the first governor, in his first message. 
In 1821, the Legislature appropriated $10,000 for surveying the route. 
Two bright young engineers surveyed it, and estimated the cost at 
$600,000 or 1700,000. It finally cost $8,000,000. In 1825, a law was 
passed to incorporate the Canal Company, but no stock was sold. In 
1826, upon the solicitation of Cook, Congress gave 800,000 acres of land 
on the line of the work. In 1828, another law — commissioners appointed, 
and work commenced with new survey and new estimates. In 1834-35, 
George Farquhar made an able report on the whole matter. This was, 
doubtless, the ablest report ever made to a western legislature, and it 
became the model for subsequent reports and action. From this the 
work went on till it was finished in 1848. It cost the State a large 
amount of money ; but it gave to the industries of the State an impetus 
that pushed it up into the first rank of greatness. It was not built as a 
speculation any more than a doctor is employed on a speculation. But 
it has paid into the Treasary of the State an average annual net sum of 
over $111,000. 

Pending the construction of the canal, the land and town-lot fevei 
broke out in the State, in 1834-35. It took on the malignant type in 
Chicago, lifting the town up into a city. The disease spread over the 
entire State and adjoining States. It was epidemic. It cut up men's 
farms without regard to locality, and Jut up the purses of the purchasers 
without regard to consequences. It is estimated that building lots enough 
were sold in Indiana alone to accomixiodate every citizen then in the 
United States. 

Towns and cities were exported to the Eastern market by the ship- 
load. There was no lack of buyers. Every up-ship came freighted with 
speculators and their money. 

This distemper seized upon the Legislature in 1836-37, and left not 
one to tell the tale. • They enacted a system of internal improvement 
without a parallel in the grandeur of its conception. They ordered the 
construction of 1,300 miles of railroad, crossing the State in all direc- 
tions. This was surpassed by the river and canal improvements. 
There were a few counties not touched by either railroad or river or 
canal, and those were to be comforted and compensated by the free dis- 
tribution of $200,000 among them. To inflate this balloon beyond cre- 
dence it was ordered that work should be commenced on both ejids of 



102 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 

each of these railroads and rivers, and at each river-crossing, all at the 
same time. The appropriations for these vast improvements were over 
$12,000,000, and commissioners were appointed to borrow the money on 
the credit of the State. Remember that all this was in tlie early days of 
railroading, when railroads were luxuries ; that the State had whole 
counties with scarcely a cabin ; and that the population of the State was 
less than 400,000, and you can form some idea of the vigor with which 
these brave men undertook the work of making a great State. In the 
light of history I am compelled to say that this was only a premature 
throb of the power that actually slumbered in the soil of the State. It 
was Hercules in the cradle. 

At this juncture the State Bank loaned its funds largely to Godfrey 
Oilman & Co., and to other leading houses, for the purpose of drawing 
trade from St. Louis to Alton. Soon they failed, and took down the 
bank with them. 

In 1840, all hope seemed gone. A population of 480,000 were loaded 
with a debt of $14,000,000. It had only six small cities, really only 
towns, namely : Chicago, Alton, Springfield, Quincy, Galena, Nauvoo. 
This debt was to be cared for when there was not a dollar in the treas- 
ury, and when the State had borrowed itself out of all credit, and when 
there was not good money enough in the hands of all the people to pay 
the interest of the debt for a single year. Yet, in the presence of all 
these difficulties, the young State steadily refused to repudiate. Gov. 
Ford took hold of the problem and solved it, bringing the State through 
in triumph. 

Having touched lightly upon some of the more distinctive points in 
the history of the development of Illinois, let us next briefly consider the 

MATERIAL RESOURCES OF THE STATE. 

It is a garden four hundred miles long and one hundred and fifty 
miles wide. Its soil is chiefly a black sandy loam, from six inches to 
sixty feet thick. On the American bottoms it has been cultivated for 
one hundred and fifty years without renewal. About the old French 
towns it has yielded corn for a century and a half without rest or help. 
It produces nearly everything green in the temperate and tropical zones. 
She leads all other States in the number of acres actually under plow. 
Her products from 25,000,000 of acres are incalculable. Her mineral 
wealth is scarcely second to her agricultural power. She has coal, iron, 
lead, copper, zinc, many varieties of building stone, fire clay, cuma clay, 
common brick clay, sand of all kinds, gravel, mineral paint — every thing 
needed for a high civilization. Left to herself, she has the elements of 
all greatness. The single item of coal is too vast for an appreciative 



' 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 103 

handling in figures. We can handle it in general terms like algebraical 
signs, but long before we get up into the millions and billions the human 
mind drops down from comprehension to mere symbolic apprehension. 

When I tell you that nearly four-fifths of the entire State is under- 
laid with a deposit of coal more than forty feet thick on the average (now 
estimated, by recent surveys, at seventy feet thick), you can get some 
idea of its amount, as you do of the amount of the national debt. There 
it is ! 41,000 square miles — one vast mine into which you could put 
any of the States ; in which you could bury scores of European and 
ancient empires, and have room enough all round to work without know- 
ing that they had been sepulchered there. 

Put this vast coal-bed down by the other great coal deposits of the 
world, and its importance becomes manifest. Great Britain has 12,000 
square miles of coal; Spain, 3,000; France, 1,719 ; Belgium, 578 ; Illinois 
about twice as many square miles as all combined. Virginia has 20,000 
square miles ; Pennsylvania, 16,000 ; Ohio, 12,000. Illinois has 41,000 
square miles. One-seventh of all the known coal on this continent is in 
Illinois. 

Could we sell the coal in this single State for one-seventh of one cent 
a ton it would pay the national debt. Converted into power, even with 
the wastage in our common engines, it would do more work than could 
be done by the entire race, beginning at Adam's wedding and working 
ten hours a day through all the centuries till the present time, and right 
on into the future at the same rate for the next 600,000 years. 

Great Britain uses enough mechanical power to-day to give to each 
man, woman, and child in the kingdom the help and service of nineteen 
untiring servants. No wonder she has leisure and luxuries. No wonder 
the home of the common artisan has in it more luxuries than could be 
found in the palace of good old King Arthur. Think, if you can conceive 
of it, of the vast army of servants that slumber in the soil of Illinois, 
impatiently awaiting the call of Genius to come forth to minister to our 
comfort. 

At the present rate of consumption England's coal supply will be 
exhausted in 250 years. When this is gone she must transfer her dominion 
either to the Indies, or to British America, which I would not resist ; or 
to some other people, which I would regret as a loss to civilization. 

COAL IS KING. 

At the same rate of consumption (which far exceeds our own) the 
deposit of coal in Illinois will last 120,000 years. And her kingdom shall 
be an everlasting kingdom. 

Let us turn now from this reserve power to the annual products of 



104 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 

the State. We shall not be humiliated in this field. Here we strike the 
secret of our national credit. Nature provides a market in the constant 
appetite of the race. Men must eat, and if we can furnish the provisions 
we can command the treasure. All that a man hath will he give for his 
Hfe. 

According to the last census Illinois produced 80,000,000 of bushels 
of wheat. That is more wheat than was raised by any other State in the 
Union. She raised In 1875, 130,000,000 of bushels of corn — twice as 
much as any other State, and one-sixth of all the corn raised in the United 
States. She harvested 2,747,000 tons of hay, nearly one-tenth of all the 
hay in the Republic. It is not generally appreciated, but it is true, that 
the hay crop of the country is worth more than the cotton crop. The 
hay of Illinois equals the cotton of Louisiana. Go to Charleston, S. C, 
and see them peddling handfuls of hay or grass, almost as a curiosity, 
as we regard Chinese gods or the cryolite of Greenland ; drink your 
coffee and condensed tnilk ; and walk back from the coast for many a 
league through the sand and burs till you get up into the better atmos- 
phere of the mountains, without seeing a waving meadow or a grazing 
herd ; then you will begin to appreciate the meadows of the Prairie State, 
where the grass often grows sixteen feet high. 

The value of her farm implements is $211,000,000, and the value of 
her live stock is only second to the great State of New York. in 1875 
she had 25,000,000 hogs, and packed 2,113,845, about one-half of all that 
were packed in the United States. This is no insignificant item. Pork 
is a growing demand of the old world. Since the laborers of Europe 
have gotten a taste of our bacon, and we have learned how to pack it dry 
in boxes, like dry goods, the world has become the market. 

The hog is on the march into the future. His nose is ordained to 
uncover the secrets of dominion, and his feet shall be guided by the star 
of empire. 

Illinois marketed $57,000,000 worth of slaughtered animals — more 
than any other State, and a seventh of all the States. 

Be patient with me, and pardon my pride, and I will give you a list 
of some of the things in which Illinois excels all other States. 

Depth and richness of soil ; per cent, of good ground ; acres of 
improved land ; large farms — some farms contain from 40,000 to 60,000 
acres of cultivated land, 40,000 acres of corn on a single farm ; number of 
farmers ; amount of wheat, corn, oats and honey produced ; value of ani- 
mals for slaughter ; number of hogs ; amount of pork ; number of horses 
— three times as many as Kentucky, the horse State. 

Illinois excels all other States in miles of railroads and in miles of 
postal service, and in money orders sold per annum, and in the amount of 
lumber sold in her markets. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 105 

Illinois is only second in many important matters. This sample list 
comprises a few of the more important : Permanent school fund (good 
for a young state) ; total income for educational purposes ; number of pub- 
lishers of books, maps, papers, etc.; value of farm products and imple- 
ments, and of live stock ; in tons of coal mined. 

The shipping of Illinois is only second to New York. Out of one 
port during the business hours of the season of navigation she sends forth 
a vessel every ten minutes. This does not include canal boats, which go 
one every five minutes. No wonder she is only second in number of 
bankers and brokers or in physicians and surgeons. 

She is third in colleges, teachers and schools ; cattle, lead, hay, 
flax, sorghum and beeswax. 

She is fourth in population, in children enrolled in public schools, in 
law schools, in butter, potatoes and carriages. 

She is fifth in value of real and personal property, in theological 
seminaries and colleges exclusively for women, in milk sold, and in boots 
and shoes manufactured, and in book-binding. 

She is only seventh in the production of wood, while she is the 
twelfth in area. Surely that is well done for the Prairie State. She now 
has much more wood and growing timber than she had thirty years ago. 

A few leading industries will justify emphasis. She manufactures 
$205,000,000 worth of goods, which places her well up toward New York 
and Pennsylvania. The number of her manufacturing establishments 
increased from 1860 to 1870, 300 per cent.; capital employed increased 350 
per cent,, and the amount of product increased 400 per cent. She issued 
5,500,000 copies of commercial and financial newspapers — only second to 
New York. She has 6,759 miles of railroad, thus leading all other States, 
worth $636,458,000, using 3,245 engines, and 67,712 cars, making a train 
loner enousfh to cover one-tenth of the entire roads of the State. Her 
stations are only five miles apart. She carried last year 15,795,000 passen- 
gers, an average of 36^ miles, or equal to taking her entire population twice 
across the State. More than two-thirds of her land is within five miles of 
a railroad, and less than two per cent, is more than fifteen miles away. 

The State has a large financial interest in the Illinois Central railroad. 
The road was incorporated in 1850, and the State gave each alternate sec- 
tion for six miles on each side, and doubled the price of the remaining 
land, so keeping herself good. The road received 2,595,000 acres of land, 
and pays to the State one-seventh of the gross receipts. The State 
receives this year $350,000, and has received in all about $7,000,000. It 
is practically the people's road, and it has a most able and gentlemanly 
management. Add to this the annual receipts from the canal, $111,000, 
and a large per cent, of the State tax is provided for. 



106 flISTOKY OF THE STATE OF IT^LINOiS. 



THE RELIGION AND MORALS 

of the State keep step with her productions and growth. She was born 
of the missionary spirit. It was a minister who secured for her the ordi- 
nance of 1787, by which she has been saved from slavery, ignorance, and 
dishonesty. Rev. Mr. Wiley, pastor of a Scotch congregation in Randolph 
County, petitioned the Constitutional Convention of 1818 to recognize 
Jesus Christ as king, and the Scriptures as the only necessary guide and 
book of law. The convention did not act in the case, and the old Cove- 
nanters refused to accept citizenship. They never voted until 1824, when 
the slavery question was submitted to the people; then they all voted 
against it and cast the determining votes. Conscience has predominated 
whenever a great moral question has been submitted to the people. 

But little mob violence has ever been felt in the State. In 1817 
regulators disposed of a band of horse-thieves that infested the territory. 
The Mormon indignities finally awoke the same spirit. Alton was also 
the scene of a pro-slavery mob, in which Lovejoy was added to the list of 
martyrs. The moral sense of the people makes the law supreme, and gives 
to the State unruffled peace. 

With f 22,300, 000 in church property, and 4,298 church organizations, 
the State has that divine police, the sleepless patrol of moral ideas, that 
alone is able to secure perfect safety. Conscience takes the knife from 
the assassin's hand and the bludgeon from the grasp of the highwayman. 
We sleep in safety, not because we are behind bolts and bars — these only 
fence against the innocent ; not because a lone officer drowses on a distant 
corner of a street; not because a sheriff maj^ call his posse from a remote 
part of the county ; but because conscience guards the very portals of the 
air and stirs in the deepest recesses of the public mind. This spirit issues 
within the State 9,500,000 copies of religious papers annually, and receives 
still more from without. Thus the crime of the State is only one-fourth 
that of New York and one-half that of Penns3'lvania. 

Illinois never had but one duel between her own citizens. In Belle- 
ville, in 1820, Alphonso Stewart and William Bennett arranged to vindi- 
cate injured honor. The seconds agreed to make it a sham, and make 
them shoot blanks. Stewart was in the secret. Bennett mistrusted some- 
thing, and, unobserved, slipped a bullet into his gun and killed Stewart. 
He then fled the State. After two years he was caught, tried, convicted, 
and, in spite of friends and political aid, was hung. This fixed the code 
of honor on a Christian basis, and terminated its use in Illinois. 

The early preachers were ignorant men, who were accounted eloquent 
according to the strength of their voices. But they set the style for all 
public speakers. Lawyers and political speakers followed this rule. Gov. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, lOT 

Ford says: "Nevertheless, tliese first preachers were of incalculable 
benefit to the country. They inculcated justice and morality. To them 
are we indebted for the first Christian character of the Protestant portion 
of the people." 

In education Illinois surpasses her material resources. The ordinance 
of 1787 consecrated one thirty-sixth of her soil to common schools, and 
the law of 1818, the first law that went upon her statutes, gave three per 
cent, of all the rest to 

EDUCATION. 

The old compact secures this interest forever, and by its yoking 
morality and intelligence it precludes the legal interference with the Bible 
in the public schools. With such a start it is natural that we should have 
11,050 schools, and that our illiteracy should be less than New York or 
Pennsylvania, and only about one-half of Massachusetts. We are not to 
blame for not having more than one-half as many idiots as the great 
States. These public schools soon made colleges inevitable. The first 
college, still flourishing, was started in Lebanon in 1828, by the M. E. 
church, and named after Bishop McKendree. Illinois College, at Jackson- 
ville, supported by the Presbyterians, followed in 1830. In 1832 the Bap- 
tists built Shurtleff College, at Alton. Then the Presbyterians built Knox 
College, at Galesburg, in 1838, and the Episcopalians built Jubilee College^ 
at Peoria, in 1847. After these early years colleges have rained down. 
A settler could hardly encamp on the prairie but a college would spring 
up by his wagon. The State now has one very well endowed and equipped 
university, namely, the Northwestern University, at Evanston, with six 
colleges, ninety instructors, over 1,000 students, and $1,500,000 endow- 
ment. 

Rev. J. M. Peck was the first educated Protestant minister in tne 
State. He settled at Rock Spring, in St. Clair County, 1820, and left his 
impress on the State. Before 1837 only party papers were published, but 
Mr. Peck published a Gazetteer of Illinois. Soon after John Russell, of 
Bluffdale, published essays and tales showing genius. Judge James Hall 
published The Illinois Monthly Magazine with great ability, and an annual 
called The Western Souvenir^ which gave him an enviable fame all over the 
United States. From these beginnings Illinois has gone on till she has 
more volumes in public libaaries even than Massachusetts, and of the 
44,500,000 volumes in all the public libraries of the United States, she 
has one-thirteenth. In newspapers she stands fourth. Her increase is 
marvelous. In 1850 she issued 5,000,000 copies ; in 1860, 27,590,000 ; in 
1870, 113,140,000. In 1860 she had eighteen colleges and seminaries ; io 
1870 she had eighty. That is a grand advance for the war decade. 

This brings us to a record unsurpassed in the history of any age, 



THE STATE OF IOWA. 



GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. 

The State of Iowa has an outline figure nearly approaching that of a rec- 
tangular parallelogram, the northern and southern boundaries being nearly due 
east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries determined by 
southerly flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east, and the Missouri, together 
with its tributary, the Big Sioux, on the west. The northern boundary is upon 
the parallel of forty-three degrees thirty minutes, and the southern is approxi- 
mately upon that of forty degrees and thirty-six minutes. The distance from 
the northern to the southern boundary, excluding the small prominent angle at 
the southeast corner, is a little more than two hundred miles. Owing to the 
irregularity of the river boundaries, however, the number of square miles does 
not reach that of the multiple of these numbers ; but according to a report of 
the Secretary of the Treasury to the United States Senate, March 12, 1863, 
the State of Iowa contains 35,228,200 acres, or 55,044 square miles. When it 
is understood that all this vast extent of surface, except that which is occupied 
by our rivers, lakes and peat beds of the northern counties, is susceptible of the 
highest cultivation, some idea may be formed of the immense agricultural 
resources of the State. Iowa is nearly as large as England, and twice as large 
as Scotland ; but when we consider the relative area of surface which may be 
made to yield to the wants of man, those countries of the Old World will bear 
no comparison with Iowa. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

No complete topographical survey of the State of Iowa has yet been made. 
Therefore all the knowledge we have yet upon the subject has been obtained 
from incidental observations of geological corps, from barometrical observations 
by authority of the General Government, and levelings done by railroad en- 
gineer corps within the State. 

Taking into view the facts that the highest point in the State is but a little 
more than twelve hundred feet above the lowest point, that these two points are 
nearly three hundred miles apart, and that the whole State is traversed by 

109 



110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gently flowing rivers, it will be seen that in reality the State of Iowa rests 
wholly within, and comprises a part of, a vast plain, with no mountain or hill 
ranges within its borders. 

A clearer idea of the great uniformity of the surface of the State may be 
obtained from a statement of the general slopes in feet per mile, from point to 
point, in straight lines across it : 

From the N. E. corner to the S. E. corner of the State 1 foot 1 inch per mile. 

From the N. E. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet 5 inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to the S. W. corner of the State 2 feet inches per mile. 

From the S. W. corner to the highest ridge between the two 

great rivers (in Ringgold County) 4 feet 1 inch per mile 

From the dividing ridge in the S. E. corner of the State 5 feet 7 inches per mile. 

From the highest point in the State (near Spirit Lake) to the 
lowest point in the State (at the mouth of Des Moines 
River) 4 feet inches per mile. 

It will be seen, therefore, that there is a good degree of propriety in regard- 
ing the whole State as a part of a great plain, the lowest point of which within 
its borders, the southeast corner of the State, is only 444 feet above the level of 
the sea. The average height of the whole State above the level of the sea is 
not far from eight hundred feet, although it is more than a thousand miles 
inland from the nearest sea coast. These remarks are, of course, to be under- 
stood as applying to the surface of the State as a whole. When we come to 
consider its surface feature in detail, we find a great diversity of surface by the 
formation of valleys out of the general level, which have been evolved by the 
action of streams during the unnumbered years of the terrace epoch. 

It is in the northeastern part of the State that the river valleys are deepest ; 
consequently the country there has the greatest diversity of surface, and its 
physical features are most strongly marked. 

DRAINAGE SYSTEM. 

The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers form the eastern and western bounda- 
ries of the State, and receive the eastern and western drainage of it. 

The eastern drainage system comprises not far from two-thirds of the en- 
tire surface of the State. The great watershed which divides these two systems 
is formed by the highest land between those rivers along the whole length of a 
line running southward from a point on the northern boundary line of the State 
near Spirit Lake, in Dickinson County, to a nearly central point in the northern 
part of Adair County. 

From the last named point, this highest ridge of land, between the two great 
rivers, continues southward, without change of character, through Ringgold 
County into the State of Missouri ; but southward from that point, in Adair 
County, it is no longer the great watershed. From that point, another and 
lower ridge bears off more nearly southeastward, through the counties of Madi- 
son, Clarke, Lucas and Appanoose, and becomes itself the great watershed. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill 

RIVERS. 

All Streams that rise in Iowa rise upon the incoherent surface deposits, 
occupying at first only slight depressions in the surface, and scarcely percept- 
ible. These successively coalesce to form the streams. 

The drift and bluif deposits are both so thick in Iowa that its streams not 
only rise upon their surface, but they also reach considerable depth into these 
deposits alone, in some cases to a depth of nearly two hundred feet from the 
general prairie level. 

The majority of streams that constitute the western system of Iowa drainage 
run, either along the whole or a part of their course, upon that peculir deposit 
known as bluff deposit. Their banks are often, even of the small streams, 
from five to ten feet in height, quite perpendicular, so that they make the 
streams almost everywhere unfordable, and a great impediment to travel across 
the open country where there are no bridges. 

The material of this deposit is of a slightly yellowish ash color, except 
where darkened by decaying vegetation, very fine and silicious, but not sandv, 
not very cohesive, and not at all plastic. It forms excellent soil, and does not 
bake or crack in drying, except limy concretions, which are generally dis- 
tributed throughout the mass, in shape and size resembling pebbles ; not a 
stone or pebble can be found in the whole deposit. It was called " silicious 
marl" by Dr. Owen, in his geological report to the General Government, and 
its origin referred to an accumulation of sediment in an ancient lake, which 
was afterward drained, when its sediment became dry land. Prof Swallaw 
gives it the name of "bluff," which is here adopted; the term Lacustral would 
have been better. The peculiar properties of this deposit are that it will stand 
securely with a precipitous front two hundred feet high, and yet is easily 
excavated with a spade. Wells dug in it require only to be walled to a point just 
above the water line. Yet, compact as it is, it is very porous, so that water 
which falls on its surface does not remain, but percolates through it; neither 
does it accumulate within its mass, as it does upon the surface of and within 
the drift and the stratified formations. 

The bluff deposit is known to occupy a region through which the Missouri 
runs almost centrally, and measures, as far as is known, more than two hun- 
dred miles in length and nearly one hundred miles in width. The thickest 
part yet known in Iowa is in Fremont County, where it reaches two hundred 
feet. The boundaries of this deposit in Iowa are nearly as follows : Com- 
mencing at the southeast corner of Fremont County, follow up the watershed 
between the East Nishnabotany and the West Tarkio Rivers to the southern 
boundary of Cass County ; thence to the center of Audubon County ; thence 
to Tip Top Station, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway ; thence by a 
broad curve westward to the northwest corner of Plymouth County. 

This deposit is composed of fine sedimentary particles, similar to t.at 
which the Missouri River now deposits from its waters, and is the same which 



112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

that river did deposit in a broad depression in the surface of the drift that 
formed a lake-like expansion of that river in the earliest period of the history 
of its valley. That lake, as shown by its deposit, which now remains, was 
about one hundred miles wide and more than twice as long. The water of the 
river was muddy then, as now, and the broad lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment which the river brought down, before its valley had enough in the lower 
portion of its course to drain it. After the lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment, the valley below became deepened by the constant erosive action of the 
waters, to a depth of more than sufiicient to have drained the lake of its first 
waters ; but the only effect then was to cause it to cut its valley out of the de- 
posits its own muddy waters had formed. Thus along the valley of that river, 
so far as it forms the western boundary of Iowa, the bluffs which border it are 
composed of that sediment known as bluff deposit, forming a distinct border 
along the broad, level flood plain, the width of which varies from five to fifteen 
miles, while the original sedimentary deposit stretches far inland. 

All the rivers of the western system of drainage, except the Missouri itself, 
are quite incomplete as rivers, in consequence of their being really only 
branches of other larger tributaries of that great river , or, if they empty into 
the Missouri direct, they have yet all the usual characteristics of Iowa rivers, 
from their sources to their mouths. 

Chariton and Grand Rivers both rise and run for the first twenty-five miles 
of their courses upon the drift deposit alone. The first strata that are exposed 
by the deepening valleys of both these streams belong to the upper coal meas- 
ures, and they both continue upon the same formation until they make their 
exit from the State (the former in Appanoose County, the latter in Ringgold 
County), near the boundary of which they have passed nearly or quite through 
the whole of that formation to the middle coal measures. Their valleys gradu- 
ally deepen from their upper portions downward, so that within fifteen or twenty 
miles they have reached a depth of near a hundred and fifty feet below the gen- 
eral level of the adjacent high land. When the rivers have cut their valleys 
down through the series of limestone strata, they reach those of a clayey com- 
position. Upon these they widen their valleys and make broad flood plains 
(commonly termed "bottoms "), the soil of which is stiff and clayey, except 
where modified by sandy washings. 

A considerable breadth of woodland occupies the bottoms and valley sides 
along a great part of their length ; but their upper branches and tributaries are 
mostly prairie streams. 

Platte River. — This river belongs mainly to Missouri. Its upper branches 
pass through Ringgold County, and, with the west fork of the Grand River, 
drain a large region of country. 

Here the drift deposit reaches its maximum thickness on an east and west 
line across the State, and the valleys are eroded in some instances to a depth of 
two hundred feet, apparently, through this deposit alone. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 113 

The term " drift cleiDOsit " applies to the soil and sub-soil of the greater part 
of the State, and in it alone many of our wells are dug and our forests take 
root. It rests upon the stratified rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel 
aud boulders, promiscuously intermixed, without stratification, varying in char- 
acter in difiierent parts of the State. 

The proportion of lime in the drift of Iowa is so great that the water of all 
our wells and springs is too ''• hard " for washing purposes ; and the same sub- 
stance is so prevalent in the drift clays that they are always found to have suffi- 
cient flux when used for the manufacture of brick. 

One Hundred and Two River is represented in Taylor County, the valleys 
of which have the same general character of those just described. The country 
around and between the east and west forks of this stream is almost entirely 
prairie. 

Nodaway River. — This stream, is represented by east, middle and west 
branches. The two former rise in Adair County, the latter in Cass County. 
These rivers and valleys are fine examples of the small rivers and valleys of 
Southern Iowa. They have the general character of drift valleys, and with 
beautiful undulating and sloping sides. The Nodaways drain one of the finest 
agricultural regions in the State, the soil of which is tillable almost to their very 
banks. The banks and the adjacent narrow flood plains are almost everywhere 
composed of a rich, deep, dark loam. 

Nishiahotany River. — This river is represented by east and west branches, 
the former having its source in Anderson County, the latter in Shelby County. 
Both these branches, from their source to their confluence — and also the main 
stream, from thence to the point where it enters the great flood plain of the 
Missouri — run through a region the surface of which is occupied by the bluff 
deposit. The West Nishnabotany is probably without any valuable mill sites. 
In the western part of Cass County, the East Nishnabotany loses its identity 
by becoming abruptly divided up into five or six different creeks. A few 
good mill sites occur here on this stream. None, however, that are thought 
reliable exist on either of these rivers, or on the main stream below the 
confluence, except, perhaps, one or two in Montgomery County. The 
valleys of the two branches, and the intervening upland, possess remarkable 
fertility. 

Boyer River. — Until it enters the flood plain of the Missouri, the Boyer 
runs almost, if not quite, its entire course through the region occupied by the 
bluff" deposit, and has cut its valley entirely through it along most of its pas- 
sage. The only rocks exposed are the upper coal measures, near Reed's mill, in 
Harrison County. The exposures are slight, and are the most northerly now 
known in Iowa. The valley of this river has usually gently sloping sides, and an 
ndistinctly defined flood plain. Along the lower half of its course the adjacent 
upland presents a surface of the billowy character, peculiar to the bluff" deposit. 
The source of this river is in Sac County. 



114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



\ 



Soldier River, — The east and middle bi'anclies of this stream have their 
source in Crawford County, and the west branch in Ida County. The whole 
course of this river is through the bluff deposit. It has no exposure of strata 
alons its course. 

Little Sioux River. — Under this head are included both the main and west 
branches of that stream, together with the Maple, which is one of its branches. 
The west branch and the Maple are so similar to the Soldier River that they 
need no separate description. The main stream has its boundary near the 
northern boundary of the State, and runs most of its course upon drift deposit 
alone, entering the region of the bluff deposit in the southern part of Cherokee 
County. The two principal upper branches, near their source in Dickinson 
and Osceola .Counties, are small prairie creeks, with indistinct valleys. On 
entering Clay County, the valley deepens, and at their confluence has a depth 
of one hundred feet, which still further increases until along the boundary line 
between Clay and Buena Vista Counties, it reaches a depth of two hundred 
feet. Just as the valley enters Cherokee County, it turns to the southward and 
becomes much widened, with its sides gently sloping to the uplands. When the 
valley enters the region of the bluff deposit, it assumes the billowy appearance. 
No exposures of strata of any kind have been found in the valley of the Little 
Sioux or any of its branches. 

Floyd River. — This river rises upon the drift in O'Brien County, and flow- 
ing southward enters the region of the bluff deposit a little north of the center 
of Plymouth County. Almost from its source to its mouth it is a prairie stream, 
with slightly sloping valley sides, which blend gradually with the uplands. A 
single slight exposure of sandstone of cretaceous age occurs in the valley near 
Sioux City, and which is the only known exposure of rock of any kind along 
its whole length. Near this exposure is a mill site, but farther up the stream 
it is not valuable for such purposes. 

Rock River. — This stream passes through Lyon and Sioux Counties. It 
was evidently so named from the flict that considerable exposures of the red 
Sioux quartzite occur along the main branches of the stream in Minnesota, a 
few miles north of our State boundary. Within this State the main stream and 
its branches are drift streams, and strata are exposed. The beds and banks of 
the streams are usually sandy and gravelly, with occasional boulders intermixed. 

Big Sioux River. — The valley of this river, from the nortliwest corner of 
the State to its mouth, possesses much the same character as all the streams of 
the surface deposits. At Sioux Falls, a few miles above the northwest corner 
of the State, the stream meets with remarkable obstructions from the presence 
of Sioux quartzite, which outcrops directly across the stream, and causes a fall 
of about sixty feet within a distance of half a mile, producing a series of cas- 
cades. For the first twenty-five miles above its mouth, the valley is very broad, 
with a broad, flat flood plain, with gentle slopes occasionally showing indistinctly 
defined terraces. These terraces and valley bottoms constitute some of the finest 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 115 

agricultural land of the region. On the Iowa side of the valley the upland 
presents abrupt bluifs, steep as the materials of which they are composed will 
stand, and from one hundred to nearly two hundred feet high above the stream. 
At rare intervals, about fifteen miles from its mouth, the cretaceous strata are 
found exposed in the flice of the bluffs of the Iowa side. No other strata are 
exposed along that part of the valley which borders our State, with the single 
exception of Sioux quartzite at its extreme northwestern corner. Some good mill 
sites may be secured along that portion of this river which borders Lyon County, 
but below this the fall will probably be found insufficient and the location for 
dams insecure. 

Missouri River. — This is one of the muddiest streams on the globe, and its 
waters are known to be very turbid far toward its source. The chief pecul- 
iarity of this river is its broad flood plains, and its adjacent bluff deposits. 
Much the greater part of the flood plain of this river is upon the Iowa side, and 
continuous from the south boundary line of the State to Sioux City, a distance 
of more than one hundred miles in length, varying from three to five miles in 
width. This alluvial plain is estimated to contain more than half a million acres 
of land within the State, upward of four hundred thousand of which are now 
tillable. 

The rivers of the eastern system of drainage have quite a different character 
from those of the western, system. They are larger, longer and have their val- 
leys modified to a much greater extent by the underlying strata. For the lat- 
ter reason, water-power is much more abundant upon them than upon the 
streams of the western system. 

Des Moiyies River. — This river has its source in Minnesota, but it enters 
Iowa before it has attained any size, and flows almost centrally through it from 
northwest to southeast, emptying into the Mississippi at the extreme southeast- 
ern corner of the State. It drains a greater area than any river within the 
State. The upper portion of it is divided into two branches known as the east 
and west forks. These unite in Humboldt County. The valleys of these 
branches above their confluence are drift-valleys, except a few small exposures 
of subcarboniferous limestone about five miles above their confluence. These 
exposures produce several small mill-sites. The valleys vary from a few hun- 
dred yards to half a mile in width, and are the finest agricultural lands. In the 
northern part of Webster County, the character of the main valley is modified 
by the presence of ledges and low cliffs of the subcarboniferous limestone and 
gypsum. From a point a little below Fort Dodge to near Amsterdam, in Ma- 
rion County, the river runs all the way through and upon the lower coal-meas- 
ure strata. Along this part of its course the flood-plain varies from an eighth 
to half a mile or more in width. From Amsterdam to Ottumwa the subcarbon- 
iferous limestone appears at intervals in the valley sides. Near Ottumwa, the sub- 
carboniferous rocks pass beneath the liver again, bringing down the coal-measure 
strata into its bed ; but they rise again from it in the extreme northwestern part 



116 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Van Buren County, and subcarboniferous strata resume and keep their place 
along the valley to the north of the river. From Fort Dodge to the northern 
part of Lee County, the sti'ata of the lower coal measures are present in the 
valley. Its flood plain is frequently sandy, from the debris of the sandstone 
and sandy shales of the coal measures produced by their removal in the process 
of the formation of the valley. 

The principal tributaries of the Des Moines are upon the western side. 
These are the Raccoon and the three rivers, viz.: South, Middle and North Riv- 
ers. The three latter have their source in the region occupied by the upper 
coal-measure limestone formation, flow eastward over the middle coal measures, 
and enter the valley of the Des Moines upon the lower coal measures. These 
streams, especially South and Middle Rivers, are frequently bordered by high, 
rocky cliffs. Raccoon River has its source upon the heavy surface deposits of 
the middle region of Western Iowa, and along the greater part of its course it 
has excavated its valley out those deposits and the middle coal measures alone. 
The valley of the Des Moines and its branches are destined to become the seat 
of extensive manufactures in consequence of the numerous mill sites of immense 
power, and the fact that the main valley traverses the entire length of the Iowa 
coal fields. 

Skunk River. — This river has its source in Hamilton County, and runs 
almost its entire course upon the border of the outcrop of the lower coal meas- 
ures, or, more properly speaking, upon the subcarboniferous limestone, just where 
it begins to pass beneath the coal measures by its southerly and westerly dip. 
Its general course is southeast. From the western part of Henry County, up 
as far as Story County, the broad, flat flood plain is covered with a rich deep 
clay soil, w^hich, in time of long-continued rains and overflows of the river, has 
made the valley of Skunk River a terror to travelers from the earliest settle- 
ment of the country. There are some excellent mill sites on the lower half of 
this river, but they ai'e not so numerous or valuable as on other rivers of the 
eastern system. 

Iowa River. — This river rises in Hancock County, in the midst of a broad, 
slightly undulating drift region. The first rock exposure is that of subcarbon- 
iferous limestone, in the southwestern corner of Franklin County. It enters 
the region of the Devonian strata near the southwestern corner of Benton 
County, and in this it continues to its confluence with the Cedar in Louisa 
County. Below the junction with the Cedar, and for some miles above that 
point, its valley is broad, and especially on the northern side, with a well 
marked flood plain. Its borders gradually blend with the uplands as they slope 
away in the distance from the river. The Iowa furnishes numerous and valua- 
ble mill sites. 

Cedar River. — This stream is usually understood to be a branch of the 
Iowa, but it ought, reall}', to be regarded as the main stream. It rises by 
numerous branches in the northern part of the State, and flows the entire length 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 117 

of the State, through the region occupied by the Devonian strata and along the 
trend occupied by that formation. 

The valley of this river, in the upper part of its course, is narrow, and the 
sides slope so gently as to scarcely show where the lowlands end and the up- 
lands begin. Below the confluence with the Shell Rock, the flood plain is more 
distinctly marked and the valley broad and shallow. The valley of the Cedar 
is one of the finest regions in the State, and both the main stream and its 
branches afibrd abundant and reliable mill sites. 

Wapsipinnicon River. — This river has its source near the source of the 
Cedar, and runs parallel and near it almost its entire course, the upper half 
upon the same formation — the Devonian. In the northeastern part of Linn 
County, it enters the region of the Niagara limestone, upon which it continues 
to the Mississippi. It is one hundred miles long, and yet the area of its drain- 
age is only from twelve to twenty miles in width. Hence, its numerous mill 
sites are unusually secure. 

Turkey River. — This river and the Upper Iowa are, in many respects, un- 
like other Iowa rivers. The difi'erence is due to the great depth they have 
eroded their valleys and the different character of the material through which 
they have eroded. Turkey River rises in Howard County, and in Winneshcik 
County, a few miles from its source, its valley has attained a depth of more than 
two hundred feet, and in Fayette and Clayton Counties its depth is increased to 
three and four hundred feet. The summit of the uplands, bordering nearly the 
whole length of the valley, is capped by the Maquoketa shales. These shales 
are underlaid by the Galena limestone, between two and three hundred feet 
thick. The valley has been eroded through these, and runs upon the Trenton 
limestone. Thus, all the formations along and within this valley are Lower 
Silurian. The valley is usually narrow, and without a well-marked flood plain. 
Water power is abundant, but in most places inaccessible. 

Upper Iowa River. — This river rises in Minnesota, just beyond the north- 
ern boundary line, and enters our State in Howard County before it has attained 
any considerable size. Its course is nearly eastward until it reaches the JNIis- 
sissippi. It rises in the region of the Devonian rocks, and flows across the out- 
crops, respectively, of the Niagara, Galena and Trenton limestone, the lower 
magnesian limestone and Potsdam sandstone, into and through all of which, 
except the last, it has cut its valley, which is the deepest of any in Iowa. The 
valley sides are, almost everywhere, high and steep, and cliffs of lower magne- 
sian and Trenton limestone give them a wild and rugged aspect. In the lower 
part of the valley, the flood plain reaches a width sufficient for the location of 
small farms, but usually it is too narrow for such purposes. On the higher 
surface, however, as soon as you leave the valley you come immediately upon a 
cultivated country. This stream has the greatest slope per mile of any in Iowa, 
consequently it furnishes immense water power. In some places, where creeks 
come into it, the valley widens and aff'ords good locations for farms. The town 



118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Decorah, in Winnesheik County, is located in one of these spots, which 
makes it a lovely location ; and the power of the river and the small spring 
streams around it offer fine facilities for manufacturing. This river and its 
tributaries are the only trout streams in Iowa. 

Mississippi River. — This river may be described, in general terms, as a broad 
canal cut out of the general level of the country through which the river flows. 
It is bordered by abrupt hills or bluffs. The bottom of the valley ranges from 
one to eight miles in width. The whole gpace between the bluffs is occupied by 
the river and its bottom, or flood plain only, if we except the occasional terraces 
or remains of ancient flood plains, which are not now reached by the highest 
floods of the river. The river itself is from half a mile to nearly a mile in 
width. There are but four points along the whole length of the State where the 
bluffs approach the stream on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations com- 
pose the bluffs in the northern part of the State, but they gradually disappear 
by a southerly dip, and the bluffs are continued successively by the Upper 
Silurian, Devonian, and subcarboniferous rocks, which are reached near the 
southeastern corner of the State. 

Considered in their relation to the present general surface of the state, the 
relative ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the 
glacial epoch ; but that the Mississippi, and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, 
if no others, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys 
eroded by pre-glacial, or perhaps even by palaeozoic rivers, can scarcely be 
doubted. 

LAKES. 

The lakes of Iowa may be properly divided into two distinct classes. The 
first may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left 
in the surface of the drift at the close of the glacial epoch, and have rested upon 
the undisturbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared. 
The others may be properly termed Jiuvatile or alluvial lakes, because they have 
had their origin by the action of rivers while cutting their own valleys out from 
the surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, and are now 
found resting upon the alluvium, as the others rest upon the drift. By the term 
alluvium is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by 
the action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other 
coarse material, and upon that deposit are some of the best and most productive 
soils in the State. It is this deposit which form the flood plains and deltas of 
our rivers, as Avell as the terraces of their valleys. 

The regions to which the drift lakes arc principally confined are near the 
head waters of the principal streams of the State. AVe consequently find them 
in those regions which lie between the Cedar and Des Moines Rivers, and the 
Des Moines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa. 
The largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 119 

Dickinson County -, Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County ; and Storm Lake, in 
Bunea Vista County. 

Spirit Lake. — The width and length of this lake are about equal , and it 
contains about twelve square miles of surface, its northern border i*esting directly 
on the boundary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great watershed. 
Its shores are mostly gravelly, and the country about it fertile. 

OTcohoji Lake. — This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and 
has somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few 
rods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the outlet of the latter. Okoboji Lake 
extends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same 
distance westAvard, and then bends northward about as far as the eastern projec- 
tion. The eastern portion is narrow^ but the western is larger, and in some 
places a hundred feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very 
pleasant. Fish are" abundant in them, and they are the resort of myriads of 
water fowl. 

Clear Lake. — This lake is situated in Cerro Gordo County, upon the 
watershed between the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It is about five miles long, 
and two or three miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only fifteen 
feet. Its shores and the country around it are like that of Spirit Lake. 

Storm Lake. — This body of water rests upon the great water shed in Buena 
Vista County. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of Avater, containing a surface area 
of between four and five square miles. 

The outlets of all these drift-lakes are dry during a portion of the year, ex- 
cept Okoboji. 

Walled Lakes. — Along the water sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of 
small lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes 
in Wright County, and another in Sac, have each received the name of " Walled 
Lake," on account of the existence of embankments on their borders, which are 
supposed to be the work of ancient inhabitants. These embankments are from 
two to ten feet in height, and from five to thirty feet across. They are the 
result of natural causes alone, being referable to the periodic action of ice, aided, 
to some extent, by the force of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and 
in winter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains ia the 
middle. The ice freezes fast to everything upon the bottom, and the expansive 
powder of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the cir- 
cumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake has been thus carried 
to the shore, and this has been going on from year to year, from century to 
century, forming the embankments which have caused so much wonder. 

SPRINGS. 

Springs issue from all formations, and from the sides of almost every valley, 
but they are more numerous, and assume proportions which give rise to the 
name of sink-holes, along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa River, owing 



120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to the peculiar fissured and laminated character and great thickness of the strata 
of the a^e of the Trenton limestone which underlies the whole region of the 
valley of that stream. 

No mineral springs, properly so called, have yet been discovered in Iowa, 
thoutrh the water of several artesian wells is frequently found charged with 
soluble mineral substances. 

ORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES. 

It is estimated that seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie 
when first settled. They are not confined to level surfaces, nor to any partic- 
ular variety of soil, for within the State they rest upon all formations, from 
those of the Azoic to those of the Cretaceous age, inclusive. Whatever may 
have been their origin, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the influ- 
ence of climate, nor the soil, nor any of the underlying formations. The real 
cause is the prevalence of the annual fires. If these had been prevented fifty 
^ years ago, loAva would now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest 
trees upon prairie farms as soon as the bordering woodland is protected from 
the annual prairie fires, is well known to farmers throughout the State. 

The soil of Iowa is justly famous for its fertility, and there is probably no 
equal area of the earth's surface that contains so little untillable land, or whose 
soil has so high an average of fertility. Ninety-five per cent, of its surface is 
tillable land. 

GEOLOGY. 

The soil of Iowa may be separated into three general divisions, which not 
only possess difierent physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their 
origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial, and belong respectively to the 
deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the 
surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area 
of surface, and the alluvial least. 

All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived, to a 
considerable extent, from the rocks of Minnesota; but the greater part of Iowa 
drift was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been transported but a 
short distance. In general terms the constant component element of the drift 
soil is that portion which was ti-ansported from the north, while the inconstant 
elements are those portions which were derived from the adjacent or underlying 
strata. For example, in Western Iowa, wherever that cretaceous formation 
known as the Nishnabotany sandstone exists, the soil contains more sand than 
elsewhere. The same may be said of the soil of some parts of the State occu- 
pied by the lower coal measures, the sandstones and sandy shales of that forma- 
tion furnishing the sand. 

In Northern and Northwestern Iowa, the drift contains more sand and 
gravel than elsewhere. This sand and gravel was, doubtless, derived from the 






HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 



121 



cretaceous rocks that now do, or formerly did, exist there, and also in part 
from the conglomerate and pudding-stone beds of the Sioux quartzite. 

In Southern Iowa, the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. This preponder- 
ating clay is doubtless derived from the clayey and shaly beds which alternate 
with the limestones of that region. 

The bluff soil is that which rests upon, and constitutes a part of, the bluflE" 
deposit. It is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the 
Missouri River. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its 
composition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. 

The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bottom 
lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for 
agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the 
highest floods, and is very productive. 

The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclu- 
sive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those 
of the PaliTeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in 
their order : 



SYSTEMS. 

AGES. 



Cretaceous 

Carboniferous.. 

Devonian 

Upper Silurian 

Lower Silurian 
Azoic 



GROaPS. 

PERIODS. 



FORMATIONS. 

EPOCHS. 



Post Tertiary 

Lower Cretaceous. 

Coal Measures. 
Subcarboniferous. 



L 

Hamilton 

Niagara 

'Cincinnati , 



Trenton. 

Primordial. 
Huronian , 



\Drift 

Inoceramous bed 

Woodbury Sandstone and Shales.. 

Nishnabotany Sandstone 

Upper Coal Measures 

Middle Coal Measures 

Lower Coal Measures 

St. Louis Limestone 

jKeokuk Limestone 

[Burlington Limestone 

jKinderhook beds 

j Hamilton Limestone and Shales. 

Niagara Limestone 

'Maquoketa Shales 

Galena Limestone 

iTrenton Limestone 

iSt. Peter's Sandstone 

jLower Magnesian Limestone 

Potsdam Sandstone 

Sioux Quartzite 



THICKNESS. 

IN FEET. 



10 



to 200 

50 
130 
100 
200 
200 
200 

75 

90 
196 
175 
200 
350 

80 
250 
200 

80 
250 
300 

50 



THE AZOIC SYSTEM. 

The Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few 
acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big 
Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux Quartzite has been 
given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and a 
color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of 
metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the 
rock is almost everj^where of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees 
to the northward, an^ the trend t)f the outcrop is eastward and westward. This 



122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

rock may be quarried in a few rare cases, but usually it cannot be secured in 
dry forms except that into which it naturally cracks, and the tendency is to 
angular pieces. It is absolutely indestructible. 

LOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

PRIMORDIAL GROUP. 

Potsdam Sandstone. — This formation is exposed only in a small portion of 
the northeastern portion of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the 
bluffs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It may be seen 
underlying the lower magnesian limestone, St. Peter s sandstone and Trenton 
limestone, in their regular order, along the bluffs of the Mississippi from the 
northern boundary of the State as far south as Guttenburg, along the Upper 
Iowa for a distance of about twenty miles from its mouth, and along a few of 
the streams which empty into the Mississippi in Allamakee County. 

It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. 

No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. 

Lower Magnesium Limestone. — This foi'mation has but little greater geo- 
graphical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity 
of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for 
building purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation in Iowa are a few traces of crinoids, 
near INIcGregor. 

St. Peter's Sandstone. — This formation is remarkably uniform in thickness 
throughout its known geographical extent ; and it is evident it occupies a large 
portion of the northern half of Allamakee County, immediately beneath the 
drift. 

TREXTON GROUP. 

Treriton Limestone. — With the exception of this, all the limestones of both 
Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones — nearly pure 
dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesheik and Alla- 
makee Counties and a portion of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for 
economic purposes, yet there are in some places compact and evenly bedded 
layers, which afford fine material for window caps and sills. 

In this formation, fossils are abundant, so much so that, in some places, the 
rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of tribolites, cemented 
by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to 
science and peculiar to Iowa. 

Tlie Galena Limestone. — This is the upper formation of the Trenton group. 
It seldom exceeds twelve miles in width, although it is fully one hundred and 
fifty miles long. The outcrop traverses portions of the counties of Howard, 
Winnesheik, Allamakee, Fayette, Clayton, Dubuque and Jackson. It exhibits 
its greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite, 
with a slight admixture of silicious matter. It is usually unfit fcr dressing, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 123 

though sometimes near the top of the bed good blocks for dressing are found. 
This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The 
lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the 
vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the 
rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have 
a north and south direction. The ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sul- 
pliuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. 

CINCINNATI GROUP. 

MaquoTceta Shales. — The surface occupied by this formation is singularly 
lonof and narrow, seldom reachino; more than a mile or two in width, but more 
than a hundred miles in length. Its most southerly exposure is in the bluffs of 
the Mississippi near Bellevue, in Jackson County, and the most northerly yet 
recognized is in the western part of Winnesheik County. The whole formation 
is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arena- 
ceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- 
face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiif and clayey. Its economic 
value is very slight. 

Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati group are found 
in the Maquoketa shales ; but they contain a larger number that have been 
found anywhere else than in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal char- 
acteristics seem to Avarrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct 
formation from any otTiers of the group. 

UPPER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

NIAGARA G^OUP. 

Niagara Limestone. — The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is nearly 
one hundred and sixty miles long from north to south, and forty and fifty miles 
wide. 

This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with in some places a con- 
siderable proportion of silicious matter in the form of chert or coarse flint. A 
large part of it is evenly bedded, and probably affords the best and greatest 
amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and 
Farley are all opened in this formation. 

DEVONIAN SYSTEM. 

HAMILTON GROUP. 

Hamilton Limestone. — The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton lime- 
stone and shales is fully as great as those by all the formations of both Upper 
and Lower Silurian age in the State. It is nearly two hundred miles long and 
from forty to fifty miles broad. The general trend is northwestward and south- 
eastws^'d. 

Although a large part of the material of this formation is practically quite 
li'orthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes ; and having a 



124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

large geographical extent in the State, is one of the most important formations, 
in a practical point of view. At Waverly, Bremer County, its value for the 
production of hydraulic lime has been practically demonstrated. The heavier 
and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other 
material requiring strength and durability. 

All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch, and re- 
ferable to the Hamilton, as recognized by New York geologists. 

The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are bra- 
chiopod, mollusks and corals. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near 
Iowa City, and is known as "Iowa City Marble," and " bird's-eye marble.' 

CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 

Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous system, 
viz., the subcarboniferous, coal measures and permian, only the first two are 
found in Iowa. 

SUBCARBONIFEROUS GROUP. 

The area of the surface occupied by this group is very large. Its eastern 
border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with consider- 
able directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington 
County. Here it makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking 
the Mississippi River at Muscatine. The southern and western boundary is to 
a considerable extent the same as that which separates it from the coal field. 
From the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, 
thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- 
dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of 
Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk County, thence 
to the northeastern corner of Jefferson County, thence sweeping a few miles 
eastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren County. Its area is nearly two 
hundred and fifty miles long, and from twenty to fifty miles wide. 

Tlie Kinderliook Beds. — The most southerly exposure of these beds is near 
the mouth of Skunk River, in Des Moines County. The most northerly now 
known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than two hundred 
miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs 
which border the Mississippi and Skunk Rivers, where they form the eastern 
and northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wash- 
ington County ; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Frank- 
lin Counties ; and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. 

The economic value of this formation is very considerable, particularly in 
the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt 
Counties it is almost invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are 
found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building pur- 
poses. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this 
formation, and the quarries near LeGrand are very valuable. At this point 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 125 

some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into 
ornamental and useful objects. 

In Tama County, the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufac- 
tured into lime. It is not valuable for building, as upon exposure to atmosphere 
and frost, it crumbles to pieces. 

The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation 
that can be referred to the sub-kingdom VERTEBRATA ; and so far as yet recog- 
nized, they all belong to the order selachians. 

Of ARTICULATES, Only two spocies have been recognized, both of which 
belong to the genus phiUipsia. 

The sub-kingdom mollusca is largely represented. 

The RADIATA are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very im- 
perfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. 

The prominent feature in the life of this epoch was molluscan ; so much so 
in fact as to overshadow all other branches of the animal kingdom. The pre- 
vailing classes are : lajnelUbranchiates, in the more arenaceous portions ; and 
brachiopods, in the more calcareous portions. 

No remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this 
formation. 

The Burlington Limestone. — This formation consists of two distinct calca- 
reous divisions, which are separated by a series of silicious beds. Both divi- 
sions are eminently crinoidal. 

Tlie southerly dip of the Iowa rocks carries the Burlington limestone down, 
so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, 
near the southern boundary of Des Moines County. The most northerly point 
at which it has been recognized is in the northern part of Washington County. 
It probably exists as far north as Marshall County. , 

This formation affords much valuable material for economic purposes. The 
upper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock. 

The great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be 
more than three hundred, have justly attracted the attention of geologists in all 
parts of the world. 

The only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of 
fishes, and consist of teeth and spines ; bone of bony fishes, like those most 
common at the present day, are found in these rocks. On Buffington Creek, in 
Louisa County, is a stratum in an exposure so fully charged with these remains 
that it might with propriety be called bone breccia. 

Remains of articulates are rare in this formation. So far as yet discovered, 
they are confined to two species of tribolites of the genus jjhillipsia. 

Fossil shells are very common. 

^he two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom radiata are represented in the 
genera zaphrentis, amplexus and syringapora, wliile the highest class — echino- 
derms — are found in most extraordinary profusion. 



126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Keokuk Limestone. — It is only in the four counties of Lee, Van 
Buren, Henry and Des Moines that this formation is to be seen. 

In some localities the upper silicious portion of this formation is known as 
the Geode bed. It is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, 
nor in connection "with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. 

The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less spherical masses of silex, 
usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz. The outer crust is rough and 
unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful. 
They vary in cize from the size of a Avalnut to a foot in diameter. 

The economic value of this formation is very great. Large quantities of its 
stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the 
post offices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the 
banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. 

The only vertebrate fossils found in the formation are fishes, all belonging 
to tlie order selachians, some of which indicate that their owners reached a 
length of twenty-five or thirty feet. 

Of the articulates, only two species of the genus pJiillipsia have been found 
in this formation. 

Of the mollusks, no cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in 
this State ; gasteropods are rare ; brachiopods and polyzoans are quite abundant. 

Of radiates, corals of genera zaphrentes, amplexus and aulopei'a are found, 
but crinoids are most abundant. 

Of the low forms of animal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the 
sponges, is found in this formation in small numbers. 

The St. Louis Limestone. — This is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous 
group in Iowa. The superficial area it occupies is comparatively small, because 
it consists of long, narrow, strips, yet its exten^ is very great. It is first seen 
resting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk. Pro- 
ceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields 
in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska 
Counties. It is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone 
River, where it again passes out of view under the coal measures until it is 
next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge-. As it exists in 
Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct subdivisions — the magnesian, arena- 
ceous and calcareous. 

The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when 
quarries are Avell opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, 
large blocks arc obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little 
economic value. The lower or magnesian division furnishes a valuable 
and durable stone, exposures of Avliich are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren 
County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. 

Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are represented only by the 
remains of fish, belont'in'i; to the two orders, selachians and ganoids. The 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 127 

articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus phillipna, and 
two ostracoid, genera, cijthre and beyricia. The mollusks distinguish this 
formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are 
exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the 
two preceding it. 

The rocks of the subcarboniferous period have in other countries, and in 
other parts of our own country, furnished valuable minerals, and even coal, but 
in Iowa the economic value is confined to its stone alone. 

The Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of Iowa are largely 
composed of limestone. Magnesia also enters largely into the subcarbon- 
iferous group. With the completion of the St. Louis limestone, the 
production of the magnesian limestone seems to have ceased among the rocks of 
loAva. 

Although the Devonian age has been called the age of fishes, yet so far as 
Iowa is concerned, the rocks of no period can compare with the subcarbon- 
iferous in the abundance and variety of the fish remains, and, for this reason, 
the Burlington and Keokuk limestones will in the future become more 
famous among geologists, perhaps, than any other formations in North 
America. 

It will be seen that the Chester limestone is omitted from the subcarbon- 
iferous group, and which completes the full geological series. It is probable 
the whole surface of Iowa was above the sea during the time of the 
formation of the Chester limestone to the southward about one hundred 
miles. 

At the close of the epoch of the Chester limestone, the shallow seas in 
which the lower coal measures were formed again occupied the land, extending 
almost as far north as that sea had done in which the Kinderhook beds were 
formed, and to the northeastward its deposits extended beyond the subcarbon- 
iferous groups, outlines of which are found upon the next, or Devonian rock. 

THE COAL-MEASURE GROUP. 

The coal-measure group of Iowa is properly divided into three formations, 
viz., the lower, middle and upper coal measures, each having a vertical thick- 
ness of about two hundred feet. 

A line drawn upon the map of Iowa as follows, will represent the eastern 
and northern boundaries of the coal fields of the State : Commencins at the 
southeast corner of Van Buren County, carry the line to the northeast corner 
of Jefferson County by a slight easterly curve through the western portions of 
Lee and Henry Counties. Produce this line until it reaches a point six or 
eight miles northward from the one last named, and then carry it northwest- 
ward, keeping it at about the same distance to the northward of Skunk River 
and its north branch that it had at first, until it reaches the southern boundary 
of Marshall County, a little west of its center. Then carry it to a point 



128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

three or four miles northeast from Eldora, in Hardin County ; thence west- 
ward to a point a little north of Webster City, in Hamilton County ; and 
thence further westward to a point a little north of Fort Dodge, in Webster 
County. 

Lower Coal Measures. — In consequence of tlie recedence to the southward 
of the borders of the middle and upper coal measures, the lower coal measures 
alone exist to the eastward and northward of Des Moines River. They also 
occupy a large area westward and southward of that river, but their southerly 
dip passes them below the middle coal measures at no great distance from the 
river. 

No other formation in the whole State possesses the economic value of the 
lower coal measures. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes 
a large amount of material for potters' use. The sandstone of these measures 
is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as near Red Rock, in Marion 
County, blocks of large dimensions are obtained which make good building 
material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. 
On the whole, that portion of the State occupied by the lower coal measures, 
is not well supplied with stone. 

But few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the lower coal meas- 
ures, but such animal remains as have been found are without exception of 
marine origin. 

Of fossil plants found in these measures, all probably belong to the class 
aerogens. Specimens of calamites, and several species of ferns, are found in 
all of the coal measures, but the genus lepidodendron seems not to have existed 
later than the epoch of the middle coal measures. 

Middle Coal Measures. — This formation within the State of Iowa occupies 
a narrow belt of territory in the southern central portion of the State, embrac- 
ing a superficial area of about fourteen hundred square miles. The counties 
more or less underlaid by this formation are Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison, 
Warren, Clarke, Lucas, INIonroe, AVayne and Appanoose. 

This formation is composed of alternating beds of clay, sandstone and lime- 
stone, the clays or shales constituting the bulk of the formation, the limestone 
occurring in their bands, the lithological peculiarities of which offer many con- 
trasts to the limestones of the upper and lower coal measures. The formation 
is also characterized by regular wave-like undulations, with a parallelism which 
indicates a widespread disturbance, though no dislocation of the strata have 
been discovered. 

Generally speaking, few species of fossils occur in these beds. Some of the 
shales and sandstone have afforded a few imperfectly preserved land plants — 
three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carbonif- 
erous shales afford beautiful specimens of what appear to have been sea-weeds. 
Radiates are represented by corals. The mollusks are most numerously repre- 
sented. Trilohites and ostracoids are the only remains known of articulates. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 129 

Vertebrates are only known by the remains of salachians, or sharks, and 
ganoids. 

Upper Coal Measures. — The area occupied by this formation in Iowa is 
very great, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the 
State. It adjoins by its northern and eastern boundaries the area occupied by 
the middle coal measures. 

The prominent lithological features of this formation are its limestones, yet 
it contains a considerable proportion of shales and sandstones. Although it is 
known by the name of upper coal measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, 
and that only about twenty inches in maximum thickness. 

The limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good material for building 
as in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No 
beds of clay for potter's use are found in the whole formation. 

The fossils in this formation are much more numerous than in either the 
middle or lower coal measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes 
of the orders selachians and ganoids. The articulates are represented by the 
trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes cephalapoda, 
gasteropoda, lamelU, branchiata, hrachiapoda and polyzoa. Radiates are more 
numerous than in the lower and middle coal measures. Protogoans are repre- 
sented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely 
composed of their small fusiform shells. 

CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. 

There being no rocks, in Iowa, of permian, triassic or Jurassic age, the 
next strata in the geological series are of the cretaceous age. They are found 
in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations 
upon which they rest, to the southward and westw^ard, but have a general dip 
of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. 
Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is 
reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally 
occupied by them ; but being very friable, they have been removed by denuda- 
tion, which has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was 
during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long tertiary age 
that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the 
glacial epoch. The second period w"as during the glacial epoch, when the ice 
produced their entire removal over considerable areas. 

It is difficult to indicate the exact boundaries of these rocks ; the following 
will approximate the outlines of the area : 

From the northeast corner to the southwest corner of Kossuth County ; 
thence to the southeast corner of Guthrie County; thence to the southeast 
corner of Cass County; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Mont- 
gomery County ; thence to the middle of the north boundary of Pottawattamie 
County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Woodbury County ; 



130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

tiience to Sergeant's bluiFs ; up the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers to the 
northwest corner of the State ; eastward along the State line to the place of 
beginning. 

All the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up 
the Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary. 

Nishnahotanij Sandstone. — This rock has the most easterly and southerly 
extent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of 
Guthrie County and the southern part of jNIontgomery County. To the north- 
ward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing 
beneath the inoceramus, or chalky, beds. This sandstone is, with few excep- 
tions, almost valueless for economic purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angiosper- 
mous leaves. 

Woodbioy Sandstones and Shahs. — These strata rest upon the Nishna- 
botany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of Woodbury County, 
hence their name. Their principal exposure is at Sergeant's Bluffs, seven 
miles below Sioux City. 

This rock has no value except for purposes of common masonry. 

Fossil remains are rare. Detached scales of a lepidoginoid species have 
been detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation, 
leaves of salix meekii and sassafras cretaceum have been occasionally found. 

Inoceramus Beds. — These beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstones and 
shales. They have not been observed in Iowa, except in the bluffs which 
border the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are 
composed almost entirely of calcareous material, the upper portion of which is 
extensively used for lime. No building material is to be obtained from these 
beds ; and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at 
some time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region. 

The only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. 
Those in the inoceramus beds of Iowa are two species of squoloid selachians, 
or cestratront, and three genera of teliosts. Molluscan remains are rare. 

PEAT. 

Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is esti- 
mated, contain the following areas : 

Counties. Acres. 

Cerro Gordo 1,500 

Worth 2,000 

Winnebago 2,000 

Hancock 1,500 

Wright 500 

Kossuth 700 

Dickinson 80 

Several other counties contain peat beds, but the character of the peat is 
inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The character of the peat 



I 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131 

named is equal to that of Ireland. The beds are of an average depth of four 
feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds Avill furnish two hundred and 
fifty tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present, owing to the sparse- 
ness of the population, this peat is not utilized ; but, owing to its great distance 
from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their 
value will be realized, and the fact demonstrated that Nature has abundantly 
compensated the deficiency of other fuel. 

GYPSUM, 

The only deposits of the sulphates of the alkaline earths of any economic 
value in Iowa are those of gypsum at and in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in 
Webster County. All others are small and unimportant. The deposit occupies 
a nearly central position in Webster County, the Des Moines River running 
nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen 
in the form of ordinary rock cliff and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in 
similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of 
the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. 

The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth 
of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River, and almost adjoining 
the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been 
found exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from this northerly point 
before mentioned. Our knowledge of the width of the area occupied by it is 
limited by the exposures seen in the valleys of the small streams and in the 
ravines which come into the valley within the distance mentioned. As one goes 
up these ravines and minor valleys, the gypsum becomes lost beneath the over- 
lying drift. There can be no doubt that the different parts of this deposit, now 
disconnected by the valleys and ravines having been cut through it, were orig- 
inally connected as a continuous deposit, and there seems to be as little reason 
to doubt that the gypsum still extends to considerable distance on each side of 
the valley of the river beneath the drift which covers the region to a depth of 
from twenty to sixty feet. 

The country round about this region has the prairie surface approximating 
a general level which is so characteristic of the greater part of the State, and 
which exists irrespective of the character or geological age of the strata beneath, 
mainly because the drift is so deep and uniformly distributed that it frequently 
almost alone gives character to the surface. The valley sides of the Des Moines 
River, in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, are somewhat abrupt, having a depth there 
from the general level of the upland of about one hundred and seventy feet, 
and consequently presents somewhat bold and interesting features in the land- 
scape. 

As one walks up and down the creeks and ravines which come into the 
valley of the Des Moines River there, he sees the gypsum exposed on 
either side of them, jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of 



132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of 
ordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of 
stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The 
principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below 
Fort Dodge. 

The reader will please bear in mind that the gypsum of this remarkable 
deposit does not occur in "heaps" or " nests," as it does in most deposits of 
gypsum in the States farther eastward, but that it exists here in the form of a 
regularly stratified, continuous formation, as uniform in texture, color and 
quality throughout the whole region, and from top to bottom of the deposit 
as the granite of the Quincy quarries is. Its color is a uniform gray, result- 
ing from alternating fine horizontal lines of nearly white, with similar lines 
of darker shade. The gypsum of the white lines is almost entirely pure, the 
darker lines containing the impurity. This is at intervals barely sufficient in 
amount to cause the separation of the mass upon those lines into beds or layers, 
thus facilitating the quarrying of it into desired shapes. These bedding sur- 
faces have occasionally a clayey feeling to the touch, but there is nowhere any 
intercalation of clay or other foreign substance in a separate form. The deposit 
is known to reach a thickness of thirty feet at the quarries referred to, but 
although it will probably be found to exceed this thickness at some other points, 
at the natural exposures, it is seldom seen to be more than from ten to twenty 
feet thick. 

Since the drift is usually seen to rest directly upon the gypsum, with noth- 
ing intervening, except at a few points where traces appear of an overlying bed 
of clayey material without doubt of the same age as the gypsum, the latter 
probably lost something of its thickness by mechanical erosion during the 
glacial epoch ; and it has, doubtless, also suffered some diminution of thickness 
since then by solution in the waters which constantly percolate through the 
drift from the surface. The drift of this region being somewhat clayey, partic- 
ulary in its lower part, it has doubtless served in some degree as a protection 
against the diminution of the gypsum by solution in consequence of its partial 
imperviousness to water. If the gypsum had been covered by a deposit of sand 
instead of the drift clays, it would have no doubt long since disappeared by 
being dissolved in the water that would have constantly reached it from the sur- 
face. Water merely resting upon it would not dissolve it away to any extent, 
but it rapidly disappears under the action of running water. Where little rills 
of water at the time of every rain run over the face of an unused quarry, from 
the surface above it, deep grooves are thereby cut into it, giving it somewhat the 
appearance of melting ice around a waterfall. The fact that gypsum is now 
suffering a constant, but, of course, very slight, diminution, is apparent in the 
fact the springs of the region contain more or less of it in solution in their 
waters. An analysis of water from one of these springs will be found in Prof. 
Emery's report. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 133 

Besides the clayey beds that are sometimes, seen to rest upon the gypsum, 
there are occasionally others seen beneath them that are also of the same 
age, and not of the age of the coal-measure strata upon which they rest. 

A(je of the Gypsum Deposit. — In neither the gypsum nor the associated 
clays has any trace of any fossil remains been found, nor has any other indica- 
tion of its geological age been observed, except that which is afforded by its 
stratigraphical relations ; and the most that can be said Avith certainty is that it 
is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications 
afforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge 
are, however, of considerable value. 

As already shown, it rests in that region directly and unconformably upon 
the lower coal measures ; but going southward from there, the whole series of 
coal-measure strata from the top of the subcarboniferous group to the upper 
coal measures, inclusive, can be traced without break or unconformability. 
The strata of the latter also may be traced in the same manner up into the 
Permian rocks of Kansas; and through this long series, there is no place or 
horizon which suggests that the gypsum deposit might belong there. 

Again, no Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders 
of Iowa to suggest that the gypsum might be of that age ; nor are any of the 
palaeozoic strata newer than the subcarboniferous unconformable upon each 
other as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It 
therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic ago, 
perhaps older than the Cretaceous. 

Lithohgical Origin. — As little can be said with certainty concerning the 
lithological origin of this deposit as can be said concerning its geological age, 
for it seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, as an isolated 
fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition 
of pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to 
have resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace 
of native sulphur have been found in connection with it ; nor has any salt been 
found in the waters of the region. These substances are common in association 
with other gypsum deposits, and are regarded by some persons as indicative of 
the method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole 
region, the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appearance of a sedimentary 
deposit. It is arranged in layers like the regular layers of limestone, and the 
whole mass, from top to bottom, is traced with fine horizontal laminae of alter- 
nating white and gray gypsum, parallel with the bedding surfaces of the layers, 
but the whole so intimately blended as to form a solid mass. The darker lines 
contain almost all the impurity there is in the gypsum, and that impurity is 
evidently sedimentary in its character. Frc^i these facts, and also from the 
further one that no trace of fossil remains has been detected in the gypsum, it 
seems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that the gypsum of Fort Dodge 
originated as a chemical precipitation in comparatively still waters which were 



134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

saturated Avith sulphate of lime and destitute of life ; its stratification and 
impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been 
held suspended in the same waters. 

Physical Properties. — Much has already been said of the physical proper- 
ties or character of this gypsum, but as it is so different in some respects' from 
that of other deposits, there are yet other matters worthy of mention in connec- 
tion Avith those. According to the results of a complete and exhaustive anal- 
ysis by Prof. Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per 
cent, of impurity ; and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole 
deposit will not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from to top 
to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. 

When it is remembered that plaster for agricultural purposes is sometimes 
prepared from gypsum that contains as much as thirty per cent, of impurity, it 
will be seen that ours is a very superior article for such purposes. The impu- 
rities are also of such a character that they do not in any w-ay interfere with its 
value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it 
becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcining process nec- 
essary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi- 
cally made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster 
of Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. No hesitation, 
therefore, is felt in stating that the Fort Dodge gypsum is of as good a quality 
as any in the country, even for the finest uses. 

In view of the bounteousness of the primitive fertility of our Iowa soils, 
many persons forget that a time may come when Nature will refuse to respond 
so generously to our demand as she does now, without an adequate return. 
Such are apt to say that this vast deposit of gypsum is valueless to our com- 
monwealth, except to the small extent that it may be used in the arts. This 
is undoubtedly a short-sighted view of the subject, for the time is even now 
rapidly passing away Avhen a man may purchase a new farm for less money 
than he can re-fertilize and restore the partially wasted primitive fertility of the 
one he now occupies. There are farms even now in a large part of the older 
settled portions of the State that would be greatly benefited by the proper 
application of plaster, and such areas will continue to increase until it will be 
difficult to estimate the value of the deposit of gypsum at Fort Dodge. It 
should be remembered, also, that the inhabitants of an extent of country 
adjoining our State more than three times as great as its own area will find it 
more convenient to obtain their supplies from Fort Dodge than from any other 
source. 

For want of direct railroad communication between this region and other 
parts of the State, the only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is 
for the purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found 
to be comparatively unaffected by the frost, and its ordinary situation in walls 
of houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 135 

can at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the eflfect of these is too 
slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. 

One of the citizens of Fort Dodge, Hon. John F. Duncombe, built a large, 
fine residence of it. in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by 
exposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. It has been so long 
and successfully used for building stone by the inhabitants that they now prefer 
it to the limestone of good quality, which also exists in the immediate vicinity. 
This preference is due to the cheapness of the gypsum, as compared with the 
stone. The cheapness of the former is largely due to the facility with which it 
is quarried and wrought. Several other houses have been constructed of it in 
Fort Dodge, including the depot building of the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- 
road. The company have also constructed a large culvert of the same material 
to span a creek near the town, limestone only being used for the lower courses, 
which come in contact with the water. It is a fine arch, each stone of gypsum 
being nicely hewn, and it will doubtless prove a very durable one. Many of 
the sidewalks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gypsum which occur 
in some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. They are more durable 
than their softness would lead one to suppose. They also possess an advantage 
over stone in not becoming slippery when worn. 

The method adopted in quarrying and dressing the blocks of gypsum is 
peculiar, and quite unlike that adopted in similar treatment of ordinary stone. 
Taking a stout auger-bit of an ordinary brace, such as is used by carpenters, 
and filing the cutting parts of it into a peculiar form, the quarryman bores his 
holes into the gypsum quarry for blasting, in the same manner and with as 
great fiicility as a carpenter would bore hard wood. The pieces being loosened 
by blasting, they are broken up with sledges into convenient sizes, or hewn 
into the desired shapes by means of hatchets or ordinary chopping axes, or cut 
by means of ordinary wood-saws. So little grit does the gypsum contain that 
these tools, made for working wood, are found to be better adapted for working 
the former substance than those tools are which are universally used for work- 
ing stone. 

MINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIME. 

Besides the great gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge, sulphate of lime in the 
various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite, and small, amorphous masses, has 
also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, includ- 
ing the coal -measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti- 
ties, quite independently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of 
gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, 
and frequently minute. They usually occur in shales and shaly clays, asso- 
ciated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron (iron pyrites). 
Gypsum has thus been detected in the coal measures, the St. Louis limestone, 
the cretaceous strata, and also in the lead caves of Dubuque. In most of these 
cases it is evidently the result of double decomposition of iron pyrites and car- 



136 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

bonate of lime, previously existing there ; in which cases the gypsum is of course 
not an original deposit as the great one at Fort Dodge is supposed to be. 

The existence of these comparatively minute quantities of gypsum in the 
shales of the coal measures and the subcarboniferous limestone which are exposed 
within the region of and occupy a stratigraphical position beneath the great 
gypsum deposits, suggests the possibility that the former may have originated as 
a precipitate from percolating waters, holding gypsum in solution Avhich they 
had derived from that deposit in passing over or through it. Since, however, 
the same substance is found in similar small quantities and under similar con- 
ditions in regions where they could have had no possible connection with that 
deposit, it is believ,ed that none of those mentioned have necessarily originated 
from it, not even those that are found in close proximity to it. 

The gypsum found in the lead caves is usually in the form of efflorescent 
fibers, and is always in small quantity. In the lower coal-measure shale near 
Fort Dodge, a small mass was found in the form of an intercalated layer, which 
had a distinct fibrous structure, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of 
the layer. The same mass had also distinct, horizontal planes of cleavage at 
right angles. with the perpendicular fibers. Thus, being more or less transpa- 
rent, the mass combined the characters of both fibrous gypsum and selenite. 
No anhydrous sulphate of lime [anhydrite) has been found in connection with 
the great gypsum deposit, nor elsewhere in Iowa, so far as yet known. 

SULPHATE OF STRONTIA. 
{^Celes'ine.) 

The only locality at which this interesting mineral has yet been found in 
Iowa, or, so fiir as is known, in the great valley of the Mississippi, is at Fort 
Dodge. It occurs there in very small quantity in both the shales of the lower 
coal measures and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are 
regarded as of the same age with it. The first is just below the city, near Rees' 
coal bank, and occurs as a layer intercalated among the coal measure shales, 
amounting in quantity to only a few hundred pounds' weight. The mineral is 
fibrous and crystalline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer. 
Breaking also with more or less distinct horizontal planes of cleavage, it resem- 
bles, in physical character, the layer of fibro-crystalline gypsum before men- 
tioned. Its color is light blue, is transparent and shows crystaline facets upon 
both the upper and under surfaces of the layer ; those of the upper surface 
being smallest and most numerous. It breaks up readily into small masses 
along the lines of the perpendicular fibers or columns. The layer is probably 
not more than a rod in extent in any direction and about three inches in maxi- 
mum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with 
those of the shales which imbed it. 

The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of 
crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 137 

the valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral is 
in this case nearly colorless, and but for the form of the separate crystals would 
closely resemble masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated 
that they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all cases their 
fundamental forms are obscured. Tliis mineral has almost no real practical 
value, and its occurrence, as described, is interesting only as a mineralogical 
fact. 

SULPHATE OF BARYTA. 

[Bari/tis, Heavy Spar.) 

This mineral has been found only in minute quantities in Iowa. It has 
been detected in the coal-measure shales of Decatur, Madison and Marion 
Counties, the Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bremer Counties and in the 
lead caves of Dubuque. In all these cases, it is in the form of crystals or small 
crystalline masses. 

SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. 

( Epsomile.) 

Epsomite, or native epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, 
we have thus recognized in Iowa all the sulphates of the alkaline earths of 
natural origin ; all of them, except the sulphate of lime, being in very small 
quantity. Even if the sulphate of magnesia were produced in nature, in large 
quantities, it is so very soluble that it can accumulate only in such positions as 
afford it complete shelter from the rains or running water. The epsomite 
mentioned was found beneath the overhanging cliff of Burlington limestone, 
near Starr's mill, which are represented in the sketch upon another page, illus- 
trating the subcarboniferous rocks. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrus- 
tations upon the surface of stones and in similar small fragile masses among the 
fine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging cliff. The projection 
of the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near 
twenty feet at the point where epsomite was found. Consequently the rains 
never reach far beneath it from any quarter. The rock upon which the epsom- 
ite accumulates is an impure limestone, containing also some carbonate of mag- 
nesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided con- 
dition. It is doubtless by double decomposition of these that the epsomite re- 
sults. By experiments with this native salt in the ofiice of the Survey, a fine 
article of epsom salts was produced, but the quantity that might be annually 
obtained there would amount to only a few pounds, and of course is of no prac- 
tical value whatever, on account of its cheapness in the market. 

CLIMATOLOGY. 

No extended record of the climatology of Iowa has been made, yet much of 
great vakie may be learned from observations made at a single point. Prof T. 
S. Parvin, of the State University, has recorded observations made from 1839 
to the present time. Previous to 1860, these observations were made at Mus- 



138 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

catine. Since that date, they were made in Iowa City. The result is that the 
atmospheric conditions of the climate of Iowa are in the highest degree favor- 
able to health. 

The highest temperature here occurs in August, Avhile July is the liottest 
month in the year by two degrees, and January the coldest by three degrees. 

The mean temperature of April and October most nearly corresponds to the 
mean temperature of the year, as well as their seasons of Spring and Fall, 
while that of Summer and Winter is best represented in that of August and 
December. 

The period of greatest heat ranges from June 22d to August 31st ; the next 
mean time being July 27th. The lowest temperature extends from December 
16th to February loth, the average being January 20th — the range in each 
case being two full months. 

The climate of Iowa embraces the range of that of New York, Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The seasons are not characterized by the 
frequent and sudden changes so common in the latitudes further south. The 
temperature of the Winters is somewhat lower than States eastward, but of other 
seasons it is higher. The atmosphere is dry and invigorating. The surfice of 
the State being free at all seasons of the year from stagnant water, with good 
breezes at nearly all seasons, the miasmatic and pulmonary diseases are 
unknown. Mortuary statistics show this to be one of the most healthful States 
in the Union, being one death to every ninety-four persons. The Spring, 
Summer and Fall months are delightful ; indeed, the glory of Iowa is her 
Autumn, and nothing can transcend the splendor of her Indian Summer, which 
lasts for weeks, and finally blends, almost imperceptibly, into Winter. 




HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION. 

Iowa, in the syinholical and expressive language of the aboriginal inhab- 
itants, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied to this 
magnificent and fruitful region by its ancient owners, to express their apprecia- 
tion of its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississippi 
River Avas the extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great 
empire lying west of the " Father of Waters," from the Gulf of Mexico on the 
south to British America on the north, and westward to the Pacific Ocean was 
a Spanish province. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation 
of this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fitting 
introduction to the history of the young and thriving State of loAva, which, 
until the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in America. 

Early in the Spring of 1542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the New 
World, and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov- 
ered its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi 
River at the mouth of the Washita. After the sudden death of De Soto, in 
May of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543, 
descended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico. 

In accordance with the usage of nations, under wdiich title to the soil was 
claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered 
the Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on that river and the Gulf of 
Mexico. But it was also held by the European nations that, while discovery 
gave title, that title must be perfected by actual possession and occupation. 
Although Spain claimed the territory by right of fir-t discovery, she made no 
effort to occupy it; by no permanent settlement had slie perfected and held her 
title, and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi 
Valley was re-discovered and occupied by Frnnce. 

The unparalleled labors of the zealous Fn nc'i Jesuits of Canada in penetrating 
the unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi- 
nary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present 
work, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake 
Superior in September, and sailed along the southern coast in search of copper, 
had arrived at the great village of the Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a 
grand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indian nations was held. 
The Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the 
Hurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the 
land of the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told 



140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the story of their ancient glory and ahout the nolth' river on the banks of Avhich 
they dwelt. The Sioux also told their -white brother of the same great river, 
and Allouez promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French 
nation against all their enemies, native or foreign. 

The purpose of discovering the great river about which the Indian na- 
tions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar- 
quette, in 1069. In the year previous, lie and Claude Dablon had established 
the Mission of St. Mary's, the oldest -white settlement ■within the present limits 
of the State of j\lichigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great 
undertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the 
Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. 

About this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do- 
minion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot 
was sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the 
Indian nations, at St. Mary's. 

When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far and near ; 
and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend- 
ship to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of 
Chicago. 

In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St. 
Mary, from all parts of the NorthAvest, from the head Avaters of the St. Law- 
rence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red River of the North. 
Perrot met with them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the 
assembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their 
welfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French 
Government. 

Marquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the 
reran ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of 
years, was considered the key to the unknown West. 

The time was now auspicious for the consummation of Marquette's grand 
project. The successful termination of Perrot's mission, and the general friend- 
liness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per- 
ilous. But it was not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic ])riest was 
finally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never trod by 
white men. 

The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure, 
were astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis- 
courage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi A'alley Avere cruel 
and bloodthirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers uj)on their domain. 
The great river itself, they said, A\'as the abode of terrible monsters, who could 
swalloAV both canoes and men. 

But Marquette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re- 
ports. He assured his dusky friends that he Avas ready to make any sacrifice, 
even to lay doAvn his life for the sacred cause in Avhich he Avas eng;»ged. lie 
prayed Avith them ; and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak- 
ing, on the 1-jth day of May, 1678, with Joliet and five Canadian-French voy- 
ageurs, or boatmen, he left the mission on his daring journey. Ascending 
Green Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and 
discovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, Avliere 
Marquette Avas delighted to find "a beautiful cross ])lanted in the middle of the 
toAvn, ornamented Avith Avhite skins, red girdles and boAvs and arroAvs, Avhich 
these good people had ofl'ercd to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Ilim for 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 141 

the pitj He had bestowed on them during the Winter, in having given them 
abundant chase." 

This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of the French 
missionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instructed by his 
Indian hosts in the secret of a root that cures the bite of the venomous rattle- 
snake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained with generous hos- 
pitality. He called together the principal men of the village, and informed 
them that his companion, Jolict, had been sent by the French Governor of Can- 
ada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; but that 
he, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry the glorious religion 
of the Cross ; and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission he had 
no fear of death, to which he knew he would be exposed on his perilous journeys. 

Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the 
Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct- 
ing them across the portage, their Indian guides returned to their village, and 
the little party descended the Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long 
been so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters. 

On the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of Indians on the 
west bank of the river and land d a little above the mouth of the river now 
known as Des Moines, and for the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. 
Leaving the Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquette and Joliet boldly fol- 
lowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to 
an Indian village situate on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil- 
lages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Their visit, while it 
created much astonishment, did not seem to be entirely unexpected, for there 
was a tradition or prophecy among the Indians that white visitors were to come 
to them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and 
were cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that 
this band was a part of the Illini nation and that their village was called Mon- 
in-gou-ma or Moingona, Avhich was the name of the river on which it stood. 
This, from its similarity of sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines 
(Monk's River), its present name. 

Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and 
customs of their new friends. The new religion they boldly preached and the 
authority of the King of France they proclaimed were received without hos- 
tility or remonstrance by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they 
were accompanied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of Avarriors. 
Marquette received from them the sacred calumet, the emblem of peace and 
safeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the rest of his journey. 

It is needless to follow him further, as his explorations beyond his discovery 
of Iowa more properly belong to the history of another State. 

In 1682, La Salle descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in 
the name of the King of France, took formal possession of all the immense 
region watered by the great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, 
and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIV. The river he 
called " Colbert," after the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column 
and a cross bearing the inscription, in the French language, 

"Louis the Great, King of France and Navarre, 
Reigning April 9th, 1682." 

At the close of the seventeenth century, France claimed, by right of dis- 
covery and occupancy, the Avhole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, 
including Texas, as far as the Rio del Norte. 



142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 

The province of Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the sources 
of the Tennessee, the Kanawha, the Allegheny and the Monongahela on the 
cast, and the Missouri and the other great tributaries of the Father of Waters 
on the west. Says Bancroft, " France had obtained, under Providence, the 
guardianship of this immense district of country, not, as it proved, for her own 
benefit, but rather as a trustee for the infant nation by which it was one day to 
be inherited." 

By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions 
in Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. France still retained 
Louisiana; but the province had so far failed to meet the expectations of the 
crown and the people that a change in the government and policy of the country 
was deemed indispensable. Accordingly, in 1711, the province was placed in 
the hands of a Governor General, with headquarters at Mobile. This govern- 
ment was of brief duration, and in 1712 a charter was granted to Anthony 
Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, giving him the entire control and mo- 
nopoly of all the trade and resources of Louisiana. But this scheme also failed. 
Crozat met with no success in his commercial operations ; every Spanish harbor 
on the Gulf was closed against his vessels; the occupation of Louisiana was 
deemed an encroachment on Spanish territory ; Spain was jealous of the am- 
bition of France. 

Failing in his efforts to open the ports of the district, Crozat "sought to 
develop the internal resources of Louisiana, by causing trading posts to be 
opened, and explorations to be made to its remotest borders. But h.' 
actually accomplished nothing for the advancement of the colony. The only 
prosperity which it ever possessed grew out of the enterprise of humble indi- 
viduals, who had succeeded in instituting a little barter b.»twe-m themselves 
and the natives, and a petty trade with neighboring European settlements. 
After a persevering effort of nearly five years, he surrendered his charter in 
August, 1717." 

Immediately following the surrender of his charter by Crozat, another and 
more magnificent scheme was inaugurated. The national government of France 
was deeply involved in debt; the colonies were nearly bankrupt, and John Law 
appeared on the scene with his famous Mississippi Company, as the Louisiana 
branch of the Bank of France. The charter granted to this company gave it a 
legal existence of twenty -five years, and conferred upon it more extensive powers 
and privileges than had been granted to Crozat. It invested the new company 
with the exclusive privilege of the entire commerce of Louisiana, and of New 
France, and with authority to enforce their rights. The Company was author- 
ized to monopolize all the trade in the country ; to make treaties with the 
Indians ; to declare and prosecute war ; to grant lands, erect forts, open mines 
of precious metals, levy taxes, nominate civil officers, commission those of the 
army, and to appoint and remove judges, to cast cannon, and build and equip 
ships of war. All this was to be done with the paper currency of John Law's 
Bank of France. Ho had succeeded in getting His Majesty the French King 
to ado])t and sanction his scheme of financial operations both in France and in 
the colonies, and probably there never was such a huge financial bubble ever 
blown by a visionary theorist. Still, such was the condition of France that it 
was accepted as a national deliverance, and Law became the most povverful man 
in France. He became a Catholic, and was appointed Comptroller General of 
Finance. 

Among the first operations of the Company Avas to send eight hundred 
emigrants to Louisiana, who arrived at Dauphine Island in 1718. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 143 

In 1710, Philipc Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two hundred 
miners and artisans. The war between France and Spain at this time rendered 
it extremely probable that the Mississippi Valley might become the theater of 
Spanish hostilities against the French settlements ; to prevent this, as well as to 
extend French claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keep open the connection 
between the mouth and the sources of the Mississippi. Fort Orleans, high up 
the Mississippi River, was erected as an outpost in 1720. 

The Mississippi scheme was at the zenith of its power and glory in January, 
1720, but the gigantic bubble collapsed more suddenly than it had been inflated, 
and the Company was declared hopelessly bankrupt in May following. France 
was impoverished by it, both private and public credit were overthrown, capi- 
talists suddenly found themselves paupers, and labor was left without employ- 
ment. The effect on the colony of Louisiana was disastrous. 

While this was going on in Lower Louisiana, the region about the lakes was 
the theater of Indian hostilities, rendering the passage from Canada to Louisiana 
extremely dangerous for many years. The English had not only extended their 
Indian trade into the vicinity of the French settlements, but through their 
friends, the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendancy over the Foxes, a fierce 
and powerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, whom they incited to hostilities against 
the French, The Foxes began their hostilities with the siege of Detroit in 
1712, a siege which they continued for nineteen consecutive days, and although 
the expedition resulted in diminishing their numbers and humbling their pride, 
yet it Avas not until after several successive campaigns, embodying the best 
military resources of New France, had been directed against them, that were 
finally defeated at the great battles of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin 
River, and driven west in 1746. 

The Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisiana exceeded 
the returns from its commerce, solicited leave to surrender the Mississippi 
wilderness to the home government. Accordingly, on the 10th of April, 1782, 
the jurisdiction and control over the commerce reverted to the crown of France. 
The Company had held possession of Louisiana fourteen ye'ars. In 1735, Bien- 
ville returned to assume command for the King. 

A glance at a few of the old French settlements will show the progress made 
in portions of Louisiana during the early part of the eighteenth century. As 
early as 1705, traders and hunters had penetrated the fertile regions of the 
Wabash, and from this region, at that early date, fifteen thousantl hides and 
skins had been collected and sent to Mobile for the European market. 

In the year 1716, the French population on the Wabash kept up a lucrative 
commerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyageurs. The Ohio River 
was comparatively unknown. 

In 1746, agriculture on the W^abash had attained to greater prosperity than 
in any of the French settlements besides, and in that year six hundred barrels 
of flour were manufactured and shipped to New Orleans, together with consider- 
able quantities of hides, peltry, tallow and beeswax. 

In the Illinois country, also, considerable settlements had been made, so that, 
in 1730, they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six 
hundred "converted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. 

In 1753, the first actual conflict arose between Louisiana and the Atlantic 
colonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit fathers, up to the period of 
which we speak, the great ambition of the French had been, not alone to preserve 
their possessions in the West, but by every possible means to prevent the 
slightest attempt of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settle- 



144 HISTORY OF TEIE STATE OF IOWA. 

ments toAvard the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining possession of 
the great territory which her missionaries had discovered and revealed to the 
world. French commandants had avowed their purpose of seizing every 
Englishman within the Ohio Valley. 

The colonies of Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia were most affected by 
the encroachments of France in the extension of her dominion, and particularly 
in the great scheme of uniting Canada with Louisiana. To carry out this 
purpose, the French had taken possession of a' tract of country claimed by Vir- 
ginia, and had commenced a line of forts extending from the lakes to the Ohio 
River. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but attentive to the 
vast importance of an immediate and effectual resistance on the part of all 
the English colonies to the actual and contemplated encroachments of the 
French. 

In 17C3, Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, sent George Washington, then a 
young man just twenty-one, to demand of the French commandant " a reason 
for invading British dominions while a solid peace subsisted." Washington met 
the French commandant, Gardeur de St. Pierre, on the head waters of the 
Alleghany, and having communicated to him the object of his journey, received 
the insolent answer that the French would not discuss the matter of right, but 
would make prisoners of every Englishman found trading on the Ohio and its 
waters. The country, he said, belonged to the French, by virtue of the dis- 
coveries of La Salle, and they would not withdraw from it. 

In January, 1754, Washington returned to Virginia, and made his report to 
the Governor and Council. Forces were at once raised, and AVashington, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the head of a hundred and fifty men, to 
the forks of the Ohio, with orders to "finish the fort already begun there by the 
Ohio Company, and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all Avho interrupted the 
English settlements." 

On his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania, Washington, 
through the aid of friendly Indians, discovered the French concealed among the 
rocks, and as they ran to seize their arms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at 
the same time, with his own musket, setting the example. An action lasting 
about a quarter of an hour ensued; ten of the Frenchmen were killed, among 
them Jumonville, the commander of the party, and twenty-one were made pris- 
oners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and the chief, bearing a toma- 
hawk and a scalp, visited all the tribes of the Miamis, urging them to join the 
Six Nations and the English against the French. The French, however, were 
soon re-enforced, and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort 
Necessity. Here, on the 3d day of July, De Villiers invested the fort with 
600 French troops and 100 Indians. On the 4tli, Washington accepted 
terms of capitulation, and the English garrison withdrew from the valley of 
the Ohio. 

This attack of Washington upon Jumonville aroused the indignation of 
France, and war was formally declared in May, 1756, and the " French and 
Indian War" devastated the colonies for several years. Montreal, Detroit 
and all Canada were surrendered to the English, and on the 10th of February, 
1763, by the treaty of Paris — which had been signed, though not formally ratified 
by the respective governments, on the 3dof November, 1762 — France relinquished 
to Great Britian all that portion of the province of Louisiana lying on the east 
side of the Mississippi, except the island and town of New Orleans. On the 
same day that the treaty of Paris was signed, France, by a secret treaty, ceded 
to Spain all her possessions on the west side of the Mississippi, including the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 145 

whole country to the head waters of the Great River, and west to the Rocky 
Mountains, and tlie jurisdiction of France in America, which had lasted nearly 
a century, Avas ended. 

At the close of the Revolutionary war, by the treaty of peace between Great 
Britain and the United States, the English Government ceded to the latter 
all the teri'itory on the east side of the Mississippi River and north of the thirty- 
first parallel of north latitude. At the same time, Great Britain ceded to 
Spain all the Floridas, comprising all the tei'ritory east of the Mississippi and 
south of the southern limits of the United States. 

At this time, therefore, the present State of Iowa was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in North America, as all the territory west of the Mississippi River 
was under the dominion of Spain. That government also possessed all the 
territory of the Floridas east of the great river and south of the thirty-first 
parallel of north latitude. The Mississippi, therefore, so essential to the pros- 
perity of the western portion of the United States, for the last three hundred 
miles of its course flowed wholly within the Spanish dominions, and that govern- 
ment claimed the exclusive right to use and control it below the southern boun- 
dary of the United States. 

The free navigation of the Mississippi was a very important question during 
all the time that Louisiana remained a dependency of the Spanish Crown, and 
as the final settlement intimately affected the status of the then future State 
of Iowa, it will be interesting to trace its progress. 

The people of the United States occupied and exercised jurisdiction over 
the entire eastern valley of the Mississippi, embracing all the country drained 
by its eastern tributaries ; they had a natural right, according to the accepted in- 
ternational law, to follow these rivers to the sea, and to the use of the Missis- 
sippi River accordingly, as the great natural channel of commerce. The river 
was not only necessary but absolutely indispensable to the prosperity and growth 
of the western settlements then rapidly rising into commercial and political 
importance. They were situated in the heart of the great valley, and with 
wonderfully expansive energies and accumulating resources, it was very evident 
that no power on earth could deprive them of the free use of the river below 
them, only while their numbers Avere insufficient to enable them to maintain 
their right by force. Inevitably, therefore, immediately after the ratification of 
the treaty of 1783, the Western people began to demand the free navigation 
of the Mississippi — not as a favor, but as a right. In 1786, both banks of 
the river, belo.w the mouth of the Ohio, were occupied by Spain, and military 
posts on the east bank enforced her power to exact heavy duties on all im- 
ports by way of the river for the Ohio region. Every boat descending the 
river was forced to land and submit to the arbitrary revenue exactions of the 
Spanish authorities. Under the administration of Governor Miro, these rigor- 
ous exactions were somewhat relaxed from 1787 to 1790 ; but Spain held it as 
her right to make them. Taking advantage of the claim of the American people, 
that the Mississippi should be opened to them, in 1791, the Spanish Govern- 
ment concocted a scheme for the dismembership of the Union. The plan Avas 
to induce the Weste-rn people to separate from the Eastern States by liberal land 
grants and extraordinary commercial privileges. 

Spanish emissaries, among the people of Ohio and Kentucky, informed them 
that the Spanish Government would grant them favorable commercial privileges, 
provided they would secede from the Federal Government east of the mountains. 
The Spanish Minister to the United States plainly declared to his confidential 
correspondent that, unless the Western people would declare their independence 



14(> HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and refuse to remain in the Union, Spain Avas determined never to grant the 
free navigation of the Mississippi. 

By the treaty of Madrid, October 20, 1795, however, Spain formally stip- 
ulated that the Mississippi River, from its source to the Gulf, for its entire width, 
should be free to American trade and commerce, and that the people of the 
United States should be permitted, for three years, to use the port of New 
Orleans as a port of deposit for their merchandise and produce, duty free. 

In November, 1801, the United States Government received, through Rufus 
King, its Minister at the Court of St. James, a copy of the treaty between Spain 
an'l France, signed at Madrid March 21, 1801, by which the cession of Loui- 
siana to France, made the previous Autumn, was confirmed. 

The change offered a flivorable opportunity to secure the just rights of the 
United States, in relation to the free navigation of the Mississippi, and ended 
the attempt to dismember the Union by an effort to secure an independent 
government west of the Alleghany Mountains. On the 7th of January, 1803, 
the American House of Representatives adopted a resolution declaring their 
'' unalterable determination to maintain the boundaries and the rights of navi- 
gation and commerce through the River ^Mississippi, as established by existing 
treaties." 

In the same month. President Jefferson nominated and the Senate confirmed 
Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe as Envoys Plenipotentiary to the 
Court of France, and Charles Pinckney and James Monroe to the Court of 
Spain, with plenary powers to negotiate treaties to effect the object enunciated 
by the popular branch of the National Legislature. These envoys were in- 
structed to secure, if possible, the cession of Florida and New Orleans, but it 
does not appear that Mr. Jefferson and his Cabinet had any idea of purchasing 
that part of Louisiana lying on the ivest side of the Mississippi. In fact, on 
the 2d of March following, the instructions were sent to our Ministers, contain- 
ing a plan which expressly left to France "all her territory on the west side of 
-the Mississippi." Had these instructions been followed, it might have been that 
there would not have been any State of Iowa or any other member of the glori- 
ous Union of States west of the "Father of Waters." 

In obedience to his instructions, however, Mr. Livingston broached this 
plan to M. Talleyrand, Napoleon's Prime Minister, Avhen that courtly diplo- 
matist quietly suggested to the American Minister that France might be willing 
to cede the whole Frey^ch domain in North America to the United States, and 
asked how much the Federal Government Avould be willing to give for it. Liv- 
ingston intimated that twenty millions of francs might be a fair price. Talley- 
rand thought that not enough, but asked the Americans to "think of it." A 
few days later, Napoleon, in an interview with Mr. Livingston, in effect informed 
the American Envoy that he had secured Louisiana in a contract with Spain 
for the purpose of turning it over to the United States for a mere nominal sum. 
lie had been compelled to provide for the safety of that province by the treaty, 
and he was "anxious to give the United States a magnificent bargain for a 
mere trifle." The price proposed was one hundred and twenty-five million 
francs. This was subsequently modified to fifteen million dollars, and on this 
basis a treaty was negotiated, and was signed on the 30th day of April, 1803. 

This treaty was ratified by the Federal Government, and by act of Congress, 
approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United States was authorized 
to take possession of the territory and provide for it a temporary government. 
Accordingly, on the 20tli day of December foil .wing, on behalf of tlie Presi- 
dent^ Gov. Clairborne and Gen. "Wilkinson took possession of the Louisiana 



il 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 147 

purchase, and raised tlic American flag over the newly acquired domain, at New 
Orleans. Spain, although it had by treaty ceded the province to Franco in 
1801, still held quasi possession, and at first objected to the transfer, but with- 
drew her opposition early in 1804, 

By this treaty, thus successfully consummated, and the peaceable withdrawal 
of Spain, the then infant nation of the New World extended its dominion west 
of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, and north from the Gulf of Mexico to 
British America. 

If the original design of Jefferson's administration had been accomplished, 
the United States would have acquired only that portion of the French territory 
lying east of the Mississippi lliver, and while the American people would thus 
have acquired the free navigation of that great river, all of the vast ami fertile 
empii'e on the west, so rich in its agricultural and inexhaustible mineral 
resources, would have remained under tlie dominion of a foreign power. To 
Napoleon's desire to sell the whole of his North American possessions, and Liv- 
ingston's act transcending his instructions, which was acquiesced in after it was 
done, does Iowa owe her position as a part of the United States by the 
Louisiana purchase. 

By authority of an act of Congress, approved March 26, 1804, the newly 
acquired territory was, on the 1st day of October following, divided : that part 
lying south of the 33d parallel of north latitude was called the Territory of 
Orleans, and all north of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory, until July 4, 1805, when 
it was organized, with territorial government of its own, and so remained until 
1812, Avhen the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, and the 
name of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to Missouri, On the 4th of 
July, 1814, that part of Missouri Territory comprising the present State of 
Arkansas, and the country to the westward, was organized into the Arkansas 
Territory. 

On the 2d of March, 1821, the State of Missouri, being a part of the Terri- 
tory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June 28, 1834, the territory 
west of the Mississippi lliver and north of Missouri was made a part of the 
Territory of Michigan ; but two years later, on the 4th of July, 183G, Wiscon- 
sin Territory was erected, embracing within its limits the present States of 
Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 

By act of Congress, approved June 12, 1838, the 

TERRITORY OF IOWA 

was erected, comprising, in addition to the present State, much the larger part 
of Minnesota, and extending north to the boundary of the British Possessions. 

THE ORIGINAL OAVNERS, 

Having traced the early history of the great empire lying west of the Mis- 
sissippi, of which the State of Iowa constitutes a part, from the earliest dis- 
covery to the organization of the Territory of Iowa, it becomes necessary to 
give some history of 

THE INDIANS OF IOWA, 

According to the policy of the European nations, possession perfected title 
to any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was first 
discovered by the Spaniards, but afterward, was visited and occupied by the 
French. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to France again, 



148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and then was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that 
time, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts of the high 
contracting parties that the country they bought, sold and gave away was in 
the possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain 
before Columbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory, 
the United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had 
never been dispossessed ; and it became necessary to purchase .again Avhat had 
already been bought before, or forcibly eject the occupants; therefore, the his- 
tory of the Indian nations who occupied Iowa prior to and during its early set- 
tlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State, 
that cannot be omitted. 

For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Jolict trod the virgin 
soil of Iowa, not a single settlement had been made or attempted ; not even a 
trading post had been established. The whole country remained in the undis- 
puted possession of the native tribes, who roamed at will over her beautiful and 
fertile prairies, hunted in her Avoods, fislied in her streams, and often poured out 
their life-blood in obstinately contested contests for supremacy. That this State 
so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theater of numerous, 
fierce and bloody struggles between rival nations, for possession of the favored 
region, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. 
In these savage wars, the Aveaker party, whether aggressive or defensive, was 
either exterminated or driven from tlieir ancient hunting grounds. 

In 1(373, when Mar<[uette discovered Iowa, the Illini were a very powerful 
people, occupying a large portion of the State ; but when the country was again 
visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on 
the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of 
the Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, 
residing in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually 
fought their way westward, and united, probably, after the Foxes had been driven 
out of the Fox River country, in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death 
of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the 
Illini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois 
were nearly destroyed and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious 
foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of tlie State for a time, in common 
with the Si'C^, but they, too, Avere nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and, 
in "The Beautiful Land," these natives met their equally warlike foes, the 
Northern Sioux, with whom they maintained a constant Avarfare for the posses- 
sion of the country for many years. 

When the LTnited States came in possession of the great valley of the Mis- 
sissippi, 1)y tlie Louisiana purchase, the Sacs and Foxes and lowas possessed 
the entire territory now comprising the State of Iowa. The Sacs and Foxes, 
also, occupied tlie most of the State of Illinois. 

The Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them resided, viz. : 
Their largest and most important town — if an Indian village may be called 
such — and from wliich emanated most of the obstacles and difficulties cncoim- 
tered by the Government in tlie extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this 
region, was on Rock River, near Rock Island ; another was on tlie cast bank of 
the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River ; the third Avas at the 
head of tlie Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose, and the fourth 
Avas near the mouth of the Upper loAva. 

The Foxes had three principal villages, viz. : One on the west side of the 
Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River ; another about twelve 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 149' 

miles from the river, in the rear of the Dubuque lead mines, and the third on 
Turkey River. 

The lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs, of Rock River, had with- 
drawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on 
the Des Moines River, in Van Buren County, on ilie site where lowaville now 
stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas 
was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division 
of the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given : 

'■ Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day 
time, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well settled usages of Indian 
warfare. Tiie battle field was a level river bottom, about fuur miles in length, and two miles 
wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at eitlier end. The main area of this bottom rises 
perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered 
wiih trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of 
the river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near 
the river bank, was situated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of 
the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on 
its summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that 
lime, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the 
country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heavy forest for many 
miles in extent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, affording a convenient shelter 
for the stealihy approach of the foe. 

" Through this forest tlie Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted 
themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and 
make such observations as this near proximity to their intended victim might afford, to aid them 
in their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their 
spies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inhabitants, by 
which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. 

" At the foot of themoundabovementioned, the lowas had their r.ice course, where they diverted 
themselves with the excitement of horse racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry 
evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and 
defense carefully inculcated, by which meansaskill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excelled. 
Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and wholly uncon- 
scious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the race ground, leaving most of 
their arms in the village and their old men and women and children unprotected. 

" Pash-a-po-po, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the- 
advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and 
ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warriors through the tall grass and gain the cover 
of the timber along the river bank, and with the utmost speed reach the village and commence 
the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a simultaneous as-ault on 
the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. The plan 
was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reached the 
village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the defenseless inhabi ants, by firing- 
one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahawk and scalp- 
ing knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as sooa as the 
fire brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. 

" On the instant ot the report of fire arms at the village, the forces under Pash-a-po-po 
leaped from their couihant position iu the grass and sprang tiger-like upon the astonished aud. 
unarmed lowas in the midst of their r.icing sports. The fir.^t impulse of the latter naturally led 
them to make the utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and protect if possible their 
wives and chil Iren from the attack of their merciless assailants. The distance from the plac3 of 
attack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in their flight by the bullets and 
tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way, and 
the survivors only reached their town in time to witness the horrors of its destruction. Their 
whole village was in flames, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaughtered heap* 
amidst the devouring elemmf, an I the agonizing groans of tiie dying, mingled with th) exulting; 
shouts of the victorious foe, fille 1 their he iits with maddening despair. Their wives anlchildrciL 
who had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with their arms were irt 
the hands of the victors ; and all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and 
defenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a relreit across the Des Moine? River,, 
which tliey effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek 
Hills." 

The Sacs and Foxes, prior to the settlement of their village on Rock River, 
hod a fierce conflict with the Winnebagoes, subdued them and took nossessioa 



150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of their lands. Their village on Rock River, at one time, contained upward of 
sixty lodges, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In 
1825, the Secretary of War estimated the entire number of the Sacs and Foxes 
at 4,600 souls. Their village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the 
upper rapids of the Mississippi, Avhere the beautiful and flourishing toAvns of 
Rock Island and Davenport are now situated. The beautiful scenery of the 
island, the extensive prairies, dotted over with groves ; the picturesque bluffs 
along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil, producing large crops of corn, 
squash and other vegetables, with little labor ; the abundance of wild fruit, 
game, fish, and almost everything calculated to make it a delightful spot for an 
Indian village, Avhich was found there, had made this place a favorite home of 
the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole 
nation. 

North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of the 
Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, Avho often disputed possession with tlieir 
rivals in savage and bloody Avarfare. The possessions of these tribes were 
mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and 
Western loAva to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the 
hunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs 
and Foxes ; and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, n, boundary line Avas 
established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty 
held at Prairie du Chien, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the difficulties, 
caused them to (quarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses ujjon 
each other's side of the line. These contests w^ere kept up and became so unre- 
lenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective tribes of the Sacs 
and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width, on both sides 
of the line, and ihus throwing them forty miles apart by creating between them 
a "neutral ground," commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the 
Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on this 
ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United 
States territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux were deadly enemies, and 
neither lot an opportunity to punish the other pass unimproved. 

In April, 1852, a fight occurred between the INIusquaka band of Sacs and 
Foxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Algona, in Kossuth County, 
on the west side of the Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under 
the leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their 
home in Tama County, by way of Clear Lake, to what Avas then the "neutral 
ground." At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah Avas informed that a party of Sioux were 
encamped on the Avest side of the East Fork of the Des jNIoincs, and he deter- 
mined to attack them. AYith sixty of his Avarriors, he started and arrived at a 
point on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment, 
in the night, and concealed themselves in a grove, Avhere they Avere able to dis- 
cover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The next morning, 
after many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vin- 
dictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. The 
conflict was desperate for a short time, but the advantage Avas Avith the assail- 
ants, and the Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their 
women and children, Avere killed, and a boy 14 years old Avas captured. One 
of the Musquakas Avas shot in the breast by a squaAV as they were rushing into 
the Sioux's camp. He started to run away, when the same brave squaAV shot 
him through the bod}^ at a distance of tAventy rods, and he fell dead. Three 
other Sac braves Avere killed. But fcAv of the Sioux escaped. The victorious 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 151 

party hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above ground, 
and made their Avay home, wiih their captive, with all possible expedition. 

pike's EXPEDITION. 

Very soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government 
adopted measures for the exploration of the new territory, having in view the 
conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and, 
also, the selection of proper sites for the establishment of military posts and 
trading stations. The Army of the West, Gen. James Wilkinson commanding, 
had its headquarters at St, Louis. From this post, Captains Lewis and Clark, 
with a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the 
Missouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mis- 
sissippi. Lieut. Pike, with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates, 
left the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months' rations, 
on the 9th day of August, 1805. On the 20th of the same month, the expe- 
dition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines 
Rapids, Avhere Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian 
Agent at this point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and fifteen Sac and 
Fox warriors. 

At the head of the Rapids, where Montrose is noAV situated. Pike held a 
council with the Indians, in which he addressed them substantially as follows : 
" Your great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more 
intimately acquainted with the situation and wants of the different nations of 
red people in our newly acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the 
General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by 
the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." 
At the close of the council he presented the red men with some knives, whisky 
and tobacco. 

Pursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 28d of August, at what is 
supposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, 
which he selected as the location of a militaiy post. He describes the place as 
being " on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the 
west side of the river, in latitude about 41° 21' north. The channel of the 
river runs on that shore ; the hill in front is about sixty feet perpendicular ; 
nearly level on top ; four hundred yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for 
gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for 
the consumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which 
corresponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the 
river, a short distance below the mouth of the Henderson, which pours its waters 
into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from 
the distance, latitude, description and map furnished by Pike, it could not have 
been the place selected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the 
opinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlnigton is now located, 
called by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, "Flint Hills." 

On the 24th, with one of his men, he went on shore on a hunting expedition, 
and following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they 
were led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his 
two favorite dogs, which he had taken with him, became exhausted and he left 
them on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they 
should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reaching the river, he 
waited sometime for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed 
it inexpedient to detam the boat longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pur- 



152 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

suit of them, and he continued on liis way up the river, expecting that the two 
men would soon overtake him. They lost their way, however, and for six days 
were without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might 
have perished, had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who in- 
duced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at 
Dubuque. 

At Dubuque, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman, 
■vvho held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. Dubuque had an old field 
piece and fired a salute in honor of the advent of the first Americans who had 
visited that })art of the Territory. Dubuque, however, was not disposed to pub- 
lish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently in(|uisitive officer 
obtained but little information from him. 

After leaving this place. Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed 
beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explo- 
rations on the upper waters of the Mississippi more properly belongs to the his- 
tory of another State. 

It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at the 
mouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council with the Sioux, September 
2S, and obtained from them a grant of one hundred thousand acres of land. 
On the 8th of January, 1806, Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the 
JS^orthwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47°. At this time the 
then powerful Northwest Company carried on their immense operations from 
Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence; up that river on both sides, along the great 
lakes to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of 
the north and west, to the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of 
their operations the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully accomplishing 
his mission, and performing a valuable service to Iowa and the whole Northwest, 
Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving there on the 30th of April, 1806. 

INDIAN WARS. 

The Territory of Iowa, although it had been purchased by the L^nited States, 
and was ostensibly in the possession of the Government, was still occupied by 
the Indians, who claimed title to the soil by right of ownership and possession. 
Before it could be open to settlement by the whites, it was indispensable that 
the Indian title should be extinguished and the original OAvners removed. The 
accomplishment of this purpose required the expenditure of large sums of 
money and blood, and for a long series of years the frontier was disturbed by 
Indian wars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act 
of oppression on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipulation. 

As previously shown, at the time when the United States assumed the con- 
trol of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State 
was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who 
were not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the 
.encroachments of the pale faces. 

Among the most noted chiefs, and one whose restlessness and hatred of the 
Americans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his 
tribe, was Black Hawk, who was born at the Sac village, on Rock River, in 
1767. He was sim})ly the chief of his own band of Sac Avarriors, but by his 
<^nergy and ambition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs 
iind Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 
1804 until his death. In early manhood he attained some distinction as a 
lighting chief, having led campaigns against the Osages, and other neighboring 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153 

tribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prom- 
inent in affairs on the Mississippi. Some historians have added to the statement 
that " it does not appear tliat he was ever a great general, or possessed any of 
the qualifications of a successful leader." If tliis was so, his life was a marvel. 
How any man who had none of the qualifications of a leader became so prom- 
inent as such, as he did, indicates either that he had some ability, or that his 
cotemporaries, both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said 
to have been the "victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will against the 
Americans," but the impartial historian must admit that if he was the enemy 
of theAmericans, it was certainly not without some reason. 

It will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of the country 
to France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, but retained possession of 
it, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States, in 1804. 
Black Hawk and his band were in St. Louis at the time, and were invited to be 
present and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invitation, 
and it is but just to say that this refusal was caused probably more from 
regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the 
Spanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In 
his life he says : " I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United 
States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the 
Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. 
The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, Ave passed out 
of one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for 
our village, on Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends 
appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that 
strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our 
Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." 

On the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty Avas concluded between William 
Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the United 
States, and five chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by which the latter, in con- 
sideration of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars' Avorth of goods 
then delivered, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars to be paid in 
goods at just cost, ceded to the L^nited States all that land on the east side of 
the Mississppi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Missouri, to 
the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over fifty-one millions of acres. 

To this treaty Black HaAvk always objected and ahvays refused to consider 
it binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it 
had no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they 
held or occupied ; and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite 
a different errand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been 
imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a Avhite man. 

The year folloAving this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike came up 
the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils Avith the Indians and select- 
ing sites for forts Avithin the territory recently acquired from France by the 
United States. Lieutenant Pike seems to have been the first American Avhom 
Black HaAvk CA^er met or had a personal intervicAv Avith ; and he Avas very much 
prepossessed in Pike's fixA^or. He gives the folloAving account of his visit to 
Rock Island : 

" A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party 
of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt River. Some of our 
young braves Avatched them every day, to see Avhat sort of people he had on 
board. The boat at length arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on 



154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

shore ■with his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We 
in turn presented them Avith meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. 
We Avere ■well pleased Avith the young chief. He gave us good advice, and said 
our American father would treat us well." 

The events which soon followed Pike's expedition Avere the erection of Fort 
Edwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort Madison, on the site of the 
present town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These 
movements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When Avork Avas 
commenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headeil by some of 
their chiefs, Avent down to see Avhat the Americans Avere doing, and had an in- 
terview Avith the commander; after Avhich they returned home apparently satis- 
fied. In like manner, Avhen Fort Madison Avas being erected, they sent down 
another delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock River. Accord- 
mg to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he Avas build- 
ing a house for a trader Avho Avas coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the 
soldiers Avere coming to keep him company — a statement Avhich Black Hawk 
says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort Avas an encroachment 
upon their rights, and designed to aid in getting their lands away from them. 

It has been held by good American authorities, that the erection of Fort 
Madison at the point Avhere it was located was a violation of the treaty of 1804. 
By the eleventh article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a 
fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin River ; by article six they had bound 
themselves " that if any citizen of the United States or any other Avhite persons 
should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should forthAvith be 
removed." Probably the authorities of the United States did not reg-ard the 
establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the 
terra ''settlement," as used in the treaty. At all events, they ei'ected Fort 
Madison Avithin the territory reserved to the Indians, who became very indig- 
nant. Not long after the fort Avas built, a party led by Black HaAvk attempted 
iis destruction. They sent spies to Avatch the movements of the garrison, Avho 
ascertained that the soldiers Avere in the habit of marching out of the fort every 
morning and evening for ])arade, and the plan of the party Avas to conceal them- 
selves near the fort, and attack and surprise them Avhcn they Avere outside. On 
tiie morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers came out and Avere fired 
upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians Avere too hasty in 
tlieir movement, for the regular drill had not yet commenced. However, they 
kept up the attack for several days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting 
fire to the fort Avith blazing arroAvs ; but finding their efforts unavailing, ihey 
soon gave up and returned to Rock River. 

When Avar Avas declared between the United States and Great Britain, in 
1812, Black HaAvk and his band allied themselves Avitli the British, partly 
because he Avas dazzled by their specious promises, and more probably because 
they had been deceived by the Americans. Black HaAvk himself declared that 
they Avere '"forced into the Avar by being deceived.' He narrates the circum- 
stances as folloAvs : " Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and 
Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Crreat Father. On 
their return, they related Avhat had been said and done. They said the Great 
Father Avished them, in the event of a Avar taking place with England, not to 
interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not Avant oiir help, but 
wished us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that 
British traders Avould not be permitted to come on the Mississippi to furnish us 
with goods, but that we should be supplied with an American trader. Our 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 155 

chiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the 
Fall for guns, powder and goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. 
He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods ; 
that we should go there in the Fall and he would supply us on credit, as the 
British traders had done." 

Black Hawk seems to have accepted of this proposition, and he and his 
people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their 
Winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the 
trader their outfit of supplies. But, after waiting some time, they were told by 
the trader that he would not trust them. It was in vain that they pleaded the 
promise of their great father at Washington. The trader was inexorable ; and, 
disappointed and crestfallen, they turned sadly toward their own village. ''Few 
of us," says Black Hawk, " slept that night ; all was gloom and discontent. In 
the morning, a canoe was seen ascending the river ; it soon arrived, bearing an 
express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock 
Island with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up imme- 
diately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The 
express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through 
our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and aK 
started for Rock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, 
having been forced into the war by being deceived." 

He joined the British, who flattered him, styled him " Gen. Black Hawk," 
decked him with medals, excited his jealousies against the Americans, and 
armed his band ; but he met with defeat and disappointment, and sjon aban- 
doned the service and came home. 

With all his skill and courage, Black Hawk was unable to lead all the Sacs 
and Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A portion of them, at the head 
of whom was Keokuk ("the Watchful Fox"), were disposed to abide by the 
treaty of 1804, and to cultivate friendly relations with the American people. 
Therefore, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great 
Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection, organized, 
with Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation into the " War and the 
Peace party." 

Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that the 
nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable 
to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and havnig all 
the old men and women and children belonging to the warriors who had joined 
the British on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed 
that Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefs, together with the old men, 
women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to 
St. Louis and place themselves under the American chief stationed there. 
They accordingly went down, and were received as the "friendly band" of the 
Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On 
Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced 
to him as the Avar chief of the braves then in the village. He inquii'ed how he 
had become chief, and was informed that their spies had seen a large armed 
force going toward Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the 
¥>illage ; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village 
and cross over to the west side of the Mississippi. " Keokuk had been standing 
at the door of the lodge where the council was held, not being allowed to enter 
on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me 
came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which Wa-co-rae 



156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

obtained for him. Keokuk tlien addressed the chiefs ; he remonstrated against 
the desertion of their vilhige, their own homes and the graves of their fathers, 
and offered to defend the vilhige. The council consented that he should be 
their Avar chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the 
trail leading to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans 
did not disturb the village, and all were satisfied with the appointment of 
Keokuk. 

Keokuk, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the Sac branch of the 
nation, and was born on Rock Kiver, in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, 
but possessed the elements of true courage, and could fight, when occasion 
required, with a cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle, he en- 
countered and killed a Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he 
was honored with a public feast by his tribe in connnemoration of the event. 

Keokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most 
gifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing ; in his public 
speeches, he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures ; he spoke 
rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible ; he culled his fig- 
ures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un- 
fortunately for the reputation of Keokuk, as an orator among white people, he 
was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- 
ance with ])hilosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac- 
quainted with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance 
to his fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had 
received a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the 
latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian of his 
career among the white people, he was compelled to submit his speeches for 
translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the fiights of 
a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power 
of reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English language to make 
him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of morti- 
fication at the bungling efforts was depicted on his countenance while speaking. 
The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in 
the Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to those who under- 
stood his language, and witness the electrical effect of his eloquence upon his 
audience. 

Keokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a 
more intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States, 
than his noted and restless cotemporary. Black Hawk. Ho knew from the first 
that the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on 
could result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used every arg^iment against 
it. The harge number of warriors whom lie had dissuaded from following Black 
Hawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillman's 
defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would 
have forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the warriors in 
the field. A war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be 
moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he 
called the council to prepare for war. He made a speech, in which he admitted 
the justice of their complaints against the Americans. To seek redress was a 
noble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by 
the white man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in battle, called loudly for 
vengeance. •• I am your chief," he said, "and it is my duty to lead you to bat- 
tle, if, after fully consi(L';vag the matter, you are determined to go. But before 



IIISTORr OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157 

you decide on taking this important step, it is wise to inquire into the chances of 
success." He then portrayed to them the great power of the United States, 
against whom they Avould have to contend, tliat their chance of success was 
utterly hopeless. " But," said he, " if you do determine to go upon the war- 
path, I will agree to lead you, on one condition, viz.: that before we go, we will 
kill all our old men and our wives and children, to save them from a lingering 
deatli of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on 
the other side of the Mississippi." 

This was a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before them, and was 
presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor, and cause them to aban- 
don the rash undertaking. 

But during the war of 1832, it is now considered certain that small bands of 
Indians, from the west side of the Mississippi, made incursions into the white 
settlements, in the lead mining region, and committed some murders and dep- 
redations. 

When peace was declared between the United States and England, Black 
Hawk Avas required to make peace with the former, and entered into a treaty 
at Portage des Sioux, September 14, 1815, but did not " touch the goose-quill 
to it until May 13, 1816, when he smoked the pipe of peace with the great 
Avhite chief," at St. Louis, This treaty was a rencAval of the treaty of 1804, 
but Black Hawk declared he had been deceived ; that he did not know that by 
signing the treaty he Avas giving aAvay his village. This Aveighed upon his mind, 
already soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroachments of 
the Avhites ; and Avhen, a fcAv years later, he and his people Avere driven from 
their possessions by the military, he determined to return to the home of his 
fathers. 

It is also to be remarked that, in 1816, by treaty Avith various tribes, the 
United States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line 
drawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan Avest to the Mississippi, 
except a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississippi River, supposed then 
to be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and adjacent to Fever River, 
and one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. 

THE BLACK HAAVK AVAR. 

The immediate cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the occupation of 
Black Hawk's village, on the Rock River, by the Avhites, during the absence of 
the chief and his braves on a hunting expedition, on the Avest side of the 
Mississippi. When they returned, they found their wigwams occupied by AA'hite 
families, and their own women and children Avere shelterless on the banks of 
the Yivev. The Indians Avere indignant, and determined to repossess their village 
at all hazards, and early in the Spring of 1831 recrossed the Mississippi and 
menacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins. It may bcAvell 
to remark here that it Avas expressly stipulated in the treaty of lb04, to Avhich 
they attributed all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged to 
leave their lands until they Avere sold by the United States, and it does not 
appear that they occupied any lands other than those owned by the Governmenr. 
If this Avas true, the Indians had good cause for indignation and complaint. 
But the whites, driven out in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous 
against Avhat they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of 
Illinois, ordered Gen Gaines to Rock Island with a military force to drive the 
Indians again from their homes to the Avest side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk 
says he did not intend to beproA'-oked into Avar by anything less than the blood of 



158 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

soraeof his o^vn people ; in other ■words, tliat there "would be no war unless it should 
be commenced by the pale faces. But it Avas said and i)robably thought by tlie mili- 
tary commanders along the frontier that the Indians intended to unite in a general 
"war against the "\vhites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does not 
appear that the hardy frontiersmen themselves had any fears, for their experi- 
ence had been that, when well treated, their Indian neighbors w^ere not danger- 
ous. Black Hawk and his band had done no more than to attempt to repossess the 
the old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood 
had been shed. I>lack Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new 
treaty was made, by which Black Hawk and his band agreed to remain forever 
on the Iowa side and never recross the river without the permission of the 
President or the Governor of Illinois. Whether the Indians clearly understood 
the terms of this treaty is uncertain. As was usual, the Indian traders had 
dictated terms on their behalf, and they had received a large amount of pro- 
visions, etc., from the Government, but it may well be doubted whether the 
Indians comprehended that they could never revisit the graves of their fathers 
without violating their treat3^ They undoubtedly thought that they had agreed 
never to recross the Mississippi with hostile intent. However this may be, on 
the 6th day of April, 1832, Black Hawk and his entire band, with their women 
and children, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of 
Fort Armstrong, and went up Rock River. Although this act was construed 
into an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black 
Hawk intended to recover his village, or the site where it stood, by force ; but 
it does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his apearance 
create any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians never 
went on the war path encumbered with the old men, their women and t'leir 
children. 

The Galenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk 
was invited by the Prophet and had taken possession of a tract about forty 
miles up Rock River ; but that he did not remain there long, but commenced 
his march up Rock River. Capt. W. B. Green, who served in Capt. Stephen- 
son's company of mounted rangers, says that " Black Hawk and h's band 
crossed the river with no hostile intent, but that his band had had bad luck in 
hunting during the previous Winter, were actually in a starving condition, and 
had come over to spend the Summer with a friendly tribe on the head waters of 
the Rock and Illinois Rivers, by invitation from their chief. Other old set- 
tlers, who all agree that Black Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that he came 
back to the west side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new 
supply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this movement, Avliich 
resulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that, during 
the Fall and Winter of 1831-2, his people became deeply indebted to their 
favorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been fortunate 
in hunting, and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outlawed 
in one year. If, therefore, the Indians could be induced to come over, and the 
fears of the mditary could be sufficiently aroused to pursue them, another treaty 
could be negotiated, and from the payments from the Government the shrewd 
trader could get his pay. Just a week after Black Hawk crossed the river, on 
the 13th of April, 1832, George Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson : '' I am 
informed that the British band of SUc Indians are determined to make war on 
the frontier settlements. * * * From every information that I have 
received, I am of the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac 
Ind.ans is to commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159 

yet, from the 6th day of April until after Stilhiian's men commenced war by 
firing on a flag of truce from Bhxck Hawk, no murders nor depredations were 
committed by the British band of Sac Indians. 

It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the BLick 
Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the State of Illinois. 
It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful affiiir at Stillman's Run, Black 
Hawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, were determine.l 
to exterminate his people, determined to return to the Iowa side of the Missis- 
sippi, tie could not return by the way he came, for the army was behind him, 
an army, too, that would sternly refuse to recognize the white flag of peace. 
His only course was to make his way northward and reach the Mississippi, if 
possible, before the troops could overtake him, and this he did ; but, before he 
could get his women and children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a 
battle ensued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty Lieu- 
tenant, "the Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that the starving 
Indians did not wish to fight, but would return to the Avest side of the Missis- 
sippi, peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention Avas paid to 
this second effort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be obtained, 
the pursuit Avas resumed, the flying Indians were overtaken again eight miles 
before tliey reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the slaughter (it should not 
be dignified by the name of battle) commenced. Here, OA'ercome by starvation 
and the victorious Avhites, his band Avas scattered, on the 2d day of August, 
1832. Black HaAvk escaped, but was brought into camp at Prairie du Chien 
by three Winnebagoes. He Avas confined in Jefferson Barracks until the 
Spring of 1833, Avhen he was sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On 
the 2(3th of April, they Avere taken to Fortress Monroe, Avhere they remained 
till the 4th of June, 1833, Avhen orders Avere given for them to be liberated and 
returned to their own country. By order of the President, he Avas brouglit 
back to loAva through the principal JSastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him 
all along his route, and he Avas very much flattered by the attentions he 
received. He lived among his people on the loAva River till that reservation 
was sold, in 1836, when, Avith the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to 
the Des Moines ReserA^ation, Avhere he remained till his death, Avhich occurred 
on the 3d of October, 1838. 



INDIAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES, 

At the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty Avas made at a 
council held on the Avest bank of the Mississippi, Avhere noAv stands tlie thriving 
city of Davenport, on grounds noAv occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific Railroad Company, on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this 
council, the United States were represented by Gen. Wmfield Scott and Gov. 
Reynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other chiefs and 
warriors of the Sac and Fox nation were present. By this treaty, the Sacs and 
Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa 
fifty miles Avide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the 
Upper loAva River, containing about six million acres. The western line of the 
purchase Avas parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession, 
the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated 
tribes, for thirty consecutive years, tAventy thousand dollars in specie, and to 
pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for 



160 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

seventeen years and amounted to fifty thousand dollars, due to Davenport & 
Farnham, Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the 
Sac and Fox women and children whose husbands and fathers had fallen in the 
Black Hawk war, thirty-five beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of 
pork, fifty barrels of flour and six thousand bushels of corn. 

This territory is known as the "JBlack Hawk Purchase." Although it was 
not tlie first portion of loAva ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, 
it was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed 
across the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguished. The treaty 
was ratified February 13, 1833, and took effect on the 1st of June following, 
when the Indians quietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and 
beautiful region was opened to white settlers. 

By the terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk Purchase was reserved for 
the Sacs and Foxes 400 s([uare miles of land situated on the Iowa River, and in- 
Icuding within its limits Keokuk's village, on the right bank of that river. This 
tract was known as '' Keokuk's Reserve; ' and was occupied by the Indians until 
1836, when, by a treaty made in September between them and Gov. Dodge, of 
Wisconsin Territory, it was ceded to the United States. The council was held 
on the banks of the Mississippi, above Davenport, and was the lai'gest assem- 
blage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. 
About one thousand of their chiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk was 
their leading spirit and principal speaker on the occasion. By the terms of the 
treaty, the Sacs and Foxes were removed to another reservation on the Des 
Moines River, where an agency was established for them at what is now the 
town of Agency City. 

Besides the Keokuk Reserve, the Government gave out of the Black Hawk 
Purchase to Antoine Le Claire, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land 
opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the 
island, on the Iowa side. This was the first land title granted by the United 
States to an individual in Iowa. 

Soon after the removal of the Sacs and Foxes to their new reservation 
on the Des INIoines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street was transferred from the 
agency of the Winmbagoes, at Prairie du Cliien, to establish an agency 
among them. A farm was selected, on which the necessary buildings were 
erected, including a comfortable farm house for the agent and his family, at 
the expense of tiie Indian Fund. A salaried agent was employed to superin- 
tend the farm and dispose of the crops. Two mills were erected, one on Soap 
Creek and the other on Sugar Crock. The latter was soon swept away by a 
flood, but tlie former remained and did good service for many years. Connected 
with the agency were Joseph Smart and John Goodell, interpreters. The 
latter was interpreter for Hard Fish's band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Keo- 
kuk, Wapello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, the two former 
on the right bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in Avhat is now 
"Keokuk's Prairie," and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa. 
Among the traders connected with the agency were the Messrs. Ewing, from 
Ohio, and Phelps & Co., from Illinois, and also Mr. J. P. Eddy, who estab- 
lished his post at what is now the site of Eddyville. 

The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of tlieir 
natural and Avonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation. 
Keokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has 
been reported that he died of delirium tremens after his removal with his 
tribe to Kansas. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 161 

In May, 1843, most of tlie Indians were removed up the Des Moines River, 
above the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of their 
lands in Iowa to the United States on the 21st of September, 1837, and on the 
11th of October, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession 
of the " New Purchase " till the Autumn of 1845, when the most of them 
were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in the 
Spring of 1846. 

1. Treaty with the Sioux — Made July 19, 1815 ; ratified December 16, 1815. This treaty 
was made at Portage des Sioux, between the Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa and the United 
States, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, Commissioners, and was merely a treaty of peace 
and friendship on the part of those Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 
1812. 

2. Treaty with the S'lrs. — A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Sioux, between 
the United States and the Sacs, by William Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Choteau, on the 
V-\i\x of September, 1815, and ratified at the same date as the above. In this, the treaty of 1804 
was re-affirmed, and the Sacs here represented promised for themselves and their bands to keep 
entirely separate from the Sacs of Rock River, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British 
in the war just then closed. 

3. Treaty with the Foxes.- — A sejjarate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage 
des Sioux, by the same Commissioner.s, on the 14th of September, 1815, and ratified the same as 
the above, wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty of St. Louis, of November 3, 1804, and 
agreeil to deliver up all their prisoners to the officer in command at Fort Clark, now Peoria, 
Illinois. 

4. Teaty tcith the lowas. — A treaty of peace and mutual good will was made between the 
United States and the Iowa tribe of Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same Commissioners 
as above, on the 16th of September, 1815, at the close of the war with Great Britain, and ratified 
ut the same date as the others. 

5. T eaty with the Socs of Ro'k River — Made at St. Louis on the 11th of May, 1816, between 
the United States and the Sacs of Rock River, by the Commissioners, William Clark, Ninian 
Edwards and Auguste Choteau, and ratified December 30, 1816. In this treaty, that of 1804 
was re established and confirmed by twenty-two chiefs and head men of the Sacs of Rock River, 
and Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, as he said, " touched the goose quill." 

G. Treaty of 1S24- — On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was made between the United 
States and the Sacs and Foxes, in the city of Washington, by Williim Clark, Commissioner, 
wherein the Sac and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands in'Missouri and that portion 
of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " Half-Breed Tract" was set off and reserved for 
the use of the half-breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, they holding title in the same manner as In- 
dians. Ratified January 18, 1825. 

7. Treaty of August 19, 1S25. — At this date a treaty was made by William Clark and Lewis 
Cass, at Prairie du Chien, between the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Me- 
nomonees, Winnebagoes and a portion of the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In this treaty, in 
order to make peace between the contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting 
grounds in Iowa, it was agreed that the United States Government should run a boundary line 
between the Sioux, on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes, on the south, as follows: 

Commencing at the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on the west bank of the Mississippi, 
and ascending said Iowa River to its west fork ; thence up the fork to its source ; thence cross- 
ing the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines 
River ; thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet River, and down that river to its 
junction with the ]\Hssouri River. 

8. Treaty of 1830.— On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate tribes of the Sacs and Foxes 
ceded to the United States a strip of country lying south of the above line, twenty miles in width, 
and extending along the line aforesaid from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. The Sioux 
also, whose possessions were north of the line, ceded to the Government, in the same treaty, a 
like strip on the north side of the boundary. Thus the United States, at the ratification of this 
treaty, February 24, 1831, came into possession of a portion of Iowa forty miles wide, extend- 
ing along the Clark and Cass line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. This 
territory was known as the " Neutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line were 
allowed to fish and hunt on it unmolested till it was made a ^^ innebago reservation, and the 
"Winnebagoes were removed to it in 1841. 

9. Treaty tviih the Sacs and Foxes and other Tribes. — At the same time of the above treaty re- 
specting the "Neutral Ground" (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omahas, 
lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boun- 
daries of which were defined as follows : Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, 
and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the fork of the first creek that 
falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side ; thence down said creek and the Calumet 



162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOVvA. 

River to the Missouri River; thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above 
the Kansas ; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State ; thence to the high lands 
between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands alone 
the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand Hiver ; thence along said high lands or rid'^e 
separating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source 
of the Boyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of 
beginning. 

It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned 
and allutted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living 
thereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other pur- 
poses. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to 
pay to the Sacs three thousand dollars ; to the Foxes, three thousand dollars ; to the Sioux, 
two thousand dollars; to the Yankton and Santie bands of Sioux, three thousand dollars; to the 
Oniahas, two thousand five hundred dollars; and to the Ottoes and Missouris, two thousand five 
hundred dollars — to be paid annually for ten successive years. In addition to these annuities, 
the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultural imple- 
ments to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart 
three thousand dollars annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not 
appear that any fort was erected in this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the 
Neutral Ground, in 1840-41. 

This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian affairs, and Col. Willouehby 
.Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into effect by proclamation, February 
24, 1831. 

10. Treaty with the Winnebagoes. — Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, September 15, 18o2, 
by Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Win- 
nebagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the ^lississippi, and 
in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winnebagoes, to be held as other 
Indian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground. The exchange of the 
two tracts of country was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to 
the Neutral Ground, it was stipulated that the United Slates should give the Winnebagoes, begin- 
ning in September, 1833, and continuing for twenty-seven successive years, ten thousand dollars 
in specip, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other facili- 
ties for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost three thousand dollars a year, and 
to continue the same for twenty-seven successive years. Six agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen 
and plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government. 

11. Treaty of 1S32 luilh tl e Sac.i and Foxs'. — Already mentioned as the Bl.ack Hawk purchase. 

12. Treaty of 1836, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's Reserve to the United States; 
for which the Government stipulated to pay thirty thousand dollars, and an annuity of ten thou- 
sand dollars for ten successive years, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to 
various parties. 

13. Treaty of 1837.— On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Wash- 
ington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of 
Sacs and Foxes, ratified February 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained, 
described in the treity as follows: "A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west 
and adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21, 
1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the noi-th- 
ern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the 
United States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended 
wcstwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above 
survey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last 
mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty-five miles " 

This piece of land was twenty-five miles wide in the middle, and ran off to a point at both 
ends, lying directly back of the Black Hawk Purchase, and of the same length. 

14 Treaty of RelinquUhment. — At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washing- 
ton, Car?y A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their 
right and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes 
and Sioux, as described in the treaty of August 19, 1825, and between the Mississippi and Mis- 
souri Rivers, the United States paying for the same one hundred and sixty thousand dollars. 
The Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them, 
for the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made. 

15. Treaty of 1842. — The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842; 
ratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John 
Chambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians 
" ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim 
or title." By the terms d this treat}' they were to be removed from the country at the expira- 
tion of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at thei» own expense. Part 
of them were removed to Kansas in the Fall of 1845, and the rest the Spring following. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 163 



SPANISH GRANTS. 



While the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was under Spanish 
rule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain claims to and grants of land 
were made by the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment 
of Indian titles, the United States had to deal. It is proper that these should 
be briefly reviewed. 

Dubuque. — On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a French- 
man, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of lands 
on the Mississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of thd present city of 
Dubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the 
wife of Peosta Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all the lead 
bearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and 
commenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. The place became 
known as the "Spanish Miners," or, more commonly, "Dubuque's Lead 
Mines." 

In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish 
Governor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might 
be granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition, 
Dubucpie rather indefinitely set forth the boundaries of this claim as "about 
seven leagues along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in width from the 
river," intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little 
Maquokcta and the Tete des Mertz Rivers, embracing more than twenty thou- 
sand acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was 
subsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana. 

In October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to 
Auguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17tli of May, 1805, he and Choteau 
jointly filed their claims with the Board of Commissioners. On the 20th of 
September, 1806, the Board decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be 
a regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to the 1st day of October, 
1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. 

Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that the claim 
of Dubu([ue under their former act of cession was only a permit to occupy the 
tract and work the mines during his life, and that at his death they reverted to 
them, took possession and continued mining operations, and Avere sustained by 
the military authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of the 
Commissioners. When the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Du- 
bu(jue claim thus held by the Indians was absorbed by the L^nited States, as the 
Sacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832. 

The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish then- claim 
without a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an agent to look after their 
interests, and authorized him to lease the right to dig lead on the lands. The 
miners who cominenced work under this agent were compelled by the military to 
abandon their operations, and one of the claimants went to Galena to institute 
legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did 
bring an action for the recovery of a (juantity of lead dug at Dubuque, for the 
purpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, however, he was 
non-suited. 

By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the town of Dubuque was sur- 
veyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by the purchasers, 
Henry Choteau brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Malony, who 



164 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

held land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States, for tlie recovery 
of seven undivided eighth parts of tlie Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste 
Choteau in 1804. The case was tried in the District Court of the United States 
for the District of Iowa, and Avas decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was 
carried to the Supreme Court of the United States on a writ of error, when it 
was heard at the December term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court was 
affirmed, the court holding that the permit from Carondolet was merely a lease 
or permit to work the mines ; that Dubu(jue asked, and the Governor of Louisiana 
granted, nothing more than the "peaceable possession " of certain lands obtained 
from the Indians ; that Carondelet had no legal authority to make snch a grant 
as claimed, and that, even if he had, this was but an " inchoate and imperfect 
title." 

Giarcl. — In 1795, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Louisiana granted to 
Basil Giard five thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, in what is now 
Clayton County, known as the "Giard Tract." He occupied the land during 
the time that Iowa pass,ed from Spain to France, and from France to the United 
States, in consideration of Avhich the Federal Government granted a patent of 
the same to Giard in his own right. His heirs sold the whole tract to James H. 
Lockwoodand Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du Chien, for three hundred dollars. 

Honori. — March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, Acting Lieutenant Governor of 
Upper Louisiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of land on the site of the 
present town of Montrose, as follows: " It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson) 
Henori, or Louis Honore Fesson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids 
of the River Des INIoines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be 
given to the Governor General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space 
sufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it 
useful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and 
keep them in the fidelity which they owe to His Majesty." 

Honori took immediate possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805. 
While trading with the natives, he became indebted to Joseph Robedoux, wlio 
obtained an execution on which the property Avas sold ]VIay 13, 1803, and was 
purchased by the creditor. In these proceedings the property Avas described as 
beino; " about six leaajues above the River Des Moines." Robedoux died soon 
after he purchased the proprerty. Auguste Choteau, his executor, disposed of 
the Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to which time 
Honori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish government, 
was a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the United 
States. After the half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was 
included, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the 
title of the Reddeck heirs, but it was finally confirmed by a decision of the 
Supreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any 
land in the State of Iowa. 



THE HALF-BREED TRACT. 

Before any permanent settlement had been made in the Territory of Iowa, 
white adventurers, trappers and traders, many of whom Avere scattered along 
the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur 
Company, intermarried Avith the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing 
a race of half-breeds, Avhose number was* never definitely ascertained. There 
were some respectable and excellent people among them, children of men of 
some refinement and education. For instance : Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated 



I 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 165 

at Edinburgh, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a 
military post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, 
and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other exam- 
ples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and 
the race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. 

A treaty was made at Washington, August 4, 1824, between the Sacs and 
Foxes and the United States, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved 
to the half breeds of those tribes, and which was afterward known as " The 
Half-Breed Tract." This reservation is the triangular piece of land, containing 
about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi andDes Moines Rivers. It is 
bounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of Missouri. 
This line Avas intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have 
caused it to strike the Mississippi River at or below Montrose ; but the surveyor who 
run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle as he proceeded 
eastAvard, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more 
to the northAvard of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi, so that it 
struck that river at the loAver edge of the town of Fort Madison. " This errone- 
ous line," says Judge Mason, "has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the 
northern limit of the Half-Breed Tract as in determining the northern boundary 
line of the State of Missouri." The line thus run included in the reserA-ation 
a portion of the lower part of the city of Fort Madison, and all of the present 
toAvnships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jefferson, Des Moines, Montrose and 
Jackson - 

Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil, 
but could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States. But 
on the 30tli day of January, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary right 
was relinquished, and the half-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This 
was no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the 
half-breed OAvners, and, in many instances, a gun, a blanket, a pony or a fcAV 
quarts of whisky Avas sufficient for the purchase of large estates. There Avas 
a deal of sharp practice on both sides ; Indians Avould often claim oAvnership of 
land by virtue of being half-breeds, and had no difficulty in proving their mixed 
blood by the Indians, and they Avould then cheat the speculators by selling land 
to which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often 
claimed land in Avhich they had no OAvnership. It Avas diamond cut diamond, 
until at last things became badly mixed. There Avere no authorized surveys, 
and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and 
quarrels ensued. 

To settle these difficulties, to decide the validity of claims or sell them for 
the benefit of the real oAvners, by act of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory, 
approved January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David 
Brigham Avere appointed Commissioners, and clothed Avith power to effect these 
objects. The act provided that these Commissioners should be paid six dollars 
a day each. The commission entered upon its duties and continued until the 
next session of the Legislature, Avhcn the act creating it Avas repealed, invalidat- 
ing all that had been done and depriving the Commissioners of their pay. The 
repealing act, hoAvever, authorized the Commissioners to commence action against 
the oAvners of the Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the Dis- 
trict Court of Lee County. Two judgments Avere obtained, and on execution 
the Avhole of the tract Avas sold to Hugh T. Reid, the Sheriff executing the 
deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his OAvn title Avas 
questioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid 



166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and those holding under him were made by l)oth District and Supreme Courts, 
but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme 
Court of the United States in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiff in error, vs. 
Hugh T. lleid, and the judgment titles failed. About nine years before the 
"judgment titles " were finally abrogated as above, anotlier class of titles were 
brought into competition with them, and in the conflict between the two, the 
final decision was obtained. These were the titles based on the " decree of 
partition " issued by the United States District Court for the Territory of Iowa, 
on the 8th of May, 1841, and certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of 
that year. Edward eJohnstone and Hugh T. Rcid, then law partners at Fort 
Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of tlic St. Louis claimants of 
half-breed lands. Francis 8. Key, author of the Star Spangled Banner, Avho 
was then attorney for the New York Land Company, Avhicli held heavy interests 
in these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drew up the document in 
which it was presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- 
sided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred and one shares 
and arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should 
abide the result, whatever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the 
lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder's office, October (), 
1841. Lipon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are now held. 



EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 

The first permanent settlement by the whites within the limits of Iowa was 
made by Julien Dubuque, in 1788, when, with a small party of miners, he set- 
tled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his 
death, in 1810. Louis Honori settled on the site of the ])resent town of Mon- 
trose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1805, when his property passed 
into other hands. Of the Giard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, little is 
known, except that it was occupied by some parties prior to the commencement 
of the present century, and contained three cabins in 1805. Indian traders, 
although not strictly to be considered settlers, had established themselves at 
various points at an early date. A Mr. Johnson, agent of tiie American Fur 
Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on traflic with 
the Indians some time before the United States possessed the country. In 
1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at what is now Sandusky, six 
miles above Keokuk, in Lee County. In 1820, Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set- 
tlement on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. 

The first settlement in Lee County was made in 1820, by Dr. Samuel C. 
Muir, a surgeon in the United States army, who had been stationed at Fort 
Edwards, now Warsaw, 111., and who built a cabin where the city of Keokuk 
now stands. Dr. Muir was a man of strict integrity and irreproachable char- 
acter. While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, he had 
married an Indian woman of the Fox nation. Of his marriage, the following 
romantic account is given : 

The post at which he was stationed was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native 
name, unfortunately, has not been preserved — who, in lier dreams, liad seen a white brave un- 
moor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, 
according to the superstitious belief of her race, that, in her dreams, she had seen her future 
husband, and had come to the fort to find him. IVIeeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized 
him as tlic liero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related (o 
him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed witli Sophia's beauty, innocence and devo- 
tion, the doctor honorably niarried her ; but after a while, the sneers and gibes of his brother 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 167 

officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and 
when his regiment was ordered down the river, to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced the 
opportunity to rid liimself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little 
dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this in- 
trepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and, after many days of weary labor and a 
lonely journey of nine hundred miles, she, at last, reached him. She afterward i-emarked. when 
speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there' 
I was all perished away — so thin ! " The doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her 
to his heart, and ever after, until his death, treated her with marked respect. She always pre- 
sided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In 
1819-20, he was stationed at Fort Edward, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother 
officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. 

After building his cabin, as above stated, he leased his claim for a term of years to Otis 
Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe, afterward Galena, where he 
practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to 
him four children — Louise (married at Keokuk, since dead), James, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary 
and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 18o2, but left his property in such condition 
that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and 
penniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, it is said, returned to 
her people on the Upper Missouri. 

Messrs. Reynolds k Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, 
subsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, who arrived with 
his family in 1828, and took possession of Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, 
Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. 

His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, 
at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk 
now stands. She was probably the first white American child born in Iowa. 

In 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a 
station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and, Dr. Muir 
having returned from Galena, he and Isaac R. Campbell took the place and 
buildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and 
hiilf-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern 
part of Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the 
natives carried on a farm and kept a tavern. 

Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. 

In 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of 
Vermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du- 
buque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former 
from as early as 1824. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object 
of great interest to the miners about Galena, for tliey were known to be rich in 
lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work them was 
therefore eminently desirable. 

In 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross- 
ing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim- 
ming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now known as Jones Street 
Levee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du- 
buque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, Avas a vil- 
lage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy- proceeded, and was well re- 
ceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine 
in their hills, but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gaining the con- 
fidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior 
for three weeks and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as 
guides, and traversed in different directions the whole region 1\ ino; betAvecn the 
Maquoketa and Turkey Rivers, He returned to the village, secured the good 
will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans for future opera- 
tions, to be executed as soon as circumstances would pcimit. 



168 HISTORY OF TilE STATE OF IOWA. 

In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., -and otliers, having obtained the con- 
sent of the Indians, Mr. Langwortliy crossed the Mississippi and commenced 
mining in the vicinity around Dubuque. 

At this time, tlie hinds were not in the actual possession of the United States. 
Although they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been 
extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State 
or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their 
own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case 
demanded. The first act resembling civil legishition within the limits of the 
present State of Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They 
met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at 
what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con- 
sisting of J. L. Langworthy, II. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales, 
and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem- 
bers of which gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- 
ported the following, written by Mr. Langworthy, on a half sheet of coarse, un- 
ruled paper, the old log being the writing desk : 

We, a Committee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by 
which we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously 
agree that we will be governed by the regulations on tlie east side of the Mississippi River,* with 
the following exceptions, to wit : 

Aktu'lp, I. That each and every, man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working 
said ground one day in six. 

ARTirLB If. We further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners 
present, a person who shall hold this article, .and who sh.all grant letters of arbitration on appli- 
cation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the paities so 
applying. 

The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote, in 
accordance Avith Article 2. Here, then, we have, in 1880, a primitive Legisla- 
ture elected by the people, the law drafted by it bemg submitted to the people 
for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the 
limits of the present State of Iowa. And it is to be said tliat the laws thus 
enacted were as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive officer thus 
elected as duly respected, as any have been since. 

The miners who had thus erected an independent government of their own 
on the Avest side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a 
long time, and the new settlement attracted considerable attention. But tlie 
west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov- 
ernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as Avell as to protect the 
Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not on\j to stop 
mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They were simply intruders. 
The execution of this order was entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in com- 
mand of the military post at Prairie dii Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer 
to the miners Avith orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to 
remove Avithin ten days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they Avould be 
driven off by armed force. The miners, hoAvever, were reluctant about leaving 
the rich "leads" they had already discovered and opened, and Avere not dis- 
poned to obey the order to remove Avith any considerable degree of alacrity. In 
due time. Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The 
miners, anticipating tlieir arrival, liad, excepting three, recrossed the river, and 
from the east bank saAV the troops land on the western shore. The three Avho 
had lingered a little too long Avere, however, permitted to make their escape 

* Kbtablished by the Superintendent of V. S. Lead Mines at Fever Kiver. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169 

unmolested. From this time, a military force was stationed at Dubuque to 
prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The Indians returned, 
and were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white 
occupants. 

In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the 
annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the 
west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- 
tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to 
the United States the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the set- 
tlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned 
and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared 
large quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on 
the river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners 
were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that 
the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although 
they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again 
ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 18o3, 
troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. 
This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. 
They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It 
must now be said, simply, that "red tape" should be respected. The purchase 
had been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be ; the Indians had retired, 
and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this 
rigorous action of the Government can be given. 

But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. 
Many of the settlers recrossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, 
removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, 
in which to store their lead until Spring, when they could float the fruits of 
their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty 
went into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang- 
worthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three hundred thousand 
pounds of lead. 

Lieut. Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col. 
Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons 
and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on 
the part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was sternly 
rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil- 
son, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who Avere only 
waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. 

June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops were withdrawn, 
and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed 
possession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the 
first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. 
Sheldon was appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a 
system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that 
which had been in operation at Galena, since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas 
and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the 
miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 Avas adopted and 
enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to 
sell their mineral to licensed smelters and the smelter was required to give bonds 
for the payment of six per cent, of all load manufactured to the Government. 
This was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in 



170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners were compelled to pay 10 
per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among 
the miners on the uest side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They 
tliouglit they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the Avay 
for civilization, Avithout being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern- 
ment tax upon their means of subsistence, Avhen the Federal Government could 
better afford to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became unpop- 
ular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished 
in about ten years. 

Daring l(S-33, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun- 
dred people arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them 
from Galena. 

In the same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house 
in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving 
City of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he 
first landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small 
school liouse which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, 
wherein two thousand children were being trained, churches erected in every 
part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness Avhich he first explored 
with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, 
while on a trip over the Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad, at Monticello, 
and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. 

Lucius II. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and 
influential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented 
by many friends, in June, 1865. 

Tlie name Dubuque was given to the settlement by tlie miners at a meeting 
held in 1834. 

In 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose. 
In 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry 
was stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The 
soldiers were removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. 

During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Ilawk War, 
Zachariali Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, 
Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort 
Madison. In 1833, these claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel 
Knapp, upon which, in 1835, they laid out the town. The next Summer, lots 
Avere sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United 
States Government. 

At the close of the Black Hawk War, parties who had been impatiently 
looking across upon "Flint Hills," now Burlington, came over from Illinois 
and made claims The first was Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, who 
erected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time, 
David Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the 
river, at a place since known as the faim of Judge Morgan. In the Winter of 
that year, they were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders 
upon the rights of the Indians, and White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. 
He retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon 
as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. AVhite 
was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town 
of Burlington in 1834. 

All along the river borders ofthe Black Hawk Purchase settlerswere flocking 
into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171 

ber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the 
thriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had 
established a flatboat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of 
Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. 
In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the 
foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual 
settlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this 
part of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli- 
gan and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White, 
H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and 
Dr. E. S. Barrows. 

The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven- 
port, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexan- 
der W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine 
LeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men who at this time occu- 
pied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says : 
'^ Antoine LeClaire was born at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father 
was French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottowatomie chief. In 1818, 
he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock 
Island). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man 
of strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter 
of a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two 
sections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at 
Davenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chien, also 
reserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He 
received the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black 
Hawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, he bought for $100 a claim on the 
land upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in 
1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi- 
tion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 25, 1861." 

In Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832, 
on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further 
settlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836. 

In that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in 
1834, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first 
settlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti- 
bone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. 
Abernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. 

During the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena, 
built the first cabin within the present limits of Delaware County, in some 
timber since known as Eads' Grove. 

The first post office in Iowa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H. 
Prentice was appointed Postmaster. 

The first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as 
'' a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and 
the Indians still remaining there." 

The first Methodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on 
the 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting was held June 1st of that 
year. 

The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. 

The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory was celebrated 
at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833. 



172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The j&rst school house in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners 
in 1833. 

The first Sabbath school Avas organized at Dubuque early in the Summer 
of 1834. 

The first woman Avho came to this part of the Territory "with a view to per- 
manent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1832. 

The first family that lived in this part of Iowa was th'at of Hosea T. Camp, 
in 1832. 

The first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at 
Dubu(|ue, in 1834. 

Tlio first newspaper in loAva was the Dubuque Visitor, issued May 11th, 1836, 
John King, afterward Judge King, Avas editor, and William C. Jones, printer. 

The pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and 
enterprising ])eople. 

As early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a trading 
post, and built a cabin on the blufls above the large spring now known as 
" Mynster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluffs, and 
had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of 
the American Fur Company as Lacote de Hart, or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827, 
an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped 
in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broad- 
way, and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the 
bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part 
of the State until 184C-7, when they relinquislied the territory and removed to 
Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no Avhite settlers 
in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the INIormons 
under the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way AvestAvard halted 
for the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five 
miles above Omaha, at a place noAV called Florence. Some of them had 
reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a 
crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their 
journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the loAva side and 
settled mainly Avithin the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- 
ment of this strange connnunity Avas at a place first called "Miller's HoIIoav," 
on Indian Creek, and afterAvard named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of 
Pennsylvania, Avho visited them soon afterAAard. The Mormon settlement 
extended over the county and into neighboring counties, Avherever timber and 
Avater fiirnislit'd desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, Avas 
installed as President of the Quorum of TAvelve, and all that part of the State 
remained under Mormon control for several years. In 1846, they raised a bat- 
talion, numbering some five hundred men, for the Mexican Avar. In 1848, Hyde 
started a paj)er called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after 
many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons 
in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828, but they Avere not 
all Avithin the limits of PottaAvattamie County. This county Avas organized in 
1848, all the first officials being Mormons. In 1852, the order Avas promulgated 
that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked 
in, and in a fcAV years nearly all the first settlers Avere gone. 

May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, Avith a small detachment of troops on 
board the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, 
Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River 
to this point. The troops and stores Avere landed at Avhat is noAv the foot of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 173 

Court avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort 
Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time 
they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its 
confluence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the 
arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river, 
by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. 

Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B. 
Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander 
Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. 

The Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter- 
prising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of 
the did World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more 
fertile soil and congenial climate, have developed a spirit and an energy 
peculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds 
been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence 
and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza- 
tion of the West, and been the founders of great States, hone have ranked 
higher in the scg-le of intelligence and moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa, 
Avho came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, 
privation and suffering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous 
commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter 
of people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri- 
tory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise 
statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial 
jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been 
able and widely influential ; and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and 
industries which go to make up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has 
taken and holds a front rank among her sister States of the West. 



TERRITORIAL HISTORY. 

By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United 
States was authorized to take possession of the territory included in the 
Louisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act 
of the same session, approved March 26, 1804, the newly acquired country was 
divided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third 
parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory. 

In 1 805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a gov- 
ernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois, 
and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a 
State, March 2, 1821, " Iowa," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "was left a political 
orphan," until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk 
purchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north 
of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory. 
Up to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now 
the State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed 
and a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, 
however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the 
west side of the Mississipi)i River, viz. : Dubuque and Des JMoines, separated 
by a line drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were 



174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partially organized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque 
County, and Isaac Leffler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two 
Associate Justices, in each county, were appointed by the Governor. 

On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi- 
zen of Dubuque, was elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan 
Territory. On the 20th of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, 
Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into 
operation, July 4, 188G, and loAva was then included in 

THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSIN, 

of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secre- 
tary of the Territory ; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice ; David Irwin and William 
C. Frazer, Associate Justices. 

September 1*, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory 
to be taken. This census resulted in showing a population of 10,531 in the 
counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under the apportionment, these two 
counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House 
of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to bo 
held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on Avhich day the following members 
of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin were elected from the two 
counties in the Black Hawk purchase : 

Dubuque County. — Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc- 
Craney. House : Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick 
Quigley, Hosea T. Camp. 

Des Moines County. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, 
Arthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Leffler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, 
John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Keynolds, David R. Chance. 

The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wiscon- 
sin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized by electing Henry T. 
Baird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of 
the House. It adjourned December 9, 1836. 

The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837. 
Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at Burlington ; com- 
menced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838. 

During the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836, 
the county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, 
Muscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined 
their boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in 
Dubuque County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, 
Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun- 
daries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years 
afterward, under the authority of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa. 

The question of a separate territorial organization for Iowa, which was then 
a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of 
1837. The wishes of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur- 
lington on the 1st of November, which memorialized Congress to organize a 
Territory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis- 
consin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then 
in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of 
Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was 
Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earnestly and 
successfully, that " An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 175 

lish the Territorial Government of Iowa," was approved June 12, 1838, to take 
effect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced 
"all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mis- 
sissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or 
sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line." The organic act provided 
for a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, 
Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should 
serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice an<l 
consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white 
male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one years of age, 
of a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council, 
to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated $5,000 for a public library, 
and §20,000 for the erection of public buildings. 

President Van Buren appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be 
the first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh, 
was appointed Secretary of the Territory ; Charles Mason, of Burlington, 
Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of 
Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts; Mr. VaL 
Allen, of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; Au 
gustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thomas Mc- 
Knight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District 
Attorney, died at Rockingliam, soon after his appointment, and Col. Charleii 
Weston Avas appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also 
died at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and Jamcii 
Clarke, editor of the Gazette^ was appointed to succeed him. 

Immediately after his arrival, Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for tht> 
election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the lOtL 
of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and 
appointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to ho 
elected, at Burlington. 

The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled at 
Burlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members : 

Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, 
Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M 
Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stepheii, 
Hempstead. 

House. — William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, Jameb 
Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, 
George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,'' 
William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, 
William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel 
Summers,! Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas 
Cox and Hardin Nowlin. 

Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the 
Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County, 
was elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of 
Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- 
mously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time, national politics 

* Cyrus S. Jacobs, who was plocted for Des Moines County, was killed in an unfortunate encounter at Curlington 
before the meeting of tlio Legislature, and Mr. Beoler was elccteil to fill the vacancy. 

t Samuel K. Murray was returaed as elected from Cliutoa County, but hifl seat was succeBsfuUy contested by 
Burchard. 



176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

were little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the 
Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. 

At tlie election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con- 
gressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. : William 
W. Chapman and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County ; B. F. Wallace, of 
Henry County, and P. H. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, 
receiving a majority of thirty-six over Engle. 

The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit- 
ing one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited 
veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the 
independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, 
and the result was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legis- 
lative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 18o9, 
amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the 
two-thirds rule, and took from him the poAver to appoint Sheriffs and Mngistrates. 

Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of 
the seat of government and provision for the erection of public buildings, for 
which Congress had appropriated ^20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, 
had recommended the appointment of Commissioners, with a view to making a 
central location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or 
thought of. Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Missis- 
sippi Biver, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some 
central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location 
supported the Governor's suggestion. The southern members were divided 
between Burlington and IMount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the 
proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties 
were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The 
central party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act 
was passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County; John Ronalds, 
of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, 
to select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John- 
son County. 

Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of 
Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the 
special session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 
4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future 
Iowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily. 

Tlien there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The 
Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions ; east, by 
the Mississippi River to its source; thence by a line drawn due north to the 
northern boundary of the United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, 
by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un- 
disputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as 
the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in tiie 
geograpliical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical 
center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line 
between the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the 
treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the county limits. 

The Commissioners, after selecting the site, were directed to lay out 640 
acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect 
public buildings thereon. Congress having granted a section of land to be 
selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 177 

leon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in ToAvn- 
ship 79 Noi-th of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- 
ately surveyed it and laid oif the town. Tlie first sale of lots took place August 
16, '^1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the 
geographical center of the section, where a square of ten acres on the elevated 
grounds overlooking the river Avas reserved for the purpose. The capitol is 
located in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, which 
assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to 
adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete shouLl 
not exceed $51,000, and if they had already adopted a plan involving a greater 
expenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed 
and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July, 
1840, the corner stone of tbe edifice was laid Avith appropriate ceremonies. 
Samuel C. TroAvbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the 
address on that occasion. 

When tlie Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13, 
1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month ho had visited loAA'a 
City, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author- 
izing a loan of $20,000 for the building Avas passed, January 15, 1841, the 
unsold lots of loAva City being the security offered, but only $5,500 was 
obtained under the act. 

THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. 

The boundary line betAveen the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri 
was a difficult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from 
taxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the 
boundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed 
a line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and Mis- 
souri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the 
parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the Des Moines River 
The loAver rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des 
Moines River had always been knoAvn as the Des Moines Rapids, or "the 
rapids of the Des Moines River." The Missourians (evidently not Avell versed 
in history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from 
the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosau(i[ua, thus taking from 
loAva a strip of territory eight or ten miles wide. Assuming this as her 
northern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over the 
disputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriffs to collect them by 
distraining the personal property of the settlers. The loAvans, lioAvever, were 
not disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sheriffs 
of Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of 
Missouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim and sustain the officers of 
Missouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of loAva, and both parties made 
active preparations for Avar. In loAva, about 1,200 men Avere enlisted, and 
500 Avere actually armed and encamped in ^^an Buren County, ready to defend 
the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington, 
Gen. Churchman, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to 
Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment 
of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners 
of Clarke County , Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, 
and that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing 



178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the 
final settlement of the boundary ([uestion. This proposition "was declined, but 
afterAvard Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, Avhich was insti- 
tuted, and Avhicli resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision, 
William G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed 
Commissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks 
that "the expenses of the war on the part of Iowa were never paid, either by 
the United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots who furnished 
supplies to the troops had to bear the cost and charges of the struggle." 

The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on 
which has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union. 
Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by 
providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who inteimarries 
during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage." This prin- 
ciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman 
has full and equal civil rights W'ith man, except only the right of the ballot. 

Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guart 
the rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and 
purity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corrupt' 
The judiciary power Avas vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Pro' 
Court, and Justices of the Peace. Ileal estate was made divisible by will, i' 
intestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was made punish 
by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system o 
schools, open for every class of white citizens, was established. Provision was 
made for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi- 
zation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the 
forms of civil government. 

By act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased 
of the Indians Avere brought into market, and land offices opened in Dubuque 
and Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, Avhich 
greatly aided the settlers, Avho Avere noAV coming in by thousands, to make their 
homes on the fertile prairies of loAva — " the Beautiful Land." The fame of the 
country had spread far and Avide ; even before the Indian title Avas extinguished, 
many Avere croAvding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their 
claims on the choicest spots they could find in the neAv Territory. As 
soon as the country Avas open for settlement, the borders, the Black HaAvk 
Purchase, all along the Mississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and 
out over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged Avith eager land 
hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in loAva. It Avas a sight to delight the 
eyes of all comers from every land — its noble streams, beautiful and picturesque 
hills and A'alleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could 
reach, Avith a soil surpassing in richness anything Avhich they had ever seen. It 
is not to be Avondered at that immigration into Iowa Avas rapid, and that Avithin 
less than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred 
and fifty thousand people. 

As rapidly as the Indian titles were extinguished and the original OAvners 
removed, the resistless tide of emigration flowed AvestAvard. Tiie folloAving extract 
from Judge Nourse's Centennial Address shoAvs hoAV the immigrants gathered 
on the Indian boundary, ready for the removal of the barrier : 

In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the Government of the United States 
made another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the lllh daj' of Auijiist, 1842, for the 
remaining portion of their land in Iowa. The treaty provided that the Indians should retain 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 179 

possession of all the lands thus ceiled until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the 
<;eded territory west of a line runnino; north and south through Kedrock, until October 11, 184 J. 
These tribes, at this time, had tlieir principal village at Ot-tuio-\va-no, now called Ottuuiwa. As 
soon as it became known that tlie treaty had been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to 
Iowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were made near the Indian boundary, wail- 
ing for the 1st day of Miy. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along tlie 
line, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. Tlie 
country beyond had been thoroughly explored, but the United States military authorities had 
prevented any settlement or even the making out of claims by any monuments whatever. 

To aid thera in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers bad placed 
piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a short time before twelve 
o'clock of the night of the 30ih of April, these were lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived, 
it was announced by the discharge of firearms. The night was dark, but this army of occupa- 
tion pressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of 
curves and angles. When daylight came and revealei the confusion of tliese wonderful surveys, 
numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence Between 
midnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had 
settled on their new purchase. 

While this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive 
and melancholy. The Winter of 1842-43 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet, 
who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great 
Spirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for 
the crime. When the time for leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the Indian 
camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears; and wlien their cavalcade was 
put in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the 
entire procession. 

The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through 
Redrock. The government established a trading post and military encampment at the Raccoon 
Fork of the Des Moines River, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the 
red man lingered until the 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before 
described was re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the " New 
Vurchase." The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen- 
eral Government. The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was 
extinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at 
public auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase 
public lands could not be acquii'ed until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not 
sold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant making improvements in good 
faith might acquire a I'ight over others to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.2-3 per 
acre. The "claim laws" were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the 
" eternal fitness of things." and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural 
rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration. 

The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers, 
and adopied their own rules and regulations. Each man's claim was duly ascertained and 
recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid off the 
lands of each settler at $1.2-5 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty 
and bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to 
trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order 
and regularity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable, 
the Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these " claims " upon the public lands, and 
in 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup- 
port a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, p. 4-56). The Supreme Territorial Court 
held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con- 
tains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that 
"spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct 
line of descent from the said " Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay 
even this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land 

Many of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and 
courage and their family jewels, "the pledges of love," and the " consumers of 
bread," It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State, 
and the "beautiful prairies," the "noble streams," and all that sort of poetic 
imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged. 

An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days, 
says: 

Well do the "old settlers ' of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840. 
Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another land had been 



180 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

broken up; and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of youth, 
we severetl ; and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often " hung our harps 
on the willows." 

Another, from another part of the State, testifies : 

There was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $3.00 
per thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. I built the first Methodist 
Church at Keokuk, 42x60 feet, of brick, for .?600, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part 
of which I never collected, and upon which I only received $50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled 
100 miles from the interior, and sold for 37| cents per bushel. 

Another old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says : 

Land and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats 
could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel ; pork, $1.00 per hundred ; and the best horse a 
man could raise sold lor $50.00. Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with 
legal processes, were common visitors at almost every man's door. These were indeed "the times 
that tried men's souls." 

"A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, returned to 
their old homes, but such as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders 
of a great State remained, to more than realize the fruition of their hopes, and 
the reward of their self-denial." 

On Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at 
the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the 
Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that 
purpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of 
Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis- 
sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at 
$83,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for 
$15,600. 

During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a neAv 
quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the " Old 
Capitol Quarry," and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent 
building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, 
and it was so fiir completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- 
lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti- 
mated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly 
$0,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large 
sum had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging discrep- 
ancy was accounted for by the fact that the officers in charge of the work were 
constantly short of funds. Ex'cept the congressional appropriation of $20,000 
and the loan of $5,500, obtained from the Miners' Bank, of Dubuque, all the 
funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city 
lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from 
scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots 
when they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for 
bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To 
meet this, the Agent sold some lots for a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for 
which he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This draft, 
amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash 
actually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements 
amounted to very nearly $24,000. 

With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very 
accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, the Avork appears to have 
been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181 

Iowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the office of 
Governor was held by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and James Clarke. 



STATE ORGANIZATION. 

By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12, 

1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for 
the election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was 
submitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township elections in April 
following. The vote was largely in favor of the measure, and the Delegates 
elected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844. 
On the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and 
adopted the first State Constitution. 

The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was instructed to 
transmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be 
by him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro- 
vided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that 
might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval 
or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. 

The boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol- 
lows : 

Beginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River, opposite mouth of tho 
Des IMoines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel 
thereof, to a point where it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by .John 
C. Sullivan, in the year 1816 ; thence westwardly along said line to the " old " northwest corner 
of Missouri ; thence due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River ; thence 
up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or 
Calumet River ; thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Peters River, 
where the Watonwan River — according to Nicollet's map — enters the same ; thence down the 
middle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi 
River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries were rejected by Congress, but by act approved March 3, 

1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided the people 
accepted the act, bounded as follows : 

Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the Mississippi, thence 
by the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing through the mouth of 
the Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a point where 
it is intersected by a meridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of "the meridian 
of Washington City ; thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri; 
thence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des 
Moines River ; thence by the middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern 
boundary of the State about thirty miles north of its present location, and would 
have deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The 
western boundary would have been near the Avest line of what is now Kossuth 
County. But it was not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel- 
come change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress 
and rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 
7,656 to 7,235. 

A second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day 
of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution for the 
new State with the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people 
for ratification on the 3d day of August folloAving, when it was accepted ; 9,492 
votes were cast "for the Constitution," and 9,036 "against the Constitution " 



182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Constitution Avas approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved 
December 28, 1846, Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American 
Union. 

Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State lield 
an election under the new Constitution on the 26th day of October, and elected 
Oresel Briggs, Governor ; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State ; Joseph T. 
Fales, Auditor ; Morgan Reno, Treasurer ; and members of the Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

At this time there were twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with 
a population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settlements were rapidly push- 
ing toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached tliere. 

The first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed of nineteen 
Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30, 
1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. 

At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported 
that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from 
storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete 
it, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly 
responded by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. 
At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The 
western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward 
the eastern and southern boundary of the State ; this Avas conceded. Congress 
had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and 
toward tlie close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location 
of the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the State 
University, Avhich had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of 
discussion and parliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its charact.pr. 
It provided for the appointment of three Commissioners, wlio were authorized to 
make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and 
eligible site could be obtained ; to select the five sections of land donated by 
Congress ; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the 
land so selected ; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each block. 
Having done this, they were then required to suspend further operations, and 
make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both 
Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a 
law. Soon after, by " An act to locate and establish a State University," 
approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, 
together with the ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted 
for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General 
Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law. 

The Commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four 
sections and two half sections in Jasper County. Two of tliese sections arc in 
what is now Des Moines Township, and theotliers in Fairview Township, in the 
southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City 
and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally 
through them. Here a town Avas platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of 
lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots were sold, at prices that were 
not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) 
amounted to $1,797.43, while the expenses of the sale and the claims of the 
Commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made 
a report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by law, but the loca- 
tion Avas generally condemned. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183 

When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial ope- 
ration, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and 
while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as 
the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee 
of Five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe w^as under 
water and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the 
instructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. 
By an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been 
made was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchas- 
ers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern- 
ment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building 
and grounds by the University. 

At the same session, $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the 
State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of $5,000, and in 1854 
$4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost 
$123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but 
principally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. 

But the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was 
not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to 
Bella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the 
majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its 
third reading. 

At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the 
removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote, 
was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more 
successful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital 
within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appoint- 
ment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected 
in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated 
to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An association of 
citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at 
a nominal rent. 

The third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State 
assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by 
this convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857, 
when it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 " for " to 38,681 
" against," and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla- 
mation of the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. 

Advised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on 
the 19th of October following. Governor Grimes issued another proclamation, 
declaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. 

The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con- 
tinued through the Fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude; there 
was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually 
disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties ; 
and it was not until December, that the last of the effects — the safe of the State 
Treasurer, loaded on tAvo large " bob-sleds " — drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de- 
posited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this 
passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, 
the safes belonging to the several departments contained large sums of money, 
mostly individual funds, however. -Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of 
the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three 



184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Constitutional Conventions had held tlieir sessions tliere. By the exchance, 
the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the University, and, except the 
rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immedi- 
ate and direct control of the Trustees of that institution. 

Des Moines was now the permanent seat of government, made so by the 
fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, tlie 
seventh General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used 
for governmental purposes was purchased in 1864. It soon became inadequate 
for the purpo.ses for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new, 
large and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the General 
Assembly made an appropriation and provided for the appointment of a Board 
of Commissioners to commence the work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel 
Merrill, ex officio. President ; Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs ; James F. 
Wilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, Washington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine ; 
James 0. Crosby, Gainsville; Charles Dudley, Agency City; John N. Dewey, 
Des Moines; William L. Joy, Sioux City ; Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines, 
Secretary. 

The act of 1870 provided that tlie building should be constructed of the 
best material and should be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most 
approved manner; should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State 
officers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the 
State Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and 
should be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sum first 
appropriated was ^150,000 ; and the law provided that no contract should be 
made, either for constructing or furnishing the building, which should bind the 
State for larger sums than those at the time appropriated. A design was drawn 
and plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piquenard, aixhitects, 
which were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor- 
ner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The estimated cost and present 
value of the capitol is fixed at ^2,000,000. 

From 1858 to 1860, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern 
part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering raids upon 
the settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of 
militia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish the 
murderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled 
■when they ascertained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted 
to protect the settlers. 

'' Theyear 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1854, the 
Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the 
Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad 
bridge, that Avas to be the first to span the " Father of Waters," was laid with 
appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- 
prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful 
effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis 
repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating our example. 
On the 1st day of January, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. 
In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Missis- 
sippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were 
being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad 
had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav- 
ing eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the 
United States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 185 

railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the 
proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July 
of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed 
to complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had 
increased to 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a 
railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and 
center of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent, 
began to attract attention Cities and towns sprang up through the State as 
if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed 
in developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us, 
or if it had been expended in improving our lands, and building houses and 
barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the 
spirit of speculation ruled the hour. 

" In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of 
the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in 
the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad 
companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount." Thus enormous 
county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities 
tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit- 
ation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these 
bonds to be valid ; and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county 
authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. Tiiese debts are not all paid 
even yet, but the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely 
removed 

The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in Jan- 
uary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was not 
a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were 3,765 
miles in successful operation. 

GROWTH AND PROGRESS. 

When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of 
that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10,531. 
The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected 
by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial 
Legislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the 
population had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased 
to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, was 1,366,000. The following 
table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa 
Territory : 



Year. Population. I Year. Population. 

1838 22,589 1852 230,713 

1840 43,115 ; 1854 326,013 

1844 75,152 i 1856 519.055 



1846 97,588 

1847 116,651 

1849 152,988 

1850 191,982 

1851 204,774 



1859 638,775 

1860 674,913 

1863 701,732 

1865 754,699 

1867 902,040 



Year. Population. 

1869 1,040,819 

1870 1,191,727 

1873 1,251,333 

1875 1,366,000 

1876 

1877 



The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only in popula.- 
tion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has 
Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but 
beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ- 
ilized commonwealth, embracing all the elements of progress which characterize 
the older States. 



186 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Thriving cities and towns dot its fnir siufacc; an iron net-work of thou- 
sands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres; ten thousand school 
iiouses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught 
tlie rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people; 
high schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State; 
manufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities 
and towns. 

Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as 
a Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur- 
passed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the earth ; 
and, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of 
mineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate; an intelligent, liberty- 
loving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the 
future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her 
present citizens. 

Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and happy — it 
is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white 
settlements were made within her borders. When the number of States was 
only twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub- 
lican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just fiiirly put 
upon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible 
mineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the '' Star of Empire " 
had scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty 
empire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as " The 
Great American Desert." 

Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and forty-five 
millions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread 
American soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of 
.Mexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to 
the golden shores of Jie Pacific. 

THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. 

Ames, Story County. 

The Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm were established by au act 
of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was 
appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane 
Wilson, M. W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. AV. 
F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Coffin and E. G. Day ; 
the Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem- 
bers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board 
met in June, 1850, and received propositions for the location of the College aid 
Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jefferson ;.nd Tama 
Counties. In July, the proposition of Story County and some of its citizens 
and by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site 
for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were 
erected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the 
endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts, and 105,000 acres 
were located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett 
was appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem- 
bly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of the college building. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 18T 

In June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster, 
Peter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, 
of Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the build- 
ing, but Mas superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The ^20,000 
appropriated by the General Assembly were expended in putting in the foun- 
dations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation 
of $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. 

Tuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State 
over sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre- 
vious to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition 
for three scholars fi'om each county ; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the 
college, are by the Trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the 
population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spirits, wine or 
beer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, 
except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes. 

The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the following 
branches: Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Bot.iny, Horticulture, Fruit Growing, 
Forestry, Animal and Vegetable Ajiatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, 
Entomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- 
veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly connected 
with agriculture ; also such other studies as the Trustees may fi'om time to time 
prescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution. 

The funds arising from the lease and sale of lands and interest on invest- 
ments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies 
are maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is 
also an " out-law " called the " j\TA^ Chapter Omega." 

The Board of Trustees in 1877 was composed of C. W. Warden, Ottumwa, 
Chairman ; Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City ; William B. Treadway, 
Sioux City; Buel Sherman, Fredericksburg, and Laurel Summers, Le Claire. 
E. W. Starten, Secretary ; William D. Lucas, Treasurer. 

Board of Instruction. — A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of 
Psychology and Philosophy of Science ; Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of INiili- 
tary Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of 
English Literature; C. E. Besscy, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Ento- 
mology ; A. Thompson, C. E., Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of 
Workshops; F. E". L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M., 
Chemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd, 
Horticulture ; J. K. Macomber, Physics ; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and 
Political Economy ; Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Preceptress, Instructor in 
Fi'ench and Mathematics. 

THE STATE UNIVERSITY. 

Iowa City, Johnson County. 

In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory 
of the United States extended beyond the Mississippi River, it was declared 
that in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, " Schools and the means 
of education shall forever be encouraged." By act of Congress, approved July 
20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized " to set apart and re- 
serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, to 
which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap- 
propriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use 



188 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and support of a university within said Territorry when it becomes a State, and 
for no other use or purpose whatever ; to be located in tracts of not less than an 
entire section, corresponding Avith any of the large divisions into Avhich the pub- 
lic land are authorized to be surveyed." 

William W. Dodge, of Scott County, was appointed by the Secretary of the 
Treasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north 
of Range 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the 
Territory. No more lands were selected until 184(3, when, at the request of the 
Assembly, John M. Whitakerof A'an Buren County, was appointed, who selected 
the remainder of the grant except about 122 acres. 

In the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the Union, the 
people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac- 
cordance with its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon 
as may be, effectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the 
funds of the university derived from tiie lands. 

The first General Assembly, by act approved February 25, 1817, established 
the " State University of Iowa " at Iowa City, then the capital of the State, 
"with such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require." 
The " public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which 
they are situated," were granted for the use of said university, p7-ovid('d, how- 
ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should be held in the 
capitol until otherwise provided by law. The control and management of the 
University were committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the 
Legislature, five of whom were to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent 
of Public Instruction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made 
for the disposal of the two townships of land, and for the investment of the funds 
arising therefrom. The act further provides that the University shall never be 
under the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever," and as 
soon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to $2,000 a year, the 
University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty 
students annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the 
University, its officers and the grants and donations made and to be made to it 
by the State. 

Section 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. D. Downey, Thomas 
Snyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H. 
Gower, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, Theolore S. Parvin, George 
Atchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of 
Trustees. 

The organization of the LTniversity at Iowa City was impracticable, how- 
ever, so long as the seat of government was retained there. 

In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal 
Schools were established. The branches were located — one at Fairfield, and 
the other at Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in respect to 
iunds and all other matters, Avith the University established at Iowa City. 
'•This act," says Col. Benton, "created three State Universities. Avith equal 
fights and powers, instead of a 'University Avith such branches as public conven- 
ience niaj/ hereafter demand,' as provided by the Constitution." 

The Board of Directors of the Fairfield Branch consisted of Barnet Ris- 
tine, Christian W. Slagle, Daniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and 
Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected 
President, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Air. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres 
of land Avere purchased, and a buihling erected therein, costing $2,500. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189 

This building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt 
more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This 
branch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund, 
and by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen- 
eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. 

The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson, 
Michael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Governor of the State as 
Trustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal. 

The Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount 
Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to 
be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive $500 annu- 
ally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed- 
ucate eight common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and tliat the citizens 
should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. 
The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was 
organized Nov. 21, 1849; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist- 
ant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was 
never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. This 
school was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge 
of Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in 
1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized. 
Neither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in 
1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and 
Andrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from 
the University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to 
continue in operation. 

At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850, 
the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," established 
at Davenport, was recognized as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
the State University of Iowa," expressly stipulating, however, that such recog- 
nition should not render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was 
the Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical 
Association. Soon after, this College was removed to Keokuk, its second ses- 
sion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly 
confirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855, 
placed the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of 
the University, and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- 
nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. 

From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by regular elec- 
tions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, but there was 
no effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially 
opened for a term of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, 
N. Y., was elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The 
University was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation 
until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and 
Guffin. 

In the Spring of 1856, the capital of the State was located at Des Moines; 
but there Avere no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City Avas not vacated 
by the State until December, 1857. 

In June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the 
University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856. 



190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

There were one hundred and twenty-four students — eighty-three males and 
forty-one females — in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular 
catalogue was published. 

At a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 1857, the honorary de- 
gree of Bachelor of Arts was conferrei on D. Franklin Wells. This was the 
first degree conferred by the Board. 

Article IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which w^ent into force 
September 3, 1857, provided as follows : 

The State TJniversify shall be established at one place, without branches at any other place ; 
and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, and no other. 

Article XI, Section 8, provided that 

The seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as now fixed by law, at the city 
of Des Moines, in the county of Polk ; and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of 
Johnson. 

The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the 
Lieutenant Governor, who was ex ofiicio President, and one member to be elected 
from each judicial district in the State. This Board was endowed with 
'■full power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula- 
tions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions," subject 
to alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, which was vested 
with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863. 

In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of 
the University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, 
and the property, with that exception, passed under the control of the Trustees, 
and became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, 
and its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive repairs 
and changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur- 
poses. 

The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January, 
1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered, 
to exclude females from the University; but it finally failed. 

March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted 
a new law in relation to the L^niversity, but it was not materially different from 
the former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated ^3,000 for the re- 
pair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection 
of a boarding house, now known as South Hall. 

The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized 
April 27, 1858, and determined to close the L'niversity until the income from its 
fund should be adequate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should 
be ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the " Mechan- 
ics' Academy" had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the Chan- 
cellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all further instruction suspended, from the close 
of the term then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso- 
lution was adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the 
existing term ; but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them 
to the Normal Department. 

At the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of 
Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree con- 
c'-red upon a student of the University. Diplomas were awarded to the meni- 
■^ers of the first graduating class of the Normal Department as follows : Levi 
h Aylworth, Cellina II. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Finney 
and Sylvia M. Thompson. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 101 

An "Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of 
Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainlj a re-enactment of the law of 
March 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and 
manner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes Avere to be 
admitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board 
no discretion in the matter. 

The new Board met and organized, February 2, 1859, and decided to con- 
tinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it 
was unwise to re-open the University at that time; but at the annual meeting 
of the Board, in June of the same year, it w^as resolved to continue the Normal 
Department in operation ; and at a special meeting, October 25, 1859, it was 
decided to re-open the University in September, 18<i0. Mr. Dean had resigned 
as Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected 
President, at a salary of $2,000, and his term commenced June, 1860. 

At the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was appointed, and 
the University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860 
(third Wednesday) ; and at this date the actual existence of the University may 
be said to commence. 

August 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned. Prof Oliver M. Spencer 
was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred 
upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. 

At the commencement, in June, 1863, was the first class of graduates in 
the Collegiate Department. 

The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the office of 
Superintendent of PubLc Instruction was restored ; the General Assembly 
resumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap- 
proved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as 
the former law, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of 
the Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
had been ex officio President. During the period of the Board of Education, 
the University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President. 

President Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for 
fifteen months, to visit Europe; and Prof Nathan R. Leonard was elected 
President p?-o tcm. 

The North Hall was completed late in 1866. 

At the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer 
{absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof Leonard continued as Piesident jf^ro 
tern., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash- 
ington and Jeiferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered 
upon his duties in September, 1868. 

The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, in September fol- 
lowing, an arrangement was perfected Avitli the Iowa Law School, at Des Moines, 
which h;i 1 been in successful operation for three years, under tiie management 
of Messrs. George G. Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by 
which that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De- 
partment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the 
President of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and 
Principal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole. 

Nine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during 
the year ending June, 1877, there w^ere 103 students in this department. 

At a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com- 
mittee was appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De- 



192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partment. This Committee reported at once in favor of the proposition, the 
Faculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and 
recommended that, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the 
commencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon. 
Ezekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University. 

By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the "Board 
of Regents " was instituted as the governing power of the University, and since 
that time it has been the fundamental law of the institution. The Board of 
Regents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected 
Secretary, and Mr. Clark, Treasurer. 

Dr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meeting of the 
Board, held August 18, 1870, to take effect on the 1st of December following. 
His resignation was accepted. 

The South Hall having been fitted up for the purpose, the first term of the 
Medical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and continued until March, 
1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students. 

March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thacher was elected President of the Univer- 
sity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form- 
ally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 1861. 

In Juno, 1874, the " Chair of Military Instruction" was established, and 
the President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perform 
its duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil- 
lery, U. S. A., was detailed as "Professor of Military Science and Tactics," 
at Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874, 
who reported for duty on the 10th of September following. Lieut. Sclienck 
was relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877. 

Treasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1875, and John N. Coldren elected 
in his stead. 

At the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was 
established. 

In March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of 
the State with the University. 

In June, 1877, Dr. Thacher's connection with the University was termi- 
nated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of the Board of Regents, was elected Pres- 
ident. 

In 1872, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion was abolished ; but it was restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of 
the officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878 : 

TRUSTEES OR REGENTS. 

PRESIDENTS. 

FROM TO 

James Harlan, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1847 1848 

Thomas H. Benton, Jr,, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1843 18-54 

James D. Eads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1854 1857 

Maturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 18.')7 18")8 

Amos Dean, Chancellor, ex officio 1858 1859 

Thomas II. Benton, Jr 1859 18(13 

Francis Springer 1863 1804 

William M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 1864 1868 

Samuel Merrill, Governor, ex officio 1868 1872 

Cyrus C. Carpenter, Governor, ex officio 1872 1876 

Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor, ex officio Ifi76 1877 

Joshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878 

John H. Gear 1878 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 193 

VICE PRESIDENTS. FROM TO 

Silas Foster 1847 1851 

Robert Lucas 1851 1853 

Edward Connelly 1854 1855 

Moses J. Morsman 1855 1858 

SECRETARIES, 

Hugh D Downey 1847 1851 

AnsoQ Hart 1851 1857 

Elijah Sells 1857 1858 

An'on Hart 1858 1864 

William J. Haddock 1864 

TREASURERS. 

Morgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850 

Israel Kister, State Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852 

Martin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855 

Henry W. Lathrop 1855 1862 

William Crum 1862 1868 

Ezekiel Clark 1868 1876 

John N. Coldren 1876 

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 

Amos Dean, LL. D 1855 1858 

Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D 1860 1862 

Oliver M. Spencer, D. D.* 1862 1867 

James Black, D. D 1868 1870 

George Thacher, D. D 1871 1877 

C. W. Slagle 1877 

The present educational corps of the University consists of the President, 
nine Professors in the Collegiate Department, one Professor and six Instructors 
in Military Science ; Chancellor, three Professors and four Lecturers in the 
Law Department ; eight Professor Demonstrators of Anatomy ; Prosector of 
Surgery and two Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in 
the Homoeopathic Medical Department. 



STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His- 
torical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the 
commencement, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting, 
embodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, 
charts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus- 
trative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from 
oblivion the memory of the early pioneers ; to obtain and preserve various 
accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures ; to secure facts and 
statements relative to the history and genius, and progress and decay of the 
Indian tribes of Iowa; to exhibit faithfully the antiquities and past and present 
resources of the State ; to aid in the publication of such collections of the Society 
as shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest ; to aid in binding 
its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary 
incidental expenses of the Society. 

There was appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly 
shall otherwise direct, the sum of $500 per annum. The Society is under the 
management of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of 
whom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the members of the 
Society. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual 



194: HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

meeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding 
the last "Wednesday in June of each year. 

The State Historical Society lias published a series of very valuable collec- 
tions, including history, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a 
large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under 
the title of " Annals of Iowa." 



THE PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Fort Madison, Lee County. 

The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in 
Iowa, was approved January 25, 1839, the fifth section of which authorized the 
Governor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congre>s ap- 
proved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided 
for a Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legislature, who should 
direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile 
of the public square, in the town of Fort iNIadison, Lee County, provided Fort 
Madison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign 
them, by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary. 
To the Directors Avas also given the power of appointing the Warden : the latter 
to appoint his own assistants. 

The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They 
made their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi- 
zens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten acres of 
land for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the 
building June 5, 1839. The building Avas designed of sufficient capacity to con- 
tain one hundred and thirty-eight convicts, and estimated to cost $o<5.933.90. 
It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 ; the main building and Warden's house 
were completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions Avere made from time to 
time till the building and arrangements were all complete a(;cordiiig to the plan 
of the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penitentiary 
for more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex- 
perience in prison management have been gained. 

It has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are 
called the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best 
subserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera- 
tion in any humaritarian view of the subject. This problem is not yet solved, 
but Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of liumane treat- 
ment of prisoners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. The 
labor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United 
States, is let out to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount 
therefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as wtll as the 
supervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison. 

While this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it 
still falls short of an enlightened reformatory system that in the future will 
treat the criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness 
in the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis- 
posing of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into 
competition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the 
State, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of 
the future. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195 

It is rii:jht that the convict shouhl labor. lie should not be allowed to live 
in idloncss'at public expense. Honest men labor ; why should not they? Hon- 
est men are entitled to the fruits of their toil ; why should not the convict as 
well ? The convict is sent to the Penitentiary to secure public safety. The 
State deprives him of his liberty to accomplish this purpose and to punish him 
for violations of law, but, having done this, the State wrongs both itself and the 
criminal by confiscating his earnings ; because it deprives his family of what 
justly belongs to them, and an enlightened civilization will ere long demand 
that the prisoner in the penitentiary, after paying a fair price for his board, is 
as justly entitled to his net earnings as the good citizen outside its walls, and 
his family, if he has one, should be entitled to draw his earnings or stated portion 
of them at stated periods. If he has no family, then if his net earnings should 
be set aside to his credit and paid over to him at the expiration of his term of 
imprisonment, he would notbe turned out upon the cold charities of a somewhat 
Pharisaical world, penniless, with the brand of the convict upon his brow, Avith 
no resource save to sink still deeper in crime. Let Iowa, " The Beautiful Land," 
be first to recognize the rights of its convicts to the fruits of their labor ; keep 
their children from the alms-house, and place a powerful incentive before them 
to become good citizens when they return to the busy world again. 



ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Anamosa, Jones Counts/. 

By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872, 
William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis- 
sioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional 
Penitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of 
the following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by 
the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., architects, of 
Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was 
commenced on the building on the 28th day of September, 1872. May 13, 
1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison 
Penitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of 
663 feet. 

IOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 

Mount Pleasant^ Henry Cou7ity. 

By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, 
$4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and $50,000 for building 
an Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee 
County, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the 
institution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission- 
ers located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A plan for a 
building designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa- 
chusetts, was accepted, and in October Avork was commenced under the superin- 
tendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an 
appropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 
to this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by 
patients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi- 
dent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L. 



196 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

McGugin, Keokuk; G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua; 
John B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D., 
of Ohio, was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewey, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron, 
The Hospital was formally opened March 6, 1861, and one hundred patients 
were admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became 
Superintendent. April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building was 
destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 
1877, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 were discharged 
recovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died ; 
total discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were 
1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered "domestic duties ;" 
122, no occupation; 25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses: and 25, servants. 
Among the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39 
cabinet makers, 23 brewers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe- 
makers, 13 students, 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers, 
7 "physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro- 
ducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to $13,721.26. 

Trustees. 1S77 :—T. Whiting, President, Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. E. M. Elliott, 
Secretary, Mt. Pleasant ; AVilliam C. Evans, West Liberty ; L. E. Fellows, 
Lansing ; and Samuel Klein, Keokuk ; Treasurer, M. Edwards, Mt. Pleasant. 

Resident Officers: — Mark Ranney, M. D., Medical Superintendent; H. M. 
Bassett, M. D.. First Assistant Physician; M. Riordan, M. D., Second Assistant 
Physician; Jennie McCowen, M. D., Third Assistant Physician ; J. W. Hender- 
son, Steward ; Mrs. Martha W. Ranney, Matron ; Rev. Milton Sutton, 
Chaplain. 

HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
Independence, Buchanan County. 

In the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the 
Insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation of $125,000 was 
made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County ; E. G. Morgan, 
of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, wei'e appointed 
Commissioners to locate and supervise the erection of the Building. Mr. Clark 
died about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W. Bemis, of Indepen- 
dence, was appointed to fill the vacancy. 

The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of 
June, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they were appointed 
required them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not less than 
320 acres, within two miles of the city of Independence, that might be off'ered 
by the citizens free of charge to the State. Several such tracts Avere offered, 
but the Commissioners finally selected the south half of southwest (juarter of 
Section 5 ; the north half of northeast quarter of Section 7 ; the north half of 
northwest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- 
tion 8, all in Township 88 north. Range 9 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 
This location is on the west side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a mile 
from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. 

Col. S. V. Shipman, of Madison, W^is., was employed to prepare plans, 
specifications and drawings of the building, which, when completed, were sub- 
mitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant, 
who suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the building 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 197 

was awarded to Mr. David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. The con- 
tract was signed November 7, 1868, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced 
work. Mr. George Josseljn was appointed to superintend the work. The 
main buildings were constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at 
Anamosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the 
immense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State. 

In 1872, the building was so far completed that the Commissioners called 
the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. These 
Trustees Avere Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Appleraan, T. W. Fawcett, C. 
C. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. This board 
was organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M. L. 
Fisher, President ; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas- 
urer, and, after adopting preliminary measures for organizing the local govern- 
ment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem- 
ber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever, 
and Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was 
elected Secretary. " At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected 
Superintendent; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, 
Matron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant 
Physician. The building Avas ready for occupancy April 21, 1873. 

In the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay & Lundy, 
of Independence, for furnishing materials for building the outside walls of the 
two first sections of the south wing, next to the center building, for $6,250. 
The carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building was 
completed during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by 
patients in the Fall. 

In 1877, the south wing was built, but it will not be completed ready for 
occupancy until next Spring or Summer (1878). 

October 1, 1877, the Superintendent reported 322 patients in this hospital, 
and it is now overcrowded. 

The Board of Trustees at present (1878) are as follows : Maturin L, 
Fisher, President, Farmersburg; John G. House, M. D., Secretary, Indepen- 
dence ; Wm. G. Donnan, Treasurer, Independence ; Erastus G. Morgan, Fort 
Dodge ; Mrs. Prudence A. Appleman, Clermont ; and Stephen E. Robinson, 
M. D., West Union. 

RESIDENT OFFICERS. 

Albert Reynolds, M. D., Superintendent ; G. H. Hill, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Noyes Appleman, Steward; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron. 

IOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND. 

Vinton, Benton County. 

In August, 1852, Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti- 
tution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. 

By act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act to establish an Asylum 
for the Blind," approved January 18, 1853, the institution was adopted by the 
State, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils 
April 4, 1853, free to all the blind in the State. 

The first Board of Trustees were James D. Eads, President ; George W. 
McClary, Secretary; James H. Gower, Treasurer; Martin L. Morris, Stephen 
Hempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof, 



198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Samuel Bacon, Principal ; T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah 
K. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils Avere admitted during the first term. 

In his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name 
should be clianged from " Asylum for the Blind," to that of " Institution for 
the Instruction of the Blind." This was done in 1855, when the General As- 
sembly made an annual appropriation for the College of ^55 per quarter for 
each puj>il. This was subsequently changed to $8,000 per annum, and a charge 
of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sura, with the amounts realized 
from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved sufficient for 
the expenses of the institution during Mr. Bacon's administration. Although 
Mr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and 
had founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician 
he had few superiors. 

On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made arrange- 
ments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town. 

In June of that year, a quarter section of land was donated for the College, 
by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the 
erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con- 
tract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,420. 

In August, 1862, the building Avas so far completed that the goods and fur- 
niture of the institution were removed from Iowa City to Vinton, and early in 
October, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time, 
Rev. Orlando Clark was Principal. 

In August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legisla- 
ture, consisting of James McQuin, President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary; Jas. 
Chapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized 
and made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as 
Principal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed 
Assistant Teachers ; Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron. 

Mr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was 
appointed in his place. In September, 1860, Mr. Geddes retired, and was 
succeeded by Prof. S. A.Knapp. Mrs. S. C. Lawton was appointed Matron, 
and was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1, 

1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2, 

1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877, 
when the present incumbent. Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected. 

Trustees, 1S77-S. — Jeremiah L. Gay, President; S. H.Watson, Treasurer; 
H. C. Piatt, Jacob Springer, C. L. Flint and P. F. Sturgis. 

Faculty. — Principal, Rev. Robert Carothers, A. M. ; Matron, Mrs. Emeline 
E. Carothers; Teachers, Thomas F. McCune, A. B., Miss Grace A. Hill, 
Mrs. C. A. Spencer, Miss Mary Baker, Miss C. R. Miller, Miss Lorana Mat- 
tice, Miss A. M. McCutcheon ; Musical Director, S. 0. Spencer. 

The Legislative Committee who visited this institution in 1878 expressed 
their astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs 
of the State. The structure is well built, and the money properly expended ; 
yet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter 
disregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why 
$282,000 should have been expended for a massive building covering about two 
and a half acres for the accommodation of 130 people, costing over eight thou- 
sand ddlars a year to heat it, and costing the State about five hundred dollars 
a year for each pupil. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 199 

INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 

Council Bluffs, Pottawattomie County. 

The Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City 
by an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number 
of deaf mutes then in the State was 301 ; the number attending the Institution, 
50. The first Bonrd of Trustees were: Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Hon. E. 
Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wojd, H. D. Downey, William Crum, W. E. 
Ijams, Principal, On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board 
appointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the 
Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Mr. Talbot was ardently devoted to 
the interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class 
under his charge. 

A strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important institution to 
Des Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building 
rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for, 
and to superintend the erection of, a ncAV building, for Avhich the Legislature 
appropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis- 
sioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun- 
cil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870, 
and immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main 
building and east wing were destroyed by fire; and August 6 following, the 
roof of the new west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by 
a tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in 
attendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of 
scholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or two the school was in run- 
ning order. 

The Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the Winter of 
1857-8 was not well pleased with the condition of affairs, and reported that the 
building (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monument of unskillful 
workmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in management 
were very essential. 

Trustees, 1877-8. — Thomas Officer, President ; N. P. Dodge, Treasurer ; 
Paul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell. 

Superintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A, Teachers, Edwin South wick, 
Conrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespie, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel, 
Ella J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie ; Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D.; Steward, 
N. A. Taylor; Matron, Mary B. Swan. 

SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. 

Davenport, Cedar Falls, Grlemvood. 

The movement which culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in- 
stitution was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the civil war of 
1861-65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, on 
the 7th of October 1863, for the purpose of devising measures for the support 
and education of the orphan children of the brave sons of Iowa, Avho had fallen 
in defense of national honor and integrity. So great was the public interest in 
the movement that there was a large representation from all parts of the State 
on the day named, and an association was organized called the Iowa State Or- 
phan Asylum. 



200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The first officers were : President, William M. Stone ; A'ice Presidents, Mrs. 
G. G. Wright, Mrs. R. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. Hancock, Jchn R. Needliam, J. W. 
Cattell, Mrs. Mary M. Bagg ; Recording Secretary, Miss Mary Kibben ; Cor- 
responding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelton ; Treasurer, N. H. Brainerd; Board 
of Trustees, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Mrs. C. B. Darwin, Mrs. D. T. Newcomb, 
Mrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Fayville, E. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields, 
Caleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. C. Henderson. 

The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, in the Repre- 
sentative Hall, at Des Moines. Committees from both branches of the General 
Assembly were present and were invited to participate in their deliberations. 
Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected 
with the Asylum. Arrangements were made for raising funds. 

At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to 
commence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. HoAvell, of Keo- 
kuk, was Chairman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations, 
and procure suitable furniture. This committee secured a large brick building 
in Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged Mr. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
Steward. 

At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, 1864, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin, 
Mrs. G. G. W^right, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George 
Sherman were appointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces- 
sary steps for opening the "Home," and notice was given that at the next 
meeting of the Association, a motion would be made to change the name of the 
Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. 

The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the 1 3th day 
of July following, the Executive Committee announced that they were ready to 
receive the children. In three weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the num- 
ber constantly increased, so that, in a little more than six months from the time 
of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty more applica- 
tions, which the Committee had not acted upon — all orphans of soldiers. 

Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed Matron. She resigned, 
in February, 1865, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont 
County. 

The " Home " was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people, 
until 1866, when it was assumed by the State. In that year, the General 
Assembly provided for the location of several such "Homes" in the different 
counties, and which were established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, 
Black Hawk County, and at Glenwood, jNIills County. 

The Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight 
and management of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of the State, and consisted 
of one person from each county in which such Home was located, and one for 
the State at large, who held their office two years, or until their successors were 
elected and qualified. An appropriation of $10 per month for each orphan 
actually supported Avas made by the General Assembly. 

The Home in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, and an old hotel building 
was fitted up for it. Rufus C, Mary L. and Emma L. Bauer were the first 
children received, in October, and by January, 1866, there were ninety-six in- 
mates. 

October 12, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building, about 
two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous for several years, but 
in 1876, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar 
Falls and appropriated the buildings and grounds for that purpose. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201 

By " An act to provide for the organization and support of an asylum at 
Glenwood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children," approved March 17, 
1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that 
place were appropriated for this purpose. By another act, approved March 15, 
1876, the soldiers' orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls, 
were to be removed to the Home at Davenport Avithin ninety days thereafter, 
and the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to receive other indigent 
children into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial 
pursuits. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 

Cedar Falls, Black JlatvJc County. 

Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab- 
lished a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and required 
the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to turn over the property in their 
charge to the Directors of the new institution. 

The Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ- 
ized by the election of H. C. Hemenway, President ; J. J, Toleston, Secretary, 
and E. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the 
property of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted 
for as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J. C. Gilchrist Avas elected 
Principal of the School. 

On the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive and 
teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. A Steward 
and a Matron were elected, and their respective duties defined. 

The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as the appro- 
priation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876, 
commencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The 
second term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during 
the third term. 

The following are the Board of Directors, Board of Officers and Faculty : 

Board of Directors. — H. C. Hemenway, Cedar Falls, President, term 
expires 1882 ; L. D. Lewelling, Salem, Henry County, 1878 ; W. A. Stow, 
Hamburg, Fremont County, 1878 ; S. G. Smith, Newton, Jasper County, 
1880 ; E. H. Thayer, Clinton, Clinton County, 1880 ; G. S. Robinson, Storm 
Lake, Buena Arista County, 1882. 

Board of Officers. — J. J. Toleston, Secretary ; E. Townsend, Treasurer ; 
William Pattes, Steward; Mrs. P. A. Schermerhorn, Matron — all of Cedar 
Falls. 

Faculty. — J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, Professor of Mental and 
Moral Philosophy and Didactics ; M. W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Lan- 
guages and Natural Science ; D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics ; 
Miss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History ; E. W. Burnham, 
Professor of Music. 

ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. 

Glemvood, 3Iills County. 

Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved 
March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for I'ceblc minded 
children at Glenwood, Mills County, and the buildings and grounds of the 



202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The 
asylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of 
whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children betAveen the ages of 7 
and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sup- 
ported by the State was appropriated by the act, and |2,000 for salaries of 
officers and teachers for two years. 

Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County ; A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and 
W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, Avho held their first meeting at 
Glen wood, April 26, 1876. Mr. Robertson was elected President; Mr. Russell, 
Treasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm 
which had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The 
fences were broken down and the lumber destroyed or carried away ; the win- 
dows broken, doors off their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme, 
cellars reeking with offensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv- 
able variety of filth and garbage ; drains obstructed, cisterns broken, pump 
demoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst 
possible condition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house 
tenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request 
of the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum, 
visited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them much 
assistance. 

0. W. Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, was appointed Superintendent, 
and soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned. 
Mrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald, 
Teacher. 

The Institution was opened September 1, 1876 ; the first pupil admitted 
September 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils, 
which number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty-seven. December 
1, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, was employed as a teacher and 
in the Spring of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald was also employed. 

THE REFORM SCHOOL. 

Eldora, Hardin County. 

By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile 
Ofienders," approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a 
State Reform School at Salem, Lee (Henry) County; provided for a Board of 
Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the 
purpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept 
the proposition of the Trustees of Whites loAva Manual Labor Institute, at 
Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the 
Institute, and at once proceed to prepare for and open a reform school as a 
temporary establishment. 

The contract for fitting up the buildings was let to Clark & Haddock, Sep- 
tember 21, 1868, and on the 7th of October following, the first inmate was 
received from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission of children 
of both sexes under 18 years of age. In 1876, this was amended, so that they 
are now received at ages over 7 and under 16 years. 

April 10, 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent location 
for the school, and $45,000 was appropriated for the erection of the necessary 
buildings. The Trustees were further directed, as soon as practicable, to 
organize a school for girls in the buildings whei'e the boys were then kept. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 203 

The Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and in the Code 
of 1873, it is permanently located there by law. 

The institution is managed by five Trustees, "who are paid mileage, but no 
compensation for their services. 

The object is the reformation of the childi'en of both sexes, under tlie age 
of 16 years and over 7 years of age, and the law requires that the Trustees 
shall require the boys and girls under their charge to be instructed in piety and 
morality, and in such branches of useful knowledge as are adapted to their age 
and capacity, and in some regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufac- 
turing or agricultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and 
capacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation and future 
benefit of the boys and girls. 

A boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there kept, disci- 
plined, instructed, employed and governed, under the direction of the Trustees, 
until he or she arrives at the age of majority, or is bound out, reformed or 
legally discharged. The binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed, 
or having arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all penalties 
incurred by conviction of the offense for which he or she was committed. 

This is one step in the right direction. In the future, however, still further 
advances will be made, and the right of every individual to the fruits of their 
labor, even while restrained for the public good, will be recognized. 

FISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 

Near Anamosa, Jones County. 

The Fifteenth General Assembly, in 1874, passed " An act to provide for 
the appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners for the construction of 
Fishways for the protection and propagation of Fisli," also "An act to provide 
for furnishing the rivers and lakes with fish and fish spawn." This act appro- 
priated $3,000 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first 
act above mentioned, on the 9th of April, 1874, S. B. Evans of Ottumwa, 
Wapello County ; B. F. Shaw of Jones County, and Charles A. Haines, of 
Black Hawk County, were appointed to be Fish Commissioners by the Governor. 
These Commissioners met at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the 
election of Mr. Evans, President ; Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, 
and Mr. Haines, Treasurer. 

The State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to enable the 
Commissioners to better superintend the construction of fishways as required by 
law. That part of the State lying south of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railroad was placed under the especial supervision of Mr. Evans ; that part be- 
tween that railroad and the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. 
Shaw, and all north of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Haines. At this 
meeting, the Superintendent was authorized to build a State Hatching House ; 
to procure the spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa ; hatch and 
prepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them into the Avaters 
of the State. 

In compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once commenced work, 
and in the Summer of 1874, erected a " State Hatching House" near Anamosa, 
20x40 feet, two stories; the second story being designed for a tenement ; the 
first story being the "hatching room." The hatching troughs are supplied 
with water from a magnificent spring four feet deep and about ten feet in diam- 
eter, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of pure running water. During 



204 HISTORY OF TIIL: state of IOWA. 

the first year, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, the Commissioners distributed 
within the State 100,000 Shad, 300,000 California Sahnon, 10,000 Bass, 
80,000 Penobscot (Maine) Salmon, 5,000 land-locked Salmon, 20,000 of 
other species. 

By act approved March 10, 1876, the law was amended so that there should 
be but one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. F. Shaw was appointed, 
and the Commissioner was authorized to purchase twenty acres of land, on 
which the State Hatching House was located near Anamosa. 

In the Fall of 1876, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the sloughs of the 
Mississippi, where they would have been destroyed, over a million and a half of 
small fish, which were distributed in the various rivers of the State and turned 
into the Mississippi. 

In 1875-6, 533,000 California Salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 Lake Trout 
were distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. The experiment of 
stocking the small streams with brook trout is being tried, and 81,000 of the 
speckled beauties were distributed in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were 
distributed. These came from New York and they are increasing rapidly. 

At the close of 1877, there were at least a dozen private fish farms in suc- 
cessful operation in various parts of the State. Commissioner Shaw is en- 
thusiastically devoted to the duties of his office and has performed an important 
service for the people of the State by his intelligent and successful operations. 

The Sixteenth General Assembly passed an act in 1878, prohibiting the 
catching of any kind of fish except Brook Trout from March until June of each 
year. Some varieties are fit for food only during this period. 



THE PUBLIC LANDS. 

The grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for various purposes, 
are as follows : 

1. The 500,000 Acre Grant. 

2. The I6ih Section Grant. 

3. The Mortgage School Lands. 

4. The University Grant. 
6. The Saline Grant. 

6. Tlie Des Moines River Grant. 

7. The Des Moines River School Lands. 

8. The Swamp Land Grant. 

9. The Railroad Grant. 

10. The Agricultural College Grant. 

I. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT. 

When the State was admitted into the Union, she became entitled to 
500,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, approved September 4, 
1841, which granted to each State therein specified 500,000 acres of public land 
for internal improvements ; to each State admitted subsequently to the passage 
of the act, an amount of land which, with the amount that might have been 
granted to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. All these lands 
were required to be selected within the limits of the State to which they were 
granted. 

The Constitution cf Iowa declares that the proceeds of this grant, together 
with all lands then granted or to be granted by Congress for the benefit of 
schools, shall constitute a perpetual fund for the support of schools throughout 
the State.~ By an act approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 205 

a board of School Fund Commissioners, and to that board was confided the 
selection, care and sale of these lands for the benefit of the School Fund. Until 
1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, but on the 15th of January of that year, they were clothed with 
exclusive authority in the management and sale of school lands. The office of 
School Fund Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in 
each county was required to transfer all papers to and make full settlement with 
the County Judge. By this act. County Judges and Township Trustees were 
ma;le the agents of the State to control and sell the sixteenth sections ; but no 
further provision was made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April 
3d, 1860, when the entire management of the school lands was committed to 
the Boards of Supervisors of the sevei-al counties. 

II. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS. 

By the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the Union, there 
was granted to the new State the sixteenth section in every township, or where 
that section had been sold, other lands of like amount for the use of schools. 
The Constitution of the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale 
of these sections shall constitute a part of the permanent School Fund. The 
control and sale of these lands Avere vested in the School Fund Commissioners 
of the several counties until March 23, 1858, when they were transferred to the 
County Judges and Township Trustees, and were finally placed under the 
supervision of the County Boai'ds of Supervisors in January, 1861. 

III. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS. 

These do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They are lands 
that have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became school lands when bid 
oiF by the State by virtue of a law passed in 1862. Under the provisions of the 
law regulating the management and investment of the permanent school fund, 
persons desiring loans from that fund are required to secure the payment thereof 
with interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory notes endorsed by two 
good sureties and by mortgage on unincumbered real estate, which must be 
situated in the county where the loan is made, and which must be valued by 
three appraisers. Making these loans and taking the required securities was 
made the duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the Board 
of Supervisors at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages and abstracts of 
title connected Avith the school fund, for examination. 

When default was made of payment of money so secured by mortgage, and 
no arrangement made for extension of time as the law provides, the Board of 
Supervisors Avere authorized to bring suit and prosecute it Avith diligence to 
.secure said fund; and in action in fiivor of the county for the use of the school 
fund, an injunction may issue Avithout bonds, and in any such action, Avhen 
service is made by publication, default and judgment may be entered and 
enforced Avithout bonds. In case of sale of land on execution founded on any 
such mortgage, the attorney of the board, or other person duly authorized, shall, 
on behalf of the State or county for the use of said fund, bid such sum as the 
interests of said fund may require, and if struck oif to the State the land shall 
be held and disposed of as the other lands belonging to the fund. These lands 
are knoAvn as the Mortgage School Lands, and reports of them, including 
description and amount, are required to be made to the State Land Office. 



206 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

IV. UNIVERSITY LANDS. 

By act of Congress, July 20, 1840, a quantity of land not exceeding two 
f-ntire townships was reserved in the Territory of Iowa for the use and support 
■jf a university within said Territory when it should become a State. This land 
was to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used 
for no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act supplemental 
to that for tlie admission of Iowa, March 3, 1845, the grant was renewed, and it 
was provided that the lands should be used "solely for the purpose of such 
university, in such manner as the Legislature may prescribe." 

Under this grant there were set apart and approved by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, for tlie use of the State, the following lands : 

ACRES. 

In the Iowa City Land District, Feb. 26, 1849 20,150.49 

In the Faiifiel.l Land District, Oct. 17, 1849 9,685.20 

In the Iowa City Land District, Jan. 28, 1850 2,571.81 

In the Fairfield Land District, Sept. 10, 1850 3,198.20 

In tlie Dubuque Land District, May 19, 1852 10,552.24 

. Total 45,957.94 

These lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The University 
lands are placed by law under the control and management of the Board of 
Trustees of the Iowa State University. Prior to 1865, there had been selected 
and located under 282 patents, 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,036 
acres unpatented, making a total of 45,928 acres. 

V. — SALINE LANDS. 

By act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, the State of Iowa was 
granted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve. 
By a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, Congress granted the springs 
to the State in fee simple, together with six sections of land contiguous to each, 
to be disposed of as the Legislature might direct. In 1861, the proceeds of 
these lands then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support- 
ing a lunatic asylum, but no sales were made. In 1856, the proceeds of the 
saline lands were appropriated to the Insane Asylum, repealed in 1858. In 
1860, the saline lands and funds were made a part of the permanent fund of 
the State University. These lands were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur, 
Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren and Wayne Counties. 

VI. — THE DES MOINES RIVER GRANT. 

By act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land was made 
for the improvement of the navigation of Des Moines River, as follows : 

Beit enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Uii'ted States of America in 
Congress assembl''d, That there be, and hereby is, granted to said Territory of Iowa, for the 
purpose of aiding said Territory to improve the navigation of the Des Moines River from its 
mouth to the Raccoon Fork (so called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections, 
of the public lauds (remaining unsold and not otherwise disposed of, incumbered or appropri- 
ated), in a strip five miles in width on each side of said river, to be selected within said Terri- 
tory by an agent or a<:ents to be appointed by the Governor thereof, subject to the approval of 
the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. 

Sec. 2. A-id be it further enacted, Thxt the lands hereby granted shall not be conveyed 
or disposed of by said Territory, nor by any State to be formed out of the same, except as said 
improvement shall progress; that 1=, the said Territory or State may sell so much of said lands 
as shall produce the sum of thirty thousand dollars, and then the sales shall cease until the Gov- 
ernor of said Territory or State shall certify the fact to (he President of the United States that 
ouc-lialf of said sum has been expended "upon said improvements, when the said Territory or 



HISTORy OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 207 

State may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said lands sufficient to replace the amount 
expended, and thus the sales shall progress as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the 
fact of such expenditure shall be certified as aforesaid. 

Sec. o. And be it further enacted, That the said Piiver Des INIoines shall be and forever 
remain a public highway tor the use of the Government of the United States, free from any toll 
or other charge whatever, for any property of the United States or persons in their service 
passing through or along the same : Provided alu-ays, That it shall not be competent for the said 
Territory or future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price lower than, 
for the time being, shall be the minimum price of other public lands. 

Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, Tliat wheneverthe Territory of Iowa shall be admitted 
into the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for llie above purpose shall be and become 
the property of said State for the purpose contemplated iu this act, and for no other: Provided 
the Legislature of the State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose." Approved 
Aug. 8, 1846. 

By joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 9, 
1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. By another act, ap- 
proved February 24, 1847, entited "An act creating the Board of Public 
Works, and providing for the improvement of the Des Moines River," the 
Legislature provided for a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and 
Treasurer, to be elected by the people. Tliis Board was elected August 2, 
1847, and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same act 
defined the nature of the improvement to be made, and provided that the work 
should be paid for from the funds to be derived from the sale of lands to be 
sold by the Board. 

Agents appointed by the Governor selected the sections designated by "odd 
numbers" throughout the whole exten*; of the grant, and this selection was ap- 
proved by the Secretary of the Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion 
as to the extent of the grant. It was held by some tliat it extended from the 
mouth of the Des Moines only to the Raccoon Forks ; others held, as the 
agents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from the mouth to the 
head waters of the river. Richard M. Young, Commissioner of the General 
Land Office, on the 23d of February, 1848, construed the grant to mean that 
" the State is entitled to the alternate sections within five miles of the Des 
Moines River, throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of 
Iowa." Under this construction, the alternate sections above the Raccoon 
Forks wouLl, of course, belong to the State; but on the 19th of June, 1848, 
some of these lands were, by proclamation, thrown into market. On the 18th 
of September, the Board of Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Com- 
missioner of the General Land Office. The Board also sent in a protest to the 
State Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 8th of 
January, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Iowa also 
protested against the sale, in a conmiunication to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec- 
retary of the Treasury, to which the Secretary replied, concurring in the 
opinion that the grant extended the whole length of the Des Moines River in 
Iowa. 

On the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General Land Office 
directed the Register and Receiver of the Land Office at Iowa City " to with- 
hold froin sale all lands situated in the odd numbered sections within five miles 
on each side of the Des Moines River ab ve the Raccoon Forks." March 13, 
1850, the Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secretary 
of the Interior a list "sliowing the tracts falling within the limits of the Des 
Moines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, etc., under the decision of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, of xMarch 2, 1849," and on the 6th of April 
following, Mr. Ewing, then Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of 
Secretary Walker, but ordered the lands to be withheld from sale until Con- 



208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gress could have an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The Iowa author- 
ities appealed from this decision to the President (Taylor), who referred the 
matter to the Attorney General (Mr. Johnson). On the 19th of July, Mr. 
Johnson submitted as his opinion, that by the terras of the grant itself, it ex- 
tended to the very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion was pub- 
lished President Taylor died. When Mr. Tyler's cabinet was formed, the 
question was submitted to the new Attorney General (Mr. Crittenden), who, on 
the 30th of June, 1851, reported that in his opinion the grant did not extend 
above the Raccoon Forks. Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred 
with Mr. Crittenden at first, but subsequently consented to lay the whole sub- 
ject before the President and Cabinet, who decided in favor of the State. 

October 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office to "submit for his approval such lists as had been prepared, and to 
proceed to report for like approval lists of the alternate sections claimed by the 
State of Iowa above the Raccoon Forks, as far as the surveys have progressed, 
or may hereafter be completed and returned." And on the following day, three 
lists of these lands Avere prepared in the General Land Office. 

The lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under this grant, and 
all lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows : 

By Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30, 1851 81,707.93 acres. 

March 10, 1852 143,908.37 " 

By Secretary McLellan, Dec. 17, 1853 83,142.43 " 

Dec. 30, 1853 12,813.51 " 

Total 271, 572.24 acres. 

The Commissioners and Register of the Des Moines River Improvement, in 
their report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, estimates the total amount of 
lands then available for the work, including those in possession of the State and 
those to be surveyed and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness 
then standing against the fund was about ^108,000, and the Commissioners 
estimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000. 

January 19, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners to sell 
" any or all the lands which have or may hereafter be granted, for not less than 
$1,300,000." 

On the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided for the elec- 
tion of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed two Assistant Commission- 
ers, with authority to make a contract, selling the lands of the Improvement 
for $1,300,000. This new Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, with the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands donated 
to the State by Act of Congress of August 8, 1816, which the State had not 
sold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,300,000, to be expended on the im- 
provement of the river, and in paying the indebtedness then due. This con- 
tract was duly reported to the Governor and General Assembly. 

By an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and Register of 
the Des Moines River Improvement were authorized to negotiate with the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company for the purchase of lands in Webster 
County which had been sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands, 
but which had been certified to the State as Des Mdines River lands, and had, 
therefore, become the property of the Company, under the provisions of its 
contract with the State. 

March 21, 1856, the old question of the extent of the gr^i.nt was again raised 
and the Commissioner of the General Land Office decided th^^ it was limited to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 209 

the Raccoon Fork. Appeal was made to the Secretary of the Interior, and by 
him the matter was referred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant 
extended to the northern boundary of the State; the State relinquished its 
claim to lands lying along the river in Minnesota, and the vexed question Avas 
supposed to be finally settled. 

The land which had been certified, as well as those extending to the north- 
ern boundary \\ithin the limits of the grant, were reserved from pre-emption 
and sale by the General Land Commissioner, to satisfy the grant of August 8, 
1846, and they were treated as having passed to the State, which from time to 
time sold portions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des Moines Navi- 
igation & Raih'oad Company, applying the proceeds thereof to the improve- 
ment of the river in compliance with the terms of the grant. Prior to tlie final 
sale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the State had sold about 327,000 acres, of 
which amount 58,880 acres were located above the Raccoon Fork. The last 
certificate of the General Land Office bears date December 30, 1853. 

After June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company 
carried on the work under its contract with the State. As the improvement 
progressed, the State, from time to time, by its authorized officers, issued to the 
Company, in payment for said work, certificates for lands. But the General 
Land Office ceased to certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State 
had made no other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree- 
ments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities and the 
Company. 

March 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature submitting 
a proposition for final settlement to the Company, which was accepted. The Com- 
pany paid to the State $20,000 in cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat 
and materials named in the resolution ; and the State, on the 3d of May, 1858, 
executed to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company fourteen deeds 
or patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703.64 acres. These deeds were 
intended to convey all the lands of this grant certified to the State by the Gen- 
eral Government not previously sold ; but, as if for the purpose of covering any 
tract or parcel that might have been omitted, the State made another deed of 
conveyance on the 18th day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, it is claimed, 
by the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which about 53,367 are below the 
Raccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 acres, are above that point. 

Besides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded to individual 
purchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, making an aggregate of 271,- 
571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all of which had been certified to the State 
by the Federal Government. 

By act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the remainder of 
the grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad Company, 
upon condition that said Company assumed all liabilities resulting from the Des 
Moines River improvement operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in 
security for the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and dams 
at Bentonsport, Croton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For every three thousand 
dollars' worth of work done on the locks and dams, and for every three thousand 
dollars paid by the Company of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of 
the State Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres of 
the 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, tliere had been pre- 
sented by the Company, under tlie provisions of the act of 1858, and allowed, 
claims amounting to $109,579.37, about seventy-five per cent, of which had 
been settled. 



210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

After the passage of the Act above noticed, the question of the extent of the 
original grant uas again mooted, and at the December Tei-m of the Supreme Court 
of the United States, in 1859-00, a decision Avas rendered declaring that the 
grant did not extend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land above 
the Fork had been issued without authority of law and "were, therefore, void 
(see 23 How., 6G). 

The State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of land without authority, 
according to this decision, and appeal was made to Congress for relief, which 
was granted on the 3d day of March, 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing 
to tlie State all the title which the United States then still retained in the tracts 
of land along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been im- 
properly certified to the State by the Department of the Interior, and which is 
now held by bona fide purchasers under the State of Iowa. 

In confirmation of this relinquishment, by act approved July 12, 1862, 
Congress enacted : 

That the grant of lands to the <hen Territory of Iowa for the improvement of the Des Moines 
River, made by the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended so as to incUide the alternate sec- 
tions (designated by odd numbers) Ij'ing within tive miles of said river, between the Raccoon 
Fork and the northern boundary of said State; such lands are to be held and api)lieil in accord- 
ance with the provisions of the original grant, except that the consent of Congress is hereby given 
to the application of a portion thereof (o aid in the construction of the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines 
& Minnesota Railroad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of (he General Assembly of 
the State of Iowa, approved March 22, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall liave been sold 
or otherwise disposed of by the United States before the passage of this act, except those released 
by the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint resolution of March 3, 
1801, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to set apart an equal amount of lands within 
said State to be certified in lieu theT-eof; Provtde'l, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed 
any portion of tlie lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved invalid, 
any lands which shall be certified to said State in lieu thereof by virtue of the provisions of this 
act, shall inure to and be held as a trust fund for the benefit of the pei'son or persons, respect- 
ively, whose titles shall have failed as aforesaid. 

The grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted by a joint 
resolution of the General Assembly, September 11, 1862, in extra session. On 
the same day, the Governor Avas authorized to appoint one or more Commis- 
sioners to select the lands in accordance with the grant. These Commissioners 
were instructed to report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land 
Office. The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the grant, and 
were not to be disposed of until further legislation should be had. D. W. Kil- 
burne, of Lee County, Avas appointed Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of 
April, 1864, the General Land Officer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres 
froni the A^acant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and the 
selections Avere made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land Districts. 

Many difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims and titles, 
grcAv out of this grant, and these difficulties Avere enhanced by the uncertainty 
of its limits until the act of Congress of July, 1862. But the General Assem- 
bly sought, by Avise and appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles 
derived from the State. Especially Avas the determination to protect the actual 
settlers, Avho had paid their money and made improvements prior to the final 
settlement of the limits of tlie grant by Congress. 

VII. — THE DES MOINES RIA'ER SCHOOL LANDS. 

These lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made by Congress 
in 1841 ; including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, selected by the Agent of 
the State under that grant, and approved by the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office February 20, 1851. They Avere ordered into the market June 6, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 211 

1853, by tlie Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John Tol- 
man, School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to sell them as school 
lands. Subsequently, when the act of 1846 was construed to extend the Des 
Moines River grant above Raccoon Fork, it was held that the odd numbered 
sections of these lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that 
act, and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres were set apart 
and approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, as a part of the 
Des JNloines River grant. January 6, 1854, the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office transmitted to the Superintendent of Public Instruction a certified 
copy of the lists of tliese lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior. 
Prior to this action of the Department, hoAvever, Mr. Tolman had sold to indi- 
vidual purchasers 3,194.28 acres as school lands, and their titles were, of course, 
killed. For their relief, an act, approved April 2, 1860, provided that, upon 
application and proper showing, these purchasers should be entitled to draw 
from the State Treasury the amount they had paid, with 10 per cent, interest, 
on the contract to purchase made with Mr. Tolman. Under tliis act, five appli- 
cations were made prior to 1864, and the applicants received, in the aggregate, 
$949.53. 

By an act approved April 7, 1862, the Governor was forbidden to issue to 
the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Company any certificate of the completion 
of any part of said road, or any conveyance of lands, until the company should 
execute and file, in the State Land Office, a release of its claim — first, to cer- 
tain swamp lands; second, to the Des Moines River Lands sold by Tolman; 
third, to certain other river lands. That act provided that "the said company 
shall transfer their interest in those tracts of land in Webster and Hamilton 
Counties heretofore sold by John Tolman, School Fund Commissioner, to the 
Register of the State Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out 
and perf )rm said contracts in all cases when he is called upon by the parties 
interested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D. 1864. 

The company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in the Land Office, Feb- 
ruary 27, 1864, at the same time entered its protest that it had no claim upon 
them, never had pretended to have, and had never sought to claim them. Tha 
Register of the State Land Office, under the advice of the Attorney General, 
decided that patents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases 
where contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remaining 
uncanceled under the act of 1860. But before any were issued, on the 27th of 
August, 1864, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company commenced a 
suit in chancery, in the District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of 
such patents. On the 30th of August, an ex parte injunction was issued. In 
January, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, filed in the 
court an elaborate answer to plaintiffs' petition, denying that the company had 
any right to or title in the lands. Mr. Harvey's successor, Mr. C. C. Carpen- 
ter, file*! a still more exhaustive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868, 
the District Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the 
Supreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed in December, 
1869. 

VIII. — SWAMP LAND GRANT. 

By an act of Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkansas and 
other States to reclaim swampy lands within their limits, granted all the swamp 
and overflowed lands remaining unsold within their respective limits to the 
several States. Although the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act 



212 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

does not exceed 4,000,000 acres, it has, like tlie Dos Moines River and some 
of the hmd grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and required 
a deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of money in making the 
selections, securing proofs, etc., but the General Government appeared to be 
laboring under the impression that Iowa was not acting in good faith ; that she 
had selected a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred 
her interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and the General 
Land OlHce permitted contests as to the cliaracterof the lands already selected 
by the Agents of tlie State as "swamp lands." Congress, by joint resolution 
Dec. 18, 1856, and by act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the fatal result 
of this ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 1855, 
immediately after seN'eral remarkably wet seasons, and it was but natural that 
some portions of the selections would not appear swampy after a few dry seasons. 
Some time after these first selections were made, persons desired to enter 
parcels of the so-called swamp lands and offering to prove tlicm to be dry. In 
such cases the General Land Office ordered hearing before the local land officers, 
and if they decided the land to be dry, it was permitted to be entered and the 
claim of the State rejected. Speculators took advantage of this. Affidavits 
were bought of irresponsible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would 
confidently testify to the character of lands they never saw. These applica- 
tions multiplied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It Avas necessary that 
Congress should confirm all these selections to the State, that this gigantic 
scheme of fraud and plunder might be stopped. The act of Congress of 
^larch 3, 1857, was designed to accomplish this purpose. But the Commis- 
sioner of the General Land Office held that it was only a qualified confirma- 
tion, and under tliis construction sought to sustain the action of the Department 
in rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying tliem under act of May 15, 
1850, under which the railroad companies claimed all swamp land in odd num- 
bered sections within the limits of their respective roads. This action led to 
serious complications. When the railroad grant was made, it was not intended 
nor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lands. These Avere 
already disposed of by previous gi'ant. Nor did the companies expect to 
receive any of tliem, but under the decisions of the Department adverse to the 
State the Avay was opened, and they were not slow to enter tlieir claims. March 
4, 1802, the Attorney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly 
an opinion that the railroad companies were not entitled even to contest the 
right of the State to these lands, under the swamp land gi'ant. A letter from 
the Acting Commissioner of the General Land Office expressed the same 
opinion, and the General Assembly by joint resolution, approved Api-il 7, 1862, 
expressly repudiated the acts of the railroad comjiauies, and disclaimed any 
intention to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of 
Sept. 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found necessary in rela- 
tion to these swamp lands. 

IX. — THE RAILROAD GRANT. 

One of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for purposes of 
internal improvement was that known as tlie "Railroad Grant," by act of 
Congress approved May 15, 1856. This act granted to the State of Iowa, for 
the purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads from Burlington, on the 
Mississippi River, to a point on the Missouri River, near tlie mouth of Platte 
River; from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des Moines to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 213 

Council Bluffs ; from Lyons City northwesterly to a point of intersection with 
the main Hne of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, near Maquoketa ; thence- 
on said main line, running as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel : 
across the said State of Iowa to the Missouri River ; from the city of Dubuque 
to a point on tlie Missouri River, near Sioux City, with a branch from the 
mouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, to be com- 
pleted as soon- as the main road is completed to that point, every alternate section 
of land, designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each side of 
said roads. It was also provided that if it should appear, when the lines of those 
roads were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or right of pre- 
emption had attached to any portion of said land, the State was authorized to- 
select a quantity equal thereto, in alternate sections, or parts of sections, withirt 
fifteen miles of the lines so located. The lands remaining to the United States 
within six miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than the 
double minimum price of the public lands when sold, nor were any of said lands 
to become subject to private entry until they had been first offered at public 
sale at the increased price. 

Section 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State shall be 
disposed of by said State only in the manner following, that is to say: that a- 
([uantity of land not exceeding one hundred and twenty sections for each of said 
roads, and included within a continuous length of twenty miles of each of said 
roads, may be sold ; and when the Governor of said State shall certify to the 
Secretary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of said roa^s. 
is completed, then another quantity of land hereby granted, not to exceed one 
hundred and twenty sections for each of said roads having twenty continuous 
miles completed as aforesaid, and included within a continuous length of twenty 
miles of each of such roads, niay be sold; and so from time to time until said 
roads are completed, and if any of said roads are not completed Avithin ten. 
years, no further sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the 
United States." 

At a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act approved July 
14, 1856, the grant was accepted and the lands were granted by the State to 
the several railroad companies named, provided that the lines of their respective 
roads should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857 ; and pro- 
vided further, that if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five- 
miles of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 1859, and 
its entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be competent for the 
State of Iowa to resume all rights to lands remaining undisposed of by the 
company so fiiiling. 

The railroad companies, with the single exception of the Iowa Central Air 
Line, accepted the several grants in accordance with the provisions of the above 
act, located their respective roads and selected their lands. The grant to the 
Iowa Central was again granted to the Cedar Rapids & JNIissouri River Railroad 
Company, which accepted them. 

By act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubucpie & Sioux City Railroad Com- 
pany was required to execute a release to the State of certain swamp and school 
lands, included within the limits of its grant, in compensation for an extensioii 
of the time fixed for the completion of its road. 

A careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal any special 
reference to railroad companies. The lands were granted to the State, and the 
act evidently contemplate the sale of them hi/ the State, and the approin-iation 
of the proceeds to aid in the construction of certain lines of railroad within its 



214 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

limits. Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in dis- 
posing of the lands. 

Lists of all the lands embraced by the grant were made, and certified to the 
State by the proper authorities. Under an act of Congress approved August 3, 
1854, entitled "^4m act to vest in the several States and Territories the title in 
fee of the lands which have been or may he certified to them" these certified lists, 
the originals of which are filed in the General Land Office, conveyed to the State 
"the foe simple title to all the lands embraced in such lists that are of the char- 
acter contemplated " by the terms of the act making the grant, and "intended 
to be granted thereby ; but where lands embraced in such lists are not of the 
character embraced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be granted 
thereby, said lists, so far as these lands are concerned, shall be perfectly null 
and void; and no riglit, title, claim or interest shall be conveyed thereby." 
Those certified lists made under the act of May 15, 1856, were forty-three in 
number, viz.: For the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, nine ; for the 
Mississippi & Missouri Railroad, 11 ; for the Iowa Central Air Line, thirteen ; 
and for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, ten. The lands thus approved to 
the State were as follows : 

Bnrlingfon & Missouri River R. R 287,095.34 acres. 

Mississippi & Missouri River R. 1 774,G74.o6 " 

Cedar R.apid3 & Missouri River 1'. R 775,454.19 " 

Dubuque & fcioux City R. R 1,226,558.32 " 

A portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the State, under 
the act of September 28, 1850, and these, by the terms of the act of August 3, 
18.54, could not be turned over to the railroads unless the claim of the State to 
them as swamp was first rejected. It was not possible to determine from the 
records of the State Land Office the extent of the conflictincr claims arising under 
the two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some of the counties 
were not filed of record. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, however, 
prepared lists of the lands claimed by the State as swamp under act of September 
28, 1850, and also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15, 
1856, amounting to 553,203.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had been 
rejected by the Department. These were consequently certified to the State as 
railroad lands. There was no mode other than the act of July, 1856, prescribed 
for transferring the title to these lands from the State to the companies. The 
courts had decided that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the 
State, and to her the companies should look for their titles. It was generally 
accepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, was all that was neces- 
sary to complete the transfer of title. It was assumed that all the rights and 
powers conferred upon the State by the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were 
by the act of the General Assembly transferred to the companies ; in other 
words, that it was designed to put the companies in the place of the State as the 
grantees from Congress — and, therefore, that which perfected the title thereto 
to the State perfected the title to the companies by virtue of the act of July, 
1856. One of the companies, however, tlie Burlington & Missouri River Rail- 
road Company, was not entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers 
thought that some further and specific action of the State authorities in addition 
to the act of the Legislature was necessary to complete their title. This induced 
Gov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his official certificate, under the broad 
seal of the State. On the 9th of November, 1859, the Governor thus certified 
to them (commencing at the Missouri River) 187,207.44 acres, and December 
27th, 43,775.70 acres, an aggregate of 231,073.14 acres. These were the only 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 216 

lands under the grant that were certified by the State authorities with any 
design of perfecting the title already vested in the company by the act of July, 
1856. The lists which were afterward furnished to the company were simply 
certified by the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the 
State from the United States General Land Office. These subsequent lists 
embraced lands that had been claimed by the State under the Swamp Land 
Grant. 

It was urged against the claim of the Companies that the effect of the act 
of the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the State as parties to the 
grant. 1st. That the lands were granted to the State to be held in trust for the 
accomplishment of a specific purpose, and therefore the State could not part 
with the title until that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it 
was not the intention of the act of July 14, 1856, to deprive the State of the con- 
trol of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain supervision of them 
and the right to withdraw all rights and powers and resume the title condition- 
ally conferred by that act upon the companies in the event of their failure to 
complete their part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the Gen- 
eral Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act of Con- 
gress approved August 3, 1851. The State Land Office held that the proper 
construction of the act of July 14, 1856, when accepted by the companies, was 
that it became a conditional contract that might ripen into a positive sale of the 
lands as from time to time the work should progress, and as the State thereby 
became authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them. 

This appears to have been the correct construction of the act, but by a sub- 
sequent act of Congress, approved June 2, 1864, amending the act of 1856, the 
terms of the grant were changed, and numerous controversies arose between the 
companies and the State. 

The ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the Davenport & 
Council Bluffs Railroad "to modify or change the location of the uncompleted 
portion of its line," to run through the town of Newton, Jasper County, or as 
nearly as practicable to that point. The original grant had been made to the 
State to aid in the construction of railroads within its limits and not to the com- 
panies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ignorant of what 
had been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, to have utterly disregarded it. 
The State had accepted the original grant. The Secretary of the Interior had 
already certified to the State all the lands intended to be included in the grant 
within fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be remembered 
that Section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the manner of sale of 
these lands from time to time as work on the railroads should progress, and also 
provided that " if an}^ of said roads are not completed within ten years, no fur- 
ther sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revolt to the United States." 
Having vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, it is plain 
that until the expiration of the ten years there could be no reversion, and the 
State, not the United States, must control them until the grant should expire 
by limitation. The United States authorities could not rightfully require the 
Secretary of the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of 
the lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act of June 
2, 1864, provided tliat whenever the Davenport & Council Bluffs Railroad Com- • 
pany should file in the General Land Office at Washington a map definitely 
showing such new location, the Secretary of the Interior should cause to be cer- 
tified and conveyed to said Company, from time to time, as the road progressed, 
out of any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved, or 



•216 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

©thenvise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption chiini or rigiit of homestead liad 
not attached, and on which a bona fide settlement and improvement had not 
been made under color of title derived from the United States or from the State 
of Iowa, Avitliin six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per 
mile e([ual to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the construction 
of said road by the act ta which this was an amendment. 

The term " out of any lands belonging to tke United States, not sold, re- 
served or otherwise disposed of, etc.," would seem to indicate that Congress did 
intend to grant lands already granted, but Avhen it declared that the Company 
should have an amount per mile equal to that originally antliorized to be granted, 
it is plain that the framers of the bill were ignorant of the real terms of the 
original grant, or that they designed that the United States should resume the 
title it had already parted with two years before the lands could revert to the 
United States under the original act, which was not repealed. 

A similar change was made in relation to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri 
Railroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a similar manner. 

Like provision was made for the Dubu(|ue & Sioux City Railroad, and the 
Company Avas permitted to change the location of its line between Fort Dodge 
and Sioux City, so as to secure the best route between those points; but this 
change of location was not to impair the right to the land granted in the orig- 
inal act, nor did it change the location of those lands. 

By the same act, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company was author- 
ized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant to any other company or 
person, " if, in the opinion of said Company, the construction of said railroad 
across the State of Iowa would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily com- 
pleted ; but such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabilities 
and conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect title in any other 
manner than the same would have been acquired by the original grantee." 

Still further, the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad was not forgotten, 
and was, by the same act, empowered to receive an amount of land per mile 
€([ual to that mentioned in the original act, and if that could not be found within 
the limits of six miles from the line of said road, then such selection miglit 
be made along such line within twenty miles thereof out of any public lands 
belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, or 
to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached. 

Those acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the '* lobby," occa- 
sioned much controversy and trouble. The Department of the Interior, how- 
ever, recognizing the fact that when the Secretary had certified the lands to the 
State, under the act of 1856, that act divested the United States of title, under 
the vesting act of August, 1854, refused to review its action, and also refused 
to order any and all investigations for establishing adverse claims (except in 
pre-emption cases), on the ground that the United States had parted with the 
title, and, therefore, could exercise no control over the land. 

May 12, 18(34, before the passage of the amendatory act above described. 
Congress granted to the State of Iowa, to aid in the construction of a railroad 
from McGregor to Sioux City, and for the benefit of the McGregor Western 
Railroad Company, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, 
for ten sections in width on each side of the proposed road, reserving the right 
to substitute other lands whenever it was found that tlie grant infringed, upon 
pre-empted lands, or on lands that had been reserved or disposed of for any other 
purpose. In sucli cases, the Secretary of the Interior was instructed to select, in 
lieu, lands belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 217 

X. — AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LANDS. 

An Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by act of the 
General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the eleventh section of the 
act, the proceeds of the five-section grant made for the purpose of aiding in the 
erection of public buildings was appropriated, subject to the approval of Con- 
gress, together with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State 
for the purpose, for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of March, by 
joint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of Congress to the proposed 
transfer. By act approved July 11, 1862, Congress removed the restrictions 
imposed in the "five-section grant," and authorized the General Assembly to 
make such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best for the interests of 
the State. By these several acts, the five sections of land in Jasper County 
certified to the State to aid in the erection of public buildings under the act of 
March 3, 1845, entitled " An act supplemental to the act for the admission of 
the States of Iowa and Florida into the Union," were fully appropriated for 
the benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institution is 
located in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one acres in that and 
two hundred in Boone County were donated to it by individuals interested in 
the success of the enterprise. 

By act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, an appropriation was made to 
each State and Territory of 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative 
in Congress, to which, by the apportionment under the census of 1860, they 
were respectively entitled. This grant was made for the purpose of endowing 
colleges of aojriculture and mechanic arts. 

Iowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of its Legis- 
lature, approved Sep4;eraber 11, 1862, entitled "An act to accept of tlie grant, 
and carry into execution the trust conferred upon the State of Iowa by an act 
of Congress entitled ' An act granting public lands to the several States and 
Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the 
mechanic arts,' approved July 2, 1862." This act made it the duty of the 
Governor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, and provided 
that none should be selected that were claimed by any county as swamp 
lands. The agent was required to make report of his doings to the Governor, 
who was instructed to submit the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of 
the Agricultural College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appro- 
priated to carry the law into effect. The State, having two Senators and six 
Representatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of land under this 
grant, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining an Agricultural College. 
Peter Melendy, Esq., of Black Hawk County, was appointed to make the selec- 
tions, and during August, September and December, 1863, located them in the 
Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 1864, 
these selections were certified by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 
and were approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior December 13, 
1864. The title to these lands was vested in the State in fee simple, and con- 
flicted with no other claims under other grants. 

The agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 acres; but 
as 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, which were computed at 
the rate of two acres for one, the actual amount of land approved to the State 
under this grant was only 204,309.30 acres, located as follows: 

In Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres. 

In Sioux City Land District 59,025.37 " 

In Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97 " 



218 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 1864, entitled, " An 
act authorizing the Trustees of thelowa State Agricultural College and Farm 
to sell all lands acquired, granted, donated or appropriated for the benefit of 
said college, and to make an investment of the proceeds thereof," all these lands 
were granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees were au- 
thorized to take possession, and sell or lease them. They Avere then, under the 
control of the Trustees, lands as follows : 

Under the act of July 2, 1852 204,309.30 acres. 

Of the five-section grant , 3,200.00 " 

L.inils donated in Story County 721.00 " 

Lands donated in Boone County 200.00 " 

Total 208,430.30 acres. 

The Trustees opened an office at Fort Dodge, and appointed Hon. G. W- 
Bassett their agent for the sale of these lands. 



THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

The gertn of the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks sec- 
ond to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had 
migrated to the " The Beautiful Land " from other and older States, where the 
common school system had been tested by many years' experience, bringing 
with them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be 
enjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted 
was expanded and improved in the broad fields of the West, until now it is 
justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the 
country. 

Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered humble log school 
houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were 
occupied by their brave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the 
first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means 
for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings 
for their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. 
Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house Avas the first united 
public act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time 
only disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth, 
and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. 
Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa 
been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school 
houses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To- 
day, the school houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of 
Iowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in the great Union. More 
especially is this true in all her cities and villages, Avhere liberal and lavish 
appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for tlie erection of large, 
commodious and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, 
and costing from $10,000 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have ex- 
pended more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings. 

The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James 
L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 1833. When it was 
completed, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the Winter of 
1833-4, and thirty-five pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught 
the second term with twenty-five pupils in attendance. 'Mrs. Caroline Dexter 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 219 

commenced teaching in Dubuque in Mai'ch, 1836. She was the first female 
teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton, 
Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an 
English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of 
schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. 

Among the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log school 
house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the 
Winter of 1834-5. 

The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner, 
in the Spring of 1837, and in 183U, a log school house was erected in Musca- 
tine, which' served for a long time for school house, church and public hall. 
The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa 
Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. 

When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of 
Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took 
place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had 
settled within the limits of the town ; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse 
Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now 
College street. 

The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. 
Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer 
of 1844, a log school house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, 
Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school Avas opened 
by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school purposes for 
nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a 
log school house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell 
in 1844. 

At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was 
taught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court in the Winter of 1846-7, 
in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. 

The first school in Pottawattomie County was opened by George Green, a 
Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 ; and until about 1854, nearly, if not 
quite, all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. 

The first school in Decorah was taught in 1853, by T. W. Burdick, then a 
young man of seventeen. In Osceola, the first school was opened by Mr. D. 
W. Scoville. The first school at Fort Dodge was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C 
Carpenter, since Governor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school 
house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied 
it as teacher. 

During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house pre- 
vailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for 
school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually dis- 
appearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336, and in 1875, 121. 

Iowa Territory Avas created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial 
Legislature passed an act providing that " there shall be established a common 
school, or schools in each of the counties in this Territory, which shall be 
open and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and 
twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that " the County 
Board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties 
whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the 
voters resident within such contemplated district." These districts were gov- 
erned by boards of trustees, usually of three persons ; each district was required 



220 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to maintain school at least three months in every year ; and later, laws were 
enacted providiiiiif for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that 
■whatever additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents 
sending, in proportion to the length of time sent. 

When Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,- 
000, and with 20,000 scholars within its limits, about four hundred school dis- 
tricts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the 
number had increased to 3,265. 

In March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that 
" each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should 
be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and 
reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. 

This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of 
the expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers. 
An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub- 
district system. Mr. Kiss -11, Superintendent, recommended, in his report of 
January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual 
message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of inde- 
pendent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. 

The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849 ; and new schools, in 
which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. 

The first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educational records 
of Iowa occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made 
December 2, 1850, who said, "An institution of this character was organized a 
few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, 
Wisconsin and Iowa. An association of teachers has, also, bren formed in the 
county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular 
institute in the county of Jones." At that time — although the beneficial 
influence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the expenses of 
attending them Avas greater than teachers with limited compensation were able 
to bear. To obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that '• the sum of 
^150 should be appropriated annually for throe years, to be drawn in install- 
ments of $50 each by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended 
for these institutions." He proposed that three in.stitutes should be held annu- 
ally at points to be designated by the Superintendent. 

No legislation in this direction, however, was had until March, 1858, when 
an act was passed authorizing the holding of teachers' institutes for periods not 
less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teacliers sliouhl desire. 
The Superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one 
institute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the institute might 
direct for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to 
defray the expenses of these institutes. 

December 6, 1858, Mr. Fisher reported to the Board of Education that 
institutes had been appointed in twenty counties within the preceding six months, 
and more Avould iiave been, but the appropriation had been exhausted. 

The Board of Education at its first session, commencing December 6, 1858, 
enacted a code of school laws Avhich retained the existing provisions for teachers' 
nistitutes. 

In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended tlie act of the Board by 
appropriating " a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such institute, 
held as provided by law in eacli county." 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 221 

In 1865, Mr. Faville reported tliat "the provision made by the State for the 
benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the 
people and the teachers, as during the last two years." 

By act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were established in 
each county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent. This was 
regarded as a very decided step iu advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the 
Sixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal 
School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and 
property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. This 
school is now " in tlie full tide of successful experiment." 

The public school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if the various 
officers Avho are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth 
are faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve. 

" The public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources. 
The sixteenth section of every Congressional Township was set apart by the 
General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the 
lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar 
and twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to 
the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent. 
on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this 
fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it ; the proceeds of 
all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived 
from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which 
cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts 
for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected. 
The proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State 
Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord- 
ing to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long 
terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the 
amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The 
interest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the avail- 
able school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all 
money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all 
moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned 
by the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in pro- 
portion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. 
The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned 
to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also 
levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources 
constitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable 
every sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months' school 
each year." 

The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the 
admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected 
for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of 
the district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are 
the pride of the State and an honor *to the people. If they have been some- 
times built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one to blame but 
themselves. The teaciiers' and contingent funds are determined by the Boai-d of 
Directors under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually, 
except in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed 
every three years.- The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support 



222 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board 
of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar ; usually, 
however, but one. Mr. Abcrnethy, who was Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion from 1872 to 1877, said in one of his reports: 

There is but little opposition to the levy of taxes for the support of schools, and there 
would be still less if the funds were always properly guarded and judiciously expended. How- 
ever much our people disagree upon other subjects, they are practically united upon this. 
The opposition of wealth has long since ceased to exist, and our wealthy men are usually the 
most lit)eral in their views and the most active friends of popular education. They are often 
found upon our school boards, and usually make the best of school officers. It is not uncommon 
for B)ar Is of Directors, especially in the larger towns and cities, to be composed wholly of men 
who represent the enterprise, wealth and business of their cities. 

At the close of 1877, there were 1,086 township districts, 3,138 indepen- 
dent districts and 7,015 sub-districts. There were 9,948 ungraded and 476 
graded schools, with an average annual session of seven months and five days. 
There Avere 7,348 male teachers employed, whose average compensation was 
$34.88 per month, and 12,518 female teachers, with an average compensation 
of $28.69 per month. 

The number of persons between the ages 5 and 21 years, in 1877, was 
567,859; number enrolled in public schools, 421,163; total average attendance, 
251,372 ; average cost of tuition per month, $1.62. There are 9,279 frame, 
671 brick, 257 stone and 89 log school houses, making a grand total of 10,296, 
valued at $9,044,973. The public school libraries number 17,329 volumes. 
Ninety-nine teachers' institutes were held during 1877. Teachers' salaries 
amounted to $2,953,645. There was expended for school houses, grounds, 
libraries and apparatus, $1,106,788, and for fuel and other contingencies, 
$1,136,995, making the grand total of $5,197,428 expended by the generous 
people of Iowa for the support of their magnificent public schools in a single 
year. The amount of the permanent school fund, at the close of 1877, was 
'$3,462,000. Annual interest, $276,960. 

In 1857, there were 3,265 independent districts, 2,708 ungraded schools, 
and 1,572 male and 1,424 female teachers. Teachers" salaries amounted to 
$198,142, and the total expenditures for schools was only $364,515. Six hun- 
dred and twenty-three volumes Avere the extent of the public school libraries 
twenty years ago, and there were only 1,686 school houses, valued at $571,064. 

In twenty years, teachers' salaries have increased from $198,142, in 1857, 
to $2,953,645 in 1877. Total school expenditures, from .$364,515 to 
$5,197,428. 

The significance of such facts as these is unmistakable. Such lavish expen- 
ditures can only be accounted for by the liberality and public spirit of the 
people, all of whom manifest their love of popular education and their faith in 
the public schools by the annual dedication to their support of more than one 
per cent, of tlieir entire taxable property; this, too, uninterruptedly through a 
series of years, commencing in the midst of a war which taxed their energies and 
resources to the extreme, and continuing tlirough years of general depression in 
business — years of moderate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and 
even amid the scanty surroundings and privations of pioneer life. Few human 
enterprises have a grander significance or give evidence of a more noble purpose 
than the generous contributions from the scanty resources of the pioneer for the 
purposes of public education. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 223 

POLITICAL RECORD. 

TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. 

Governors — Robert Lucas, 1838-41 ; John Chambers, 1841-45 ; James 
Clarke, 1845. 

Secretaries — William B. Conway, 1838, died 1839 ; James Clarke, 1839 ; 
0. H. W. Stull, 1841 ; Samuel J. Burr, 1843 ; Jesse Williams, 1845. 

Auditors— 3 e?,&e W illiams, 1840 ; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843 • Robert M. 
Secrest, 1845. 

Treasurers^-lhomion Bayliss, 1839 ; Morgan Reno, 1840. 

Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838 ; Joseph Williams, 1838 ; 
Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. 

Presidents of Council — Jesse B. Browne, 1838-0 ; Stephen Hempstead, 
1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John 1). 
Elbert, 1842-3; Thomas Cox, 1843-4 ;S. Clinton Hastings, 1845; Stephen 
Hempstead, 1845-6. 

Speakers of the House — William 11. Wallace, 1838-9 ; Edward Johnston, 
1839-40; Thomas Cox, 1840-1; Warner Lewis, 1841-2; James M. Morgan, 
1842-3 ; James P. Carleton, 1843-4 ; James M. Morgan, 1845 ; George W. 
McCleary, 1845-6. 

First Constitutional Convention, 18Jf,If, — Shepherd Leffler, President ; Geo. 
S. Hampton, Secretary. 

Second Constitutional Convention, 184.6 — Enos Lowe, President ; William 
Thompson, Secretary. 

OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. 

Governors — Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850 ; Stephen Hempstead, 1850 to 
1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858; Ralph P. Lowe, 185S to 1860; Sam- 
uel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864 ; William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868 ; Samuel 
Morrill, 1868 to 1872 ; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876 ; Samuel J. Kirk- 
Avood, 1876 to 1877; Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878; John H. 
Gear, 1878 to . 

Lieutenant Governor — Office created by the new Constitution Septeml)er 3, 
1857— Oran Faville, 1858-9 ; Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1 ; John R. Needham, 
1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John 
Scott, 1868-9; M. M. Walden, 1870-1; H. C. Bulis, 1872-3; Joseph Dy- 
sart, l«74-5 ; Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-7 ; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-9. 

Secretaries of State — Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 4, 1848; 
Josiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec. 2, 1850; George W. McCleary, Dec. 
2, 1850, to Dec. "l, 1856 ; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863 ; James 
Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6, 
1873; Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to . 

Auditors of /S^a^g— Joseph T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; Will- 
iam Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854; Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854, 
resigned in 1855 ; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Jonathan 
W. Cattell, 1859 to 1865; John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871; John Russell, 1871 
to 1875 ; Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to . 

Treasurers of State — Morgan Reno, Dec. 18, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850; 
Israel Kister, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852 ; Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4, 1852, 
to Jan. 2, 1859 ; John W. Jones. 1859 to 1863 ; William H. Holmes, 1863 to 



224 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1867 ; Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to 1873 ; William Christy, 1873 to 1877 ; 
George W. Bemis, 1877 to . 

Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office created in 1847 — James Harlan, 
June 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void) ; Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 
May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854 ; James D. Eads, 1854-7 ; Joseph C. Stone, 
March to June, 1857 ; Maturin L. Fisher, 1857 to Dec, 1858, when the office 
was abolished and the duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the 
Board of Education. 

Secretaries of Board of Education — Thomas 11. Benton, Jr., 1859-1863 ; 
Oran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864. 

Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office re-created March 23, 1864 — 
Oran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1, 1867; D. Franklin Wells, 
March 4, 1867, to Jan., 1870 ; A. S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872 ; Alonzo Abernethy, 
1872 to 1877 ; Carl W. Von Coelln, 1877 to . 

State Binder's — Office created February 21, 1855 — William M. Coles, May 
1,- 1855, to May 1, 1859; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867; James S. Carter, 
1867 to 1870; J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1875; 
James J. Smart, 1875 to 1876 ; H. A. Perkins, 1876 to . 

Registers of the State Land Office — Anson Hart, May 5, 1855, to May 
13, 1857 ; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Amos B. 
Miller, Jan. 3, 1859, to October, 1862; Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to 
J;in 5, 1863 ; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, Jan. 7, 1867, to January, 1871 ; Aaron Brown, January, 1871, to 
to January, 1875; David Secor, January, 1875, to -. 

State Printers — Office created Jan. 3, 1840 — Garrett D. Palmer and 
George Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Hornish, 
1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 1853 to 1855; Peter 
Moriarty, 1855 to 1857; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861; Francis W. Palmer, 
1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870; G. W. Edwards, 1870 to 
1872; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to . 

Adjutants G-eneral — Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5 ; Geo. W. McCleary, 1855-7 ; 
Elijah Sells, 1857 ; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61 ; Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877 ; 
John H. Looby, 1877 to . 

Attorneys G-eneral — David C. Cloud, 1853-56 ; Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60 
Charles C. Nourse, 1861-4; Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (i-esigned Januarv, 1866) 
Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); Henry O'Connor, 1867-72 
Marsena E. Cutts, 1872-6; John F. McJunkin, 1877. 

Presidents of the Senate — Thomas Baker, 1846-7 ; Thomas Hughes, 
1848; John J. Selman, 1848-9; Enos Lowe, 1850-1; William E. Leffing- 
well, 1852-3; Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5; William W. Hamilton, 1856-7. 
Under the new Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the 
Senate. 

Speakers of the House — Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8; Smiley H. Bonhan, 
1849-50 ; George Temple, 1851-2 ; James Grant, 1853-4 ; Reuben Noble, 
1855-6 ; Samuel McFarland, 1856-7 ; Stephen B. Sheledy, 1858-9 ; John 
Edwards, 1860-1 ; Rush Clark, 1862-3 ; Jacob Butler, 1864-5 ; Ed. Wright, 
1866-7; John Russell, 1868-9; Aylett R. Cotton, 1870-1; James Wilson, 
1872-3 ; John H. Gear, 1874-7 ; John Y. Stone, 1878. 

]^ew Constitutional Convention, 1859 — Francis Springer, President ; Thos. 
J. Saunders, Secretary. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 225 

STATE OFFICERS, 1878. 

John K. Gear, Governor; Frank T. Campbell, Lieutenant Governor; Josiah 
T. Young, Secretary of State; Buren R. Sherman, Auditor of State; George 
W. Bemis, Treasurer of State; David Secor, Register of State Land Office; 
John H. Looby, Adjutant General; John F. McJunken, Attorney General; 
Mrs. Ada North, State Librarian; Edward J. Holmes, Clerk Supreme Court; 
John S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme Court; Carl W. Von CooUn, Superintend- 
ent Public Instruction; Richard P. Clarkson, State Printer; Henry A. Perkins, 
State Binder; Prof. Nathan R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and 
Measures; William H. Fleming, Governor's Private Secretary; Fletcher W. 
Young, Deputy Secretary of State; John C. Parish, Deputy Auditor of State; 
Erastus G. Morgan, Deputy Treasurer of State; John M. Davis, Deputy Reg- 
ister Land Office; L^a C. Kling, Deputy Superintendent Public Instruction, 

THE JUDICIARY. 

SUPREME COURT OF IOWA. 

Chief Justices. — Charles Mason, resigned in June, 1847 ; Joseph Williams, 
Jan., 1847, to Jan., 1848; S. Clinton Hastings, Jan., 1848, to Jan., 1849; Joseph 
Williams, Jan., 1849, to Jan. 11, 1855; Geo. G. Wright, Jan. 11, 1855, to Jan., 
1860 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1860, to Jan. 1, 1862 ; Caleb Baldwin, Jan., 1862, to 
Jan., 1864; Geo. G. Wright,Jan., 1864,to Jan., 1866; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1866, 
to Jan., 1868; John F. Dillon, Jan., 1868, to Jan., 1870; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 
1, 1870, to Jan. 1, 1871; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to Jan. 1, 1872; Joseph 
M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1874; W. E. Miller, Jan. 1, 1874, to Jan. 1, 
1876; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 1, 1876, to Jan. 1, 1877; James G. Pay, Jan. 1, 
1877, to Jan. 1, 1878; James H. Rothrock, Jan. 1, 1878. 

Associate Judges. — Joseph Williams; Thomas S. Wilson, resigned Oct., 
1847; John F. Kinney, June 12, 1847, resigned Feb. 15, 1854; George 
Greene, Nov. 1, 1847, to Jan. 9, 1855; Jonathan C. Hall, Feb. 15, 1854, to 
succeed Kinney, resigned, to Jan., 1855; William G. Woodward, Jan. 9, 1855; 
Norman W. Isbell, Jan. 16, 1855, resigned 1856 ; Lacen D. Stockton, June 3, 
1856, to succeed Isbell, resigned, died June 9, 1860; Caleb Baldwin, Jan. 11, 
1860, to 1864; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan. 12, 1860; George G. Wright, June 26, 
1860, to succeed Stockton, deceased; elected U. S. Senator, 1870; John F. Dil- 
lon, Jan. 1, 1864, to succeed Baldwin, resigned, 1870; Chester C. Cole, March. 
1, 1864, to 1877; Joseph M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1868; W. E. Miller, October 11, 
1864, to succeed Dillon, resigned; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to succeed 
Wright. 

SUPREME COURT, 1878. 

James H. Rothrock, Cedar County, Chief Justice; Joseph M. Beck, Lee 
County, Associate Justice ; Austin Adams, Dubuque County, Associate Justice ; 
William H. Seevers, Oskaloosa County, Associate Justice; James G. Day, Fre- 
mont County, Associate Justice. 

CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. 

UNITED STATES SENATORS. 

(The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.) 

George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858 ; Augustus C. Dodge, Bur- 
lington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; 
James W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870 ; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 
Iowa City, elected Jan. 13, 1866, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James 



226 HISTORY OF the state of IOWA. 

Harlan ; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872 ; James B. Howell, 
Keokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by the death of J. W. 
Grimes — term expired March 3d ; George G. Wright, Des Moines, March 4, 
1871-1877; William B. Allison, Dubuque, March 4, 1872; Samuel J. Kirk- 
vrood, March 4, 1877. 

MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF UEPRESENTATIVE3. 

Twenty-ninth Congress — 184-6 to 1847 . — S. Clinton Hastings ; Shepherd 
Leffler. 

Thirtieth Congress — 184-7 to 1849. — First District, William Thompson : 
Second District, Sheplierd Leffler. 

TJurty-first Congress — 1849 to 1851. — First District, First Session, Wm. 
Thompson; unseated by the House of Representatives on a contest, and election 
remanded to the people. First District, Second Session, Daniel F. Miller. 
S.econd District, Shepherd Leffler. 

Thirty-second Congress — 1851 to 185S. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
Second District, Lincoln Clark. 

Thirty-third Congress — 185S to 1855. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
Second District, John P. Cook. 

Thirty-fourth Congress — 1855 to 1857. — First District, Augustus Hall. 
Second District, James Thorington. 

Thirty-fifth Congress — 1857 to 1859. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, Timothy Davis. 

Thirty-sixth Congress — 1859 to 1861. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, William Vandever. 

Thirty-seventh Co7igress — 1861 to i860. — First District, First Session, 
Samuel R. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James F. Wil- 
son. Second District, William A^andever. 

Thirty-eighth Congress — 1863 to 1865. — First District, James F. Wilson. 
Second District, Hiram Price. Third District, William B. Allison. Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Grinnell. Fifth District, John A. Kasson. Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Thirty-ninth Congress — 1865 to 1867. — First District, James F. Wilson ; 
Second District, Hiram Price; Third District, William B. Allison; Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Grinnell ; Fifth District, John A. Kasson ; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Fortieth Congress — 1867 to 1869. — First District, James F. Wilson ; Sec- 
ond District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison, Fourth District, 
William Loughridge; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Forty-first Congress — 1869 to 1871. — First District, George W. McCrary ; 
Second District, William Smyth ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
District, William Loughridge ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth Dis- 
trict, Charles Pomerov. 

Forty-second Congress— 187 1 to 1873.—Y\rii District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, W. G. Donnan ; 
Fourth District, Madison M. Waldon ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth 
District, Jackson Orr. 

Forty-third Congress — 1873 to 1875. — First District, George W. McCrary; 
Second District, Aylett R. Cotton; Third District, William Y. Donnan ; Fourth 
District, Henry 0. Pratt ; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 

* Ya:ated scat by accept ince of commission as Brigadier General, and J. F. Wilson chosen his successor. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 229 

William Lougliridge; Seventh District, John A, Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Ninth District, Jackson Orr. 

Forty-fourth Congress — 1S7S to 1877. — First District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District, John Q. Tufts ; Third District, L. L. Ainsworth ; 
Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 
Ezekiel S. Sampson ; Seventh District, John A. Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Fifth District, Addison Oliver. 

Forty-iifth Congress — 1877 to 1870. — First District, J. C. Stone; Second 
District, Hiram Price ; Third District, T. W. Burdick ; Fourth District, H. C. 
Deering ; Fifth District, Rush Clark ; Sixth District, E. S. Sampson ; 
Seventh District, H. J. B. Cummings ; Eighth District, W. F. Sapp ; Ninth 
District, Addison Oliver. 

WAR RECORD. 

The State of Iowa may well be proud of her record during the War of the 
Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865. The following brief but comprehensive sketch of 
the history she made during that trying period is largely from the pen of Col. A. 
P. Wood, of Dubuque, the author of " The History of Iowa and the Wai-," one 
of the best works of the kind yet written. 

"Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by 
the General Government, in the courage and constancy of her soldiery in the 
field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with which her civil administration was 
conducted during the trying period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa 
proved herself the peer of any loyal State. The proclamation of her Governor, 
responsive to that of the President, calling for volunteers to compose her First 
Regiment, was issued on the fourth day after the fall of Sumter. At the end 
of only a single week, men enough were reported to be in quarters (mostly in 
the vicinity of their own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were 
hardly more than a tithe of the number who had been offered by company com- 
manders for acceptance under the President's call. So urgent were these offers 
that the Governor requested (on the 24th of April) permission to organize an 
additional regiment. While awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally 
accepted a sufficient number of companies to compose two additional regiments. 
In a short time, he was notified that both of these Avould be accepted. Soon 
after the completion of the Second and Third Regiments (which was near the 
close of May), the Adjutant General of the State reported that upward of one 
hundred and seventy companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve 
against the enemies of the Union. 

" Much difficulty and considerable delay occured in fitting these regiments 
for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clothing 
was extemporized — principally by the volunteered labor of loyal Avomen in the 
different towns — from material of various colors and qualities, obtained within 
the limits of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. 
Meantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been called by the 
Governor, to convene on the 15th of May. With but little delay, that body 
authorized a loan of $800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and 
to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emer- 
gency. A wealthy merchant of the State (Ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident 
of McGregor) immediately took from the Governor a contract to supply a com- 
plete outfit of clothing for the tliree regiments organized, agreeing to receive, 
should the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in State bonds at par. This con- 



230 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

tract he executed to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which -was manu- 
factured in Boston, to his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which 
the troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day on which the 
contract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later. 
This clothing Avas delivered to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned 
by the Government, for the reason that its color Avas gray, and blue had been 
adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops." 

Other States also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of 
President Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the con- 
federate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned 
by the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal 
mistakes were liable to be made. 

But while engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common with 
all the other Union-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled 
to make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her own borders, 
from threatened invasion on the south by the Secessionists of Missouri, and 
from danger of incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile 
Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the 
presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were 
withdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of 
the nation at its very heart. 

To provide for the adequate defense of her borders from the ravages of both 
rebels in arms against the Government and of the more irresistible foes from 
the Western plains, the Governor of the State was authorized to raise and equip 
two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies) 
and a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies.) Only cavalry were 
enlisted for home defense, however, "but," says Col. Wood, "in times of special 
danger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri for 
assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often 
turned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had 
passed. 

" The first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field was received 
on the 13th of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, then commanding the 
United States forces in Missouri. The First and Second Infantry immediately 
embarked in steamboats, and moved to Hannibal. Some two weeks later, the 
Third Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with 
many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their first field 
service in Missouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army Avith 
which Gen. Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's 
Creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In 
the following month (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight support, 
fought Avith honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing ; and in 
November, the Seventh loAva, as a part of a force commanded by Gen. Grant, 
greatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, Avhere it poured out its 
blood like Avater — losing more than half of the men it took into action, 

" The initial operations in Avhich the battles referred to took place Avere fol- 
lowed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of 
this State, and other commanders, Avhich resulted in defeating the armies 
defending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates in Kentucky, Tenn- 
nessee, Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their Avithdrawal from much of 
the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other 
movements, down to the grand culminating campaign by Avhich Vicksburg was 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 231 

captured and the Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi 
River, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the investment 
and siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented by thirty regiments and two 
batteries, in addition to which, eight regiments and one battery were employed 
on the outposts of the besieging army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the 
many fields where they served won for them the highest meed of praise, both 
in military and civil circles. Multiplied were the terms in which expression 
was given to this sentiment, but these words of one of the journals of a neigh- 
boring State, ' The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes,' embody the 
spirit of all. 

" In the veteran re-enlistments that distinguished the closing months of 1863 
above all other periods in the history of re-enlistments for the national armies, 
the Iowa three years' men (who were relatively more numerous than those of any 
other State) were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another term of 
equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of those who 
gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should 
not be left without defenders. 

"In all the important movements of 1864-65, by which the Confederacy- 
was penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, tha 
Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of everj great 
river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they 
rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their 
wonted reputation for valor in the field and endurance on the march. 

" Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed during their whole 
term of service in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866- 
against the hostile Indians of the western plains. A portion of these men were 
among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State 
also supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in most 
of the liaval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic 
and Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the West. 

" The people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the sanitary field, 
and by their liberal gifts and personal efforts for the benefit of the soldiery, 
placed their State in the front rank of those who became distinguished for their 
exhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the Avar. 
Agents appointed by the Governor were stationed at points convenient for ren- 
dering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others were 
employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field, 
and doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and 
comfort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there. 

" Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of 
establishing a Home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be 
left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the 
following year a Home w^as opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a 
building leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost 
capacity. The institution received liberal donations from tlie general public, 
and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865, it became necessary to pro- 
vide increased accommodations for the large number of children who were 
seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by establishing a branch 
at Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, and by securing, during the same 
year, for the use of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman near the City of 
Davenport. This property was soon afterward donated to the institution, by 
act of Congress. 



232 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

" In 18G6, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldiers' 
Orphans' Home (which then contained about four hundred and fifty inmates) 
became a State institution, and thereafter the sums necessary for its support were 
appropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at 
Glenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracts were secured, and valuable improve- 
ments made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and em- 
ployments provided for such of the children as were of suitable age. In all 
ways the provision made for these wards of the State hasljcen such as to chal- 
lenge the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of children who 
have been inmates of the Home from its foundation to the present time is 
considerably more than two thousand. 

" At the beginning of the war, the population of Iowa included about one 
hundred and fifty thousand men presumably liable to render military service. 
The State raised, for general service, thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine 
rec^iments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years' 
men ; one regiment of infiintry, composed of three months' men ; and four regi- 
ments and one battalion of infantry, composed of one hundred days' men. The 
original enlistments in these various organizations, including seventeen hundred 
and twenty-seven men raised by draft, numbered a little more than sixty-nine 
thousand. The re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans, 
numbered very nearly eight thousand. The enlistments in the regular army 
and navy, and organizations of other States, Avill, if added, raise the total to 
upward of eighty thousand. The number of men who, under special enlistments, 
and as militia, took part at different times in the operations on the exposed 
borders of the State, was probably as many as five thousand. 

" Iowa paid no bounty on account of the men she placed in the field. In 
some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small 
amount was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion — that of the call 
of July 18, 1864 — was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of 
her proper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, 
to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there 
existed for raising men. The Government insisted on temporarily setting aside, 
in part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where 
8ubdistricts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of 
men. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the General 
Government for men, on a settlement of her quota accounts." 

It is to be said to the honor and credit of Iowa that while many of the loyal 
States, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy Stale debts 
for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the General Government, Iowa, 
while she was foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations 
to her sister States and the Union, found herself at the close of the war without 
any material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war com- 
menced. Upon final settlement after the restoration of peace, her claims upon 
the Federal Government wei'e found to be fully equal to the amount of hei- bonds 
issued and sold during the Avar to provide the means for raising and equipping 
her troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her 
treasury in consequence of the war. 



HISTOHY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 233 

INFANTRY. 

THE FIRST INFANTRY 

was organized under the President's first proclamation for volunteers for three 
months, with John Francis Bates, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; William H. Mer- 
ritt, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieutenant Colonel, and A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleas- 
ant, as Major. Companies A and C were from Muscatine County; Company 
B, from Johnson County ; Companies D and E, from Des Moines County ; 
Company F, from Henry County; Company G, from Davenport; Companies 
H and I, from Dubuque, and Company K, from Linn County, and were mus- 
tered into United States service May 14, 1861, at Keokuk. The above com- 
panies were independent military organizations before the war, and tendered 
their services before breaking-out of hostilities. The First was engaged at the 
battle of Wilson's Creek, under Gen. Lyon, where it lost ten killed and fifty 
wounded. Was mustered out at St. Louis Aug. 25, 1861. 

THE SECOND INFANTRY 

was organized, with Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Jas. M. Tuttle, 
of Keosauqua, as Lieutenant Colonel, and M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, as 
Major, and was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk in May, 
1861. Company A was from Keokuk; Company B, from Scott County; Com- 
pany C, from Scott County ; Company D, from Des Moines ; Company E, from 
Fairfield, Jefferson Co. ; Company F, from Van Buren County ; Company G, 
from Davis County; Company H, from Washington County ; Company I, from 
Clinton County ; and Company K, from Wapello County. It participated in the 
following engagements : Fort Donelson, Shiloh, advance on Corinth, Corinth, 
Little Bear Creek, Ala.; Tunnel Creek, Ala.; Resaca, Ga.; Rome Cross Roads, 
Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, in front of Atlanta, January 22, 
1864 ; siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Eden Station, Little Ogeechee, Savannah, 
Columbia, S. C. ; Lynch's Creek, and Bentonsville. Was on Sherman's march 
to the sea, and through the Carolinas home. The Second Regiment of Iowa 
Infantry Veteran Volunteers was formed by the consolidation of the battalions 
of the Second and Third Veteran Infantry, and was mustered out at Louisville, 
Ky., July 12, 1865. 

THE THIRD INFANTRY 

was organized with N. G. Williams, of Dubuque County, as Colonel ; John 
Scott, of Story County, Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. N. Stone, of Marion County, 
Major, and was mustered into the United States service in May, 1861, at 
Keokuk. Company A was from Dubuque County ; Company B, from Marion 
County ; Company C, from Clayton County ; Company D, from Winneshiek 
County ; Company E, from Boone, Story, Marshall and Jasper Counties ; Com- 
pany F, from Fayette County ; Company G, from AVarren County ; Company H, 
from Mahaska County ; Company I, from Floyd, Butler Black Hawk and 
Mitchell Counties, and Company K from Cedar Falls. It Avas engaged atBIu« 
Mills, Mo. ; Shiloh, Tenn. ; Ilatchie River, Matamoras, Vicksburg, Johnson, 
Miss., Meridian expedition, and Atlanta, Atlanta campaign and Sherman's 
march to Savannah, and through the Carolinas to Richmond and Washington. 
The veterans of the Third Iowa Infantry were consolidated with the Second, 
and mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1864. 



234 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

THE FOURTH INFANTRY 

was organized with G. M. Dodge, of Council Bluffs, as Colonel ; John 
Oalligan, of Davenport, as Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. R, English, Glenwood, 
as Major. Company A, from Mills County, Avas mustered in at Jefferson Bar- 
racks, Missouri, August 15, 1861 ; Company B, Pottawattamie County, was 
■mustered in at Council Bluffs, August 8, 186] ; Company C, Guthrie County, 
mustered in at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., May 3, 1861 ; Company D, Decatur 
County, at St. Louis, August 16th ; Company E, Polk County, at Council 
Bluffs, August 8th ; Company F, Madison County, Jefferson Barracks, August 
15th ; Company G, Ringgold County, at Jefferson Barracks, August loth ; 
Company H, Adams County, Jefferson Barracks, August loth; Company I, 
Wayne County, at St. Louis, August 31st; Company K, Taylor and Page 
Counties, at St. Louis, August 31st. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Chickasaw 
Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Lookout Mountain, Missionary 
Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, Taylor's Ridge; came home on veteran furlough 
February 26, 1864. Returned in April, and was in the campaign against 
Atlanta, and Sherman's march to the sea, and thence through the Carolinas 
to Washington and home. AVas mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 
24, 1865. 

THE FIFTH INFANTRY 

"was organized with Wm. H. Worthington, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; C Z. Mat- 
thias, of Burlington, as Lieutenant Colonel; W. S. Robertson, of Columbus City, 
as Major, and was mustered into the United States service, at Burlington, July 
15, 1861. Company A was from Cedar County; Company B, from Jasper 
County ; Company C, from Louisa County; Company D, from Marshall County ; 
Company E, from Buchanan County ; Company F, from Keokuk County ; Com- 
pany G, from Benton County ; Company H, from Van Buren County ; Company 
I, from Jackson County ; Company K, from Allamakee County ; was engaged at 
New Madrid, siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Ciiampion Hills, siege of Vicks- 
burg, Chickamauga : went home on veteran furlough, April, 1864. The non- 
veterans Avent home July, 1864, leaving 180 veterans who were transferred to 
the Fifth Iowa Cavalry. The Fifth Cavalry Avas mustered out at Nashville, 
Tennessee, Aug. 11, 1865. 

THE SIXTH INFANTRY. 

was mustered into the service July 6, 1861, at Burlington, with John A. 
McDowell, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Markoe Cummins, of Muscatine, Lieuten- 
ant Colonel ; John M. Corse, of Burlington, Major. Company A Avas from 
Linn County ; Company B, from Lucas and Clarke Counties; Company C, 
from Hardin County ; Company D, from Appanoose County ; Company E, 
from Monroe County ; Company F, from Clarke County ; Company G, from 
Johnson County ; Company H, from Lee County ; Company I, from Des 
Moines County ; Company K, from Henry County. It Avas engaged at Shiloh, 
Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Jackson, Black 
River Bridge, Jones' Ford, etc., etc. The Sixth lost 7 officers killed in action, 18 
Avounded ; of enlisted men 102 were killed in action, 30 died of Avounds, 124 of 
disease, 211 Avere discharged for disability and 301 were Avounded in action, 
which was the largest list of casualties, of both officers and men, of any reg- 
iment from loAva. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 21, 1865. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 235 

THE SEVENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Burlington, July 24, 1861, 
with J. G. Lauman, of Burlington, as Colonel ; Augustus Wentz, of Daven- 
port, as Lieutenant Colonel, and E. W. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Muscatine County ; Company B, from Chickasaw and Floyd 
Counties ; Company C, from Mahaska County ; Companies I) and E, from Lee 
County ; Company F, from Wapello County ; Company G, from Iowa County ; 
Company H, from Washington County ; Company I, from Wapello County ; 
Company K, from Keokuk. Was engaged at the battles of Belmont (in which 
it lost in killed, wounded and missing 237 men), Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, 
Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, ISTew Hope 
Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, siege of Atlanta, 
battle on 22d of July in front of Atlanta, Sherman's campaign to the ocean, 
through the Carolinas to Richmond, and thence to Louisville. Was mustered 
out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 12, 1865. 

THE EIGHTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the L'nited States service Sept. 12, 1861, at Davenport, 
Iowa, Avith Frederick Steele, of the regular army, as Colonel ; James L. Geddes, 
of A^inton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. C. Ferguson, of Knoxville, as Major. 
Company A was from Clinton County ; Company B, from Scott County ; 
Company C, from Washington County ; Company D, from Benton and Linn 
Counties ; Company E, from Marion County ; Company F, from Keokuk 
County ; Company G, from Iowa and Johnson Counties ; Company H. from 
Mahaska County ; Company I, from Monroe County ; Company K, from Lou- 
isa County. Was engaged at the following battles : Shiloh (where most of the 
regiment were taken prisoners of war), Corinth, Vicksburg, Jackson and Span- 
ish Fort. Was mustered out of the United States service at Selma, Alabama, 
April 20, 1866. 

THE NINTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the L^nited States service September 24, 1861, at Dubuque, 
with Wm. A^andever, of Dubuque, Colonel ; Frank G. Herron, of Dubuque, 
Lieutenant Colonel ;. Wm. H. Coyle, of Decorah, Major. Company A was 
from Jackson County ; Company B, from Jones County ; Company C, fr^m Bu- 
chanan County ; Company D, from Jones County ; Company E, from Clayton 
County ; Company F, from Fayette County ; Company G, from Black Hawk 
County ; Company H, from Winneshiek County ; Company I, from Howard 
County and Company K, from Linn County. Was in the following engage- 
ments : Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, 
Ringgold, Dallas, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta campaign, Sherman's march to 
the sea, and through North and South Carolina to Richmond. Was mustered 
out at Louisville, July 18, 1865. 

THE TENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the LTniteJ States service at Iowa City September 6, 1861, 
with Nicholas Perczel, of Davenport, as Colonel ; W. E. Small, of Iowa City, 
as Lieutenant Colonel ; and John C. Bennett, of Polk County, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Polk County ; Company B, from Warren County ; Company 
C, from Tama County ; Company I), from Boone County ; Company E, from 
Washington County ; Company F, from Poweshiek County ; Company G, from 



236 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Warren County ; Company H, from Greene County ; Company I, from Jasper 
County ; Company K, from Polk and Madison Counties. Participated in the 
following engagements : Siege of Corinth, luka. Corinth, Port Gibson, Ray- 
mond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Vicksburg and Mission Ridge. In Septem- 
ber, 1804, the non-veterans being mustered out, the veterans were transferred 
to the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, where will be found their future operations. 

THE ELEVENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Davenport, Iowa, in September 
and October, 1861, with A. M. Hare, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; Jno. C. Aber- 
crombie, as Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. Hall, of Davenport, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Muscatine ; Company B, from Marshall and Hardin Counties ; 
Company C, from Louisa County ; Company D, from Muscatine County ; Com- 
pany E, from Cedar County ; Company F, from Washington County ; Company 
G, from Henry County ; Company H, from Muscatine County ; Company I 
from Muscatine County ; Company K, from Linn County. Was engaged in the 
battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth, Vicksburg, Atlanta cam- 
naign, battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., 
July 15, 1865. 

THE TWELFTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service November 25, 1861, at Dubuque, 
with J. J. Wood, of Maquoketa, as Colonel ; John P. Coulter, of Cedar Rapids, 
Lieutenant Colonel ; Samuel D. Brodtbeck, of Dubuque, as Major. Company 
A was from Hardin County ; Company B, from Allamakee County ; Company C, 
from Fayette County; Company D, from Linn County ; Company E, from Black 
Hawk County ; Company F, from Delaware County ; Company G, from Winne- 
shiek County ; Company H, from Dubuque and Delaware Counties ; Company 
I, from Dubuque and Jackson Counties ; Company K, from Delaware County. 
It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, w^here most of the regiment Avas 
captured, and those not captured were organized in what Avas called the Union 
Brigade, and Avere in the battle of Corinth ; the prisoners were exchanged 
November 10, 1862, and the regiment re-organized, and then participating in 
the siege of Vicksburg, battle of Tupelo, Miss.; White River, Nashville and 
Spanish Fort. The regiment was mustered out at Memphis, January 20, 1866. 

THE THIRTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered in November 1, 1861, at Davenport, Avith INI. M. Crocker, of Des 
Moines, as Colonel ; M. M. Price, of Davenport, Lieutenant Colonel ; John 
Shane, Vinton, Major. Company A Avas from Mt. Vernon ; Company B, from 
Jasper County ; Company C, from Lucas County ; Company D, from Keokuk 
County ; Company E, from Scott County ; Company F, from Scott and Linn 
Counties ; Company G, from Benton County ; Company H, from Marshall County ; 
Company I, from Washington County ; Company K, from Washington County. 
It participated in the folloAving engagements : Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, 
KenesaAv Mountain, siege of Vicksburg, Campaign against Atlanta. Was on 
Sherman's march to the sea, and through North and South Carolina. Was 
mustered out at Louisville July 21, 1865. 

THE FOURTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered in the United States service October, 1861, at Davenport, with 
Wm. T. Shaw, of Anamosa, as Colonel ; EdAvard W. Lucas, of Iowa City, as 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 237 

Lieutenant Colonel ; Hiram Leonard, of Des Moines County, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Scott County ; Company B, from Bremer County ; Company 
D, from Henry and Van Buren Counties ; Company E, from Jasper County ; 
Company F, from Van Buren and Henry Counties ; Company G, from Tama and 
Scott Counties ; Company H, from Linn County ; Company I, from Henry 
County ; Company K, from Des Moines County. Participated in the follow- 
ing engagements : Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth (where most of the regiment 
Avere taken prisoners of war), Pleasant Hill, Meridian, Ft. De Russey, Tupelo, 
Town Creek, Tallahatchie, Pilot Knob, Old Town, Yellow Bayou, etc., etc., 
and was mustered out, except veterans and recruits, at Davenport, Iowa, No- 
vember 16, 1864. 

THE FIFTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service March 19, 1862, at Keokuk, with 
Hugh T. Beid, of Keokuk, as Colonel; Wm. Dewey, of Fremont County, as 
Lieutenint Colonel ; W. W. Belknap, of Keokuk, as Major. Company A Avas 
from Linn County; Company B, from Polk County; Company C, from Mahaska 
County ; Company D, from Wapello County ; Company E, from Van Buren 
County; Company F, from Fremont and Mills Counties; Company G, from 
Marion and Warren Counties ; Company H, from Pottawattamie and Harrison 
Counties ; Company I, from Lee, Van Buren and Clark Counties ; Company K, 
from Wapello, Van Buren and Warren Counties. Participated in the battle of 
Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth, Vicksburg, campaign against At- 
lanta, battle in front of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, and was under fire during 
the siege of Atlanta eighty-one days; was on Sherman's march to the sea, and 
through the Carolinas to Richmond, Washington and Louisville, where it was 
mustered out, August 1, 1864. 

THE SIXTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Davenport, Iowa, December 10, 

1861, with Alexander Chambers, of the regular army, as Colonel; A. H. 
Sanders, of Davenport, Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. Purcell, of Muscatine, 
Major. Company A was from Clinton County ; Company B, from Scott 
County; Company C, from Muscatine County ; Company D, from Boone County; 
Company E, from Muscatine (bounty ; Company F, from Muscatine, Clinton and 
Scott Counties ; Company G, from Dubuque County ; Company H, from Du- 
buque and Clayton Counties ; Company I, from Black Hawk and Linn Counties ; 
Company K, from Lee and Muscatine Counties. Was in the battles of Shiloh, 
siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, battles 
around Atlanta; was in Sherman's campaigns, and the Carolina campaigns. 
Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 19, 1865. 

THE SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in March and April, 

1862, with Jno. W. Rankin, of Keokuk, Colonel ; D. B. Hillis, of Keokuk, 
as Lientenant Colonel; Samuel M. Wise, of Mt. Pleasant, Major. Company 
A was from Decatur County; Company B, from Lee County; Company C, 
from Van Buren, Wapello and Lee Counties; Company D, from Des Moines, 
Van Buren and Jefferson Counties; Company E, from Wapello County; Com- 
pany F, from Appanoose County ; Company G, from Marion County ; Com- 
pany H, from Marion and Pottawattamie Counties; Company I, from Jefferson 
and" Lee Counties; Company K, from Lee and Polk Counties. They were in 



238 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the following engagements : Siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Jackson, Cham- 
pion Hills, Fort Hill, siege of A^icksburg, Mission Ridge, and at Tilton, Ga., 
Oct. 13, 1864, most of the regiment were taken prisoners of war. Was mus- 
tered out at Louisville, Ky., July 25, 1865. 

THE EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service August 5, 6 and 7, 1862, at Clin- 
ton, with John Edwards, of Chariton, Colonel ; T. Z. Cook, of Cedar Rapids, 
Lieutenant Colonel ; Hugh J. Campbell, of Muscatine, as Major, Company 
A, was from Linn and various other counties ; Company B, from Clark County; 
Company C, from Lucas County; Company D, from Keokuk and Wapello 
Counties; Company E, from Muscatine County; Company F, from Appanoose 
County ; Company G, from Marion and Warren Counties ; Company H, from 
Fayette and Benton Counties; Company I, from Washington County; Com- 
pany K, from Wapello, Muscatine and Henry Counties, and was engaged in 
the battles of Springfield, Moscow, Poison Spring, Ark., and was mustered out 
at Little Rock, Ark., July 20, 1865. 

THE NINETEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the LTnited States service August 17, 1862, at Keokuk, wnth 
Benjamin Crabb, of Washington, as Colonel; Samuel McFarland, of Mt. Pleas- 
ant, Lieutenant Colonel, and Daniel Kent, of Ohio, Major. Company A was 
from Lee and Van Buren Counties; Company B, from Jefferson County; Com- 
pany C, from Washington County ; Company D, from Jefferson County ; Com- 
pany E, from Lee County; Company F, from Louisa County; Company G, 
from Louisa County; Company H, from Van Buren County; Company I, from 
Van Buren County: Company K, from Henry County. Was engaged a Prairie 
Grove, Vicksburg, Yazoo River expedition, Sterling Farm, September 29, 1863, 
at which place they surrendered ; three officers and eight enlisted men were 
killed, sixteen enlisted men were woun'\ed, and eleven officers and two hundred 
and three enlisted men taken prisoners out of five hundred engaged; they 
were exchanged July 22d, and joined their regiment August 7th, at New Or- 
leans. Was engaged at Spanish Fort, Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 
10, 1865. 

THE T\VENTIETH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service August 25, 1862, at Clinton, with 
Wm. McE. Dye, of Marion, Linn Co., as Colonel : J, B. Leek, of Davenport, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, and Wm, G, Thompson, of Marion, Linn Co,, as Major, 
pompanies A, B, F, H and I were from Linn County ; Companies C, D, E, G 
and K, from Scott County, and was engaged in the following battles: Prairie 
Grove, and assault on Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 
8, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY 

was mustered into the service at Clinton in June and August, 1862, with 
Samuel Merrill (late Governor of Iowa) as Colonel ; Charles W. Dunlap, of 
Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel ; S. G, VanAnda, of Delhi, as Major, Com- 
pany A was from Mitchell and Black Hawk Counties ; Company B, from 
Clayton County ; Company C, from Dubuque County ; Company D, from 
Clayton County ; Company E, from Dubuque County ; Company F, from Du- 
bu(iuo County ; Company G, from Clayton County ; Company II, from Dela- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 239 

ware County ; Company I, from Dubuque County ; Company K, from Delaware 
County, and was in the following engagements : Hartsville, Mo. ; Black E-iver 
Bridge, Fort Beauregard, was at the siege of Vicksburg, Mobile, Fort Blakely, 
and was mustered out at Baton Rouge, La., July 15, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service Sept. 10, 1862, at Iowa City, with 
Wm. M. Stone, of Knoxville (since Governor of Iowa), as Colonel ; Jno. A. 
Garrett, of Newton, Lieutenant Colonel ; and Harvey Graham, of Iowa City, 
as Major. Company A was from Johnson County ; Company B, Johnson 
County ; Company C, Jasper County ; Company D, Monroe County ; Company 
E, Wapello County ; Company F, Johnson County ; Company G, Johnson 
County ; Company H, Johnson County ; Company I, Johnson County ; Com- 
pany K, Johnson County. Was engaged at Vicksburg, Thompson's Hill, Cham- 
pion Hills, Sherman's campaign to Jackson, at Winchester, in Shenandoah Val- 
ley, losing 109 men, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. Mustered out at Savannah, 
Ga., July 25, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY 

was mustered into United States service at Des Moines, Sept. 19, 1862, with 
William Dewey, of Sidney, as Colonel ; W. H. Kinsman, of Council Bluffs, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, and S. L. Glasgow, of Corydon, as Major. Companies 
A, B and C, were from Polk County; Company D, from Wayne County; Com- 
pany E, from Pottawattamie County ; Company F, from Montgomery County ; 
Company G, from Jasper County; Company H, from Madison County; Com- 
pany I, from Cass County, and Company K, from Marshall County. Was in 
Vicksburg, and engaged at Port Gibson, Black River, Champion Hills, Vicks- 
burg, Jackson, Milliken's Bend, Fort Blakely, and was mustered out at Llarris- 
burg, Texas, July 26, 1865 

THE TWENTY-FOURTH 

was mustered into United States service at Muscatine, September 18, 1862, 
with Eber C. Byam, of Mount Vernon, as Colonel; John Q. Wilds, of Mount 
Vernon, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Ed. Wright, of Springdale, as Major. 
Company A was from Jackson and Clinton Counties ; Companies B and C, 
from Cedar County; Company D, from Washington, Johnson and Cedar 
Counties; Company E, from Tama County; Companies F, G and H, from 
Linn County ; Company I, from Jackson County, and Company K, from Jones 
County. Was engaged at Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Gen. Banks' Red 
River expedition, Winchester and Cedar Creek. Was mustered out at Savan-' 
nah, Ga., July 17, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 

was organized with George A. Stone, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel ; Fabian 
Brydolf as Lieutenant Colonel, and Calom Taylor, of Bloomfield, as Major, 
and was mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant, September 27, 
1862. Companies A and I were from Washington County; Companies B and 
H, from Henry County ; Company C, from Henry and Lee Counties ; Com- 
panies D, E and G, from Des Moines County ; Company F, from Louisa 
County, and Company K, from Des Moines and Lee Counties. Was engaged 
at Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Walnut Bluft', Chattanooga, Campain, Ring- 



240 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gold, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, battles around Atlanta, Love- 
joy Station, Jonesboro, Ship's Gap, Bentonville, and on Sherman's march 
through Georgia and the Carolmas, to Richmond and Washington. Was 
mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 6, 18(35. 

THE TWENTY- SIXTH 

was organized and musterzd in at Clinton, in August, 1862, with Milo Smith, 
of Clinton, as Colonel ; S. G. Magill, of Lyons, as Lieutenant Colonel, and 
Samuel Clark, of De Witt, as Major. Company A was from Clinton and 
Jackson Counties; Company B, from Jackson County; Companies C, D, E, 
F, G, II, I and K, from Clinton County. Was engaged at Arkansas Post, 
Vicksburg, Snake Creek Gap, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, De- 
catur, siege of Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Ship's Gap, 
Sherman's campaign to Savannah, went through the Carolinas, and was mus- 
tered out of service at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-SEVENTH y 

was mustered into United States service at Dubuque, Oct. 3, 1862, with James 
I. Gilbert, of Lansing, as Colonel ; Jed Lake, of Independence, as Lieutenant 
Colonel ; and G. W. Howard, of Bradford, as Major. Companies A, B and I 
were from Allamakee County; Companies C and H, from Buchanan County; 
Companies D and E, from Clayton County ; Company F, from Delaware 
County ; Company G, from Floyd and Chickasaw Counties, and Company K, 
from Mitchell County. Engaged at Little Rock, Ark., was on Red River ex- 
pedition, Fort De Russey, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Old Town 
Creek and Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 8, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-EIGHTH 

was organized at Iowa City, and mustered in Nov. 10, 1862, with William E. 
Miller, of Iowa City, as Colonel; John Connell, of Toledo, as Lieutenant Colonel, 
and H. B. Lynch, of Millersburg, as Major. Companies A and D were 
from Benton County ; Companies B and G, from Iowa County ; Companies 
C, H and I, from Poweshiek County ; Company E, from Johnson County ; 
Company F, from Tama County, and Company K, from Jasper County. Was 
engaged at Port Gibson, Jackson and siege of Vicksburg; Avas on Banks' Red 
River expedition, and engaged at Sabine Cross Roads ; was engaged in Shen- 
andoah Valley, Va., and engaged at "Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. 
Was mustered out of service at Savannah, Ga., July 31, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-NINTH 

was organized at Council Bluffs, and mustered into the United States service 
December 1, 1862, with Thomas H. Benton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, as Colonel; 
R. F. Patterson, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel; and Charles B. Shoe- 
maker, of Clarinda, as Major. Company A was from Pottawattamie County; 
Company B, from Pottawattamie and Mills Counties ; Company C, from Harrison 
County ; Company D, from Adair and Adams Counties , Company E, from 
Fremont County ; Company F, from Taylor County ; Company G, from Ring- 
gold County. Was engaged at Helena, Arkansas and Spanish Fort. Was 
mustered out at New Oilcans August 15, 1865. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 241 



THE THIRTIETH INFANTRY 



was organized at Keokuk, and mustered into the United States service September 
23, 1862, with Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa County, as Colonel ; Wm. M. G. Tor- 
rence, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and Lauren Dewey, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
Major. Companies A and I were from Lee County ; Company B, from Davis 
County ; Companj^ C, from Des Moines County ; Company D, from Van Buren 
County ; Companies E and K from Washington County ; Company F, from 
Davis County ; and Companies G and H, from Jefferson County. Was 
engaged at Arkansas Post, Yazoo City, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Ala., Ringgold, 
Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Jonesboro, Taylor's 
Ridge ; was in Sherman's campaigns to Savannah and through the Carolinas to 
Richmond ; was in the grand review at Washington, D. C, where it was mus- 
tered out June 5, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY 

was mustered into the service at Davenport October 13, 1862, with William 
Smyth, of Marion, as Colonel ; J. W. Jenkins, of Maquoketa, as Lieutenant 
Colonel; and Ezekiel Cutler, of Anamosa, as Major. Company A was from 
Linn County; Companies B, C and D, from Black Hawk County; Companies 
E, G and H, from Jones County; Companies F, I and K, from Jackson County. 
Was engaged at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Raymond, Jackson, Black 
River, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, 
Taylor's Hills, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big 
Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro ; was in Sherman's campaign 
through Georgia and the Carolinas, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ken- 
tucky, June 27, 1865 

THE THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY 

was organized at Dubuque, with John Scott, of Nevada, as Colonel ; E. H. 
Mix, of Shell Rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. A. Eberhart, of Waterloo, 
as Major. Company A was from Hamilton, Hardin and Wright Counties ; 
Company B, from Cerro Gordo County ; Company C, from Black Hawk 
County ; Company D, from Boone County; Company E, from Butler County; 
Company F, from Hardin County; Company G, from Butler and Floyd Coun- 
ties ; Company H, from Franklin County ; Company I, from Webster County, 
and Company K, from Marshall and Polk Counties, and was mustered into 
the United States service October 5, 1862. Was engaged at Fort De Russey, 
Pleasant Hill, Tupelo, Old Town Creek, Nashville, etc., and was mustered out 
of the United States service at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 24, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY 

was organized at Oskaloosa, with Samuel A. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel ; 
Cyrus H. Maskey, of Sigourney, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Hiram D. Gibson, 
of Knoxville, as Major. Companies A and I were from Marion County; Com- 
panies B, F and H, from Keokuk County; Companies C, D, E and K, from 
Makaska County, and Company G, from Marion, Makaska and Polk Counties, 
and mustered in October 1, 1862. Was engaged at Little Rock, Helena, Sa- 
line River, Spanish Fort and Yazoo Pass. Was mustered out at New Orleans, 
July 17, 1865. 



242 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



THE THIRTY-FOURTH INFAXTRY 

was organized with George W. Clark, of Indianola, as Colonel ; W. S. Dungan, 
of Chariton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and R. D. Kellogg, of Decatur County, as 
Major, and mustered in at Burlington, October 15, 18(32. Companies A and I 
were from Decatur County ; Companies B, C and D, from Warren County ; Com- 
pany E, from Lucas County; Company F, from Wayne County; Company G, 
from Lucas and Clark Counties; Company H, from Madison and Warren 
Counties, and Company K, from Lucas County. Was engaged at Arkansas 
Post, Ft. Gaines, etc., etc. Was consolidated with the Thirty-eighth Infantry, 
January 1, 1865, and mustered out at Houston, Texas, August 15, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 

was organized at Muscatine, and mustered in the United States service Sep- 
tember 18, 1862, with S. G. Hill, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; James H. Roth- 
rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Henry O'Conner, of Muscatine, as Major. 
Companies A, B, C, D and E, were from Muscatine County; Company F, 
from Muscatine and Louisa Counties ; Companies G, H and I, from Muscatine 
and Cedar Counties, and Company K, from Cedar County. Participated in 
the battles of Jackson, siege of Vicksburg, Bayou Rapids, Bayou de Glaze, 
Pleasant Hill, Old River Lake, Tupelo, Nashville, etc. Was mustered out at 
Davenport, August 10, 1865. 



THE THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY 

was organized at Keokuk, with Charles W. Kittredge, of Ottumwa, as Colonel ; 
F. M. Drake, of f nionville, Appanoose County, as Lieutenant Colonel, and T. 

C. Woodward, of Ottumwa, as Major, and mustered in October 4, 1862 ; Com- 
pany A was from Monroe County ; Companies B, D, E, H and K, from 
Wapello County, and Companies C, F, G and I, from Appanoose County. 
Was engaged in the following battles : Mark's Mills, Ark. ; Elkins' Ford, 
Camden, Helena, Jenkins' Ferry, etc. At Mark's Mills, April 25, 1864, out 
of 500 engaged, lost 200 killed and wounded, the balance being taken prisoners 
of war ; was exchanged October 6, 1864. Was mustered out at Duvalls Bluff, 
Ark., August 24, 1865. 

THE THIRY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (OR GRAY BEARDS; 

was organized with Geo. W. Kincaid, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; Geo. R. West, 
of Dubuque, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Lyman Allen, of Iowa City, as Major, 
and was mustered into U^nited States service at Muscatine December 15, 1862. 
Company A was from Black Hawk and Linn Counties ; Company B, from 
Muscatine County ; Company C, from Van Buren and Lee Counties ; Company 

D, from Johnson and Iowa Counties ; Company E, from Wapello and Mahaska 
Counties ; Company F, from Dubuque County ; Company G, from Appanoose, 
Des Moines, Henry and Washington Counties ; Company H, from Henry and 
Jefferson Counties ; Company I, from Jasper, Linn and other counties, and 
Company K, from Scott and Fayette Counties. The object of the Thirty- 
seventh was to do garrison duty and let the young men go to the front. It was 
mustered out at Davenport on expiration of three years' service. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 243 



THE THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY 

was organized at Dubuque, and mustered in November 4, 1862, with D. H. 
Hughes, of Decorah, as Colonel ; J. 0. Hudnutt, of Waverly, as Lieutenan, 
Colonel, and Charles Chadwick, of West Union, as Major. Companies A, Ft 
G and H were from Fayette County ; Company B, from Bremer County ; Com- 
pany C, from Chickasaw County ; Companies D, E and K, from Winneshiek 
County, and Company I, from Howard County. Participated in the siege of 
Vicksburg, Banks' Red River expedition, and on December 12, 1864, was 
consolidated with the Thirty-fourth Infantry. Mustered out at Houston, Texas, 
August 15, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY 

was organized with H. J. B. Cummings, of Winterset, as Colonel; James Red- 
field, of Redfield, Dallas County, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and J. M. Griffiths, 
of Des Moines, as Major. Companies A and F were from Madison County ; 
Companies B and I, from Polk County ; Companies C and H, from Dallas 
County ; Company D, from Clark County; Company E, from Greene County ; 
Company G, from Des Moines and Henry Counties ; and Company K, from 
Clark and Decatur Counties. Was engaged at Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn.; 
Corinth, Allatoona, Ga.; Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Sherman's march 
to Savannah and through the Carolinas to Richmond, and was mustered out at 
Washington June 5, 1865. 

THE FORTIETH INFANTRY 

was organized at Iowa City November 15, 1862, with John A. Garrett, of 
Newton, as Colonel; S. F. Cooper, of Grinnell, as Lieutenant Colonel; and 
S. G. Smith, of Newton, as Major. Companies A and H were from Marion 
County ; Company B, from Poweshiek County ; Company C, from Mahaska 
County; Companies D and E, from Jasper County; Company F, from Ma- 
haska and Marion Counties ; Company G, from Marion County ; Company I, 
from Keokuk County ; and Company K, fi*om Benton and other counties. Par- 
ticipated in the siege of Vicksburg, Steele's expedition, Banks' Red River 
expedition, Jenkins' Ferry, etc. Was mustei-ed out at Port Gibson August 2, 
1866. 

THE FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY, 

formerly Companies A, B and C of the Fourteenth Infantry, became Compa- 
nies K, L and M of the Seventh Cavalry, under authority of the War Depart- 
ment. Its infantry organization was under command of John Pattee, of Iowa 
City. Company A was from Black Hawk, Johnson and other counties ; Com- 
pany B, from Johnson County ; and Company C, from Des Moines and various 
counties. 

THE FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was organized at Davenport, and mustered in June 1, 1864. Company A was 
from Dubuque County; Company B, Muscatine County; Company C, Jones, 
Linn and Dubuque Counties ; Company D, Johnson and Linn Counties ; Com- 
pany E, Bremer and Butler Counties ; Company F, Clinton and Jackson 
Counties ; Company G, Marshall and Hardin Counties ; Company H, Boone 
and Polk Counties; Companies I and K, Scott County. The Forty-fourth 
did garrison duty at Memphis and La Grange, Tenn. Mustered out at Daven- 
port, September 15, 1864. 



244 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

THE FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was mustered in at Keokuk, May 25, 1864, with A. H. Bereman, of Mount 
Pleasant, as Colonel ; S. A, Moore, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and 
J. B. Hope, of Washington, as Major. The companies were from the following 
counties: A, Henry; B, Washington ; C, Lee; D, Davis ; E, Henry and 
Lee ; F, Des Moines ; G, Des Moines and Henry ; H, Henry ; I, Jefferson, 
and K, Van Buren. Was mustered out at Keokuk, September 16, 1864. 

THE FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was organized with D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, as Colonel ; L. D. Durbin, 
of Tipton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. L. Tarbet, as Major, and was mus- 
tered in at Dubuque, June 10, 1864. Company A was from Dubuque ; Com- 
pany B, from Poweshiek ; C, fi'om Dallas and Guthrie ; D, from Taylor and 
Fayette; E, from Ringgold and Linn ; F, from Winneshiek and Delaware ; G, 
from Appanoose and Delaware; H, from Wayne; I, from Cedar, and K, from 
Lucas. Was mustered out at Davenport, September 23, 1864. 

THE FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was mustered into United States service at Davenport, June 4, 1864, with 
James P. Sanford, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel; John Williams, of Iowa City, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, and G. J. AV right, of Des Moines, as Major. Company 
A was from Marion and Clayton Counties; Company ,B, from Appanoose 
County ; Company C, from Wapello and Benton Counties ; Company B, from 
Buchanan and Linn Counties; Company E, from Madison County; Company 
F, from Polk County; Company G, from Johnson County; Company H, from 
Keokuk County; Company I, from Mahaska County, and Company K, from 
Wapello. 

THE FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY — BATTALION — (100 DAYS) 

was organized at Davenport, and mustered in July 13, 1864, with 0. 11. P. 
Scott, of Farmington, as Lieutenant Colonel. Company A was from Warren 
County; Company B, from Jasper County; Company C, from Decatur County, 
and Company D, from Des Moines and Lee Counties, and Avas mustered out at 
Rock Island Barracks Oct. 21, 1864. 

CAVALRY. 

THE FIRST CAVALRY 

was organized at Burlington, and mustered into the United States service May 
3, 1861, with Fitz Henry Warren, of Burlington, as Colonel ; Chas. E. Tvloss, 
of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and E. W. Chamberlain, of Burlington, 
James 0. Gower, of Iowa City, and W. M. G. Torrence, of Keokuk, as Majors. 
Company A Avas from Lee, Van Buren and Wapello Counties ; Company B, 
from Clinton County ; Company C, from Des Moines and Lee Counties ; Com- 
pany D, from Madison and Warren Counties; Company E, from Henry 
County ; Company F, from Johnson and Linn Counties ; Company G, from 
Dubuque and Black Hawk Counties ; Company H, from Lucas and Morrison 
Counties ; Company I, from Wapello and Des Moines Counties ; Company K, 
from Allamakee and Clayton Counties ; Company L, from Dubuque and other 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 245 

counties; Company M, from Clinton County. It Avas engaged at Pleasant 
Hill, Mo.; Rolla, New Lexington, Elkins' Ford, Little Rock, Bayou Metoe, 
Warrensburg, Big Creek Bluffs, Antwineville, Clear Creek, etc. Was mustered 
out at Austin, Texas, February 15, 1866. 

THE SECOND CAVALRY 

■was organized with W. L. Elliott, of the regular army, as Colonel ; Edward 
Hatch, of Muscatine, as Lieutenant Colonel; and N. P. Hepburn, of Marshall- 
town, D. E. Coon, of Mason City, and H. W. Love, of Iowa City, as Majors, 
and was mustered into the United States service at Davenport September 1, 
1861. Company A was from Muscatine County ; Company B, from Marshall 
County ; Company C, from Scott County ; Company D, from Polk County ; 
Company E, from Scott County ; Company F, from Hamilton and Franklin 
Counties; Company G, from Muscatine County; Company H, from Johnson 
County ; Company I, from Cerro Gordo, Delaware and other counties ; Com- 
pany K, from Des Moines County ; Company L, from Jackson County, and 
Company M, from Jackson County. The Second Cavalry participated in the 
following military movements : Siege of Corinth, battles of Farmington, Boone- 
ville, Rienzi, luka, Corinth, Coffeeville, Palo Alto, Birmingham, Jackson, 
Grenada, Collierville, Moscow, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town, Oxford, and en- 
gagements against Hood's march on Nashville, battle of Nashville, etc. Was 
mustered out at Selma, Ala., September 19, 1865. 

THE THIRD CAVALRY 

was organized and mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in Au- 
gust and September, 1861, with Cyrus Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Colonel; H. 
H. Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and C. H. Perry, H. C. Cald- 
well and W. C. Drake, of Corydon, as Majors. Companies A and E were from 
Davis County; Company B, from Van Buren and Lee Counties; Company C, 
from Lee and Keokuk Counties; Company D, from Davis and Van Buren 
Counties ; Company F, from Jefferson County ; Company G, from Van Buren 
County; Company H, from Van Buren and Jefferson Counties; Company I, 
from Appanoose County ; Company K, from Wapello and Marion Counties ; 
Company L, from Decatur County, and Company M, from Appanoose and De- 
catur Counties. It was engaged in the following battles and skirmishes: 
Pea Ridge, La Grange, Sycamore, near Little Rock, Columbus, Pope's Farm, 
Big Blue, Ripley, Coldwater, Osage, Tallahatchie, Moore's Mill, near Monte- 
vallo, near Independence, Pine Bluff, Botts' Farm, Gun Town, White's Station, 
Tupelo, Village Creek. Was mustered out of United States service at Atlanta, 
Ga., August 9, 1865. 

THE FOURTH CAVALRY 

was organized with Asbury B. Porter, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel ; Thomas 
Drummond, of Vinton, as Lieutenant Colonel ; S. D. Swan, of Mount Pleas- 
ant, J. E. Jewett, of Des Moines, and G. A. Stone, of Mo.snt Pleasant, as 
Majors, and mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant November 
21, 1861. Company A was from Delaware County; Company C, from Jef- 
ferson and Henry Counties ; Company D, from Henry County ; Company E, 



246 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

from Jasper and Poweshiek Counties ; Company F, from Wapello County ; 
Company G, from Lee and Henry Counties ; Company H, from Chickasaw 
County ; Company I, from Madison County ; Company K, from Henry 
County; Company L, from Des Moines and other counties; and Company M, 
from Jefferson County. The Fourth Cavalry lost men in the following engage- 
ments : Guntown, Miss.; Helena, Ark.; near Bear Creek, Miss.; near Mem- 
phis, Tenn.; Town Creek, Miss.; Columbus, Ga.; Mechanicsburg, Miss.; Little 
Blue River, Ark.; Brownsville, Miss.; Ripley, Miss.; Black River Bridge, 
Miss.; Grenada, Miss.; Little Red River, Ark.; Tupelo, Miss.; Yazoo River, 
Miss.; White River, Ark.; Osage, Kan.; Lick Creek, Ark.; Okalona, Miss.; 
St. Francis River, Ark. Was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., August 10, 1865. 

THE FIFTH CAVALRY 

was organized at Omaha with Wm. W. Lowe, of the regular army, as Colo- 
nel ; M. T. Patrick, of Omaha, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and C. S. Bernstein, 
of Dubuque, as Major, and mustered in September '21, 1861. Companies A, 
B, C and D were mostly from Nebraska ; Company E, from Dubuque County ; 
Company F, from Des Moines, Dubuque and Lee Counties; Company G, from 
Minnesota; Company H, from Jackson and other counties; Companies I and 
K were from Minnesota ; Company L, from Minnesota and Missouri ; Com- 
pany M, from Missouri ; Companies G, I and K were transferred to Minnesota 
Volunteers Feb. 25, 1864. The new Company G was organized from veterans 
and recruits and Companies C, E, F and I of Fifth Iowa Lifantry, and trans- 
ferred to Fifth Cavalry August 8, 1864. The second Company 1 was organ- 
ized from veterans and recruits and Companies A, B, D, G, H and K of the 
Fifth Iowa Infmtry, and transferred to Fifth Iowa Cavalry August 18, 1864. 
Was engaged at second battle of Fort Donelson, Wartrace, Duck River Bridge, 
Sugar Creek, Xewnan, Camp Creek, Cumberland Works, Tenn.; Jonesboro, 
Ebenezer Church, Lockbridge's Mills, Pulaski, Cheraw, and mustered out at 
Nashville, Tenn., August H, 1865. 

THE SIXTH CAVALRY. 

was organized with D. S. Wilson, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; S. M. Pollock, of 
Dubuque, as Lieutenant Colonel ; T. H. Shephard, of Iowa City, E. P. Ten- 
Broeck, of Clinton, and A. E. House, of Delhi, as Majors, and was mustered 
in at Davenport, January 31, 1863. Company A was from Scott and other 
counties; Company B, from Dubuque and other counties; Company C, from 
Fayette County; Company D, from Winneshiek County; Company E, from 
Southwest counties of the State ; Company F, from Allamakee and other 
counties ; Company G, from Delaware and Buchanan Counties ; Company H, 
from Linn County ; Company I, from Johnson and other counties ; Company 
K, from Linn County; Company L, from Clayton County; Company M, from 
Johnson and Dubuque Counties. The Sixth Cavalry operated on the frontier 
against the Indians. Was mustered out at Sioux City, October 17, 1865. 

THE SEVENTH CAVALRY 

was organized at Davenport, and mustered into the L^nited States service Api'il 
27, 1863, with S. W. Summers, of Ottumwa, as Colonel ; John Pattee, of Iowa 
City, as Lieutenant Colonel ; H. H. Heath and G. M. O'Brien, of Dubuque, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 24T 

and John S. Wood, of Ottumwa, as Majors. Companies A, B, C and D, were 
from Wapello and other counties in immediate vicinity ; Companies E, F, G 
and H, were from all parts of the State ; Company I, from Sioux City and 
known as Sioux City Cavalry; Company K was originally Company A of the 
Fourteenth Infantry and afterward Company A of the Forty-first Infantry, was 
from Johnson and other jounties ; Company L was originally Company B, of 

the Forty-first Infantry and afterward Company B, of the Forty , and 

Avas from Johnson County; Company M was originally Company C, of the 
Fourteenth Infantry, and afterward Company C, of the Forty-first and from Des 
Moines and other counties. The Seventh Cavalry operated against the Indi- 
ans. Excepting the Lieutenant Colonel and Companies K, L and M, the regi- 
ment was mustered out at Leavenworth, Kansas, May 17, 1866. Companies 
K, L, and M were mustered out at Sioux City, June 22, 1866. 



THE EIGHTH CAVALRY 

was organized with J. B. Dorr, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; H. G. Earner, of 
Sidney, as Lieutenant Colonel ; John J. Bowen, of Hopkinton, J. D. Thompson, 
of Eldora, and A. J. Price, of Guttenburg, as Majors, and were mustered in at 
Davenport September 80, 1863. The companies were mostly from the follow- 
ing counties : Company A, Page ; B, Wapello ; Q, Van Buren ; D, Ring- 
gold ; E, Henry; F, Appanoose; G, Clayton ; H, Appanoose; I, Marshall; 
K, Muscatine; L, Wapello; M, Polk. The Eighth did a large amount of duty 
guarding Sherman's communications, in which it had many small engagements. 
It was in the battles of Lost Mountain, Lovejoy's Station, Newnan, Nashville, 
etc. Was on Stoneman's cavalry raid around Atlanta, and Wilson's raid 
through Alabama. Was mustered out at Macon, Ga., August 13, 1865. 



THE NINTH CAVALRY 

was mustered in at Davenport, November 30, 1863, with M. M. Trumbull, of 
Cedar Falls, as Colonel ; J. P. Knight, of Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel ; E. 
T. Ensign, of Des Moines, Willis Drummond, of McGregor, and William Had- 
dock, of Waterloo, as Majors. Company A was from Muscatine County ; 
Company B, Linn County ; Company C, Wapello and Decatur Counties ; Com- 
pany D, Washington County ; Company E, Fayette County ; Company F, 
Clayton County ; Companies G and H, various counties ; Company I, Wapello 
and Jefferson Counties ; Company K, Keokuk County ; Company L, Jasper 
and Marion Counties ; Company M, Wapello and Lee Counties. Was mustered 
out at Little Rock, Ark., February 28, 1866. 



ARTILLERY. 

THE FIRST BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in the counties of Wapello, Des Moines, Dubuque, Jefferson, 
Black Hawk, etc., and was mustered in at Burlington, Aug. 17, 1861, with C. H. 
Fletcher, of Burlington, as Captain. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Port Gibson, 
in Atlanta campaign, Chickasaw Bayou, Lookout Mountain, etc. Was mus- 
tered out at Davenport July 5, 1865. 



248 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



THE SECOND BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in the counties of Dallas, Polk, Harrison, Fremont and Pottawat- 
tamie, and mustered into United States service at Council Bluffs and St. Louis, 
Mo , Aug. 8 and 31, 1861, with Nelson T. Spear, of Council Bluffs, as 
Captain. Was engaged at Farmington, Corinth, etc. Was mustered out at 
Davenport, Aug. 7, 1865. 

THE THIRD BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in the counties of Dubuque, Black Hawk, Butler and Floyd, and 
mustered into United States service at Dubuque, September, 1861, with M. 
M. Hayden, of Dubuque, as Captain. Was at battle of Pea Ridge, etc., etc. 
Was mustered out at Davenport, Oct. 23, 1865. 

THE FOURTH BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in Mahaska, Henry, Mills and Fremont Counties, and was mus- 
tered in at Davenport, Nov. 23, 1863, with P. H. Goode, of Glenwood, Cap- 
tain. Was mustered out at Davenport, July 14, 1865. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

THE FOURTH BATTALION 

Company A, from Fremont County, W. Hoyt, Captain ; Company B, from 
Taylor County, John Flick, Captain ; Company C, from Page County, J. 
Whitcomb, Captain. 

THE NORTHERN BORDER BRIGADE 

was organized by the State of Iowa to protect the Northwestern frontier, 
James A. Sawyer, of Sioux City, was elected Colonel. It had Companies A, 
B, C, D and E, all enlisted from the Northwestern counties. 

THE SOUTHERN BORDER BRIGADE 

was organized by the State for the purpose of protecting the Southern border 
of the State, and was organized in counties on the border of Missouri. Com- 
pany A, First Battalion, was from Lee County, Wm. Sole, Captain; Company B, 
First Battalion, Joseph Dickey, Captain, from Van Buren County; Company 
A, Second Battalion, from Davis County, Capt. H. B. Horn ; Company B, Sec- 
ond Battalion, from Appanoose County, E. B. Skinner, Captain; Company A, 
Third Battalion, from Decatur County, J. H. Simmons, Captain; Company B, 
Third Battalion, from Wayne County, E. F. Estel, Captain; Company C, 
Third Battalion, from Ringgold County, N. Miller, Captain. 

THE FIRST INFANTRY — AFRICAN DESCENT — (SIXTIETH U. S.) 

was organized with John G. Hudson, Captain Company B, Thirty-third Mis- 
souri, as Colonel; M. F. Collins, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. L. 
Murphy, of Keokuk, as Major. Had ten companies, and were mustered in at 
various places in the Fall of 1863. The men were from all parts of the State 
and some from Missouri. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 249 

During the war, the following promotions were made by the United States 
Government from Iowa regiments:"" 

MAJOR GENERALS 

Samuel E. Curtis, Brigadier General, from March 21, 1863. 
Frederick Steele, Brigadier (ieneral, from November 29, 1862. 
Frank J. Herron, Brigadier General, from November 29, 1862. 
Grenville M. Dodge, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1864. 

BRIGADIER GENERALS. 

Samuel R. Curtis, Colonel 2d Infantry, from May 17, 1861. 

Frederick Steele, Colonel 8th Infantry, from February 6, 1862. 

Jacob G. Lauman, Colonel 7th Infantry, from March 21, 1862. 

Grenville M. Dodge, Colonel 4th Infantry, from March 31, 1862. 

James M. Tuttle, Colonel 2d Infantry, from June 9, 1862. 

Washington L. Elliott, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from June 11, 1862. 

Fitz Henry Warren, Colonel 1st Cavalry , from July 6, 1862. 

Frank J. Herron, Lieutenant Colonel 9th Infantry, from July 30, 1862. 

Charles L. Matthies, Colonel 5th Infantry, from iN'ovember 29, 1862. 

William Yandever, Colonel 9th Infantry, from November 29, 1862. 

Marcellus M. Crocker, Colonel 13th Infantry, from Kov. 29, 1862. (Since died.) 

Hugh T. Eeid, Colonel 15th Infantry from March 13, 1863. 

Samuel A. Kice, Colonel 33d Infantry, from August 4, 1863. 

John M. Corse, Colonel 6th Infantry, from August 11, 1863. 

Cyrus Bussey, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from January 5, 1864. 

Edward Hatch, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from April 27, 1864. 

Elliott W. Rice, Colonel 7th Infantry, from June 20, 1864. 

Wm. W. Belknap, Colonel 15th Infantry, from July 30, 1864. 

John Edwards, Colonel 18tli Infantry, from September 26, 1864. 

James A. Williamson, Colonel 4th Infantry, from January 13, 1864. 

James I. Gilbert, Colonel 27th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. 

BREVET MAJOR GENERALS. 

•Tohn M. Corse, Brigadier General from October 5, 1864. 
Edward Hatch, Brigadier General, from December 15, 1864. 
Wm. W. Belknap, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865. 
W. L. Elliott, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865. 
Wm. Vandever, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1865. 

BREVET BRIGADIER GENERALS. 

Wm. T. Clark, A. A. G., late of 13th Infantry, from July 22, 1864. 

Edward F. Winslow, Colonel 4th Cavalry, from December 12, 1864. 

S. G. Hill, Colonel 35th Infantry, from December 15, 1864. (Since died.) 

Thos. H. Benton, Colonel 29th Infantry, from December 15, 18G4. 

Samuel L. Glasgow, Colonel 23d Infantry, from December 19, 1864. 

Clark R. Wever, Colonel 17th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. ^ 

Francis M. Drake, Lieutenant Colonel 36th Infantry, from February 22, 1865. 

George A. Stone, Colonel 25th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 

Datus E. Coon, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from March 8, 1865. 

George ^V. Clark, Colonel 34th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 

Herman H. Heath, Colonel 7th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. 

J. M. Hedrick, Colonel 15th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 

W. W. Lowe, Colonel 5th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. 

*Thomas J. McKean was appointed Paymaster in U. S. A. from Iowa, and subsequently promoted Brigadier General, 
to date from Nov. 21, lo61. 



250 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



253 





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254 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



NUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA 

DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 

TO JANUARY 1, 1865. 



No. Regiment. 



1st Iowa 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7lh 

8th 

9th 
10th 
11th 
12th 
13th 
14th 
15th 
16th 
17th 
18th 
19th 
20th 
21st 
22d 
23d 
24th 
25th 
26th 
27th 
28th 
29th 
30th 
31st 
32d 
33d 
34th 
35th 
36th 
37th 
38th 



Infantry . 



No. of 
men 



959 

1,247 

1,074 

1,184 

1,037 

1,013 

1,138 

1,027 

1,090 

1,027 

1,022 

981 

989 

840 

1,196 

919 

956 

875 

985 

925 

980 

1,008 

961 

979 

995 

919 

940 

956 

1,005 

978 

977 

925 

985 

953 

984 

986 

914 

910 



No. Regiment. 



39th Iowa Infantry 

40th " " 

41st Battalion Iowa Infantry 

44th Infantry (100-days men) 

45th '■ " " 

46th " " " 

47th " " " 

48th Battalion '■■ " 

1st Iowa Cavalry 

2d " " 

3d " " 

4th " " 

5th " " 

6th " " 

7th " " 

8th " " 

9th " " 

Sioux City Cavalry* 

Co. A, 11th Penn. Cavalry 

1st Battery Artillery 

2d •' " 

3d '« " 

4th " " 

1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. Sf .. 

Dodge's Brigade Band 

Band of 2d Iowa Infantry 

Enlistments as fir as reported to Jan. 1, 

1864, for the older Iowa regiments 

Enlistments of Iowa men in regiments 
of other States, over 



Total , 

Re-enlisted Veterans for different Regi- 
ments 

Additional enlistments 



Grand total as far as reported up to Jan. 
1, 1865 



No. of 
men. 



933 

900 

294 

867 

912 

892 

884 

346 

1,478 

1,394 

1,360 

1,227 

1,245 

1,125 

562 

1,234 

1,178 

93 

87 

149 

123 

142 

152 

903 

14 

10 

2,765 

2,500 



61,653 

7,202 
6,664 



75,519 



This does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor 
the names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other Slates. 
* Afterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry, 
f Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State. 



J 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



or^r-^ 



POPULATION OF IOWA, 
By Counties. 



COUNTIES. 


AGGREGATE. 




1875. 


1870, 


1860. 


1850. 


1840. 


Voters. 


Adair 


7045 

7832 
19158 
17405 

2370 
28807 
22913 
17251 
13220 
17315 

3561 


3982 

4614 
17868 
16450 

1212 
22454 
21706 
14584 
12528 
17034 

1585 


984 
1533 






1616 

1727 
3653 


Adams 






Allamakee 


12237 

11931 

454 

8496 

8244 

4232 

4915 

7906 

67 


777 




Appanoose 


3131 




3679 


Audubon 




527 


Benton 


672 
135 
735 




4778 
4877 
3515 
2656 


Black Hawk 




Boone 




Bremer 


Buchanan 


517 




3890 


Buena Vista 




817 


Buncombe* 






Butler 


11734 

3185 

5760 

10552 

17879 

6685 

424^) 

11400 

10118 

3559 

27184 

34295 

6039 

14386 

15757 

13249 

16893 

35415 

1748 

43845 

1436 

20515 

13100 

6558 

13719 

7028 

8134 

9638 

7701 

1482 

15029 

11818 

21594 

7875 

3455 

794 

17456 

23061 

24128 

17127 

24654 

19168 


9951 

1602 

2451 

5464 

19731 

4722 

1967 

10180 

8735 

1523 

27771 

35357 

2530 

12019 

15565 

12018 

17432 

27256 

1389 

38969 

1392 

16978 

10768 

4738 

11173 

4627 

6399 

7061 

6055 

999 

13684 

8931 

21463 

6282 

2596 

226 

16644 

22619 

22116 

17839 

24898 

19731 


3724 

147 

281 

1612 

12949 

940 

68 

4336 

5427 

62 

20728 

18938 

383 

5244 

13764 

8677 

11024 

19611 

180 

31164 

105 

12073 

3744 

1309 

6074 

1374 

793 

3058 

1699 

179 

6440 

3621 

18701 

3168 

332 

43 

8029 

18493 

9883 

15038 

17573 

13306 






2598 


Calhoun 






681 


Carroll 






1197 


Cass 






2422 


Cedar 


3941 


1253 


3934 
1526 


Cerro Gordo 








1001 


Cbiclcasaw 






2392 




79 




2213 
868 


Clay 






3873 
2822 


1101 
821 


5279 




5569 




1244 


Dallas 


854 
7264 

965 

1759 

12988 




3170 




3448 






2882 


Des Moines 


168 
5577 


3662 
6654 




394 




10841 


3059 


8759 




299 




825 




4637 






2884 


Franklin 






1374 




1244 




2998 


Greene 




1622 








1525 








2339 








1455 


Hancock 






303 








3215 








2658 




8707 


3772 


4641 




1712 








695 


Ida 






172 




822 
7210 
1280 
9904 
4472 
3007 




3576 


Jackson 


1411 


4901 
5239 


2773 

1491 

471 


3721 




5225 


Jones 


4180 



* In 1862, name changed to Lyon. 



256 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

POPULATION OF IOWA— Concluded. 



COUNTIES 


AGGREGATE. 




1875. 


1870. 


1860. 


1850. 1840. 


Toters. 




20488 

3765 

33913 

31815 

12499 

11725 

1139 

16030 

23718 

24094 

19629 

10555 

11523 

2267 

12811 

1U389 

21G23 

2349 

1778 

14274 

2728 

5282 

2249 

31558 

216G5 

16482 

7546 

2873 

39763 

5GG4 

3120 

13111 

18771 

10418 

8827 

16980 

23865 

18541 

19269 

13;t78 

13114 

2986 

24233 

8568 

4908 

3244 


19434 

3351 

38210 

28852 

12877 

10388 

221 

13884 

22508 

24436 

17576 

8718 

9582 

3654 

12724 

5934 

21688 

715 


13271 
416 
29232 
18947 
10370 
5766 


4822' 


4202 

773 
7274 
7509 
2899 
2464 

287 
3632 
6287 
4988 
4445 
2365 
2338 
1292 
2743 
2485 
6588 

595 

498 
3222 

556 
1136 

464 
6842 
4392 
3634 
1496 

657 
7109 
1084 

637 
2574 
3911 
2282 
1924 
3893 
6346 
4168 
4168 
2947 
2747 

406 
4117 
1776 

763 

694 










18861 

5444 

4939 

471 


6093 
1373 
1927 















7339 

14816 

16813 

6015 

4481 

3409 

832 

8612 

1256 

16444 

8 


1179 

5989 

5482 

338 










■ 






Mills 




Mitchell 














2884 










5731 


1942 












9975 

133G 

2199 

1446 

27857 

16893 

15581 

5691 

1411 

38599 

2540 

576 

11651 

16131 

6989 

6986 

17672 

2234G 

17980 

18952 

11287 

10484 

1562 

23570 

6172 

2892 

2392 


4419 

132 

148 

103 

11625 

4968 

5668 

2923 

246 

25959 

818 

10 

4051 

5285 

3690 

2012 

17081 

14518 

10281 

14235 

6409 

2504 

168 

13942 

1119 

756 

653 


551 




Palo Alto 


















4513 

7828 

615 






















Scott 


5986 


2140 


Shelby 














Tama 


8 
204 














12270 

8471 

961 

4957 

340 


0146 


Wapello 








1594 












> 




546 








Worth 






Writrht 














1353118 


1191792 


674913 


192214 


43112 


284557 


* Formerly Buncombe. 





THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 257 



ILLINOIS. 

Length, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 square 
miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a 
table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above 
the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains. 
Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are 
thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees 
scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the 
State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and Missouri — the Ohio 
(forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- 
gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable 
streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- 
ous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly 
coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field 
alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North 
America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature 
standing at about 51'" Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes 
a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root- 
crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois 
may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of 
lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock- 
raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in 
regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand- 
ing scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten- 
sive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal 
connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the 
St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the 
chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, 
Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- 
tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, 
elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which 
numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of 
six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and 
educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very 
flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for 

(99) 



258 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of 
the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,833 
unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized 
property presented the following totals : assessed, $840,031,703 ; equal- 
ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly th- whole of 
the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and 
west of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1673, at 
Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements 
formed the nucleus was, in 1763, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction 
with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. 
Iliiuois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends 
19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870. 




THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 259 



INDIANA. 



The profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy- 
ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The 
greater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle 
undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief 
rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous 
affluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and grasses — most 
particularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and 
White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered 
with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- 
ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper, 
marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an 
agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with 
the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum, 
hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties, 
and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis 
(the capital). Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- 
ville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of 
the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and 
efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. 
Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all 
directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding 
manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating 
October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- 
bursements, 13,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State 
Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This 
State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort 
at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was 
by the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791, 
an Indian warefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of 
Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. 
In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and 
Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the 
theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle 
of Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among 
the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a 
monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad, 
canal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the 
time being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank- 
ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public 



260 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

works which had brought about that imbroglio — especially the great 
Wabash and Erie Canal — have been completed, to the great benefit of 
the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by 
rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and 
political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. 
Population, 1,680,637. 



IOWA. 

In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram ; has a 
length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 
miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres. 
The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the 
middle into an elevated plateau which forms the " divide " of the 
Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south 
section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with 
woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; 
the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form 
respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des 
Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important 
as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of 
an area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron, 
are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to 
the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables, 
and esculent roots ; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. 
Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- 
tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely 
engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat 
and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried 
on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of $20,000,000. 
Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- 
communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically 
divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des 
Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur- 
lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The 
State institutions of Iowa — religious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are 
on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, 
with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially 
well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the 
American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana 
purchase in 1803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812, 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 263 

when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the 
Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally, 
after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of 
the Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 ; in 1870, 
1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,353,118. 



MICHIGAN. 

United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the 
Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating 
between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 
60 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The 
Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, 
expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum 
height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently 
bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of 
copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are 
heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich, 
loamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural 
produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter 
colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals, 
grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, 
the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimproved 
woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value 
of land was $398,240,578 ; of farming implements and machinery, 
$13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports, 
874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 
tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. 
Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad 
system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and 
Superior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties ; its chief 
urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, 
Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the 
State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded 
debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of 
land to $266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000. 
Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro- 
vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit 
and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at 
Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among 
the academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and 



264 THE NORTinVESTERN STATES. 

signifying " Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French 
Canadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the pioneer of a series of trad- 
ing-posts on the Indian frontier. During the " Conspiracy of Pontiac," 
following the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a 
sanguinary struggle between the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it 
became annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region 
with the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803, 
when it became territorially independent. Michigan Avas the theater of 
warlike operations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in 
1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress ; in 
1837 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified the 
15th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059. 



WISCONSIN. 

It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215. 
Land area, 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a 
considerable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an 
upland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally 
diversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed 
over the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char- 
acterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as on the west side the banks of 
the Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of 
islands known as The Apostles lie off the extreme north point of the 
State in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far 
inland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula between its waters 
and those of Lake Michigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three 
outlets — those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the Mississippi, which 
latter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point 
into the large watery expanse called Lake Pepin. Lake Superior receives 
the St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers; Green Bay, the 
Menomonee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox ; while into the Mississippi 
empty the St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers. 
The chief interior lakes are those of Winnebago, Horicon, and Court 
Oreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface. 
The climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very warm 
Summers. Mean annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system 
represented by the State, embraces those rocks included between the 
primary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive 
deposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc 
are found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gypsum, 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 265 

and various clays. Mining, consequently, forms a prominent industry, 
and one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of 
varying quality, but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of the 
State heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals, 
together with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege- 
tables, and of the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number 
of 102,904 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con- 
sisted of improved land, and 3,437,442 were timbered. Cash value of 
farms, $300,414,064 ; of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364. 
Total estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and 
additions to stock, $78,027,032 ; of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933 ; 
of lumber, $1,327,618 ; of home manufactures, $338,428 ; of all live-stock, 
$45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ- 
ing 39,055 hands, and turning out productions valued at $85,624,966. 
The political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the chief places 
of wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee, 
Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Prairie du Chien, Janesville, Portage City, 
Racine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. In 1870, the total assessed valuation 
reached $333,209,838, as against a true valuation of both real and personal 
estate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,- 
696 ; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983. 
Education is amply provided for. Independently of the State University 
at Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton, and 
the colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at 
Platteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 common 
school districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,160. The chari- 
table institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an 
Institute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers' Orphans' School. 
In January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State 
totalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward 
completion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author- 
ities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and 
German origin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the 
State of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders in 
1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, w^hen it 
became annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it 
reverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted 
it within the limits of the Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it 
to that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became independ- 
ently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union, 
March 3, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which 2,113 were of 
the colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of 
tribal relations. 



266 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



MINNESOTA 



Its length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles ; its 
oreadth one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or 
54,760,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con- 
sists of a succession of gently undulating plains and prairies, drained by 
an admirable water-system, and with here and there heavily- timbered 
bottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a 
supcrfices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark, 
calcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing physical 
feature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly 
every part of it into almost innumerable lakes — the whole presenting an 
aggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides 
the Mississippi — which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles 
of country — the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long), 
the Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of 
lesser importance ; the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech, 
Mille Lacs, Vermillion, and Winibigosh. Quite a concatenation of sheets 
of water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America, 
culminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated, that of 
an area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis- 
sissippi Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are of lacustrine formation. In 
point of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very 
imperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead — all these are known to 
exist in considerable deposits ; together with salt, limestone, and potter's 
clay. The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis- 
factory ; wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian 
corn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great 
plenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are 
important ; the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area 
of some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled 
logs amounting to 313,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages 
possessed by Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system. 
The political divisions of this State number 78 counties ; of which the 
chief cities and towns are : St. Paul (the capital"), Stillwater, Red Wing, 
St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has 
already assumed an attitude of high importance as a manufacturing State; 
this is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos- 
sesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of 
flour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent 
interests, which in 1869, gave returns to the amount of $14,831,043. 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 267 

Education is notably provided for on a broad and catholic scale, the 
entire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being $857,- 
816 ; while on November 30 of the j)receding year the permanent school 
fund stood at $2,476,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College, 
Normal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned 
such various philanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of 
an intelligent and prosperous community. The finances of the State for 
the fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on the 
right side to the amount of $136,164, being a gain of $44,000 over the 
previous year's figures. The earliest exploration of Minnesota by the 
whites was made in 1680 by a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who' 
gave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi. 
In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region to England, 
Twenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory 
transferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde- 
pendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and, 
May 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federation 
of States. Population, 489,706. 



NEBRASKA. 

Maximum length, 412 miles ; extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area, 
75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. The surface of this State is 
almost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the west slope of 
the great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west 
division, near the base of the Rocky Mountains, is a sandy belt of 
country, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the " dunes," resem- 
bling a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres, a tract 
of singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda- 
tions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constituting its en- 
tire east line of demarcation ; the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara, the 
Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the 
Platte. The soil is very various, but consisting chiefly of rich, bottomy 
loam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals. All 
the vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great 
size and plenty. For grazing ]3urposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally 
well fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to 
this branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively 
infertile tracts of land found in various parts of the State are susceptible 
of productivity by means of a properly conducted system of irrigation. 
Few minerals of moment have so far been found within the limits of 



268 THE NORTHWESTERX STATES. 

Nebraska, if we may except important saline deposits at the head of Salt 
Creek in its southeast section. The State is divided into 57 counties, 
independent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized 
territory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln 
(State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870, 
the total assessed value of property amounted to $53,000,000, being an 
increase of $11,000,000 over the previous year's returns. The total 
amount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was 
$71,999. Education is making great onward strides, the State University 
and an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In 
the matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place 
herself on a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter- 
sected by the Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair, 
other tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con- 
gressional Act into a Territory, May 30, 1851, Nebraska entered the 
Union as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 269 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, 
establish jtistice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common 
defense, promote the general ivelfare, and secure the hlessiyigs of liberty 
to ourselves arid our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution 
for the United States of America. 

Article I. 

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in 
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem- 
bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the 
electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the 
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in 
which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- 
eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term o£ 
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- 
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The 
number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 
but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such, 
enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled 
to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan- 
tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- 
nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten. North Carolina five, 
and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the 
Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other 
officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ; 
and each Senator shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first 
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. 
The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira- 



270 AND ITS AMENDIMENTS. 

tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth 
year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen hy 
resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, 
the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next 
meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age 
of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he 
shall be chosen. 

The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of tli 
Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President fro 
tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise 
the office of President of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. 
And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the members present. 

Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to 
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted 
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, 
and punishment according to law. 

Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- 
ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- 
lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by 
law appoint a different day. 

Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and 
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute 
a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members 
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its 
members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
expel a member. 

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house 
on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered 
on the journal. 

Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other 
place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- 
sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the 
treasury of the United States. They shall in ail cases, except treason, 



i 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 271 

felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and 
returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house 
they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was 
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United 
States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall 
have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office 
under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his 
continuance in office. 

Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments 
as on other bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and 
the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President 
- the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall 
return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- 
nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that 
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- 
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if 
approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all 
such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by } eas and nays, 
and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered 
on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have 
been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its 
return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the 
United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by 
him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of 
the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- 
itations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, 
and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United 
States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout 
the United States ; 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
Str.tes, and with the Indian tribes ; 

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and 
fix the standard of weights and measures ; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the United States; 

To establish post offices and post roads ; 



272 -^^^ ITS AMENDMENTS. 

To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, 
for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their 
respective writings and discoveries ; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; 

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
seas, and offenses against the law of nations ; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
concerning captures on land and water ; 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that 
use shall be for n longer term than two years ; 

To provide and maintain a navy ; 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and 
naval forces ; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; 

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and 
for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the 
officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- 
pline prescribed by Congress ; 

To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not 
exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and tlic 
acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United 
States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the 
consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for 
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful 
buildings ; and 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this 
Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- 
ment or officer thereof. 

Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited 
b}^ the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, 
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each person. 

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it. 

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion 
to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev 
enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels 
bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or jDay duties in 
another. 

No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of 
the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from 
time to time. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 273 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no 
person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the 
consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title 
of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 

Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- 
ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of 
credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of 
debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the 
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 

No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts 
or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and 
imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the 
Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the 
revision and control of the Congress. 

No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on 
tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into an}^ 
agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will 
not admit of delay. 

Article II. 

Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of 
the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term 
of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same 
term, be elected as follows : 

Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof 
may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators 
and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; 
but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or 
profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 

[ * The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by 
ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of 
the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the 
persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they 
shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government 
of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- 
ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- 
resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
The person having tlie greatest number of votes shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal 
number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately 
choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- 
jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like 
manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote 
shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one 
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members 
from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President 

• This clause between brackets has been superseaed and annulled by the Twelfth ameudnipn* 



274 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be 
the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have 
equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and 
the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 

No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that 
office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been 
fourteen years a resident within the United States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress 
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- 
ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall 
then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- 
ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of 
them. 

Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- 
lowing oath or affirmation : 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." 

Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and 
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when 
called into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the 
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive 
departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective 
offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses 
against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- 
cur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, 
shall appoint ambassaaors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of 
the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose 
appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be 
established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment 
of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in 
the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of their next session. 

Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information 
of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- 
sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 275 

occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disa^ree- 
ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may 
adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive 
ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United 
States. 

Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the 
United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con 
viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

Article III. 

Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and 
inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be 
diminished during their continuance in office. 

Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and 
equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases 
affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of 
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United 
States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; 
between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- 
ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants 
of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
states, citizens, or subjects. 

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, 
and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have 
original jurisdiction. 

In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall 
have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions 
and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by 
jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall 
have been committed ; but when not committed within an}'- state, the 
trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have 
directed. 

Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- 
ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- 
timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
court. 

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason 
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture 
except during the life of the person attainted. 

Article IV. 

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the 
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And 



276 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such 
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges 
and immunities of citizens in the several states. 

A person charged in any state witli treason, felony, or other crime, 
who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand 
of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered 
up, to be removed to the state having jurisdid'on of the crime. 

No person lield to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof 
escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered 
up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 

Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; 
but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any 
other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, 
or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states 
concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful 
rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging 
to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed 
as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. 

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this 
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 
against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- 
tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- 
lence. 

Article V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it 
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- 
plication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call 
a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be 
valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- 
fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- 
ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- 
cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment 
which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and 
eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall 
be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 

Article VL 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- 
tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under 
this Constitution as under the Confederation. 

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be 
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in 
the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 



J 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 



277 



bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- 
cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound 
by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test 
shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under 
the United States. 

Article VII. 

The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifjang 
the same. 

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the 
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the 
United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have 
hereunto subscribed our names. 

GEO. WASHINGTON, 
President and Deputy from Virginia. 



Neiv Hampshire. 
John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilivian. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel Gorham, 
RuFUS King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm. Sam'l Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 



Delaware. 
Geo. Read, 
John Dickinson, 
Jaco. Broom, 
Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
Richard Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James M' Henry, 
Danl. Carroll, 
Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. 



Netv York. 
Alexander Hamilton. 

New Jersey. 
WiL. Livingston, 
Wm. Paterson, 
David Brearley, 
JoNA. Dayton. 



Virginia. 
John Blair, 
James Madison, Jr. 

North Carolina. 
Wm. Blount, 
Hu. Williamson, 
Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. 



Pennsylvania. 
B. Franklin, 
Robt. Morris, 
Thos. Fitzsenions, 
James Wilson, 
Thos. Mifflin, 
Geo. Clymer, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
Gouv. Morris. 



South Carolina. 
J. Rutledge, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

Georgia. 
William Few, 
Abr. Baldwin. 

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 



278 AND ITS a]!hend:ments. 



Articles in Addition to a^td Amendatory op the Constitution 
OF THE United States of America. 

Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states, 
pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. 

Article I. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment cf religion, 
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, 
and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 

Article II. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

Article III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- 
scribed by law. 

Article IV. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, sujjported by 
oath or afifirraation, and particularly describing the place to be searched 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Article V. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous 
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual 
service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject 
for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or liml) ; nor shall 
be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be 
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor 
shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. 

Article VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and 
cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; 
to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to 
have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

Article VII. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 281 

tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
States than according to the rules of the common law. 

Article VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

Article IX. 

The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

Article X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, 
or to the people. 

Article XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- 
jects of any foreign state. 

Article XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their 
ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots tho 
person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of 
all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- 
President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign 
and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person 
having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by 
ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a 
quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 
fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority 
of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 



282 AND ITS AMENDMEifTS. 

ity then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose 
the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number 
shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible 
to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 

United States. 

Article XIII. 

Section" 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
diction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
priate legislation. 

Article XIV. 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and 
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and 
of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 
the equal protection of the laws. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states 
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- 
President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- 
tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature 
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being 
twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of 
representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
twenty-one years of age in such state. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or 
military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- 
ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the 
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebelhon against the 
same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt 
or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the 
United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, 
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



283 



Article XV. 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not 
be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of 
race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

VOTE FOR GOVERNOR, 1877, AND PRESIDENT, 187G. 



Counties. 




1877. 
Governor. 




1876. 
President. 


Counties. 




1877. 
Governor. 




1876. 
President. 




Rep. 


Dem. 


Gr. 


Pro. 


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Gr 


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982 

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410 
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12110 

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418 

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1315 

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562 
1279 
1054 

517 
1873 
2144 

898 
1541 

893 
1269 
1226 
2315 

197 
1587 

213 
1933 
1233 
1311 
1250 
1031 

909 
1160 

842 

340 
1492 
1348 
1770 

551 

382 

321 
1132 
1619 
1977 
l:i96 


161 
397 

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1U49 
352 
712 

1111 
981 
582 
769 
192 
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744 
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348 

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651 
215 

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496 
265 
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1966 

1154 
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141 
116 
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1189 




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1804 
1449 


Totals 






121.546 
4 19- 


79353 


3422; 


10639 


17133-. 
.59211 


11212J 


Jefferson 


Majorities 





Total vote, 1877, 245,766 , 1876 (including^949 Greenback), 292,943. 

VOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876. 



Distrct. 



I ... 
If 
III. 
IV.., 

v.... 

YI 



ll.p. 



17188 
16439 
17-123 
20770 
19274 
18778 



14814 
14683 
16100 
9379 
111.54 
14719 



R. Maj 



2374 
1756 
1323 
11391 

8120] 
4059' 



32002 
31122 
3:i523 
30149 
30428 
33497 



Maj. '74. District. 



Pvep. { Dem. I Pv. Maj. Total. 



Mnj '74. 



D. 1863' VII ....] 19496 1 1688| 



R. 657 
D. 63 
R. 3824 
R. 6243 
R. 2724 



VIII .. 193.58 15236 

IX I 19563] 10583 



7808 
4122 
89S0 



168289 118356 49933 



31184 
34594 
30146 



R. 2300 
R. 2127 
R. 5849 



Total vote, 1874, 184 640 ; aggregate Republican majority, 24,524. '''Including 5,460 Greenback vot^s. 



Practical Rules for Every Day Use. 



Hoiv to find the gain or loss per cent, when the cost and selling price 
are given. 

Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selUng price, which 
wiU be the gain or loss. 

Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost 
price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Eoio to change gold into currency. 

Rule. — Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold. 

JSoiv to change currency into gold. 

Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold. 

Hoio to find each partner'' s share of the gain or loss in a copartnership 
business. 

Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- 
tient will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be 
each one's share of the gain or loss. 

Hotv to find gross and net weight and price of hogs. 

A short and simple method for finding the net weight.^ or price of hogs, 
when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa. 

Note.— It is generally assiinied that the gross weight of Hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20 per cent, 
of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased hy ^i or 25 per cent, of itself equals the 
^ross weight. 

To find the net weight or gross price. 

Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.) 

To find the gross weight or net price. 

Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) 

How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or ivagon-hed. 

Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 
6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct 
nswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel. 

For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and 
point off one decimal place. 

Hoiv to find the contents of a corn-crib. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or 

(284) 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 285 

by 4i ordinary method, and point off one decimal place — the result will 
be the answer in bushels. 

Note.— Ill estimating corn in tlie ear, tlie quality and ttie time it has been cribbed must be taken 
into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during tlie Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds 
good for corn measured at tlie time it is cribbed, provided it is sound and clean. 

Hoiv to find the contents of a cister^i or tank. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all 
in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one 
decimal place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons. 

Sotv to find the contents of a barrel or cask. 

Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length 
(all in inches) in REVERej:D order, so that its units will fall under the 
TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point 
off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons. 

Mow to measure boards. 

Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and 
divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. 

Jlotv to measure scantlings, joists, planks, sills, etc. 

Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together 
(the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide 
the product by 12 — the result will be square feet. 

How to find the number of acres in a body of land. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the 
product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a 
remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. 

When the opposite sides of a ];)iece of land are of unequal length, 
add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width. 

Hoiv to find the number of square yards in a floor or tvall. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and 
divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards. 

Mow to find the number of bricks required in a building. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22^. 

The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height 
nd thickness (in feet) together. 

Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches 
thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, 
but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. 

Mow to find the number of shingles required in a roof. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof b}^ 8, if the 
shingles are exposed 4 J inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. 

To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by 
twice the length of the rafters. 



286 MISCELLANEOUS INFOHMATION. 

To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the 
width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at ONE-THiRb pitch, by .6 
(tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half 
pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from 
the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be 
taken into consideration. 

Note.— By yi or }i pitch is meant tliat tlie apex or comb of tlie roof is to be X or K the wiatli of the 
building higher than the walls or base of the rafters. 

Hoiv to reckon the cost of hay. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, 
and remove the decimal point three places to the left. 

How to measure grain. 

Rule. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic 
feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to 
the left. 

Note.— Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel. 

The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by 
roviltiplying the number of bushels by 8. 

If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find 
the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai 
corn to make 1 of shelled corn. 

Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments. 

In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any 
given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the 
number of rods and acres. 

The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, 
an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on 
the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes. 

To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to 
walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line 
straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- 
ing, keep these objects constantly in line. 

Farmers and others hy adopting the folloiving simple and ingenious con- 
trivance, may alivays carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard 
measure. 

Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger ol 
the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the 
left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. 

To find how many rods in length 7cill make an acre., the width being given. 
Rule. — Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 287 

Hotv to find the number of acres in any plot of latid, the number of rods 
being given. 

Rule, — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, 
and remove the decimal point two places to the left. 

The diameter being given, to find the circumference. 

Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. 

Sow to find the diameter, zvhen the circumference is given. 

Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7. 

To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick' 
ness throughout will contain ivhen squared. 

Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply 
by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144. 

General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet. 

Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and 
then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. 

To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in 
inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 
1-15 according to the thickness of the bark. 

Sbward's neiv rule for computing interest. 

Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest 
on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal 
point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point 
one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three 
places to the left. 

Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. 

Note.— The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, In- 
verted, becomes >i of a month, or 10 days. 

When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, 
three ones. 

Hule for converting Unglish into American currency. 

Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, 
by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. 

U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. 

A township — 86 sections each a mile square. 
A section — 640 acres. 

A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. 
An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter 
of a mile wide — 80 acres. 

A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. 



288 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 

The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east 
corner. 

The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the 
cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- 
scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of 
the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range T west, 
or as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes 
overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. 

The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile. 

SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 

7 92-100 inches make 1 link. 

25 links " 1 rod. 

4rods " 1 chain. 

80 chains " 1 mile. 

Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 6G feet. 

Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- 
corn ; three of which made an inch. 

Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of 
measure is four inches — called a hand. 

In Biblical and other old measurements, the term S2)an is sometimes 
used, Avhich is a lei'.gth of nine inches. 

The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. 

The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. 

A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. 

A fathom is equal to 6 feet. 

A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly 
speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal 
to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said 
to be a league. 

In cloth measure an aune is equal to li yards, or 45 inches. 

An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. 

A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. 

A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. 

HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. 

Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, 
should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- 
ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- 
quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here 
present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, 
and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics 
and laborers. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFOKMATTON. 



289 



1875. 



A. 11. JACKSON. 



Dr. 



Cr. 



Jan. 


10 


a 


17 


Fel). 


4 


a 


4 


March 


8 


u 


8 


ii 


13 


u 


27 


April 


9 


" 


9 


May 


6 


(( 


U 


July 


4 



To 7 bushels AVheat at ^.25 

By shoeing span of Horses 

To 14 bushels Oats at $ .45 

To 5 lbs. Butter at .25 

By new Harrow 

By sharpening 2 Plows. . 

By new Double-Tree 

To Cow and Calf 

To half ton of Hay 

By Cash 

By repairing Corn-Planter 

To one Sow with Pigs . .._ 

By Cash, to balance account 



18 


75 


$2 


G 


30 




1 


25 


18 
2 


48 


00 




6 


25 


25 
4 


■17 


50 








35 


$88 


05 


888 



50 



00 
40 
25 



00 
75 

15 



05 



137o, 



CASS A MASON. 



D: 



Cr. 



March 21 
" 21 
" 23 
1 
1 
19 
26 
10 
29 
12 
12 
1 



May 

a 

June 
July 
Aug. 

u 

Sept. 



By 3 days' labor at $1.25 

To 2 Shoats at 3.00 

To 18 bushels Corn . at .45 

By 1 month's Labor 

To Cash 

By 8 days' Mowing at $1.50 

To 50 lbs. Flour 

To 27 lbs. Meat at | .10 

By 9 days' Harvesting ...at 2.00 

By 6 days' Labor at 1.50 

To Casii... 

To Cash to balance account 







$3 


$0 


00 




8 


10 


25 


10 


00 


12 


2 


75 




2 


70 


18 
9 


20 


00 




18 


20 




$G7 


75 


$67 



00 
00 



00 
00 



75 



INTEREST TABLE. 

A SiMPLH Rule poa accurately' Compiitino Interest at Any Givkx ri;:-. Cent. i-or. Axy 

Length op Time. 
Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this product 
by the quotient oljtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the Interest year) by the per cent, of interest, 
andf/ie quotient thus obtained will be the required interest. 

illustration. Solution. 

Requiretheinterestof $462.50for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An $462.50 

interest month is 30 days; one montli and eighteen days equal 48 days. $462.50 multi- .48 

piled by .48 gives S222.0000; 360 divided bv 6 (the per cent, of interest) gives 60, and • — ■ 

$222.0000dividedhy eOwill give vou the exact interest, which is $3.70. If the rate of 370000 

interest in the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6)360 \ 185000 

(because 360 divided bv 12 gives 30); if 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; if 8 per 

cent., by 45: and in like manner for any other per cent. 60/8222.0000(53.70 

180 

420 
420 



00 



MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 



12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. 
12 dozen, 1 Gross. 
20 things, 1 Score. 



196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour. 
200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork. 
56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. 



I 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire. 
20 quires pai)er 1 Ream. 
I 4 ft. wide, 4 f . lilgh, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood. 



290 MISCELLANEOUS INFOR1VLA.TION. 

NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS. 

Virginia. — The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen 
Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made 
his first attempt to colonize that region. 

Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter 
Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was 
the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers." 

Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time 
owned that section of the country. 

Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." 

Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River." 

Arkansas., from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its 
prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow." 

The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," 
after Charles the Ninth of France. 

G-eorgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first 
established a colony there in 1732. 

Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of tlie Bend," i. e., the 
Mississippi which forms its western boundary. 

Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river." 

Ohio means " beautiful ; " Iowa., " drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy 
water," and Wisconsin., "wild-rushing channel." 

Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French 
suffix ois, together signifying " tribe of men." 

Michigari was called by the name given the lake, fish-tveir, which was 
so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. 

Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly 
applies to the river that flows through it. 

Oregon owes its Indian name also to itS' principal river. 

Cortes named California. 

Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills." 

Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying " Long 
River." 

3Iaryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of 
England. 

New York was named by the Duke of York. 

Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William 
Penn, its orignal owner. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



291 



Delaware after Lord De La Ware. 

New Jersey^ so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was 
Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel. 

Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- 
ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. 

Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green 
Mountain. 

Neiv Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was 
formerly called Laconia. 

The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of 
Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly 
resemble. 

Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that 
section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. 



POPULATION OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 



States and Territories. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California ... 
Connecticut . 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

niinois 

Indiana 



Total 
Population. 



Iowa.. 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Iiouisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina . . 
Ohlc 



Oregon 

Pennsylvania 3, 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsi n 



Total States. 



Arizona 

ColoraUa 

Dakota 

District of Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 



Total Territories,... 
Total United States 



996, 
484, 
560, 
537, 
125, 
187, 
184, 
539, 
680, 
191, 
364, 
321, 
726, 
626, 
780, 
457, 
184, 
439. 
827, 
,721, 
122. 

42. 
318, 
906, 
,382. 
,071, 
,665. 

90, 
,521, 
217, 
705, 
,258, 
818, 
330, 
,225, 
442, 
,054, 



992 

471 

247 

454 

015 

748 

109 

891 

637 

792 

.399 

Oil 

915 

915 

894 

351 

059 

706 

922 

295 

993 

491 

300 

096 

759 

361 

260 

923 

791 I 

353 I 

606 

520 

579 

551 

163 

014 

670 



38.113,253 



9,658 
39.864 
14,181 
131.700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 

9.118 

442,730 



38,555.983 



POPULATION OF FIFTY 
PRINCIPAL CITIES. 



Cities. 



New York. N. Y 

Philadelphia, Pa 

Brooklyn, N. Y 

St. Louis, Mo 

Chicago, 111 

Baltimore, Md 

Boston, Mass 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

New Orleans, La. .. 
San Francisco, Cal.. 

Buffalo, N. Y 

Washington, D. C... 

Newark. N. J 

Louisville, Ky 

Cleveland, Ohio 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Jersey City, N. J ... 

Detroit, Mich 

Milwaukee, Wis 

Albany, N. Y 

Providence, R. I 

Rochester, N. Y 

Allegheny, Pa 

Richmond, Va 

New Haven, Conn . 

Charleston, S. C 

Indianapolis, Ind... 

Troy, N. Y 

Syracuse, N. Y 

Worcester, Mass 

Lowell. Mass 

Memphis, Tenn 

Cambridge, Mass... 

Hartford, Conn 

Scranton, Pa 

Reading, Pa 

Paterson, N.J 

Kansas City, Mo 

Mobile, Ala 

Toledo. Ohio 

Portland, Me 

Columbus, Ohio 

Wilmington, Del... 

Dayton, Ohio 

Lawrence, Mass 

Utica, N. Y 

Charlestown, Mass 

Savannah, Ga 

Lynn. Mass 

Fall River, Mass... 



Aggregate 
Population. 



942, 

674, 

396, 

310 

298. 

267 

250, 

216, 

191, 

149, 

117. 

109, 

105. 

100, 

92, 

86, 

82, 

79 

71. 

69, 

68 

62 

53, 

51. 

50. 

48, 

48. 

46, 

43, 

41, 

40, 

40, 

39, 

37, 

35, 

33 

33 

32 

32, 

31 

31 

31 

30 

30 

28, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

26, 



29"' 
022 
099 
864 
977 
354 
526 
239 
418 
473 
714 
199 
059 
53 
829 
076 
546 
577 
440 
422 
904 
386 
180 
038 
840 
956 
244 
465 
051 
105 
928 
226 
634 
180 
092 
930 
579 
260 
034 
,584 
,413 
274 
841 
473 
.921 
804 
323 
235 
233 
766 



292 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Area in 
States a>'d square 
Tkrkitories. Miles. 



States. 

Alal)aina 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida . 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.. . 

Michigan* 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina.. 

Ohio 

Oregon 



188 

4. 

2, 

59, 

58, 

55, 

33. 

55, 

81. 

37, 

41, 

31, 

11, 

7, 

56. 

83, 

47, 

6.% 

75, 

112, 

9, 

8. 

47, 

50, 

39, 

95, 

' Last Census of 



Population 



1870. 



996, 
484. 
560 
537 
125, 
187. 
1,184, 
2,539 
1,680, 
1.191 
364 
1,321 
726 
626 
780, 
1,457, 
1,184. 
439, 
827, 
1,721, 
123, 
42, 
318. 
906, 
4.382, 
1.071, 
2,665, 
90. 
Michigan 



Miles 
R. R. 

1875. 1872. 



1,3.50,544 
528.349 



857,039 



992 
471 

47 
454 
015 
748 
109 
891 
637 
792 
399 
Oil 
915 
915 
894 
351 
059 

06 
922 
295 
993 
491 
300 

096 1,026.502 
759:4,705,208 
361 
360 
923 
taken in 1874. 



1,651,912 
1,334.031 

598,429 



246,280 
52,540 



,671 
25 
,013 
820 
227 
466 
.108 
,904 
,529 
.160 
,760 
,123 
539 
871 
820 
,606 
,235 
,612 
990 
,580 
828 
593 
790 
,265 
,470 
,190 
,740 
lo9 



States aud 
Territories. 



States. 
Pennsylvania... 
Khoile Island... 
South Carolina. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virfiinia 

West Virginia... 
Wisconsin 



Total States. 



Territories. 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Dakot.a 

Dist. of Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 



Total Territories. 



Area in 
square 
Miles. 



.46.000 

1,306 

29,385 

45.600 

237.504 
10,212 
40,904 
23.000 
53.924 



Populatiox. 



1870. 



3,521 
217 
705. 

1,258, 
818, 
330. 

1,225 
443, 

1.054, 



1,950,171 38,113,253 



113.916 

104.500 

147,490 

60 

90,932 

143.776 

121,201 

80,056 

69,944 

93.107 



965.032 



9,658 
39.864 
14.181 
131.700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 

9,118 



442.730 



Miles 
R. R. 
1875. I 1872. 



258,239 
925.145 



1.236, 72£ 



5,113 
136 

1.201 

1,520 
865 
675 

1,490 
485 

1,725 



59,587 



375 
■498 



1,265 



Aggregate of U. S.. 2,915,203 38.555,983 1 60.852 

* Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland. 



PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; 

l^OPULATION AND ArEA. 



Population. 



China 

liritish Empire 

Russia 

United States with Alaska. . . 

France 

Austria and Hungary 

.Japan 

Great Britain and Ireland. . . 

German Empire 

Italy 

Spain 

Brazil 

Turkey 

Me.xico 

Sweden and Norway 

Persia 

lielgiuin 

ISavaria 

Portugal 

Holland 

T> ew Grenada 

Chili 

Switzerland 

Peru 

Bolivia 

Argentine Republic 

Wurtemburg 

Denmark 

Venezuela 

Baden 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Ecuador 

Paraguay 

Hesse 

Liberia 

San Salvador 

Hayti 

Nicaragua 

Uruguay 

Honduras 

San Domingo 

Costa.Rica 

Hawaii 



446, 
226 
81. 
38, 
36, 
35, 
34, 
31, 
29, 

T('i! 

10, 

10, 
9, 
5, 
5, 
5, 
4. 
3, 
3, 
3, 
2, 

2! 
2, 
1 
1 
1 
I 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 



500,000 
817,108 
925,400 
925.600 
469.800 
904,400 
785, .300 
817,100 
906,092 
439,921 
ti42,(ii)0 
()()(). OtIO 
163,000 
173,000 
921.500 
000,000 
021,300 
861,400 
99.5.200 
688.300 
000,000 
000,000 
669,100 
500,000 
000,000 
812,000 
,818,500 
784,700 
500,000 
461,400 
457,900 
180,000 
,300,000 
,000,000 
823.138 
718,000 
600,000 
572,000 
350,000 
300,000 
350,000 
136,000 
165.000 
H2 950 



Date of 
Census. 



1871 
1871 
1871 
1870 
1866 
1869 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1867 



1869 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1871 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 

'1869 
1871 
1870 

'isii 

1870 
1871 

1871 

'isYi 

1871 

'isii 

1871 
1871 

'isVo 



Area in Inhabitants 
Square to Square 
Miles. Mile. 



3.741,846 

4,677,432 

8,003,778 

:, 603, 884 

204,091 

240.348 

149,399 

121,315 

160,207 

118,847 

19.5,775 

.3.253.029 

672,631 

761,526 

292,871 

635,964 

11,373 

29,292 

34,494 

12,680 

357,157 

132.616 

15,992 

471.838 

497,321 

871.848 

7,533 

14.753 

368.238 

5.912 

19.353 

40,879 

218,928 

63,787 

2,969 

9,576 

7,335 

10,205 

58,171 

66,723 

47.093 

17.827 

21.505 

7.633 



119.3 

48.6 

10.3 

7.78 

178.7 

149.4 

232.8 

262.3 

187. 

230.9 

85. 

3.07 
24.4 



20. 
7.8 
441.5 
165.9 
115.8 
290.9 
8.4 
15.1 
166.9 
5.3 
4. 
2.1 
241.4 
120.9 
4.3 
247. 
75.3 
28.9 
5.9 
15.6 
277. 
74.9 
81.8 
56. 
6. 
6.5 
7.4 
7.6 
7.7 
80. 



Pekin 

London 

St. Petersburg. 

Washington 

Paris 

Vienna 

Yeddo 

London 

Berlin 

Rome 

Madrid 

Rio Janeiro 

Constantinople 

Mexico 

Stockholm 

Teheran 

Brussels 

Munich 

Lisbon 

Hague 

Bogota 

Santiago 

Berne 

Lima 

Chuquisaca 

Buenos Ayres.. 

Stuttgart 

Copenhagen 

Caraccas 

Carlsruhe 

Athens 

Guatemala 

Quito 

.Asuncion 

Darmstadt 

Monrovia 

Sal Salvador . . . 
Port au Prince 

Managua 

Monte Video... 

Comayagua 

San Domingo... 

San Jose 

Honolulu 



Population. 



1.648,800 

3,251,800 

667,000 

109.199 

1.835.300 

833,900 

1.554,900 

3.351.800 

835.400 

244,484 

332,000 

420,000 

1,075,000 

210,300 

136.900 

120.000 

314,100 

169,500 

224,063 

90.100 

45.000 

115,400 

36,000 

160,100 

25.000 

177.800 

91.600 

163.042 

47.000 

36,600 

43,400 

40,000 

70.000 

48.000 

30.000 

3.000 

15,000 

20,000 

10,000 

44,500 

12,000 

20,000 

2,000 

7,633 



ABSTRACT OF IO¥A STATE LAWS. 



BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 

Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed 
according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on 
Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed 
or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the 
State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- 
vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before 
due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in 
obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit 
against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to 
order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. 
Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and Avhen so payable, 
every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise 
expressed. 

In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall 
be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, 
a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest 
when so expressed; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not 
stated. 

INTEREST. 

The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, 
on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten 
per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school 
fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered. 

DESCENT. 

The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- 
ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, 
as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve 
months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including 
life insurance, descends as does real estate. 

One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by 
husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on executioa 
or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her 
right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him. 

(293) 



294 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased 
wife. 

The -widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless 
she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- 
visions of the will. 

The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband 
or surviving wife. 

Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died 
siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend 

First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the 
descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their 
deceased parents in equal shares among them. 

Seeond. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no 
widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; 
the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole ; and if there is no 
parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- 
ants. 

Third. ^Yhen there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- 
dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to 
such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate 
shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, 
or child or children, or descendants of the same. 

Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of 
either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to 
like rules. 

Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- 
scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, 
parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or 
surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State. 



WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. 

No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. 
Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age 
of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must 
be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and 
by iiis or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- 
nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. 
Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from 
date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- 
tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of 
sale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half 
per cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus 
above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- 
ble for extra services. 

Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor 
or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall 
direct. 

Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are 
forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or 
unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to ecjuitable relief. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 295 

Claims are classed and payable in the following order : 

1. Expenses of administration. 

2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral. 

3. Allowance to widow and children, if made by the court. 

4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States. 

5. Public rates and taxes. 

6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice 
given by the executors of their appointment. 

7. All other debts. 

8. Legacies. 

The award, or property which must be set apart to the widow, in her own 
right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of th^ 
deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution. 



TAXES. 

The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, 
and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are 
liable for the taxes thereon. 

The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. : 

1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer- 
sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; 
property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when 
devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit ; public 
grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead; fire engines and all 
implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their 
buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, 
grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- 
gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these 
institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherwise used 
with a view of pecuniary profit; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- 
able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such 
lease ; 'provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly 
filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the 
assessment. 

2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions; 
used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- 
dents in any such institution, used for their education. 

3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted 
solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- 
scribed by their charter. 

4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to 
the person giving the list, his farm produce harvested within one year previous 
to the listing; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value; 
family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family, 
all wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the family ; but no 
person Trom whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, 
is to be cor.s'dered a member of the family within the intent of this clause. 

5. The polls or estates or both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- 
ity, may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public 



296 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

revenue ; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based being in all cases 
reported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and 
subject to reversal by them. 

6. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming, 
and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars 
in value. 

7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, 
should not be taxed for the year in which the entry, location or purchase is 
made. 

There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or 
forest trees or hedges. 

Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- 
alty, after being assessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate 
taxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same has not been sold for 
taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of 
destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only 
as is not covered by insurance. 

All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and 
sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which 
he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, 
father, husband, trustee, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or 
lessor, mortgagee or lessee. 

Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja- 
cent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- 
poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed 
and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public 
purpose. 

The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed 
and assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would bo listed and 
assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual. 

The Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of 
each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

The County Board of Eqalization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their 
reo^ular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without 
interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year. 

Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year. 

Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, 
by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty fer centum of 
such amount immediately added as i^enalty, toith ten per cent, interest per 
annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- 
sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each 
year, and a similar jjenalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per 
cent, interest as before. 

If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption 
is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' 
notice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of 
certificate, to terminate the right of redemption. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS 297 

JURISDICTION OF COURTS 

DISTRICT COURTS 

have jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such 
cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have 
exclusive supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistrates, in 
criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error. 

CIRCUIT COURTS 

have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil 
actions and special proceedings, and exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and 
writs of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction 
in matters of estates and general probate business. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 

have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. Bj consent 
of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300. 
They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public offense less than felony, 
committed within their respective counties, in Avhich the Jitie, by law, does not 
exceed ^100 or the imprisonment thirty days. 

LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. 

Action for injuries to the person or reputation; for a stutute penalty; and 
to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in two (2) years. 

Those against a public officer within three (3) years. 

Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property; for relief 
on the ground of fraud ; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within 
five (5) years. 

Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except 
those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within 
ten (10) years. 

Those founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States, 
within twenty (20) years. 

All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in 
favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed 
— time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be 
included in computing any of the above periods. 

Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, 
must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed 
and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, 
and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to 
bring action. 

JURORS. 

All qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment, 
and in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors 
in their respective counties. 

United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen, 
acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by 



298 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act 
as jurors. 

Any person may be excused from serving on a jury -when liis own interests 
or the public's will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of 
his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence. 

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 

was restored by the Seventeenth General Assembly, making it optional with 
the jury to inflict it or not. 

A MARRIED WOMAN 

may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may 
control the same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- 
vey, encumber, control or contract. 

She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband 
may. 

Her husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her. 

She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. 

She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact. 

EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. 

A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- 
erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for 
actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- 
essary to contain the same ; one musket or rifle and shot-gun ; all private 
libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings 
not kept for the purpose of sale; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his 
family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying 
ground not exceeding one acre ; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse 
is exempt as hereinafter provided ; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the 
materials manufactured from said wool ; six stands of bees ; five hogs and all 
pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; 
all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom ; one bed- 
stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured 
by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- 
niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value ; all spinning wheels and 
looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for 
actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six 
months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, 
mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor; the 
horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes 
of cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by 
the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teams! er or 
other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, there 
shall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- 
essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of 
twelve hundred dollars ; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at 
any time within ninety days next preceding the levy. 

Persons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have 
exempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 299 

There is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty 
acres; or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvements, value not 
limited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its acquisition as 
such, and is subject to mechanics' liens for work or material furnished for the same. 

An article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase 
money thereof. 

Where a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall 
have exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and 
other property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventy-five 
dollars in value. 

A policy of life insurance shall inure to the separate use of the husband or 
wife and children, entirely independent of his or her creditors. 

ESTRAYS. 

An unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st 
and November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found within the lawful 
enclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some 
other person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place ; 
and if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other 
householder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if 
taken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace 
such notice, and shall make afiidavit where such estray was taken up. 

Any swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for 
damage done to one's enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated 
as an estray. 

Within five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip- 
tion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town- 
ship ; and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go before a Justice 
of the Peace in the township and make oath as to where such estray was taken 
up, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knowledge. The 
estray shall then be appraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement, 
description of the size, age, color, sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be 
entered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, Avithin ten 
days thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor. 

When the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the 
Justice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on 
his book, and if no owner appears within six months, the property shall vest in 
the finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs. 

Where appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if 
no owner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com- 
plied with the law and paid costs. 

An estray, legally taken up, may be used or worked with care and 
moderation. 

If any person unlawfully take up an estray, or take up an estray and fail to 
comply with the law regarding estrays, or use or work it contrary to above, or 
work it before having it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more 
than five days at one time, before acquiring ownership, such offender shall foifeit 
to the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages with 
costs. 

If the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after 
the taking up, and the finder shall have complied with the law, a comolete title 
Tests in the finder. 



300 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

But if the owner appear within eighteen months from the taking up, prove 
his oAvnership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the 
appraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray. 

WOLF SCALPS. 
A bounty of one dollar is paid for wolf scalps. 

MARKS AND BRANDS. 

Any person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and 
have a description thereof recorded by the Township Clerk. 

No person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person 
residing in his township. 

DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS. 

When any person's lands are enclosed by a lawful fence, the owner of any 
domestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages 
may be recovered by suit against the owner, or may be made by distraining the 
animals doing the damage ; and if the party injured elects to recover by action 
against the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of 
distraint. 

When trespassing animals are distrained within twenty-four hours, Sunday 
not included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known ; 
and if the owner fails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter, 
the party shall have the township Trustees assess the damage, and notice shall 
be posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part 
thereof, shall, on the tenth day after posting the notice, between the hours of 1 
and 3 P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs. 

Appeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir- 
cuit Court. 

Where stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at 
large, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic 
animal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such 
animal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done 
were inclosed by a lawful fence or not. 

FENCES. 

A lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, wire or boards, with 
posts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet where 
boards are used, substantially built and kept in good repair ; or any other fence 
which, in the opinion of the Fence Viewers, shall be declared a lawful fence — 
provided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six- 
teen inches from the ground. 

The respective owners of lands enclosed Avith fences shall maintain partition 
fences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they improve 
them in equal shares, unless otherwise agreed between them. 

If any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he should maintain, 
the Fence Viewers (the township Trustees), upon complaint of aggrieved party, 
may, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and, if found insuf- 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 301 

ficient, notify the delinquent party, in ivriting, to repair or re-build the same 
within such time as they judge reasonable. 

If the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do 
so, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the 
value thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified ifnder their hands, 
the complainant may demand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if 
the same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per 
cent a month interest, by action. 

In case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or 
maintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done ; and in case 
any party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him, 
the aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double 
damages. 

No person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in 
common, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence ; but when he uses 
or incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti- 
tion fences. 

Where parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the 
owners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other 
refuses to divide the line or build a sufficient fence on the line when divided, 
the Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to 
build as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other's part and 
recover as above. 

And when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for 
one-half of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors. 

Where one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining 
his neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor 
six months' notice thereof. 

Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the 
owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn 
six months after the division line has been ascertained. Where the material to 
build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then, 
before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material 
to the owner of the land from which it was taken, nor shall such a fence be 
removed at a time when the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the 
other party; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove 
crops. 

MECHANICS' LIENS. 

Every mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish 
any materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve- 
ment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any 
work of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his 
agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying 
with the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor 
done or materials furnished. 

It would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub- 
contractor secures his lien. He should file, Avithin thirty days after the last of 
the labor was performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished, 
\vith the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after 
allowing all credits, setting forth the time when such material was furnished or 
labor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct description of 



302 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

the property sought to be charged with the lien, and the ^\hole verified by 
aifidavit. 

A principal contractor must file such an affidavit within ninety days, as 
above. 

Ordinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a 
mechanics' lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing 
such liens, to consult at once with an attorney. 

Remember that the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi- 
pal contractor, thirty days for a sub-contractor, as above ; and that actions to 
enforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much 
better be done with an attorney. 

ROADS AND BRIDGES. 

Persons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one half of 
the same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall 
be liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed- 
ing five dollars. 

The prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged. 

Any person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in 
a manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic- 
tion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding 
thirty days. 

It is a misdemeanor, without authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to 
break upon, plow or dig within the boundary lines of any public highway. 

The money tax levied upon the property in each road district in each town- 
ship (except the general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin- 
ery and guide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County 
Treasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part 
thereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district. 

The Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges 
therein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal will permit ; to put 
guide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district; and when noti- 
fied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe, 
must in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out 
any or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at 
one time, without their consent. 

Also, when notified in writing, of the growth of any Canada thistles upon 
vacant or non-resident lands or lots, within his district, the owner, lessee or 
agent thereof being unknown, shall cause the same to be destroyed. 

Bridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway, 
and must not be less than sixteen feet wide. 

A penalty is imposed upon any one who rides or drives faster than a walk 
across any such bridge. 

The manner of establishing, vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known 
to all township officers, that it is sufficient here to say that the first step is by 
petition, filed in the Auditor's office, addressed in substance as follows : 

The Board of Supervisors of County : The undersigned asks that 

a highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating 

at , be established, vacated or altered (as the case may be.) 

When the petition is filed, all necessary and succeeding steps will be shown 
and explained to the petitioners by the Auditor. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 303 



ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. 



Any person competent to make a will can adopt as his own the minor child 
of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ- 
ated, and if divorced or separated, or if unmarried, the consent of the parent 
lawfully having the custody of the child ; or if either parent is dead, then the 
consent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and 
remain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where 
the child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court 
of the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing, 
signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if 
known, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such 
child, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the 
child is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is 
given to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child. 

The person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall 
acknowledge the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be 
acknowledged. 

The instrument shall be recorded in the office of the County Recorder. 

SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. 

There is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor, 
who has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It 
is the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy, to make 
all surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as 
may be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist- 
ance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be 
by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but the chainmen must be disinterested 
persons and approved by the Surveyor and sworn by him to measure justly and 
impartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of 
the field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the 
office of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there- 
with. 

Their fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes, 
twenty-five cents. 

SUPPORT OF POOR. 

The father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid, 
and who is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally, 
maintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town- 
ship Trustees. 

In the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend 
to the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand- 
children who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise. 

The Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain 
a poor person, who has made application for relief, apply to the Circuit Court 
for an order to compel the same. 

Upon ten days' notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a 
hearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor 
person. 



304 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

Appeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the 
Circuit Court. 

When any person, having any estate, abandons either children, wife or hus- 
band, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for 
support, upon proof of above fact, an order may be had from the Clerk of the 
Circuit Court, or Judge, authorizing the Trustees or the Sheriff to take into 
possession such estate. 

The Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well 
as the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children, 
wife or husband. 

If the party against whom the order is issued return and support the per- 
son abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and 
the property taken returned. 

The mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township 
Trustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so well known to every 
township officer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so 
varied, that it need now only be said that it is the duty of each county to pro- 
vide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be. 



LANDLORD AND TENANT. 

A tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after- 
ward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem- 
ises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent. 

Any person in possession of real property, Avith the assent of the owner, is 
presumed to be a tenant at will until the contrary is shown. 

Thirty days' notice, in writing, is necessary to be given by either party 
before he can terminate a tenancy at will ; but when, in any case, a rent is 
reserved payable at intervals of less than thirty days, the length of notice need 
not be greater than such interval between the days of payment. In case of 
tenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the termination of 
the tenancy to take place on the 1st day of March, except in cases of field 
tenants or croppers, whose leases shall be held to expire when the crop is har- 
vested ; provided, that in case of a crop of corn, it shall not be later than the 
1st day of December, unless otherwise agreed upon. But Avhen an express 
agreement is made, whether the same has been reduced to writing or not, 
the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, Avithout notice. 

But Avhcrc an express agreement is made, whether reduced to writing or 
not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 

If such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required 
may be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises ; 
or, if the premises be vacant, by affixing tlie notice to the principal door of the 
building or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no buikling. 

The landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the 
premises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the 
premises during the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one 
year after a j^ear's rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed fixlls due ; but 
such lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the 
term. 

The lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the 
period above prescribed, for the rent alone ; and the landlord is entitled to a writ 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



305 



of attachment, upon filing an affidavit that the action is commenced to rcover 
rent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the 
affidavit. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or 
delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, 
the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit: 



Apples, Peaches or Quinces, 48 

Cherries, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40 

Strawberries, Raspberries or Blackberries, 32 

Osage Orange Seed 32 

Millet Seed 45 

Stone Coal 80 

Lime 80 

Corn in the ear 70 

Wheat 60 

Potatoes 60 

Beans 60 

Clover Seed 60 

Onions 57 

Shelled Corn 56 

Rye. 



56 

Flax Seed 56 

Sweet Potatoes 46 



Sand 130 

Sorghum Seed 30 

Broom Corn Seed go 

Buckwheat 52 

Salt 50 

Barley 48 

Corn Meal 48 

Castor Beans 46 

Timothy Seed 45 

Hemp Seed 44 

Dried Peaches 33 

Oats 33 

Dried Apples 24 

Bran 20 

Blue Grass Seed 14 

Hungarian Grass Seed 45 



Penalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs 
and five dollars addition thereto as a fine. 



DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. 

$ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed 

before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now, United States 
Currency. 

<£ means 2^ounds, English money. 

@ stands for at or to; ft) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; '^ for per or bt/ 
the. Thus, Butter sells at 20@30c f ft), and Flour at $8(a!$12 f bbl. 

% for per cent, and J for number. 

May 1. Wheat sells at $1.20@$1. 25, " seller June." Seller June means 
that the person Avho sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any 
time during the month of June. 

Selling sJiort, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock, 
at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the 
stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling "short" to depress 
the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract 
at a profit. Hence the "shorts" are termed "bears." 

Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares 
of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make 
a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs " are termed " bulls," as it is for 
their interest to "operate" so as to "toss" the prices upward as much as 
possible. 



306 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

NOTES. 

Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and 
Xjine of payment are mentioned : 

$100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876. 

Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, one hun- 
dred dollars, for value received. L. D. Lowry. 

A note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub- 
stituted for money in the above form. 

ORDERS. 

Orders should be worded simply, thus : 
Mr. F. H. Coats : Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Please pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to 

F. D. SiLVA. 

RECEIPTS. 

Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus : 

$100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Received of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services 
rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account. 

Thomas Brady. 
If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. 

BILLS OF PURCHASE. 

W. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876. 

Bought of A. A. Graham. 

4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 $6 GO 

2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 



Received payment, $6 60 

' A. A. Graham. 



CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. 



-, Iowa, , 18 — . 



after date — promises to pay to the order of , dollars, 

at , for value received, with interest at ten per cent, per annum after 

until paid. Interest payable , and on interest not paid when due, 

interest at same rate and conditions. 

A failure to pay said interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due, shall cause the 
whole note to become due and collectable at once. 

If this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, ? shall be allowed as attorney fees. 

No. — . P. 0. , . 

confession of judgment. 

— vs. — . In Court of Countv, Iowa, , of 



County, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to , in the 



I 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 307 

sum of dollars, and the further sum of $ as attorney fees, with 

interest thereon at ten per cent, from , and — hereby confess judgment 

against as defendant in favor of said , for said sum of $ , 

and $ as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of 

said county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and 

interest at 10 per cent, from , the interest to be paid . 

Said debt and judgment being for . 

It is especially agreed, however, That if this judgment is paid within twenty 

days after due, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey 

and release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so 

far as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution 
for this judgment. 

Dated , 18—. . 



The State of Iowa, "I 

County. j 

being duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego- 
ing statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to , and that — 

understood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein arQ 

true, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said ^' 

as aforesaid. 



Sworn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said 



this day of , 18 — . , Notary Public. 



ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. 

An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing 
in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an 
agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble. 
No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly 
stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable consideration. 

GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. 

This Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John 
Jones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thomas 
Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement 
of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to 
and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market- 
able condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November, 
of this year. One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at 
the following specified times ; namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov- 
ember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty-five 
tons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered 
by the thirtieth of November. 

And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment 
of this contract, on the part of the party of the first part, contracts to and agrees 
with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton 
as feoon as delivered. 



308 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is herebj 
stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other, One Hun- 
dred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. 

In witness Avhereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first 
above written. John Jones, 

Thomas Whiteside. 

agreement with clerk for services. 

This Agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred 
and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, 
State of Iowa, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of McGregor, 
County of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that Said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently to 
work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during the space 
of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of time, -without 
absenting himself from his occupation ; during which time he, the said Barclay, in 
the store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing 
and performing all duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in 
all respects as directed and desired by the said Stone. 

In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Barclay, the 
said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol- 
lars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each 
month ; provided that all dues for days of absence from business by said Barclay, 
shall be deducted from the sum otherwise by the agreement due and payable by 
the said Stone to the said Barclay. 

Witness our hands. Reuben Stone. 

George Barclay. 

BILLS OF SALE. 

A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consideration to 
convey his right and interest in the personal property. The jmrchaser must 
take actual possession of the property/, or the bill of sale must he acknowledged 
and recorded. 

COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. 

Know all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington, 
Iowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten 
Dollars, to me paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, the 
receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do 
convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his executors, administra- 
tors and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the 
arm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, 
sixteen sheep, and five cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm 
aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his 
executors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, 
agree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to 
warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels unto 
the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and 
every person whatsoever. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day of 
October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. 

Louis Clay. 



I 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 309 

NOTICE TO QUIT. 

To John Wontpay : 

You are hereby notified to quit the possession of the premises you now 
occupy to wit : 

\_Insert Description.~\ 

on or before thirty days from the date of this notice. 

Dated January 1, 1878. Landlord. 

\_Reverse for Notice to Landlord.^ 

GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL 

PROPERTY. 

I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State 
of Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of 
sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last will and tes- 
tament, in manner following, to-wit : 

First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans- 
field, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third 
National Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself, in the 
Township of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the 
houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging ; to have and to hold 
unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. 

Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna 
Louise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank 
stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio ; and also, each one 
quarter section of land, owned by myself, situated in theTownship of Fairfield, 
and recorded in my name in the Recorder's office, in the county where such land 
is located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is 
devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise. 

Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five 
shares of railroad stock in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred 
and sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan, 
with all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said 
real estate is recorded in niy name, in the county where situated. 

Fourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household 
furniture, goods, chattels and personal property, about my home, not hitherto 
disposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third 
National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home 
farm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law 
— said farm being my present place of residence. 

Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income 
from rents of my store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during 
the term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert to 
my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said 
father. 

Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my wife, Victoria 
Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to relinquish her 



310 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to my 
above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. 

Aiid lastly. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will 
and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and mv eldest son, Sidney 
H. Mansfield. 

I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid 
from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of 
such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for- 
ever. 

In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament, 
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred 
and seventy-two. 

Charles Mansfield. 
Signed, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes- 
ment, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence, and in 
the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses 
thereof. Peter A. Schenck, Dubuque, Iowa, 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa. 

CODICIL. 

Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testament, I do now, by 
this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. 

Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise, 
has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three ; and whereas, 
a son has been born to me, which son is now christened Richard Albert Mans- 
field, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and 
title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, 
Anna Louise, in the body of this will. 

In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of 
March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield. 

Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles Mans- 
field, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And 
we, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have 
subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa, 
John C. Shay, Bellevue, low^a. 



{Form No. 1.) 

SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE. 



State of Iowa, . 

ss* 



County, j 

of the County of , State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge 



that a certain Indenture of , bearing date the day of , A. D 

18 — , made and executed by and , his wife, to said on 

iche following described Real Estate, in the County of , and State of 

Iowa, to-wit : (here insert description) and filed for record in the office of the 
Recorder of the County of , and State of Iowa, on the day of , 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 311 

A. D. 18 — , at o'clock . M. ; and recorded in Book of Mortgage 

Records, on page , is redeemed, paid off, satisfied and discharged in full. 

. [seal.] 

State of Iowa, ' 
County, 



ss. 



Be it Remembered, That on this day of , A. D. 18 — , before 

me the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeai-ed , 

to me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above 

(satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature 

thereto to be voluntary act and deed. 

Witness my hand and seal, the day and year last above 

written. . 



ONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, and 

State of , in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by of 

County, and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said 

the following described premises, situated in the County , and State of 

, to wit : (here insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the 

said that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from 

incumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey 

the same ; and do hereby covenant to warrant and defend the same against 

the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that 

the said shall pay the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

And the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the 
above described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes 
necessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an 

attorney's fee for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her 

right of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises. 
Signed to day of , A. D. 18—. 



[Acknowledge as in Form No. 1.] 



SECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

This Indenture, made and executed by and between of the 

county of and State of , part of the first part, and of the 

county of and State of party of the second part, Witnesseth, that the 

said part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sura of dollars, 

paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby 
acknowledged, \mve granted and sold, and do by these presents, grant, bargain, 
sell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs and 



312 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

assigns forever, the certain tract or parcel of real estate situated in the county 
of and State of , described as follows, to-wit : 

{Here insert description.) 

The said part of the first part represent to and covenant with the part of 
the second part, that he have good right to sell and convey said premises, 
that they are free from encumbrance and that he will warrant and defend 
them against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever, and do expressly 
hereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and 
convey all rights of homestead therein. 

This Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con- 
ditions, to-wit : 

First. Said first part agree to pay said or order 

Second. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if 
he shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the 
rate often per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this 
mortgage shall stand as security for the same. 

Third. Said first part further agree that he will pay all taxes and 
assessments levied upon said real estate before the same become delinquent, and 
if not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money 
herein secured due and collectable at once, or he may elect to pay such taxes or 
assessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent, 
per annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so paid. 
Fourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said 

money, either principal or interest, within days after the same becomes 

due ; or fail to conform or comply with any of the foregoing conditions or agree- 
ments, the whole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and 
this mortgage may thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said 
money, interest and costs. 

Fifth. Said part further agree that in the event of the non-payment of either 
principal, interest or taxes when due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure 
of this mortgage, an attorney's fee of dollars shall become due and pay- 
able, and shall be by the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as security 
therefor, and the same shall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall 
be made by the Sheriff on general or special execution with the other money, 
interest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note 
described herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged 

by the laws of , where the same is made. The foregoing conditions 

being performed, this conveyance to be void, otherwise of full force and virtue. 



[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 



FORM OF LEASE. 



This Article of Agreement, Made and entered into on this day of 

A. D. 187-, by and between , of the county of , and 



State of Iowa, of the first part, and , of the county of ■ 

and State of Iowa, of the second part, witnesseth that the said party of the first 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 313 

part has this day leased unto the party of the second part the following described 

premises, to wit : 

\_Here insert description.'^ 

for the term of from and after the — day of , A. D. 187- a:^ 

the rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : 

[^Here insert Terms.'] 

And it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if 
default be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law- 
ful for the said party of the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain 
for such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry 
and detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of 
1873 ; or he may use any or all of said remedies. 

And the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first 
part the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by 
reason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the 

second part, or persons family, or in employ, or by superior force 

and inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants 

that will use the said premises as a , and for no other purposes 

whatever ; and that especially will not use said premises, or permit the 

same to be used, for any unlawful iDusiness or purpose whatever ; that will 

not sell, assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent 

of the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at 

the election of the party of the first part ; and that Avill use all due care 

and diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees, 
vines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals ; 

that will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now 

are, or may at any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force, 
inevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of 

the lessee, or persons of family, or in employ, excepted ; and that 

at the expiration of this lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said 

covenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, quit 

and surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi- 
tion as reasonable use, natural Avear and decay thereof will permit, damages by 
fire as aforesaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, only excepted. 

In witness whereof, th$ said parties have subscribed their names on the date 
first above written. 

In presence of 



FORM OF NOTE. 

,18- 



On or before the — day of , 18 — , for value received, I promise to 

pay or order, dollars, Avith interest from date until paid, 

at ten per cent, per annum, payable annually, at . Unpaid interest 

shall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest 

within days after due, the whole sum, principal and interest, shall become 

due at once. 



314 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



CHATTEL MORTGAGE. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County, and 

State of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by , of 

County and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the 

following described personal property, now in the possession of in the 

county and State of , to wit : 

\_Here insert Description .'\ 

And do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from 

any incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in 
and to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This 
conveyance to be void upon condition that the said grantor shall pay to said 
grantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date hercAvith, for 

tlfe sum of dollars, 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

The grantor to pay all taxes on said property, and if at any time any part 
or portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by 
sale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes, 
whether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure, 

including $ Attorney's fees, and whatever remains after paying off said 

notes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor. 

Signed the day of , 18 — . . 

[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] . 



WARRANTY DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County and 

State of , in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by 

of , County and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto 

the said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises, 

situated in the County of , State of Iowa, to-wit : 

[^Here insert description.'] 

And I do hereby covenant with the said that — lawfully seized in fee 

simple, of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance ; that — ha good 
right and lawful authority to sell the same, and — do hereby covenant to war- 
rant and defend the said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, against 
the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever ; and the said hereby re- 
linquishes all her right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described 
premises. 

Signed the day of , A. D. 18—. 

in presence of 



[Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.] 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 315 



QUIT-CLAIM DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents: That , of County, 

State of , in consideration of the sum of dollars, to — in hand 

paid by , of County, State of , the receipt whereof — do 

hereby acknowledge,have bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents 

do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to — heirs and assigns 

forever, all — right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and 
in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following 
described premises, to wit : [here insert description] with all and singular the 
hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging. 

Signed this day of , A. D. 18 — . 

Signed in Presence of 



[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] 



BOND FOR DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents: That of County, 

and State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and 

State of , in the sum of Dollars, to be pai 1 to the said , his 

executors or assigns, for which payment Avell and truly to be made, I bind myseL' 
firmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18 — . 

The condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to 
said obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
therein specified, of — certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the 
sum of Dollars, 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , Avith interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for | , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

and pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, then said obligor 
shall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of 
real estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol- 
lows, to wit: [here insert description,] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual 
covenants, duly executed and acknowledged. 

If said obligee should fail to make the payments as above stipulated, or any 
part thereof, as the same becomes due, said obligor may at his option, by notice 
to the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the posses- 
sion and absolute control of said premises, time being the essence of this 
agreement. 

On the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void, 
otherwise to remain in full force and virtue; unless terminated by the obligor 
as above stipulated. 



[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 



316 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



CHARITABLE, SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 

Any three or more persons of full a;Lre, citizens of the L^nited States, 
a majority of whom shall be citizens of this State, who desire to associate 
themselves for benevolent, charitable, scientific, religious or missionary pur- 
poses, may make, sign and acknowledge, before any officer authorized to take 
the acknowledgments of deeds in this State, and have recorded in the office of 
the Recorder of the county in which the business of such society is to be con- 
ducted, a certificate in writing, in Avliich shall be stated the name or title by 
which such society shall be known, the particular business and objects of such 
society, the number of Trustees, Directors or Managers to conduct the same, and 
the names of the Trustees, Directors or Managers of such society for the first 
year of its existence. 

Upon filing for record the certificate, as aforesaid, the persons who shall 
have signed and acknowledged such certificate, and their associates and success- 
ors, shall, by virtue hereof, be a body politic and corporate by the name 
stated in such certificate, and by that they and their successors shall and may 
have succession, and shall be persons capable of suing and being sued, and may 
have and use a common seal, which they may alter or change at pleasure ; and 
they and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of taking, 
receiving, purchasing and holding real and personal estate, and of making by- 
laws for the management of its affairs, not inconsistent with law. 

The society so incorporated may, annually or oftener, elect from its members 
its Trustees, Directors or Managers at such time and place, and in such manner 
as may be specified in its by-laws, who shall have the control and management 
of the affairs and funds of the society, a majority of whom shall be a quorum 
for the transaction of business, and whenever any vacancy shall happen among 
such Trustees, Directors or Managers, by death, resignation or neglect to serve, 
such vacancy shall be filled in such manner as shall be provided by the by-laAvs 
of such society. When the body corporate consists of the Trustees, Directors or 
Managers of any benevolent, charitable, literary, scientific, religious or mis- 
sionary institution, which is or may be established in the State, and which is or 
may be under the patronage, control, direction or supervision of any synod, con- 
ference, association or other ecclesiastical body in such State, established 
agreeably to the laws thereof, such ecclesiastical body may nominate and 
appoint such Trustees, Directors or Managers, according to usages of the appoint- 
ing body, and may fill any vacancy which may occur among such Trustees, 
Directors or Managers; and when any such institution may be under the 
patronage, control, direction or supervision of two or more of such synods, con- 
ferences, associations or other ecclesiastical bodies, such bodies may severally 
nominate and appoint such proportion of such Trustees, Directors or Managers 
as shall be agreed upon by those bodies immediately concerned. And any 
vacancy occurring among such appointees last named, shall be filled by the 
synod, conference, association or body having appointed the last incumbent. 

In case any election of Trustees, Directors or Managers shall not be made 
on the day designated by the by-laws, said society for that cause shall not be 
dissolved, but such election may take place on any other day directed by such 
by-laws. 

Any corporation formed under this chapter shall be capable of taking, hold- 
ing or receiving property by virtue of any devise or bequest contained in any 
last will or testament of any person whatsoever; but no person leaving a wife, 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS, 317 

cliild or parent, shall devise or bequeath to such institution or corporation more 
than one-fourth of his estate after the payment of his debts, and such device or 
bequest shall be valid only to the extent of such one-fourth. 

Any corporation in this State of an academical character, the memberships 
of which shall consist of lay members and pastors of churches, delegates to any 
synod, conference or council holding its annual meetings alternately in this and 
one or more adjoining States, may hold its annual meetings for the election of 
officers and the transaction of business in any adjoining State to this, at such 
place therein as the said synod, confei'enceor council shall hold its annual meet- 
ings; and the elections so held and business so transacted shall be as legal and 
binding as if held and transacted at the place of business of the corporation in 
this State. 

The provisions of this chapter shall not extend or apply to any association- 
or individual who shall, in the certificate filed with the Recorder, use or specify 
a name or style the same as that of any previously existing incorporated society 
in the county. 

The Trustees, Directors or stockholders of any existing benevolent, char- 
itable, scientific, missionary or religious corporation, may, by conforming to the 
requirements of Section 1095 of this chapter, re-incorporate themselves or con- 
tinue their existing corporate powers, and all the property and effects of such 
existing corporation shall vest in and belong to the corporation so re-incorporated, 
or continued. 



INTOXICATING LIQUORS. 

No intoxicating liquors (alcohol, spirituous and vinous liquors), except wine 
manufactured from grapes, currants or other fruit grown in the State, shall be 
manufactured or sold, except for mechanical, medicinal, culinary or sacramental 
purposes ; and even such sale is limited as follows : 

Any citizen of the State, except hotel keepers, keepers of saloons, eating 
houses, grocery keepers and confectioners, is permitted to buy and sell, Avithin 
the county of his residence, such liquors for such mechanical, etc., purposes 
only, provided he shall obtain the consent of tlie Board of Supervisors. In 
order to get that consent, he must get a certificate from a majority of the elec- 
tors of the town or township or ward in which he desires to sell, that he is of 
good moral character, and a proper person to sell such liquors. 

If the Board of Supervisors grant him permission to sell such liquors, he 
must give bonds, and shall not sell such liquors at a greater profit than thirty- 
three per cent, on tie cost of the same. Any person having a permit to sell, 
shall make, on the last Saturday of every month, a return in writing to the 
Auditor of the county, showing the kind and quantity of the liquors purchased 
by him since the date of his last report, the price paid, and the amount of 
freights paid on ihe same ; also the kind and quantity of liquors sold by him 
since the date of his last report; to whom sold ; for Avhat purpose and at what 
price; also the kind and quantity of litpiors on hand; which report shall be 
sworn to by the person having the permit, and shall be kept by the Auditor, 
subject at all times to the inspection of the public. 

No person shall sell or give away any intoxicating liquors, including wine or 
beer, to any minor, for any purpose whatever, except upon written order of 
parent, guardian or family physician ; or sell the same to an intoxicated person 
or a person in the habit of becoming intoxicated. 



318 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

Any person who shall mix any intoxicating liquor -with any beer, wine or 
cider, by him sold, and shall sell or keep for sale, as a beverage, such mixture, 
shall be punished as for sale of intoxicating liquor. 

But nothing in the chapter containing the laws governing the sale or pro- 
hibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors, shall be construed to forbid the sale by 
the imi)orter theriof of foreign intoxicating liquor, imported under the author- 
ity of the laws of the United States, regarding the importation of such liquors, 
and in accordance with such laws ; provided that such licjuor, at the time of the 
sale by the importer, remains in the original casks or packages in which it was 
by liiin imported, and in quantities not less than the quantities in which the 
laws of the United States require such liquors to be imported, and is sold by 
him in such original casks or packages, and in said quantities only. 

All payment or compensation for intoxicating liquor sold in violation of the 
laws of this State, whether such payments or compensation be in money, goods, 
lands, labor, or anything else whatsoever, shall be held to have been received in viola- 
tion of law and equity and good conscience, and to have been received upon a 
valid promise and agreement of the receiver, in consideration of the receipt 
thereof, to pay on demand, to the person furnishing such consideration, the 
amount of the money on the just value of the goods or other things. 

All sales, transfers, conveyances, mortgages, liens, attachments, pledges and 
securities of every kind, which, either in whole or in part, shall have been made 
on account of intoxicating liquors sold contrary to law, shall be utterly null and 
void. 

Negotiable paper in the hands of holders thereof, in good faith, for valuable 
considei'ation, without notice of any illegality in its inception or transfer, how- 
ever, shall not be affected by the above provisions. Neither shall the holder of 
land or other property who may have taken the same in good faith, Avithout 
notice of any defect in the title of the person from whom the same was 
taken, growing out of a violation of the liquor law, be affected by the above 
provision. 

Every wife, child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person, who shall be 
injured in person or property or means of support, by an intoxicated person, or 
in consequence of the intoxication, has a right of action against any person who 
shall, by selling intoxicating li(juors, cause the intoxication of such person, for 
all damages actually sustained as well as exemplary damages. 

For any damages recovered, the personal and real property (except home- 
stead, as now provided) of the person against whom the damages are recovered, 
as well as the premises or property, personal or real, occu])ied and used by him, 
with consent and knowledge of owner, either for manufacturing or selling intox- 
icating li((uors contrary to law, shall be liable. 

The only other exemption, besides the homestead, from this sweeping liability, 
is that the defendant may have enough for the support of his family for six 
months, to be determined by the ToAvnship Trustee. 

No ale, Avine, beer or other malt or vinous li([uors shall be sold within two 
miles of the corporate limits of any municipal corporation, except at Avholesale, 
for the purpose of shipment to places outside of sucli corporation and such tAvo- 
mile limits. The poAvcr of the corporation to prohibit or license sale of liquors 
not prohibited by laAV is extended over the two miles. 

No ale, Avine, beer or other malt or vinous licjuors shall be sold on the day 
on which any election is held under the laws of this State, Avithin tAvo miles of 
the place Avhere said election is held; except only that any person holding a 
permit may sell upon the prescription of a practicing physician. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



319 



SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIP- 

TION. 

The business of puhlisTiing hooks hy subscription, having so often been 
brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not 
authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possible, and 
that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to 
their principal, and the law governing such cases, the following statement is 
made : 

A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which 
the subscriber agrees io pay a certain sum for the work described; the consid- 
eration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and 
deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price named. T/ie 
nature and character of the work is described by the prospectus and sample 
shown. These should be carefully examined before subscribing, as they are 
the basis and consideration of the promi&e to pay, and not the too often exag- 
gerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, 
for which he is usually ^;a2f? a commission for each subscriber, and has no 
authority to change or alte-^ the conditions upon which the subscriptions are 
authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to 
make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the 
publisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to bi7id the ptrinci- 
pal, the subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or 
in connection with his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the 
same. 

All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any 
other business, should remember tliat the law as tvritten is, that they can not be 
altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in ivriting. 
It is therefore important that all persotis coyitemplating subscribing should 
distinctly understand that all talk before or after the subscription is made, is not 
admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. 

Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- 
vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed 
mode, and have no authority to do it any other way to the prejudice of their 
principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not 
collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. 
They can not extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind 
their principal for the payment of expeiises incurred in their business. 

It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, 
before sigyiing their names to any subscription book, or any Avritten instrument, 
would examine carefully what it is ; if they can not read themselves call on 
some one disinterested who can. 




STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE OF IOWA (CENSUS OF 1875.) 



COUXTIES. 



Appanoose 

Ahunakt'e 

Audulioii 

Adams 

Adair 

Buena Vista . 

Benton 

Boone 

Butler 

Bremer 

Black Hawk.. 

Buchanan 

Clay 

Cherokee 

Cass 

Crawford 

Cedar 

Cerro Gordo. . 

Clayton 

Clinton 

Chicka.saw 

•Carroll 

•Clarke 

Calhoun 

Davis 

Decatur 

Dubuqa • 

Des Moines... 

Delaware 

Dickinson 

Dallas 

Emmet 

Floyd 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Grundy 

Green 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Humboldt 

Howard 

Harrison 

Hancock 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Jefferson 

Keokuk 

Kossuth 

Lee 

Lucas 

Lyon 

JLinn 

Louisa 

Mitchell 

ilahaska 

Marion 

Mills 

Madison 

Monroe 

Marshall 

Monon;!.. 

Muscatine 

MontgomiTV.. 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Folk 

Pochahontas.. 
Pottuwaitimiit 

Powesheik 

Page 

Plymouth 

Palo Alto 

Ringgold 

Scott 

Story 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Sac 

Taylor 

Tama 

Union 

Van Buren 

IVayno 

Warren 

■\Vinnc.slM;ik ... 

"Woodbury 

"Worth 

"Washington .. 

"Webster 

"Winnobafio 

"Wright 

Wapello 



Total"-. 



Xo. of 


No. of 


Acres 


Acres 


of Im- 


Unim- 


l)roved 


provud 


Laud. 


Land. 


161039 


161(183 


msi 


156821 


211J6 


23819 


65159 


43735 


a-JlS2 


55680 


3311S 


37034 


297518 


53911 


]5G1)37 


71810 


]4'Jlt)d 


58908 


145JU7 


47001 


2J30i3 


150381 


19U.JU 


71418 


3705J 


39919 


54G3S 


28974 


110864 


45304 


.5S05S 


28:5414 


248SG9 


41417 


5ii),iU 


309S95 


212291 


151908 


29.(8.55 


57337 


96)04 


94772 


5St;65 


309744 


9S(;94 


50487 


26996 




1.50 JSS 


116003 


115T.->1 


87172 


187S31 


98561 


1J36C5 


58165 


472029 


6-2305 


13770 


29850 


132135 


57765 


9989 


2.55S6 


]4;098 


32130 


179)04 


98156 


69359 


43 46 


11. 59 J? 


198332 


14^059 


47926 


59910 


49838 


87259 


47220 


128S31 


39930 


29114 


36906 


1153J3 


171018 


948 IS 


837451 


10162 


341615 


63963 


39335 


182030 


50249 


7292 


9194 


191011 


89357 


1932 JO 


142401 


241021 


71237 


278881 


179752 


20S907 


63i98 


167389 


66979 


203125 


98999 


31550 


48793 


183S32 


78692 


103952 


59757 


15S;2 


8I8SI1 


281118 


62649 


151007 


52922 


126.384 


70176 


232398 


122 190 


199369 


82779 


141512 


53601 


161998 


183709 


102215 


78206 


223735 


475.32 


52242 


56278 


17S945 


48^32 


104C33 


50607 


33626 


32070 


18190 


81106 


207GS9 


56841 


21928 


83572 


121630 


419189 


20SD89 


48697 


136782 


175171 


5S233 


519i2 


18517 


32225 


18100 


58329 


23.-.515 


19123 


143649 


43374 


53180 


893 >6 


3JS24 


867394 


31336 


47201 


102861 


235515 


255182 


90222 


57005 


33216 


153674 


993 ;8 


147766 


6679.T 


191265 


167178 


2461 4C 


131670 


44175 


57097 


48927 


4.3937 


223176 


53:^32 


9723S 


61744 


17.38S 


30625 


33516 


32337 


150209 


63491 


12627830 


8410435 



No. of 
Acres 
under 
Culti- 
vation 
in 1874. 



Ii5188 
109388 
15986 
5435 
66265 
27010 
239408 
108642 
124S 
104S10 
181256 
157210 
33375 
45112 
92785 
15262 
16648.' 
48618 
173622 



74104 

39159 

78S03 

26618 

131.39 

9')27: 

146244 

97618 

161337 

11961 

114625 

838 

110708 

1337.38 

65390 

103039 

135108 

52323 

76S92 

97765 

27013 

61871 

72287 

9J05 

52030 

110331 

6514 

153188 

142101 

193019 

21C949 

140681 

123590 

149672 

2SS35 

lS3-,80 

88857 

127C6 

17363.- 

10>l06(i 

91133 

1.30 68 

153214 

993;U 

137979 

91730 

117303 

39314 

129699 

86026 

26:31 

14651 
1404.30 
19219 
90679 
171 
11.' 
41379 
16679 
50373 
183742 
9933 
4723J 
33315 
24179 
79142 
214941 
45326 
113263 
1 1 7CS9 
15373 
259169 
3309 
3215 
157S84 
70910 
12121 
2S9.3 
135173 



Spring "Wheat. 
-^P- °/ I Bushels 



Acres. 



Harv'l'd 



9606 
61880 

6876 
1794 
27550 
15514 
99406 
32.305 
5790 
48878 
89361 
64291 
17481 
31693 
40123 
21000 
4016 
28199 
86883 
68683 
40162 
26756 
17968 
11040 

5378 

8211 
49240 
10615 
60401 

5701 
29256 

8911 
62067 
60779 
31096 
13229 
67384 
19391 
27489 
38464 
12016 
36115 
23948 

43S9! 
20876, 
15026 

3108 
48410 
43515 
45306 
79926 
36090 
16237 
33278 
10798 
10351 
13954 

8132 
52178 
19164 
65534 
31362 
45136 
24.385 
875.33 
11638 
69S93 
15331 
82375 

1381 
14904 

8769 
S76S6 

7434 
33369 
57312 
22689 
83628 

8606 
10926 
4769S 
26G58 
22029 
22J9: 
110.36 
15446 
97013 
10.386 

7435 
1037 
4217 
11217 
15 M 
23092 
41616 
30354 

8939 
13629 
17368 



937639 

89235 

281376 

435014 

162 _ 

1343K66 

42923 

77916 

644793 

1103024 

812342 

153159 

401507 

676-209 

324894 

640311 

415463 

135125 

1010345 

64.3319 

810161 

217090 

10J631 

30993 

7il69 

634135 

113396 

71728 

25822 

4458 IS 

1510 

9ll43y 

863670 

435909 

206901 

9766J7 

2.37 7C0 

393374 

497-251 

20902 

582803 

143701 

70000 

2946S2 

1802-20 

48815 

670-247 

550«10 

666779 

1107170 

462478 

164904 

868328 

13139 

72624 

153587 

76742 

656597 

189939 

1083811 

89.3532 

5-29663 

812961 

628314 

101413 

11253S-> 

183811 

416471 

551539 

157526 

74737 

5633S9 

80774 

588971 

762SC6 

355792 

442736 

23208 

7a851 

762315 

830S97 

317944 

251280 

110094 

206813 

1437897 

141188 

58803 

76346 

654679 

181 3463 

278373 

410487 

469879 

391031 

16-2281 

196166 

157535 



"Winter "Wheat. 



No. of I 



Indian Corn. 



Oats. 



Acres ! Bushels i";". H"^l't'ls V":"' Bushels j.„ .'„ 



1049 

181 

10 

7 

70 



1 47 
12 
3 
3 
7 

10 

53 9 

817 

84 



205 
189 
32 
25 
263 
21 



63 



12-20 
10 
323 
1-23 
40 



ia3:;8 
1964 



174 
3300 



295 

"•iaiso' 

4;8 

('3 

20 

55 

].-,0 

56405 

12239 

17-20 

117310 

50 



7 


186 


::::::::::::";::': 


46 


968 


841 


16(i-23 


2 

22 


44 

cto 






84 


1200 






9041 


113203 


36 
491 

100 


1080 
7942 
1274 


31 
6192 
148 
140 
15400 
81 


409 
66739 
1363 

' "260467' 
8-29 
54 


12 
1388 


160 
16267 



2697 
2212 
543 

484 
5534 
200 



6-29 
166 



394 
■475 



20235 
160 

"r,ii2 
618 
20 









10 


214 


8068 


10928 
143 
61 


960 

121854 

1236 

910 










1439 
5 


14193 


11 


270 



64871 
243-25 

9225 
25474 
30SCO 

7888 
83-244 
46151 
S8685 
28754 
56392 
48831 

8797 

9439 
40582 

17957 
78-224 

9312 
37918 
89297 
16821 
16014 
S9066 
10656 
62127 
50484 
67118 
10-29-24 
56150 

3183 
576.32 

2197 
26462 
37091 
24066 
73845 
40175 
7a-W37 
38902 
41304 

9998 

9916 
447-20 

2067 
20441 
6-2672 

2301 
62518 
53962 
77142 
100217 
654-23 
55061 
75697 

9781 
59363 
47022 

2645 
91773 
49642 
11274 
83775 
84630 
59543 
69494 
45575 
67699 
21577 
54760 
39251 

6379 

2510 
77497 

8931 
47238 
86748 
71336 
10097 

6641 
35613 
59071 
51273 
17674 

6780 

8662 
48260 
73231 
24063 
50211 
63625 
80280 
27185 
14647 

8330 
73263 
2S713 

1374 
10039 
57035 



•2383-243 

905920 

394655: 

969777 
11021-2S 

228231 
33-2S921 
1595752 
1-270878 
1026641 
1939390 
181 1-2.30 

1801-20 

315215 
1901062 

64S638 
2843921 

263443 
1471263 
3061333 

514-279 

550041 
158O260 

3511-20 
2115569 
1763140 
170-2391 
2307938 
1690)3 
44455 
2484S98 
14273 

642448 
129648(1 

758983 
17039S5 
148-2582 

783027 
1669134 
1379961 

297381 

307912 

16-20192 

57S99 

670731 
241.3670 

108465 
2713830 
1665518 
3153178 
45-2o3'-9 
1909534 
1695310 
8327-232 

119777 
2190306 
1902330 
1039(i 
S439923 
21846.33 

411961 
8768209 
883.3063 
1533976 
2953630 
1733916 
2808256 

818338 
1715973 
1441467 

106052 

17279 

3-27-2010 

229263 
1750038 
3571 105 
2239013 

17.3778 

142957 
1145937 
2-226346 
178:5477 

689536 
8-2038 

279716 
14196S0 
2842859 
1130930 
18236-22 
2405187 
3561365 

977316 

490371 

1-2-2291 
28:3-2241 

917911 
52423 

281821 
2143791 



13756 

1-2776 

788 

3931 

4455 

2791 

13490 

10101 

13827 

14-2.39 

16804 

17431 

44:J6 

3545 

9079 

2902 

20243 

7199 

20c 24 

23704 

11744 

3238 

12337 

2993 

13643 

10555 

23115 

9-242 

20377 

2403 

9937 

1549 

15461 

20770 

9532 

5419 

11786 

4227 

4145 

10982 

8974 

10210 

8462 

1"53 

5108 

13393 

455 

117.36 

23652 

17760 

15-267 

18260 

14005 

15582 

5143 

11817 

12665 

8477 

22670 

6792 

14078 

lt;646 

10937 

65-28 

8743 

11512 

13611 

2304 

13-287 

53-22 

8107 

1390 

12188 

2541 

5278 

11416 

9758 

4161 

2979 

9118 

15915 

11273 

2254 

4591 

8035 

8718 

13574 

61-27 

12.396 

13242 

8:;91 

24307 

8072 

4445 

15701 

7491 

1327 

4184 

11,570 



4700176 'l86284542i 98-2994 29144352,$131536747 



Value of 
Products 
of Farm 



387346 
44-28-29 

33233 
141-293 
159739 

67069 
445070 
4046-20 
421719 
51S571 
5S8196 
556209 

98766 
115595 
176281 

99158 
67.383 
22i-('9 
6(i9^9: 
70-2039 
446300 
10 
867643 

73182 
845707 
344551 
643322 
287392 
632113 

37282 
835124 
3241 
4S7729 
70440 
828679 
179645 
401948 
120948 
153305 
356915 

90944 
840268 

69140 

4S816 
168262 
358-221 

140C0 
819071 
521156 
5-2-' 19 
5:3-2239 
464S24 
446128 
447603 

27857 
279069 
842164 

13789 
585648 
175 

542C62 
496248 
835746 
232689 
2S5103 
241081 
46.3245 

664 
405562 
201 C85 

53931 

2C829 
431841 

40494 

i6ai8i 
&-?356: 

34650 
1-2043- 

46859 
255007 
528868 
3432ffi» 

71676 

43096 
6599 
26965 
884469 
187748 
853698 
867396 
2S1510 
8216508 

9164 
16155 
4533-20 
207493 

45109 
135176 
29.3590 




■^5? 



s. 




HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



Jones County is situated in the eastern part of the State, bounded on the 
north by Delaware and Dubuque Counties, on the east by Jackson and Clinton 
Counties, on the south by Cedar and on the west by Linn County, and com- 
prises an area of sixteen Congressional Townships. 

The surface is undulating, with numerous slight elevations or low, conical 
hills, the valleys extending in every direction. There is considerable timber 
along the streams, and at sundry places are found groves of oak, maple, wal- 
nut, ash and Cottonwood on the prairies. The soil is fertile, and produces 
wheat, corn, oats and potatoes abundantly ; the climate is decidedly healthful, 
and the whole county is well watered by the Maquoketa and AVapsipinicon 
Rivers, wdiich traverse it in a southeasterly direction, and are fed by numerous 
tributaries. Good orchards of apples, cherries and wild plums are abundant, 
and other fruits are liberally produced in all parts of the county. Grapes, 
especially, are abundantly produced at small expense, and are destined to 
become an important product. The people are chiefly engaged in agriculture 
and stock-raising, and considerable attention is given to the dairy business, the 
products of the latter having largely increased during the last four or five 
years. A goodly number of cheese-factories and creameries are in a flourish- 
ing condition, and considerable attention is paid to the raising of fine horses 
and blooded stock. 

Coal is' not to be found, but the quarries of building-stone are the best in 
the State, fully equal in quality to the celebrated building-stone at Joliet, 111., 
and much more easily obtained. Lead has been discovered in small quantities 
in the eastern part of the county, but not in sufficient quantities to pay for 
working. 

The general productiveness of the county is equal to any portion of the 
State. The inhabitants are mostly Americans, and are an industrious and 
frugal people. 

The first settlers located at Bowen's Prairie and at Monticello in 1836, in 
Fairview and Clay Townships in 1837 and at Anamosa in 1838. Wyoming, 
Rome, Jackson, Wayne, etc., were settled at about the same time, and some of 
them before 1838. 

The facts herein recorded have been obtained from the old settlers them- 
selves, from papers published in the county and from the county records. 

GEOLOGY. 

We are indebted to His Honor, Mayor Amos V. Eaton, of Anamosa, for the 
following in reference to the geology of the county. Mayor Eaton is quite an 

A 



324 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

industrious student of the natural history of the county and State, and has 
succeeded, through his own efforts, in collecting and arranging a valuable 
cabinet, comprising all the important specimens of this portion of the State, and 
many valuable specimens from other portions of the United States and the 
Canadas : 

The geological formation of Jones County is almost wholly within the 
Upper Silurian age and the Niagara period. The Devonian laps over upon a 
small portion of Greenfield Township. The Upper Silurian exposure in the 
State is something in the shape of a pyramid, with its base of about fifty miles 
in width on the Mississippi River, and includes the county of Clinton and a 
larf^e portion of the counties of Jackson and Scott, tapering to a width of not 
more than four or five miles on the Minnesota line, in Howard County, with a 
leno-th of 160 miles, extending northwest and southeast. The thickness of the 
formation is set down at 350 feet. 

In the early surveys of the State, the Niagara period was divided into the 
Niagara and the Le Claire epochs or formations ; but subsequent surveys and 
examinations determined the fact that it properly all belongs to the Niagara 
epoch. The rock of the formation is a magnesia limestone, and, in an economic 
view, one of the most important in the State. Prof. White makes the state- 
ment that it affords the- best and greatest amount of quarry rock of any forma- 
tion in the State of Iowa. Wherever this rock is exposed in Jones County, it 
furnishes a great abundance of material for the common uses of the inhabitants. 
The exposure of this stone near Anamosa is of such wonderful regularity in the 
stratification and such uniformity of texture that the stone can be wrought into 
any desired shape or size with little expense. Some of the stone come from 
their beds as smooth and even as though they had been run through a planing- 
machine, not requiring the touch of the chisel. Another very fortunate thing, 
there are no intervening strata of clay or other material to impede the labors 
of the quarrymen. This stone weighs about one hundred and fifty pounds per 
cubic foot, getting a little heavier as you go down the quarry. The strength 
and durability of the stone has been tested under all manner of conditions for 
years, and it is all that could be reasonably expected of a limestone. Exposure 
to the atmosphere improves it, making it harder. The analysis of the stone, 
as given by Prof. White in his report, is as follows : 

Insoluble in acid .72 

Ftrrous and ferric acid -23 

Calcium carbonate 57.32 

Magnesium 41.21 

Moisture 31 

09.70 
One noteworthy fiict, geologically, in relation to these special quarries, is 
that there is hardly any fossil remains to be found in them, Avhile they are 
quite abundant in other places not far away. A few traces of coral are found, 
and a formation that has not been determined as yet, although examined by 
some eminent geologists. They are about one-half inch long and as large as a 
knitting-needle ; and, as far as can be seen, they are exactly alike and often 
occur in ihnumerable numbers, in a single slab of stone. The impression is 
more often seen, however, and indeed it is not certain whether they are fossils 
at all or not. A flint nodule of very beautiful structure is found, being many 
times found in layers of strata, and furnishing very unique cabinet specimens. 
Pockets containing quartz and lime crystals frequently occur that are elegant 
in appearance. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 325' 

The surface soil of Jones County is composed of what is termed drift and 
alluvial soils, the former largely predominating, as the flood-plane or bottom- 
land of the rivers is not great. Prof White estimates that 95 per cent of the 
land in Iowa is tillable, and Jones County is quite equal to the average. If 
Prof. White's estimate of the State is not exaggerated, there is probably no- 
other area of territory of the extent (55,000 square miles) in the world, that 
can furnish as good and as large a per cent of tillable land as the State of 
Iowa. 

The soil of the county possesses the ingredients and depth to make it inex- 
haustible with fair dealing, and insuring its inhabitants an agricultural wealth 
forever. 

There is enough of good brick clay in the county to furnish its inhabitants 
with brick for all time to come. And there is sand enough along the streams, 
that has been sifted from the soil by the action of the water, to furnish the 
requisite quantity for building purposes, and an endless amount of stone that 
makes good (quick) lime. 

The county is almost destitute of minerals as far as known ; a few isolated 
specimens of iron ore have been found, and traces of iron in the rock material 
are sometimes seen. As the Silurian age is below the coal formations, it would 
be useless to look for coal in the county. 

The paleontology, or fossil remains, of Jones County has been almost 
wholly neglected or overlooked by the State geologists, in their surveys and 
reports, and very little has been written upon the subject; and while we can- 
not claim as much of interest in this direction as many counties of the State^ 
still there is abundance of material to interest the geologist. The Silurian 
formation is one of extreme age. Some geologists of authority have put it 
down as having taken millions of years in its formation. And as it was- 
the first in which life began to show itself on the globe — life in the simplest 
form — it is called the age of mollusks, because they are so predominant. 
The word mollusk means soft, and the animals are composetl of a soft^ 
fleshy bag, containing a very simple digestive apparatus. Many of them 
are without eyes, and are generally covered with a shell as a means of 
protection. The clam, snail and oyster are familiar examples of this class^ 
now living ; but many of the fossils now found are the remains of species 
now extinct. 

IIo"^ever, the fossil remains of this county are composed quite as largely of 
the class called radiates, which are quite as simple in structure, and might be 
called the stepping-stone from the vegetable to the animal kingdom. The 
corals and crinoids are examples of this class. 

Much of the rock exposure in the county is nearly destitute of fossils^ 
while in others they are very numerous. The following are the more common 
ones found in Jones County : 

Several species of the favosites corals (honeycomb corals) are very numer- 
ous ; two or three species of halysitcs (chain corals) ; a number of sijringorop- 
ora (pipe coral); cyatJioplLylloid ; stromatapora ; chonophyUum (cup coral) and 
helioiites. 

All the above are found in one locality along the Maquoketa River, a few 
miles east of Monticello, in such quantities that Avagon-loads may be gathered 
of those that lie loose on the surface of the bluffs. 

Other species of corals are found in various parts of the county, that are 
more rare, and many that seem to be peculiar to this formation. Two species^ 
at least, of pentameroiis are occasionally found, but are much more numerous 



326 HISTORY OF JOXES COUNTV. 

over the line in Linn County. Crinoid remains are very common in many 
places. 

One locality near Anamosa, on the Wapsipinicon River, at Doan's Mill, 
the stone is entirely made up of them, but it is so rotten and fragmentary in 
character that complete specimens are obtained with difficulty. Enough of 
comparatively perfect crinoid heads have been found to identify several species. 
The stone is sufficiently made up of thera to justly entitle it to the name of 
crinoid limestone. 

Fossil shells are not numerous, but several species, both of the bivalve and 
univalve, have been found. 

Trilobites are very rare in this county, although in some of the Silurian 
formations they are numerous; 500 species of this crustacean once existed, all 
of Avhich are now extinct. (Dana.) 

During this season, a point of rocks has been opened near the iron bridge 
across the Buffalo at Fisherville, v/here the trilobites are quite numerous. The 
quarryraen inform me they found at least 100 in number, and that they only 
occur in one or two strata, as far as j^et developed. Only three other ones have 
been found in the county, to my knowledge. 

Several ammonites have been found, but they are also rare ; 900 species of 
these animals once existed and are now extinct. (Dana.) 

Several species of the orthoceras and also of the ormoceras are met with, 
although they are not often found complete. 

Specimens of so-called iron-stone and agatized flint are often found, and, 
indeed, the flint formations of the county often take on a wonderful variety of 
forms and fantastic shapes. The variety called the jasper is frequently found. 
Specimens of what is termed forest rock are sometimes found in the quar- 
ries, and are thought by some to be fossil ferns. It is simply a precipitate 
of oxide of manganese. Fossils of the vegetable kingdom are not found 
to any extent whatever. A few pieces of petrified wood have been found 
along the streams, but they are evidently foreign, and brought here by the 
drift. 

Much of that which is interesting to the student of natural history might 
be written in reference to the geology of Jones County, but the subject has 
not attracted sufficiently the attention of the inhabitants to warrant any- 
thing further in a county history. The geology of Jones County affords 
abundant opportunity to those of her citizens who may desire to gain a practi- 
cal knowledge of a subject that has entirely revolutionized the thinking world 
during the past half-century. 

COUNTY ORGANIZATION. 

The county of Jones was named and its boundaries designated at the session 
of the Wisconsin Legislature held at Burlington in the winter of 1837-38. At 
that time, the country now included in the State of Iowa belonged to, or was 
a part of, the Territory of Wisconsin. There wei'e but two counties west of 
the Mississippi River in 1836 — Des Moines and Dubuque. During the meet- 
ing of the first Territorial Legislature, in 1836-37, Des Moines County was 
subdivided, and, at the meeting of 1837-38, Dubuque County was lessened by 
the creation of Clayton, Fayette, Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, 
Clinton and Cedar Counties. Gen. George W. Jones, of Dubuque, at that 
time represented the Territory of Wisconsin in Congress. In his honor was 
the county, whose history we write, named. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 327 

Only a part of these counties were organized at that time. Jackson County 
was equipped with an Organizing Sheriff in the person of William A. Warren, 
of Bellevue. He was also, in a limited sense, made the Sheriff of Jones and 
Linn Counties ; and, for matters of court jurisdiction, Bellevue was, during 
1838 and a part of 1839, the capital of Jones and Linn Counties. An election 
precinct was designated in each of these, and the report of votes sent to 
Bellevue. 

The first Territorial Legislature, after the separation of Iowa from AYiscon- 
sin, met in Burlington November 12, 1838. During the session, the county o£ 
Jones was organized. 

The act passed by the Legislature to organize the county of Jones was as^- 
follows : 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the Council and IIouu of Representatives of the Territory of 
Iowa, That the county of Jones be, and the same is hereby, organized from and after the 1st 
day of June next, and the inhabitants of said county be entitled to all the rights and privileges 
to which, by law, the inhabitants of other organized counties of this Territory are entitled ; and 
the said county s4iall be a part of the Third Judicial District, and the District Court shall be 
held at the seat of justice in said county, or such other place as may be provided until the 
seat of justice is established. 

Sec. 2. That Simeon Gardner, of Clinton County; Israel Mitchell, of Linn County, and 
William H. Whitesides, of Dubuque County, be, and they are hereby, appointed Commissioners 
to locate the seat of justice in said county, and shall meet at the house of Thomas Denson on the 
second Monday of March next, in said county, and shall proceed forthwith to examine and 
locate a suitable place for the seat of justice of said county, having particular reference to the 
convenience of the county and healthfulness of the location. 

Sec. 3. The Commissioners, or a majority of them, shall, within ten days after their 
meeting at the aforesaid place, make out and certify to the Governor of this Territory, under 
their hands and seals, a certificate containing a parti6ular description of the location selected 
for the aforesaid county seat ; and, on receipt of such certificate, the Governor shall issue his- 
proclamation affirming and declaring the said location to be the seat of justice of the said county 
of Jones. 

Sec. 6. The Commissioners aforesaid shall receive, upon making out their certificate of the 
location of the seat of justice of saiid county, each, §3 p^er day, and also |3 for every twenty 
miles going to and returning from their respective homes. 

Sec. 7. Upon the presentation of the certificate aforesaid to the Treasurer of Jones 
County, the Treasurer is hereby authorized and required to pay the respective sums allowed by 
this act out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. 

Approved January 24, 1839. 

It seems that these men failed to carry out the provisions of this act, and 
we find the county seat not to have been located until the following year, or 
1840. In the Legislature of 1839-40, three other Commissioners were 
appointed, as follows : Thomas M. Isett, of Muscatine County ; John G. 
McDonald, of Jackson County, and Franklin Moffat, of Delaware County. 
The probability is that only two of these men served the appointment. We . 
find by the County Commissioners' books that at the July meeting, 1840, Isett 
and McDonald received $51 and $36, respectively, for their services in locating 
the county seat. Col. Thomas Cox, of Bellevue, was the surveyor. 

The first election of county officers took place in the fall of 1839. 

Of the County Commissioners elected on this occasion, only two appeared 
at the recorded meetings of the Board — Thomas Denson and Charles P. Hut- 
ton. We have been informed that the third Commissioner was H. G. Seeley. 

William Hutton was the first Clerk of the Commissioners' Court. Hugh 
Bowen was the first Sheriff of Jones County. Clark Joslin was the first 
Recorder. 

There were three polling places at the election of 1839, and were said tc 
have been three precincts — Bowen Prairie, Walnut Fork and Farm Creek. 



328 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

The Judges of the election of" 18-39 were Orvill Cronkhite, Eli Brown, I. H. 
Simpson, William Clark, James Ilutton and J. C. Raffet3\ The Clerks 
were Thomas S. Denson, George H. Brown and D. G. Morgan. 

It ivill be borne in mind that an election had been held in September, 1838, 
or one year previous, for the purpose of electing Representatives to the Iowa 
Legislature. This was in the cabin of Barrett Whittemore. Only eleven votes 
were cast, and a Representative, R. G. Roberts, was elected from Cedar, Jones, 
Johnson and Linn. 

The first recorded meeting of the Commissioners' Court was held February 
3, 1840. Their first act was to appoint Hugh Bowen Assessor in the place of 
Daniel Chaplin, who refused to serve. 

George Mefford presented a petition for a certain county road. 

It was ordered that the regular meeting of the Board should be held there- 
after at the house of Donald Sutherland and until further ordered. 

The Commissioners mentioned above as locating the county seat made their 
report in favor of the northeast quarter of Section 36, Township 85, Range 3 
west, where they laid out a town and named it Edinburg. 

An act of Congress provided that, as each new county Avas organized, the 
United States Government would grant to the County Commissioners a quarter- 
section on which the county seat should be located. Accordingly, we find from 
the book of original entries, that on June 20, 1840, Thomas S. Denson and 
Charles P. Hutton, as Commissioners of Jones County, claimed the quarter- 
section above mentioned, being the northeast quarter of Section 36 in what is 
now Wa3'ne Township. This was within half a mile of the geographical center 
of Jones County, and its central location was the argument which secured for 
it the honor of being the first seat of justice. 

The day after Edinburg was laid out. Col. Thomas Cox, at the solicitation 
of J. D. Walworth, came to the present location of Anamosa and laid out a 
town which was called Dartmouth. This Avas never recorded, and of course 
came to naught. 

The first tax levy was made July 6, 1840. being 5 mills on each dollar of tax- 
able property in the county of Jones, and a poll tax of 50 cents upon each voter. 

We find that Nov. 5, 1840, Clement Russell paid into the county treasury 
$25, for the privilege of keeping a grocery. 

To those who have not been upon the border, it may be a question why gro- 
cerymen in a new country should be so heavily taxed. The initiated will under- 
stand that a frontier grocery was simply a saloon of the lowest character, where 
wlnsky was the only article on sale, and which could be obtained at a reasonable 
price, in any quantity from a glassful to a barrel. 

The census of 1838 revealed a population of 241. In 1840, this number 
had increased to 475. 

ELECTION PRECINCTS. 

At a meeting of the County Commissioners, July G, 1840, Jones County 
was divided into four precincts for electoral purposes, as follows : 

Walnut Precinct, comprising Townships 8l> and 84, in Ranges 1, 2 and 3 
west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 

Buffalo Fork Precinct, comprising Townships 83 and 84, Range 4 west. 

Bowen Prairie Precinct, comprising Congressional Township 86, Ranges 2, 
3 and 4, and Township 85, Ranges 3 and 4. 

Farm ^reek Precinct, comprising Township 85 and 86, Range 1, and Town- 
ship 85, Range 2. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



329 



The civil partition of Jones County in 1840, might, therefore, be represented 
as follows : 





BOWKN PKAIRIE. 




o 






FARM 

Mervlian. 


O 
C 
< 

P 
P3 


.a, 
WALNUT. 



E.VNOES IV, 



III, 



II, 



The Judges of Elections appointed at the time of organizing the precincts 
Tvere : 

For Bowen Prairie — William Dalton, William Clark and Charles Johnson. 
Election to be held at the house of Joseph E. Green. 

For Walnut — Moses Garrison, Isaac H. Simpson and 0. Cronkhite. Elec- 
tion to be held at the house of Norman Seeley. 

For Buffalo Fork — John G. Joslin, Clement Russel and G. H. Ford. 
Election to be held at the house of Clement Russell. 

For Farm Creek — Jacob Peet, Hezekiah Winchell and John E. Lovejoy. 
Election to be held at the house of Abraham Hostetter. 

Bowen Prairie Precinct was made Road District No. 1, with Franklin 
Dalbey, Supervisor; Buffalo, No. 2, with Clark Joslin, Supervisor; Walnut, 
No. 3, with John Merritt, Supervisor, and Farm Creek, No. 4, with George 
Mefford as Supervisor. 

TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION. 



At the meeting of the County Commissioners' Court, July 5, 1842, it was 
rosolved to organize the county into townships, which should have their regu- 
lar township officers and town government. The precincts were accordingly 
changed into townships, without altering the boundaries. 



330 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Rome was organized as a township July 5, 18J:2, with the same bounda- 
ries as Walnut Precinct, given above, the first township election to be held at 
the residence of N. B. Seeley. 

Fairvieiu was organized as. a township July 5, 1842, with the same bounda- 
ries as BuflFalo Fork Precinct, given above. 

WasJdngton was organized as a township July 5, 1842, with the same 
boundaries as Farm Creek'' Precinct, given above. 

Richland was organized as a township July 5, 1842, with the same boun- 
daries as Bowen Prairie Precinct, given above. 

CIctT/ was organized as a township April 3, 1844, including what is now 
known as Wyoming, that part of the present township of Clay which is south 
of the Maquoketa River, all of Scotch Grove Township south of the river, and 
a strip about one mile in width upon the eastern border of Wayne Township, 
extending north, through Monticello, until it touched the river. The first 
election was held at the house of John Sutherland. 

Monticello was organized as a township June 10, 1847, from Richland 
Township, and included all of that town south of the Maquoketa River, being 
most of the territory now occupied by Monticello, Wayne, Cass and Castle 
Grove. 

Greenfield was organized as a township with its present boundaries, being 
separated from Fairview, and corresponding to Congressional Township 83, 
Range 4. 

The townships now known as Cass and Wayne were separated from Monti- 
cello and attached to' Fairview April 21, 1848. 

ffale was organized as a township in July, 1851, and included the present 
towns of Hale and Oxford, which were on that date separated from Rome. The 
first township election was held at the house of Joseph Bumgarner. 

Jackson was organized as a township in July, 1851, and included the 
present towns of Madison and Jackson, which were on that date separated 
from Rome. The first township election was held at the house of Chas. Beam. 

Oass was separated from Fairfield and organized as a township, with its 
present boundaries, March 1, 1852. The first election was at the house of W. 
J. Beaks. 

Wyoming was separated from Clay Township February 8, 1854, and organ- 
ized, with its present boundaries, under the name of Pierce Township, which 
was, a couple of years later, changed to Wyoming. The first election Avas at 
the house of William Stuart. 

Castle Grove was separated from Monticello and organized, with its present 
boundaries, January 1, 1855. 

At the same date, Monticello Township was extended across the river to 
the northern boundary of the county, corresponding to its present boundary, 
and including what had formerly belonged to Richland Township. 

Madison Township was organized, with its present boundaries, Jan. 1, 1855. 

Scotch Grove was separated from Clay and organized as a township, with 
its present boundaries, in February, 1855. The first election was held at a 
schoolhouse. 

Oxford was separated from Hale Township and organized, with its present 
boundaries, in March, 1855. The first election was at the house of John 
Bryan. 

Wayne was set oif from Fairview Township and organized, with its present 
boundaries, March 5, 1856. The first election was held at the house of 0. G. 
Scrivens. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 331 

It will be observed that the last township was not formed until some six- 
teen years after the organization of the county, and that certain districts 
belonged, at different periods, to quite a number of different towns. Wayne 
Township, for instance, had belonged to Richland, Monticello and Fairview 
previous to its organization as an independent town. Each township now cor- 
responds to the Congressional numbering, rendering the political geography of 
the county as simple as a chessboard. 

THE FIRST COURT. 

The first court held in Jones County was presided over by Judge Thomas 
S. Wilson, and was in session at Edinburg, the first county seat, March 22, 
1841. 

The grand jurors on that occasion were as follows: Moses Collins, Thomas 
Dickson, Charles Johnson, B. J3eardsley, William Clark, Jackson Peak, Isaac 
H. Simpson, T. Crook, L. A. Simpson, Orvill Cronkhite, Joseph II. Merritt, 
S. L Dunham, H. Winchell, I. Tate, M. Lupton, J. C. Raffety, David Kill- 
ham, A. Hostetter, John G. Joslin, G. II. Ford, Henry Booth, C. C Reed, 
Ambrose Parsons. 

The petit jurors were F. Dalbey, Joshua Johnson, G. B. Laughlin, Barrett 
Whittemore, J. E. Greene, Daniel Vance, Richard Cleveland, I. Merritt, Moses 
Garrison, Alexander Staney, Jacob Cornwall, Benjamin Chaplin, J. E. Love- 
joy, P. H, Turner, W. H. Jones, Alvin Winchell, Harry Hargodem, 0. Delong, 
C. Russell, James Spencer, George H. Brown, Clark Joslin, Eli Brown, 
George H. Walworth. 

The only indictment found by the grand jury is recorded as follows: 

UNITED STATES] 

vs. y 

Robert Snowden. J 

Indictment for assault to commit great bodily injury. A true bill. 

Two cases came up for hearing, both being by appeal from Justices' Courts. 
One was dismissed, and the other continued until the next session of court. 
The first court continued two days. The petit jury was not called. 

The next court was held in September, 1841. 

We find no record of a term of court from September, 1845, till May, 
1847. During this time, the county seat was at Newport. In May, 1.847, 
Judge Wilson presided at Edinburg, and in September, 1847, at Lexington. 

commissioners' ACTS. 

In April, 1841, we find $6 appropriated to Donald Sutherland for rent of 
rooms in which the County Board had held its meetings. 

Henry Hopkins was the first Prosecuting Attorney, and was allowed $34 
for his services, at the meeting of the Board in March, 1842. 

October 3, 1842, was approved the Territorial road from Dubuque to 
Marion, on that portion of it which was included in Jones County. James 
Butler and P. Scott Avere the Commissioners appointed by the Legislature ta 
view the same. 

The first licensed ferry of which we have record was granted Adam Over- 
acker, across the Wapsipinicon at Newport. This license was for the consid- 
eration of $2, continued for one year from April 13, 1847. A two-horse 
vehicle was charged 25 cents; one-horse, 12| cents; footman, 6|- cents, etc. 



332 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

In order to fund the increasing floating indebtedness, and to maintain the 
county warrants as near par as possible, it was ordered, October 7, 1850, that 
the Clerk of Commissioners' Court issue bonds of the county, bearing 10 per 
cent interest, duo in five years, the bonds to be for $50 each, and not to exceed 
forty in number. These bonds were to be issued to any one who would present 
the Treasurer's receipt for the amount of their face. 

In 1851-52, various State roads were surveyed and platted, among which 
were highways from Anaraosa to Bellevue; Anamosa to Garnavillo ; Clayton 
County; Cascade, by way of Canton, to Maquoketa ; Cascade to Garry Owen ; 
Denson's Ferry to the house of Thomas McNally ; Anamosa to the Davenport 
and Marion road ; Anamosa to Camanche ; Fairview to Tipton. 

COUNTY SEAT QUESTIONS. 

Almost every Western county has found the location of a permanent seat 
of justice a vexatious problem. In this respect, Jones County has not been an 
exception. 

The Commissioners appointed by the Legislature for the purpose of choos- 
ing a site for the county seat fixed upon a spot one-half mile north of the 
geographical center of the county, as has been elsewhere related. The town 
here laid out received the name of Edinburg. As yet, we cannot say with 

Burns : ,< t.^- , o .• , i ,■ 

" tdma ! Scotia s darling seat ! 

All hail thy palaces and towers ! " 

The palaces and towers did not grow. The soil was obstinate. A 
quagmire was its only park ; the wild prairie its only scenery. A visitor thus 
describes it: 

"Edinburg was a city of grass. Its streets run in all directions. In fact, 
it was all street. You could wander over its entire extent without getting 
sight of a single wall, brick, stone or wood. The earth below and the blue 
vault above were the only signs that the place was intended for human habita- 
tion ; and, as all cities require ornament of some kind, a bounteous nature had 
planted there and reared a few scattering trees. Such was Edinburg in the 
summer of 1840." 

A log cabin Avas erected as a Court House, commodious in si/e for the sparse 
population of Jones County in that day, in which Judge Wilson dispensed the 
justice meted out to Territorial settlers by the Federal Court. In April, 1841, 
we find, by the Commissioners' record, that E. Sutherland was allowed $140 
for building this primitive capitol building, and, a few months later, James 
Spencer appears as claimant for $50 on account of work done in rendering 
comfortable this same building. 

Another log cabin was erected by William Hutton, who T^'as, at that time. 
Commissioners' Clerk, as well as Clerk of the District Court. This cabin was 
occupied as a dry-goods store and grocery, especially the latter, which was 
stocked mostly with "corn juice." The store, not proving a profitable invest- 
ment, was soon abandoned, and the same enterprising Clerk erected a two-story 
frame hotel, Avhere he might entertain the Judge, jury and witnesses by night 
after recording their doings by day. This hotel is said to have been furnished 
with nothing save a few chairs ; a sheet-iron parlor stove ; the public table made 
of two rough boards laid lengthwise ; and by way of night's lodging, a load or 
two of nice prairie hay, cut a few hours previously, and pitched into the upper 
windows. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 333 

Edinburg appears to have had no advantages over a dozen other places, 
save its central position. It manifested no signs of growth, and the people 
became rapidly dissatisfied. Other towns were growing up in the county, and 
it was but natural that the pioneers should prefer going to some settlement 
when they visited the county seat, instead of journeying out into the wilder- 
ness. ISo county officer made it his residence throughout the year. William 
Hutton, the Clerk, lived at Farm Creek. The Recorder was to be found at 
Fairview, and probate business received attention at Cascade. This state of 
affaii'S bred discontent. Nobody was satisfied, not even the county officers 
themselves. Finally, a petition was sent to the Legislature for relief, and a 
bill was passed in that body, providing that the Commissioners of Jones County 
should assemble and name two places to be voted upon by the citizens, deciding 
in that way their choice for county seat. 

February 28, 1846, the Commissioners held a special meeting at the house 
of George G. Banghart for that purpose. By a species of playing into one 
another's hands, now commonly known as log-rolling, the Commissioners 
arranged matters to suit the individual preferences, and named the point now 
known as Newport, and a place adjoining Cascade, on the south side of the 
river. The latter was on the corner of the county, on the line, and between 
the two places. Newport received the majority of the votes. The result was 
viewed' rather in the light of a joke. There was a solitary dwelling where 
Newport was to be laid out, the cabin of Adam Overacker. 

May 11, 1846, the County Commissioners held their first meeting at the 
new seat of justice. The ground on which Newport was located was given to 
the county by Adam Overacker, being a ten-acre tract described as Lot 2, Sec- 
tion 33, Township 84, Range 3 west. Here the town was duly platted, and 
in July, at Sheriff's sale, twenty-eight lots were sold in behalf of the county. 
The proceeds of this sale aggregated $300.12, or an average of less than $11 
per lot. The highest price paid was $26 by Levi Cronkhite. 

Preparations were made here for the erection of a log court house, and some 
of the timbers were placed on the ground, but nothing was ever done toward 
its completion. The Commissioners rented a room from Adam Overacker for 
their meeting, and made arrangements with him to supply rooms to accommo- 
date the court at the proper season. 

When Judge Wilson reached the spot, and found there Avas no place pre- 
pared for holding court, save in a room of the log shanty ; saw no other house 
in the vicinity, and nought in view save trees and waving prairie-grass, he got 
into his buggy and drove off to his home in Dubuque. No term of court was 
held during the time the county seat was at Newport. The result of the elec- 
tion which fixed upon Newport was generally looked upon as a joke. It satis- 
fied no one except Adam Overacker, and was much less suited to the needs of 
the county than Edinburg. As soon as possible, the assistance of the Legisla- 
ture was again called in, and privilege was granted by that body to vote for a 
county seat, according to their own inclinations. If this election should not 
show a majority for any one point, a second election should be held, in which 
the two places having the greatest number of votes in the first election should 
be the only ones in the field. 

On the first election, in the spring of 1847, five points were returned, viz.: Lex- 
ington, Newport, Rome, Monticello and Scotch Grove. No votes were given to 
Edinburg. Newport and Lexington stood highest, and in the second contest, about 
two weeks later, a victory resulted in favor of Lexington, whose name was after- 
ward changed by authority of Judge Wilson, of the District Court, to Anamosa. 



334 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

After the election, the Commissioners met June 10, 1847, at Edinburg. 
Thev adjourned till 7 o'clock, June 11, when they immediately took a recess 
to meet at 1 o'clock in the afternoon at Lexington. We might, therefore, say 
that this town became the county seat between 7 A. M. and 1 P. M., June 11, 
1847. The house of G. H. Ford was temporarily secured for court purposes 
and the transaction of county business. 

Lexington had been surveyed by R. J. Cleveland June 18, 1846, with 
Mahan & Crock well as proprietors. It was replatted, Avith provision for a pub- 
lic square, in June, 1847, by H. Mahan, John D. Crockwell and G. IL Ford, 
who, in accordance Avith a previous pledge, donated to the county of Jones fifty 
lots of the new town and a public square. Of these lots, forty-eight were sold 
at the July term of the Commissioners' Board, realizing to the county $725. 

The contract for building a two-story frame court house was let to G. H. 
Ford at $800. This building was 30x40 feet, and could not have been built at 
so low a price had it not been that most of the necessary material was already 
donated to the county. This court house was first occupied January 3, 
1848. 

Various attempts have been made in later years to remove the county seat 
from Anamosa to a more central locality. 

In the vote of April 6, 1857, a contest was waged between Anamosa and 
Madison, with a result of 1,024 to 717 in favor of the former. 

In the following year, an attempt to remove the seat of justice to the north- 
east quarter of Section 1, Jackson Township, failed of a majority by 33 
votes. The ballot stood 1,278 to 1,245. 

In October, 1874, the people were called upon to decide between Anamosa 
and Center Junction. The contest was a bitter one, and not without some 
fear on the 'part of the friends of Anamosa. The latter, however, were 
successful by a vote of 1,993 to 1,592. 

The court house above mentioned, as built by G. H. Ford in 1847, was 
useil by the county until 1864. Some brick offices had also been erected, 
which stood, with the court house, down in the part known as the " old 
town " of Anamosa. Though the old building did good service for the 
county for some eighteen years, yet it was not free from the gnawings of 
the "tooth of time," and we find, in the midwinter meeting of the Board 
of Supervisors, the following resolutions offered : 

WiiKREAS, H. C. Metcalf has generously offered to Jones County suitable rooms for county 
ofi&ces and a commodious hall in which to hold the District Court, for the term of two years 
free of rent, with the privilege of using the same three years longer for such rent as the Board 
of Supervisors may see tit to allow, and 

Whereas, The ruinous and dilapidated condition of the building known as the Jones 
County Court House, now only renders it a tit habitation for bats and owls, and as we, the rep- 
resentatives of .Tones County, do not desire longer to dispute possession with a class of tenants 
whose claims are vastly superior to ours, therefore 

Resolved, That this Hoard accept said proposition and order a removal of the public records 
as soon as said Metcalf shall make to the county a lease of the aforesaid rooms, in accordance 
with the conditions above stated. 

This resolution was finally adopted on the sixth day of the term, January, 
1864. The old Court House was sold at auction November 15, 1864, to E. 
B. Alderman for $250, and was moved up town. 

The rooms rented of Mr. Metcalf were occupied free of rent for two years, 
when they were leased at the rate of $250 per year. The county offices 
remained here until the fall of 1871, when they were removed to their present 
location in Shaw's new block. The court room was removed to Lehmkuhl's 
Block in January, 1871, the hall in Metcalf 's building being inadequate to 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 335 

the needs of the county. For three years, the county rented the rooms occu- 
pied by the county. During the time of the contest for the county seat between 
Center Junction and Anamosa, the latter city in its corporate capacity appro- 
priated $3,000 and private citizens subscribed |2,000 more, with which amount 
and $1,000 additional pledged, the entire second floor of Shaw's Block and 
the Auditor's office on the first floor were purchased and conveyed to the 
county of Jones, to belong to said county so long as they were occupied for 
county and court purposes. In the event that the county seat is removed from 
Anamosa, these rooms are to revert to their former owners, the city and citizens 
of Anamosa. 

THE COUNTY JAIL. 

Previous to the summer of 1864, Jones County was without a jail. Few 
of her people seemed to have a desire to occupy such a structure, and there 
was little need for one. In October, 1863, was submitted to the people the 
question of building a Court House and Jail, and was defeated by a vote of 
1,348 to 656. In the following June, a petition was presented to the Board of 
Supervisors, asking an appropriation for the purpose of building a jail alone. 
The matter being referred to a committee, they presented a report recommend- 
ing "that the county appropriate the sum of $2,000 for said purpose, provided 
the grounds on which to build the same are donated and deeded in fee simple 
to the county. Said $2,000 to be expen(|ed as set forth in said petition, under 
the charge of a competent committee to be appointed by the Chairman of this 
Board, and that no part of the aforesaid $2,000 shall be drawn from the 
county, nor shall the contract for building said jail be let, until the said com- 
mittee certify to the Clerk of this Board that the citizens have subscribed and 
paid unto said committee the sum of $1,000, and that said committee proceed 
to select the grounds and erect said jail as soon as possible." The report was 
adopted, and Supervisors E. B. Alderman, T. 0. Bishop and C. T. Lamson 
were appointed a committee to carry out the purpose of the report. 

The present site was immediately selected, and at a meeting held in Ana- 
mosa June 13, 1864, $620 was raised by subscription in about fifteen minutes. 
Several days later, the full amount necessary was contributed and the jail 
erected forthwith. 

Jones County Jail is a two-story stone structure, about thirty feet square, 
and containing three strong and secure stone cells. The remainder of the 
building is occupied the jailer's apartment. A frame addition has likewise 
been added to enlarge the dwelling portion. 

The prison accommodations of the present building are not commensurate 
with the needs of the county, and before many years the jail will from neces- 
sity be enlarged or its place supplied by a more commodious structure. 

COUNTY AND LEGISLATIVE OFFICERS. 

We present, as a matter of reference, a roster of the officials whom Jones 
County has been delighted to honor since its organization. This list was com- 
piled with no small labor, and, in the absence of election records prior to 1852, 
is not quite complete ; but it can be relied upon, we believe, so far as we have 
ventured to give it. 

The pioneers will remember that county affairs were first under the admin- 
istration of a board of three County Commissioners, viz.: 
. 1839, Thomas S. Denson, Charles P. Hutton and — . 

1840, Thomas S. Denson, Charles P. Hutton and H. G. Seely. 



336 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

1841, Charles P. Hutton, H. G. Seely and Thomas S. Denson. 

1842, H. G. Seely, George H. Brown and Charles P. Hutton. 
184-3, Ambrose Parsons, Charles P. Hutton and AVilliam Dalton. 

1844, William Dalton, Adam Kramar and Ambrose Parsons. 

1845, William Dalton, George G. Banghart and Adam Kramar. 

1846, Adam Kramar, M. H. Hutton and George G. Banghart. 

1847, Washington Lamb, M. H. Hutton and George G. Banghart. 

1848, Charles L. D. Crockwell, Washington Lamb and M. H. Hutton. 

1849, C. L. D. Crockwell, Thomas McNally and Washington Lamb. 

1850, Thomas McNally, Thomas Green and C L. D. Crockwell. 

Clerks of Commissioners Court — 1841-44, William Hutton ; 1844-47, 
Barrett Whittemore ; 1847-51, C. C. Rockwell. 

In 1851, the management of county affairs passed into the hands of the 
County Judge, an office created at that time by the State Legislature, in which 
was vested, substantially, all the powers previously held by the Board of Com- 
missioners. 

County Judges — 1851-55, Joseph Mann ; 1855-57, G. C. Mudgett ; 
1857-59, J. J. Huber ; 1859-61, William H. Holmes. 

In January, 1861, the oflBce of County Judge was so modified as to have 
jurisdiction only of probate and similar business. The administration of county 
affairs passed into the hands of a Board of Supervisors, composed of one Super- 
visor from each township. The Board had four regular meetings annually. 

Supervisors — 1861, John Russell, W. H. Hickman, Thomas J. Peak, M. 
C. Thompson, M. H. Nickisson, Philo Norton, D. N, Monroe, Daniel Leery, 
H. T. Cunningham, William Leech, Thomas Green, John Decions, Benjamin 
•Freeman, A. A. Reilly, William Hogg, Lawrence Schoonover. 

1862, S. Hopkins, William H. Hickman, D. Graham, T. 0, Bishop, D. N. 
Monroe, L. D. Brainard, Benjamin Freeman, A. A. Reilly, William Leech, 
Thomas McNally, H. T. Cunningham, M. C. Thompson, P. G. Bonewitz, M. 
C. Walters, John McLees, Philo Norton. 

1863, P. G. Bonewitz, Philo Norton, Samuel H. Clark, M. C. Walters, J. 
Tallmm, Joseph Apt, S. Hopkins, David Graham, Franklin Dalby, B. K. 
Bronson, A. S. Hale, John Waite, Thomas McNally, John McLees, S. P. 
Southwick, T. 0. Bishop. 

1864, S. H. Clark, F. M. Hicks, P. G. Bonewitz, Franklin Dalby, John 
Tallman, Joseph Apt, E. B. Alderman, B. K. Bronson, Philo Norton, A, S. 
Hale, T. 0. Bishop, S. P. Southwick, James McDaniel, Leman Palmer, 
Thomas McNally, John Waite. 

1865, S. P. Southwick, A. S.'Hale, Leman Palmer. L. C. Niles, E. B. 
Alderman, John Waite, W. H. Walworth, Franklin Dalby, John Thompson, 

S. H. Clark, P. G. Bonewitz, Blakeslee, Thomas McNally, Joseph Apt, 

James McDaniel, T. 0. Bishop. 

1866, A. S. Hale, H. P. Southwick, J. W. Jenkins, E. B. Alderman, T. 
0. Bishop, S. M. Johnson, L. C. Niles, John Waite, J. Thompson, S. H. 
Clark, P. G. Bonewitz, W. T. Fordham, A. H. Marvin, Leman Palmer, Mich- 
ael Kenny, F. Dawson. 

1867," J. W. Jenkins, T. 0. Bishop, E. B. Alderman, S. M. Johnson, A. 
H. Marvin, P. G. Bonewitz, H. Steward, W. T. Fordham, A. J. Dalby, A. 
G. Pangburn, G. W. Lathrop, M. C. Thompson, William M. Starr, J. Suth- 
erland, Francis Dawson, Michael Kenny. 

1868, M. C Thompson, William M. Starr, E. E. Brown, Joseph Cool, T. 
0. Bishop, A. J. Dalby, Anson Hayden, A. G. Pangburn, A. A. Reilly, 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 337 

Francis Dawson, H. Steward, John Sutherland, Michael Kenny, R. G. Bone- 
witz, W. T. Fordham, S. M. Yoran. 

18G9, Hiram Steward, J. A. Crawford, John Wilson, E. E. Browne, H. C. 
Metcalf, T. 0. Bishop, P. V. Farley, A. Hayden, A. G. Pangburn, S. M, 
Yoran, A. A. Reilly, B. Connell, John Sutherland, Michael Kenny, P. G. 
Bonewitz, John Tasker. 

1870, George W. Lovell, J. A. Crawford, John Tasker, A. G. Pangburn, 
David Grafft, J. S. Lathrop, Ezekiel Oliphant, Hiram Steward, M. C. Walters, 
Peter V. Farley, D. Gardner, A. A. Reilly, John Sutherland, T. 0. Bishop, 
Thomas McNally, H. C. Metcalf. 

In 1870, the Supervisor system was changed so as to place the business in 
the hands of three men, who should be chosen for a term of three years, from 
the county at large, one new member entering each year, after the manner of 
the former Commissioners. 

1871, Hiram Steward, John Tasker, S. M. Yoran. 

1872, A. G. Pangburn, S. M. Yoran, Hiram Steward. 

1873, Hiram Steward, John Waite, S. M. Y'oran. 

By vote of the electors of the county, it was carried, October,' 1872, to 
increase the number of Supervisors to five. 

1874, J. A. Crawford, Hiram Steward, G. G. Banghart, John Sutherland, 
W^. J. Brainard. 

1875, W. J. Brainard, J. A. Crawford, Joseph Cool, Hiram Steward, G. 
G. Banghart. 

1876, M. C. Thompson, F. Griswold, W. J. Brainard, S. H. Clark, G. G. 
Banghart. 

1877, S. H. Clark, M. C. Walters, M. C. Thompson, H. C. Freeman, F. 
Griswold. 

1878, F. Griswold, H. C. Freeman, M. C. Thompson, S. H. Clark, M. C. 
Walters. 

1879, M. C. Walters, S. H. Clark, H. C. Freeman, L. Schoonover, John 
Bates. 

Sheriffs — 1839-41, Hugh Brown; September, 1844-46, M. Q. Simpson; 
September, 1846-50, G. B. Laughlin ; September, 1850-52, S. J. Dunham ; 
April, 1852, to September, 1853, F. M. Hicks; September, 1853-57, Samuel 
Lawrence; September, 1857, to January, 1860, N. S. Noble; January, 1860 
-62, H. H. Metcalf; January, 1862-68,'David Kinert; January, 1868-74, 0. 
B. Crane; January, 1874-76, A. J. Byerly; January, 1876, P. 0. Babcock, 
the present incumbent. 

Clerks of District Court — 1841-1^8, William Hutton ; September, 1848 
-50, John D. Walworth; September, 1850-52, J. A. Secrist; September, 
1852, to April, 1856, W. W. Wilson; April, 1856, to September, 1856, 
David Kinert; September, 1856, to January, 1861, E. T. Mullett; January, 
1861-67, G. P. Dietz; January, 1867-75, J. C. Deitz; January, 1875, B. 
H. White, present incumbent. 

Recorders — 1841-42, Clark Joslin; September, 1842-47, Edmond Booth; 
September, 1847-49, William Sterling; September, 1849-51, Ira B. Ryan ; 
September, 1851-53, Samuel T. Buxton ; September, 1853-57, Jonas J. 
Huber; September, 1857, to January, 1860, F. S. McKean ; Januaiy, 1860- 
Qc>, John D. Walworth; January, 1865-69, J. S. Perfect; January, 1869-75, 
Richard' McDaniels ; January, 1875, R. L. Duer, present incumbent. 

Treasurers — Prior to 1865, the Recorder performed the duties of TreaS' 
urer. January, 1866-68, W. Cronkhite; January, 1868-74, L. Schoonover j 



388 HISTORY OF JONKS COUNTY. 

January, 1874-76, J. H. Dickey; January, 1876, Thomas E. Patterson, 
present incumbent. 

Auditors — A portion of the Auditor's present duties were performed by 
the County Judge from 1861 to 1870. The first Auditor was elected October, 
1869; January, 1870-74, Charles Kline; January, 1874, Robert Poll, pres- 
ent incumbent. 

County Superintendents — This office was established in 1859. January, 
1860-62, B. F. Shaw; January, 1862-64, H. D. Sherman; January, 1864- 
66, D. Harper; January-, 1866-68, L. Carpenter; January, 1868-70, J. R. 
Stillman; January, 1870-72, Alexander Hughes; January, 1872-74, E. B. 
Champlin; January, 1874-76, G. 0. Johnson; January, 1876, 0. E. Aldrich, 
the present incumbent. 

Coroners — No record exists prior to 1851. September, 1851-53, Gr. H. 
Ford; September, 1853-54, Alexander Rooney; September, 1854-55, William 
Haddock; September, 1855-57, Alexander Belong; September, 1857-59, M. 
H. Bycrlv; September, 1859, to January, 1864, E. Dalby; January, 1864-76, 
V. C. Williston; January, 1876-78, George W. Birdsall; January, 1878, Y. 
C. Williston, present incumbent. 

County Surveyors — L. A. Simpson was, probably, the first to fill this office. 
From his time until 1851, there is no reliable record. September, 1851-53, 
Moses A. Clark ; September, 1853-55, E. K. Johnson ; September, 1855-57, 
Lewis W. Stewart; September, 1857, to January, 1860, George Welch; Jan- 
uary, 1860-62, John Leery; January, 1862-64, Henry D. Smith; January, 
1864-66, F. Merriman; January, 1866-72, D. L. Blakeslee; January, 1872- 
74, R. 0. Peters; January, 1874-76, T. J. Townsend; January, 1876, 0. 
Burlingame, present incumbent. 

County Judges — 1851, Joseph Mann; September, 1855-57, G. C. 
Mudgett; September, 1857, to January, 1860, J. J. Huber; January, 1860- 
62, William H. Holmes; January, 1862-64, John S. Stacey; January, 
1.864-70, D. McCarn. 

Judges of District Courts — Thomas S. Wilson was Judge of the District 
which included Jones County while Iowa continued a Territory, 1841-46. 
The county under State government became a part of the Second District, over 
which James Grant, of Scott County, presided five years, beginning April 5, 
1847. T. S. Wilson, of Dubuque County, became Judge in April, 1852. 
Jones became a part of the Eighth Judicial District February 9, 1853. Of 
this district, the Judges have been as follows: William E. Leffingwell, of Clin- 
ton County, elected April 4, 1853; John B. Booth, of Jackson County, 
appointed 1854; William H. Tuthill, of Cedar County, elected April 2, 1855; 
William E. Miller, elected October 12, 1858; Norman W. Isbell, elected 
October 14, 1862-; Charles H. Conklin, appointed August 19, 1864, and 
elected Nov. 8, following; N. M. Hubbard, appointed November 15, 1865; 
James H. Rothrock, elected October 9, 1866; John Shane, came into office, 
January, 1876, and is now the presiding Judge of the Eighth District. 

In 1869, the business of this Court was so great that a new Court was 
created called the Circuit Court. The Judges have been, 1869, to January, 
1873, Sylvanus Yates; January, 1873, John McKean, now presiding. 

LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION. 

In October, 1844, the first Constitutional Convention met at Iowa City. 
Jones County was represented by John Taylor. The second Constitutional 



I 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 341 

Convention met May 4, 1846, in which Jones County was represented by S. 
G. Matson. Jones County sent A. H. Marvin, of Monticello, to the third Con- 
stitutional Convention, which met at Iowa City January 19, 1857. 

In the Territorial Council — 1838-40, Cedar, Johnson, Jones and Linn 
Counties sent Charles Whittlesey ; 1840-42, Jones and Linn Counties sent 
George Greene ; 1842-44, Jones and Linn Counties sent John P. Cook ; 
1844-46, Jones and Linn Counties sent William Abbe. 

To the State Senate — 1846-50, Jones and Jackson Counties sent Philip P. 
Bradley ; 1850-51, Jones and Jackson Counties sent Nathan G. Sales ; 
1854-58, Jones County sent William H. Holmes ; 1858-62, Jones and Jackson 
Counties sent Joseph Mann; 1862-64, Jones County sent W. H. Holmes; 
1864-66, Jones County sent Ezekiel Cutler; 1866-70, Jones County sent S. 
S. Farwell; 1870-74, Jones County sent John McKean ; 1874-78, Jones 
County sent George W. Lovell. 

During the past session of the Legislature, Jones County had no Senafor. 
In the new apportionment. Cedar and Jones elect a Senator together. The 
Cedar County Senator holding over two years longer than the Jones County 
official, the Senator from Cedar occupies the place at present. John Russell 
was elected Oct. 14, 1879, to serve 1880-84, Jones and Cedar Counties. 

Representatives — 1838-39, Robei't G. Roberts, from Cedar, Johnson, 
Jones and Linn Counties ; 1839-40, George H. Walworth, from Jones and 
Linn -Counties ; 1840-41, Harman Van Antwerp and George H. Walworth, 
from Jones and Linn Counties ; 1841-42, Samuel P. Higginson and Thomas 
Denson, from Jones and- Linn Counties ; 1842-43, George H. W^alworth and 
John C. Berry, from Jones and Cedar Counties; 1843-44, George H. Wal- 
worth and Robert Smythe, from Jones and Cedar Counties ; 1844-46, Joseph 
K. Snyder and John Taylor, from Jones, Linn and Cedar Counties ; 1846-48, S. 
G. Matson and George F. Green, from Jones and Jackson Counties ; 1848-50, 
D. A. Mahoney and N. G. Sales, from Jones and Jackson Counties ; 1850-52, 
R. B, Wykoff and John E. Goodenow, from Jones and Jackson Counties ; 
1852-54, John Taylor, from Jones County ; 1854-56, W. II. Holmes, from 
Jones County; 1856-58, W. H. Holmes, from Jones County, and William 
Thomas, from Jackson and Jones Counties ; 1858-60, H. Steward, from Jones 
County, and W. S. Johnson, Jones and Jackson Counties ; 1860-62, John 
Taylor, from Jones County; 1862-64, 0. Whittemore and John Russell; 
1864-66, John Russell and J. H. Fuller ; 1866-70, John McKean and John 
Russell ; 1870-72, John Russell and P. G. Bonewitz ; 1872-74, P. G. Bone- 
witz and John Tasker ; 1874-76, John W. Moore and G. 0. Bishop ; 1876-78, 
William T. Shaw and George W. Lathrop ; 1878-80, S. M. Yoran; 1880-82, 
S. M. Yoran. 

RAILBUADS. 

The first railroad in Iowa was commenced in 1854. Previous to this time, 
the struggle for a railroad had begun in Jones County. May 2, 1852, had been 
incorporated the Iowa Central Air Line Company, an organization which for 
a number of years figured quite conspicuously in Central Iowa, and Avhich Jones 
County people have abundant cause to remember for years to come, and with no 
grateful remembrance. 

This Company was incorporated at the date named, by the following persons, 
most of whom are Iowa men : 

Jonas Clark, John E. Goodenow, J. W. Jenkins, Russel Perham, Alonzo 
Spaulding, Elisha F. Clark, Daniel Rhodes, David Sears, Ira Minard, Charles 



342 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Butler, Elisha C. Litchfield, G. S. Hubbard, S. S. Jones, S. M. Hitt, George 
W. Waite, William Ferdman, L. H. Bowen, 0. Emerson, George Greene, A. F. 
Steadman, D. M. Mcintosh, Isaac Whittam, N. B. BrOwn, S. D. Carpenter, 
D. VV. Kincr, N. W. Isbell, Charles Nye, Thomas J. McKean, L. D. Jordan, E. 
Vanmeter, Dan Lothian, M. E. McKenny, S. C. Bever, William Haddock, J. 
H. Fisher, H. C. Metcalf, W. H. Eldridge, Porter Sargcant, E. A. Wood. 

The purpose of the corporation, as set forth in the articles, were " the con- 
struction, operation and use of a railroad with double or single track, and with 
all necessary appendages, branches and extensions. The main trunk or con- 
tinuous line of said road was to commence on the Mississippi River, at or near 
Sabula, and run thence westerly on or near the Forty-second Parallel of latitude 
to the Missouri River, and ultimately thence westerly through the South Pass 
to California." 

The stock of the Air Line Company was to be $10,000,000, with the priv- 
ilege of increasing it. A survey was made through to the Missouri River, 
passing through Maquoketa, Anamosa, Marion, Cedar Rapids, Marshalltown, 
and crossing the Missouri River just west of Onawa. Negotiations were 
opened up for a land grant and not much else was done for several years. An 
act of Congress, of May 15, 1856, granted to the State of Iowa upward of three 
million acres of Government lands, to be expended in building railroads. The 
act provided to give to a company building a road from Lyons to a point at or 
near Maquoketa, and thence west on the line of the Air Line road to th« Mis- 
souri River, every alternate section designated by odd numbers within six miles 
on either side of the line of road, and where the land within this distance was 
already sold or pre-empted, the State was to select an equivalent amount of land 
within fifteen miles on either side of the road. 

The grant from the Legislature to the Iowa Central Air Line Company pro- 
vided that the line should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857, 
and that if the road did not have seventy-five miles completed prior to Decem- 
ber 1, 1859, or did not have the road completed before December 1, 1865, that 
all unsold lands should revert to the State. 

The land grant to this and other roads gave a tremendous impetus to rail- 
road building in Iowa for several years. The land grant to the Air Line Com- 
pany alone was estimated by its President at 906,480 acres. The report of 
June 2, 1858, represents $1,210,000 as already expended upon the road, most 
of which was disbursed in securing the lands of the Company. 

The projected line was to cross Jones County, passing through both Wyo- 
ming and Anamosa. The county in its corporate capacity was called upon for 
help, and before the land grant had been secured, in June. 1853, almost imme- 
diately after the formation of the Compan3% a petition was presented to the 
County Judge, asking for a vote subscribing $80,000 stock in the new Company, 
to be paid in county bonds drawing 8 per cent interest. These bonds were to 
be liquidated by an annual tax of 1 per cent. The proposition was carried by 
a vote of 459 to 240. 

The stock, however, was not subscribed nor the bonds issued until June 15, 
1856, following the Congressional land grant, nor were the bonds delivered 
even at that time. December 25, 1856, an agreement was entered into between 
G. C. Mudgett, County Judge, and S. S. Jones, President of the Air Line 
Company, providing that the bonds should be issued only so rapidly as the work 
was carried on in the limits of the county of Jones. 

At that time, the stock of the Railroad Company was above par, and it was 
agreed on the part of the corporation, that if the county would relinquish all right 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 343 

to the dividend upon the stock of the Company, that the latter would agree to pay 
the interest upon the county's bonds. This would simply amoun: to the county of 
Jones lending her name as security to the railroad, which, in the roseate hue hang- 
ing over railroad prospects, was a very small favor. Stock of the Company, to be 
held in trust .for the county, Avas immediately delivered to three Trustees — N. G. 
Sales, of Anamosa; Robert Smytho, of Marion, and Jas. Plazlett, Sr., of Lyons. 

Under this agreement, the work of grading was immediately commenced in 
Jones County, and, in a short time, $54,000 of county bonds had been issued. 

It is a well-known fact that the Air Line Company failed on account of 
reckless management and open rascality on the part of the President and other 
oflBcers. The magnificent land grant of the company was of itself sufficient 
to have completed the enterprise to the Missouri River, and the Company 
would also have received cordial- help from cities and citizens all along the line. 
Nothing was done. The affair was a suicide. December 1, 1859, the time when 
the road should have seventy-five miles of road completed or forfeit the grant, came 
around, and not a mile of iron had been laid, and the magnificent gift of the 
Government passed into the hands of the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railroad. 

Of course, the Air Line Company never paid a cent of interest upon the 
bonds of the county. Suits were entered in the L^nited States Court by bond- 
holders against the county of Jones in default of the payment of interest. The 
plaintiff' secured judgment. 

Forty-six of the fifty-four thousand dollars bonds were held by David J. 
Lake, of Chicago. In May, 1865, a compromise was effected by the county's 
paying Lake seventy cents on the dollar due, principal and interest. Six thou- 
sand more were redeemed about the same time from other parties at nearly the 
same rate. One bond, held by G. W. Bettesworth, was settled by the payment 
of $1,920.70, principal and interest, on the part of the county, while Bettes- 
worth surrendered the bond and conveyed 4,590 acres of land to Jones County, 
which afterward sold at such a figure as to prove a good investment. The fifty- 
fourth bond was canceled some years later. 

About 1852, there was projected a road from Dubuque to Keokuk, by way of 
Anamosa, Marion and Iowa City. This departure from a direct line gave to 
the enterprise the vulgar name of the "Rams-Horn." An incorporation was 
formed, with the LangAvorthys, of Dubuque, Lincoln Clark and William T. 
Shaw among the leaders. This road, as originally laid out, proved a failure, 
but along part of its line w\as built the Dubuque Western. 

On the occasion of the completion of this road to Anamosa, the following 
notice of it appeared in the Anamosa Eureka : 

" Friday evening, 9th of March, year of grace 1860, was a joyous time in 
Anamosa. « , d * i i * iu 

" ' runctual as lovers to the moment sworn, 

and. punctual to the hour of 8 o'clock, 'came in the first train of cars from 
Dubuque. A crowd was at the depot, and the welcome was deep and cordial. 

" The road Avas commenced in July, 1857. In October following, came the 
revulsion throughout the country ; but the Avork continued through the Avinter, 
and subsequently struggled on, noAv and then, amid the trying stringency of 
the money market until last autumn, when, by a money arrangement Avith C. 
W. Theo. Krausch, the late Chief Engineer of the New York k Erie Railroad, the 
entire superintendency was transferred to him, and most nobly has he performed 
his task, proving his high competency as a railroad builder and manager. 

" Prominent among the men to Avhom we are indebted for this great and 
glorious Avork, we are bound to accord all honor to L. H. Langworthy, F. S. 



344 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Winslow, H. A. Wiltse, E. Stimson, H. Gelpcke and C. W, Theo. Krausch, 
of Dubuque, with W. T. Shaw, of Anamosa. Others, too, have aided us most 
efiFectively in the trying hours of the past two years. To Mr. Shaw we at this 
end of the line are largely indebted. His cool and ready clear-sightedness, as a 
liberal stockholder and Director fi'om the beginning, has contributed, in a great 
measure, to the success of the project." 

At the time of the breaking-out of the war, the road was being pushed west- 
ward toward Marion, and W. T. Shaw was superintending the construction. 
On the day that Mr. Shaw received his commission as Colonel of an Iowa 
regiment, he dismissed the men he had employed, and, abruptly as Putnam left 
the plow, proceeded to the field in service of his country. The building of 
the road Avas at a standstill for several years, and was not completed to Marion 
until about 1865. The present terminus of the road is Cedar Rapids. 

Ten thousand dollars in bonds of the city of Anamosa were voted to aid the 
Dubuque Western road in building, but only a fraction of these were ever issued. 
Farmers and citizens along the line aided liberally by subscriptions. 

The road has several times changed hands and names, passing into posses- 
sion of bondholdei-s, and, in 1878, to the Chicago, Milwaukee k St. Paul Rail- 
road Company. It has been known by the names of Dubuque Western, 
Dubuque, Marion & Western, the Dubuque & South- Western, and, finally, 
as a part of the Western Union Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
Paul. 

It should have been stated, in connection with the early history of this 
road, that on May 9, 1857, the question of taking $100,000 stock, by issuing 
county bonds to that amount, was submitted to the people and lost by a vote of 
.567 to 828. A similar proposition was defeated in August of the same year, 
by a vote of 716 to 368. 

Quite a number of railroads projected in Jones County existed only on 
paper, and, except as companies or paper corporations, had no existence at all. 
Among the first of these, one was formed to build a road from Cascade to 
Anamosa, to connect at the former place with the great North- Western Rail- 
way projected through that point. A meeting was held December 9, 1856, at 
which Articles of Incorporation were adopted and the following persons elected 
a Board of Directors : S. W. McMaster, John Lorain, L. C. McKinney, A. S. 
Chew, S. S. Merrill, G. W. Trumbull, T. J. Chew, James Hill, William P. 
Wightman, W. S. Hall, N. G. Sales, Joseph Mann, C. L. D. Crockwell. The 
road was never begun, and the corporation soon collapsed. 

With greater pretensions was organized, Mardi 19, 1857, the Wapsipinicon 
& St. Peters Valley Railroad Company, whose purpose was to build a continuous 
line of road, to commence at Anamosa and run thence northwest through Quas- 
queton. Independence and Fairbanks, and thence northwesterly to the north 
line of the State. The capital stock was fixed at $5,000,000. 

This was intended as a feeder to the Air Line route, and was looked upon 
as a very probable enterprise in the palmy days of the Air Line bubble. The 
people of Jones County were given an opportunity, in May, 1857, to decide 
whether the county, in its corporate capacity, should take $100,000 stock in 
the Wapsipinicon & St. Peters Valley Railroad. The voters said nay, the 
scheme being defeated by a vote of 1,067 to 375. 

The first officers of this Company were : D. S. Davis, President ; Wm. H. 
Gibbs, Vice President; E. C. Bidwell, Secretary ; H. P. Henshaw, Treasurer; 
D. S. Lee, Attorney ; Directors — F. C. Patterson, Rufus Connable, P. A. Brooks, 
L. W. Hart, S. V. Thompson, N. G. Sales, G. H. Ford, J. S. Dimmitt. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 345 

January 12, 1859, were adopted Articles of Association of what was called 
the " Anamosa Branch of the Tipton Railway," for the purpose of building a 
branch to Tipton. The five Directors elected were VVm. T. Shaw, David Graham 
and H. C. Metcalf, of Anamosa, 0. Cronkhite and D. A. Carpenter, of Rome. 

The partly graded road-bed, between Lyons and Maquoketa, of the exploded 
Air Line road, found its way into the Mississippi, Maquoketa & Western Com- 
pany. In March, 1870, the Midland Company was organized at Des Moines, 
to build a road from Clinton to Maquoketa, with the probability that it would 
go farther west. The Mississippi, Maquoketa & Western sold the road-bed and 
franchise to the Midland for |18,000. The cars were running into Maquoketa 
in December, 1870. A fortunate rivalry springing up between the Chicago & 
North-Western, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Chicago, Mil- 
waukee & St. Paul, enlisted the cordial support of the first-named road to the 
Midland. William T. Shaw was President until March, 1871, at which time 
the road passed under complete control of the Chicago & North-Western Com- 
pany, though a separate organization is still maintained. The road was imme- 
diately pushed on from Maquoketa to Anamosa, being completed to the latter 
place in October, 1871. The citizens of the latter place subscribed about 
$35,000 in stock, though little was paid, and Fairview Township voted to its 
aid a 3 per cent tax, amounting to nearly $15,000. 

At present writing, the Midland is building further west, though with what 
objective point it is not known. It ceases to be a Jones County enterprise. 

The Sabula, Ackley & Dakota Railroad was projected especially by the 
citizens of Ackley and Sabula, and was designed as a western branch to con- 
nect with the Western Union road at Savanna, 111. The building of the road 
commenced in 1870. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, jealous of the 
progress of the Midland road, lent its aid to the building of the Sabula, Ackley 
& Dakota. A bitter rivalry sprang up between the two enterprises, and each 
did what they could to injure the progress of the other. The North-Western 
came out first in the race, at least so far as the building of the road was con- 
cerned. When the cars were running into Anamosa over the Midland, the 
western terminus of the Sabula road was at Preston, only about twenty miles 
from its starting-point. In the summer of 1872, the road was completed to 
Rome, in Jones County. The western terminus of the road, which now belongs 
to the Western Union Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Com- 
pany, is Cedar Rapids. The road traverses the southern tier of townships of 
Jones County, passing through a most excellent piece of country. 

The Davenport & St. Paul Railroad was a Davenport enteprise, whose chief 
spirit was its President, Hon. Hiram Price. This road passes through Wyo- 
ming and Monticello. Cascade made a determined effort to secure the road from 
Wyoming to that point, but in vain. The cars over this line were running 
into Wyoming December 22, 1871. The road is gradually nearing the north- 
ern line of the State, and will, doubtless, in time, bring Jones County in direct 
connection with its proposed northern terminus, St. Paul. The line has 
been recently purchased by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Company. 
The corporation, therefore, own and operate three lines of road traversing Jones 
County, viz., the Sabula, Ackley & Dakota, Davenport & North-Western, and 
the Dubuque & South-Western, or, in all, a total of seventy miles of road. 

In April, 1868, a company was organized under the name of the Anamosa 
& North-Western Railroad Company, whose object was to build a road from 
Anamosa northwest, along the Wapsipinicon Valley, to the northern boundary 
of the State. The incorporators were James Jamison, James Ironside, R. N. 



346 HisTORr OF jones county. 

Soper, F. Braun, William T. Shaw, J. S. Stacv, D. S. Lee, C. R. Scott, 
Charles E. Kent, J. H. Fairchild, E. C. Downs, A. Hunsicker, C. W. Hast- 
ings, H. J. White, M. McGlathery. 

The interest which might otherwise have been enlisted in this enterprise was 
directed into other channels by new and unexpected developments in railroad 
building, about this time. The project was, therefore, unsuccessful. 

The assessment returns of Jones County show the number of miles of rail- 
road within its limits to be as follows: 

Iowa Mi.llanJ 20.80 miles. 

Dubuque & Southwestern 19.71 " 

Diivenport & St. Paul 30.80 " 

Sabula, Ackley & Dakota 25.55 " 

Total 9G.86 miles. 

COUNTY FINANCES. 

The financial condition of Jones County is most satisfactory. A conserva- 
tive management has been the policy of her financiers, whose care has ever 
been to keep the county from becoming involved in debt. The unfortunate 
loan to the Air Line Railroad, of which mention is elsewhere made, has been 
the only serious calamity which has ever occurred affecting the county treasury. 
The County Treasurer's report, in June, 1879, shows a balance on hand in 
each of the various funds in the keeping of the county. There are no out- 
standing warrants demanding payment, and county orders are at par. The 
county has no bonds outstanding. No money of importance has ever been 
invested in county buildings, the Court House now occupied being the gift of 
Anamosa and different citizens, as has been elsewhere mentioned. 

The report of the County Auditor for the year ending January 5, 1879, 

shows the expenses of county government for 1878, to have been as follows : 

Supervisors $ 777 59 

Salaries of officers 4,400 00 

Witnesses 2,138 70 

Jurors 3,490 00 

Attorneys and reporters 1,193 -50 

Sheriff, bailiffs and janitor 1,286 33 

Jail expenses 901 40 

Justices and Constables 1,007 00 • 

Poor, outside poor farm 2,658 15 

Fuel, lights, repairs to county buildings, etc 691 28 

Assessors, Township Clerks and Trustees 1,759 90 

Postage and express 134 05 

Books and stationery 797 40 

Printing 1,779 53 

Superintendent of Schools 958 07 

Election expenses 456 20 

Bounty on wild animals' scalps 242 00 

Township Collectors 1,140 59 

Poor Farm 2,557 96 

Paid Benton County in Johnson case 208 00 

Copying mortgage index 175 00 

Clerks' fees, criminal cases 52 25 

Settlement of title to Coleman lots 40 00 

Miscellaneous 4 10 

§29,509 00 

Deaf, dumb and insane 405 45 

Insane Hospital 1,515 56 

Bridges 14,473 44 

Total ; ?45,903 45 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



347 



The assessment for 1879, as corrected by the Board of Supervisors, we 
give by townships. To this 5 per cent has been added by the State Board : 



TOWNS AND TOWNSHIPS. 



€ass 

Castle Grove 

Clay 

Fail-view 

Greenfield 

Hale 

Jackson 

Madison 

Monticello 

Oxford 

Richland 

Rome 

Scotch Grove 

Washington 

WayiiC 

Wyoming! 

Anamosa 

Monticello, town 

Olin 

Strawberry Hill.. 
Wyoming, town .. 



Acres of 
Land. 



22908 
22755 
22280 
21701 
22645 
22850 
22^28 
22106 
22022 
22253 
22911 
22172 
22443 
22866 
22575 
22200 



Absess'd value 
of Land. 



Assess'd value 
of Town Lots. 



Personal 
Property. 



5196073$. 
204825 
181939 
205132 
206484 
193742 
183207 , 
206709 
215217 
189269 
171422 
200925 
198765 
166508 
206312 
191498 



495 
3619 
4504 
5165 



19655 

514 

14330 

4665i 



1036! 



5205, 

9060 

170225 

158466; 

288871 

15110 

66600 



S 57745 
58864 
40828 
64229 

106796 
70778 
3086M 
79396 

■52976 
88254 
38662 
58873 
51331 
36421 
71282 
62615 
98036 

146614 

20890 

2604 

71254 



§253818 
264184 
216386 
273865 
318445 
264520 
214076 
305760 
268707 
291853 
214749 
259798 
251132 
202929 
282799 
263178 
268261 
305080 
49777 
17714 
137854 



Totals. 



358915 



$3108027 S507536 $130931' 



§4924880 



The assessment of railroad property is as follows 



Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul- 
Western Union Division 

Davenport & North-Western 
Iowa Midland 



Number of Miles 
in County. 



45.26 
30.63 
20.80 



Assessed Value 
per Mile. 



§2,300 00 
2,500 00 
2,000 00 



The tax levy for 1878-79 was as follows: State tax, 2 mills; county 
school tax, 1 mill ; county tax, 4 mills ; bridge tax, 3 mills ; poor tax, 1 mill ; 
total, 11 mills. 

Of the permanent School fund which the wisdom of our early Strtte gov- 
ernment provided, to assist the various counties in maintaining free schools, 
there is in the hands of Jones County — most of which is loaned out on real 
estate — $58,756.53. The apportionment of the permanent fund to Jones 
County for the past year was $4,063.14. The annual interest upon the funds 
placed in the care of Jones County is greater than her share of the yearly 
apportionment. 

STATISTICS — SOCIAL AND AGRICULTURAL. 

A steady growth has marked the progress of Jones County from the date 
of its organization. No feverish haste is perceptible, but that constant influx 
of population and wealth, which forbids all thought of relapse or disaster, and 
gives an air of permanence and stability to every place or institution to which 
it is peculiar. This is strikingly illustrated by a comparison of the census 
reports since 1838. The population has been as follows : 1838, 241 ; 1840, 
475; 1844, 1,112; 1846, 1,758; 1848,1,779; 1849,2,140; 1850,3,007; 



348 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



1851, 3,400; 1852, 4,201; 1853, 6.075; 1856, 9,835; 1859, 13,475; 1860, 
13,306; 1863,13,495; 1865,14,376; 1867,16,228; 1869,18,113; 1870, 
19,731; 1873,18,930; 1875,10,166. 

Subjoined we give an abstract of the population of Jones County, taken 
from the census report of 1875. This is not given as a true representation of 
the population of towns at the present time, but may be valuable as a matter 
of reference now, or fifty years hence : 



TOWNSHIPS AND TOWNS. 



POPULATION. 



Male. 



Total 
Population. 



Number of 
FamilieB. 



Cass Township 

Castle Grove Township., 

Clay Township 

Fairview Township 

Greenfield Township 

Hale Township 

Jackson Township 

Madison Township 

Monticello Township 

Monticello Town 

Oxford Township 

Richland Township 

Rome Township 

Scotch Grove Township., 
Strawberry Hill Town.., 
Washington Township.., 

Wayne Township 

Wyoming Township 

Wyoming Town 

Anamosa Town , 



394 
375 
543 
594 
604 
528 
415 
510 
474 
760 
506 
387 
651 
421 
59 
422 
581 
504 
331 
814 



378 
332 
419 
579 
487 
460 
385 
487 
435 
825 
468 
353 
629 
400 
66 
365 
554 
510 
358 
784 



775 
707 
962 

1,173 

1,091 
988 
800 
997 
909 

1,587 
975 
740 

1,281 
821 
130 
787 

1,135 

1,014 
689 

1,605 



166 
126 
169 
220 
178 
187 
150 
167 
159 
332 
201 
134 
254 
137 
30 
140 
210 
181 
157 
356 



Total 9,873 



9,274 



19 



19,166 



3,654 



The population of the incorporated towns during the years 1870, 1873 and 
1875 are given as follows : 



NAME OF TOWN. 


1870. 


1873. 


1875. 


Anamosa 


2083 
1337 


1656 
1335 


1605 


Monticello 


1687 
689 


Strawberry Hill 




130 









The post offices in 1875 were Anamosa, Blue Cut, Bowen's Prairie, Castle 
Grove, Clayford, Clay Mills, Fairview, Hale Village, Highland Grove, Johnson, 
Langworthy, Martelle, Olin, Onslow, Oxford Mills, Oxford Junction, Scotch 
Grove, A^iroqua and Wyoming. 

Number of acres of improved land in 1875 208,907 

Number of acres of unimproved land in 187-3 63,298 

Number of acres of natural timber in 1875 52,546 



Number of acres of planted timber 

Number of voters in 1875 

Number of voters born in Germany... 

Number of voters born in Scotland 

Number of voters born in Ireland 

Number of foreigners not naturalized. 



473 
4,180 
283 
133 
614 
176 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 349 



BRIDGES. 



Jones County, traversed as it is by the North and South Maquoketa and 
Wapsipinicon Rivers, has been obliged to expend in the building of bridges 
sums which to other counties would seem almost marvelous. Not only have 
these larger streams made heavy drafts upon the county treasury, but numerous 
creeks have demanded a steady expenditure of the public funds to render them 
passable. It has been the custom of the Board of Supervisors usually to make 
appropriations in part for the building of bridges, expecting the remainder to be 
raised by subscription. Thus an appropriation would be made with the under- 
standing that the citizens most interested in the bridge would subscribe and 
pay |1 to every $2 expended by the county, or $1 to every $3 of the public 
funds. Wooden bridges only were erected for a time, but a longer-sighted 
policy has of late years led to the building of substantial iron superstructures. 

The first bridge of importance in the county was thrown across the Wapsi- 
pinicon near where the Anamosa Cemetery now is. This was on the old Mili- 
tary road from Dubuque to Iowa City. The bridge was built by the Govern- 
ment, at an expense of $2,900, Calvin Reed being the contractor. 

In 1857, |2,000 was appropriated by the County Judge to assist in bridg- 
ing the South Maquoketa, and $1,800 to span the Wapsipinicon at Overacker's 
Ferry. 

A bridge was built at Metcalf 's and Graham's Mills, across the Wapsipin- 
icon, in 1862-63, at a cost of $2,500, of which the county paid one half. 

A bridge at Oxford's Mills was built in 1865, with A. A. Reilly as con- 
tractor, at a total cost of $4,674, of which the county paid about one-half. 

In November, 1864, $2,000 was appropriated toward building a $3,000 
bridge at Monticello. 

In 1865, a bridge was built at Newport, for $3,900, of which $2,350 was 
contributed by the county, and the remainder raised by subscription. In 1872, 
this was replaced by an iron bridge, built by the King Bridge Company, and 
costing $13,500. 

A bridge over Walnut Creek, at Rome, was built at an expense of $2,- 
528.50. 

An appropriation was made in November, 1868, to bridge Buffalo Creek, at 
Fremont's Mills, at a cost of $3,000, two-thirds to be paid by the county. 

In January, 1869, $3,000 was appropriated for the bridging of the Wap- 
sipinicon, near Ballou's stone quarry, in Hale Township. A subsequent appro- 
priation of $2,450 was made in the following year. The entire cost of the 
bridge was near $8,000. 

x\ppropriations were made in 1870, for bridges at Corbet's Mill and Clay 
Mills, each to cost near $3,000, of which the county would pay two-thirds, the 
remainder to be raised by subscription. 

An iron bridge was built across the south fork of the Maquoketa River, 
near Walter's Mills, in June, 1871. 

In the winter of 1872-73, the bridge at Monticello was taken out by 
the ice, and a superstructure of iron was substituted by the Massillon Bridge 
Company, in the summer following. The iron bridge across the Wapsipinicon 
at Anamosa, was completed by the Ohio Bridge Company, during the same 
season. 

The bridge at Supple's Mills was completed in 1875, at an expense of 
$6,654.46. The contractors were Kline, Wybel & Co., and Z. King & Co. 



350 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

The iron bridge across the Buffalo at Fisher's Mills, completed in 1878, cost 
$9,620.42. 

The bridge at Olin, completed in October, 1877, by the King Bridge Com- 
pany is a substantial structure and cost Jones County §9,737.53. 

TIMBER, HEDGES, ETC. 

To encourage the cultivation of trees, orchards and hedge, the Board of 
Supervisors, at the June meeting, 1878, resolved that §100 should be deducted 
from the assessment of each person having planted and cultivated an acre of 
forest trees, with not less than five hundred trees to the acre ; also, a deduction 
of $100 for each half-mile of two-year-old hedge, and §100 for each acre of 
fruit trees duly cultivated and planted ; provided always, that in each case the 
owner send to the Board a general statement of the manner of planting and 
cultivation. 

CENSUS OF 1840 AND DEAF JIUTES. 

We quote from an article published in the " Annals of Iowa," October, 1871, 
written by Edmund Booth, of Anamosa, for more than twenty years the editor 
of the Eureka. Mr. Booth, though usually classed among deaf mutes, is not 
really such. He lost his hearing when a mere lad, and has the power of speech 
in a limited way. He was educated at the Hartford Institution for the Deaf 
and Dumb, and was subsequently, for seven years, a teacher in that institution. 
He writes : 

" In the spring of 1840, the site of what is now Anamosa did not contain 
a human dwelling of any kind. At the distance of a mile or more therefrom, 
and at a point now called Fisherville, there stood a log house, about 18x20 feet 
in size, owned by a company engaged in building mills, such as were needed by 
frontiersmen for grinding or sawing. The company consisted of Timothy Davis, 
of Dubuque; Gideon H. Ford and George H. Walworth, the first and last 
named being subsequently known in Iowa politics. There being no house 
within five miles of the place, Mr. Walworth brought two of his sisters from 
their home in Illinois to aid in housekeeping. One of these sisters was a mute 
from New Hampshire, and educated at the Hartford institution. Another mute, 
a young man, also educated at the same school, Mr. Walworth found at Alton, 
111., and brought on, as a skillful carpenter. The name of this young man was 
L. N. Perkins. 

" In May or June of the year above indicated, a brother-in-law of the 
writer. Col. David Wood, of Springfield, Mass., arrived, with his family, and 
with him I decided to erect a frame dwelling — the first frame dwelling erected 
in the county — on the site of what afterward became the town of Anamosa. 
The frame was prepared at the mills near the log house aforesaid, and in June 
or July we proceeded to dig the cellar. 

" One day, while engaged in the latter occupation, in company with Perkins, 
whom I had hired for the purpose, no other person being present, the Sheriff 
of the county, Hugh Bowen, came along in his usual way, on horseback.- He 
stopped, dismounted, drew a roll of papei'S from a tin case, and entered our 

[Note. — In this connection it may be interesting to tlie reader to know tliat the second marriage license in Jones 
County was issued July 25, lSi(t, to Edmund IJooth and JIary Ann Walworth, and that they were married on iho 
following day, by John G. Joslin, Justice of the Peace, who, in the absence of either form "of marriage ceremony, 
made u.-)e of the printed service of (Jueen Victoria to Prince Albert, which appeared about that time in the news- 
papers, the queen having marrie<l February 10 previous. Doubtless a very quiet wedding, as neither of the parties 
most interested could hear a sound, nor could Miss Walworth speak a sentence. — EniTon.] 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 351 

names, places of nativity, etc., in the census of 1840. Having performed this 
duty, the Sherift" remounted his horse and proceeded to the log house before 
mentioned. While he was entering our names and all the et ceteras, I noticed 
that his paper was printed in the form usual upon occasions of this kind, and 
that he placed the proper figure under the head of deaf mutes. The taking of 
the census was completed throughout the country, and was in due season printed 
and laid before Congress and the public. Many persons now living will 'remem- 
ber the storm wdiich the publication of this census brought up. John Quincy 
Adams, ex-President and then member of the Lower House at Washington, 
and others, as well as the newspapers, attacked it fiercely as having been manipu- 
lated in the interests of slavery. John Tyler was President, through the deatli 
of Harrison, and John C. Calhoun was Secretary of State. The office of Sec- 
retary of the Interior had not been created, and the Census Bureau had charge 
of census affairs subject to the control of the Secretary of State. The aboli- 
tion war was raging in Congress and out, and Southern politicians and North- 
ern tools declared slavery divine — the best possible condition for the blacks. 
To prove the truth of this latter assertion, the census returns had been so falsi- 
fied as to show that a far greater proportion of the free blacks of the North were 
variously afflicted with physical infirmities than was the case with the enslaved 
blacks of the South ; but possibly because there were not enough blacks in some 
of the Northern States, or because the fraud might be too easily detected, or 
because Southern statesmen in their ignorance of the real state of things in 
the North, supposed Northern mutes were generally uneducated, as those of the 
slave-holding States, the mutes of the North were very liberally classed in the 
published returns as deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic, insane and colored ! 

'• While the feeling on this subject of falsifying the census was at its height, 
I received a copy of the Hartford- Courant, in Avhich was a communication, 
probably written by Mr. Weld, the Principal, or some one of the teachers, giving 
the localities of the former pupils of the Hartford institution, and now pub- 
lished by the Government as colored and overwhelmed by all the ills that can 
afflict humanity. The mutes of Jones County, Iowa, that is, the three men- 
tioned above, I learned now for the first time, were down in the archives of the 
Government, and ^or the information of the coming ages down to the end of 
time, described as 'deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic, insane, colored.' 

" There are those who are readily irritated at trilling annoyances, but bear 
great misfortunes with a quiet philosophy or a stolid indifference. The state- 
ment just quoted was too atrocious, too extravagant and too absurd for indigna- 
tion. It brought greatly to my recollection the wrathful exclamation found in 
Shakespeare : 

" ' Get thee glass eyes, 
And, like a scurvy politician, seem 
To see the things thou seest not.' 

"Years passed until 1847, and the Territory of Iowa had become a State. 
The subject of a school for deaf mutes within our borders had occasionally 
crossed my mind and been dismissed as untimely. As a Territory, nothing 
could be done save in a private way. Iowa, as a State, could make provisions 
whereby mutes might have e({ual educational privileges with hearing children. 
But the State was neither populous nor wealthy enough to embark in costly 
schemes, and I therefore w'rote to Thomas Officer, Principal of the Institution 
for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, at Jacksonville, 111., to ascertain 
whether, and on what terms, his school would receive and educate the mutes 
of Iowa. His answer was favorable; the terms, I think, $100 a year for 



352 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

board and tuition. This was during the early part of the session of 1848-49 
of the Iowa Legislature. 

" On receiving Mr. Officer's answer. I immediately wrote to Dr. Nathan G. 
Sales, then representing our county in the Lower House, requesting him to 
inaugurate and press through a bill authorizing the sending to the school at 
Jacksonville such Iowa mutes as were of educational age, and before they 
became too old to enjoy the advantage, at the same time stating that our new 
commonwealth was too young and not sufficiently advanced in population or 
ability to start a school of our own. Incidentally, and as a tolerably good 
joke, though at my own expense, and never dreaming of the use to which the 
Doctor would put it, I told him that by the census of 1840, all the mutes of 
Jones County were bound up in calf, laid away in the Government Library and 
published to the world as, 'deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic and insane niggers,' ask- 
ing his opinion at the same time, as a physician, whether it was possible for a 
person to be at once idiotic and insane ? In this letter I enclosed the one from 
Mr. Officer. 

'' The Doctor, as he afterward told me, read my letter in open session and 
there was a general laugh, as well there might be. He brought in a bill 
making provisions for the education of the mutes and blind of the State, but 
met with opposition on the score of poverty. He therefore resorted to strategy. 
There was a bill providing for a sword for some officer who had distinguished 
himself in the Mexican war. The Doctor compared the extravagance of this 
motion with the necessity of assistance to the afflicted of the State, and secured 
the passage of the bill through the House. 

"The bill became a law and appropriated $50 per year to every mute sent 
to the institution at Jacksonville, the parents or friends to pay the balance 
necessary to make up the $100 required annually. It was the best that could 
be done at that time. 

" In the spring of 1849, I went to California and returned in 1854. On 
inquiry, I found that the law had been so changed as to allow each mute $100 
annually in the Illinois school. During my five years of absence, the State hid 
grown remarkably in population and wealth, and now I thought the time had come 
for a school of our own. With this view, I again wrote to Mr. Officer, the 
Principal of the Jacksonville Institution, for data regarding the number of our 
pupils, etc., and hinting at the establishment of a school in Iowa. Trouble in 
one of my lungs, resulting from lung fever during student days, forebade my 
taking the work of teaching on myself. I therefore wrote to David E. Bart- 
lett, who was conducting a private school of mutes at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 
stating how the matter stood and suggesting to him to come and start a school 
at loAva City, then the capital of the State. Mr. Bartlett had formerly been a 
fellow-teacher with me in Hartford, and I knew him to be abundantly qualified, 
he being by nature a hearty enthusiast in his profession, and having the love 
and respect of his pupils and all the mutes of his acquaintance. To my great 
regret he declined the proposal, pleading ' age and seventeen little responsibili- 
ties ' — meaning his pupils. Knowing no other teacher of mutes outside of the 
regular institutions worth having, and knowing also that no teacher, properly 
qualified, naturally and otherwise, connected with any established institution 
would sever such connection for what might appear a Don Quixotic adventure 
into a frontier State, I concluded to wait until near the time of the assembling 
of the next Iowa Legislature, and then, by letter or some other means, enlist a 
few of the prominent men of Iowa City in the project, induce them to bring 
the matter before the Legislature and obtain an appropriation for the founding 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTV. 353 

of an Iowa Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, to be located 
at the capital of the State. A foundation of this kind once laid, I knew there 
would not be the slightest difficulty in finding any one of the best teachers in 
the older institutions to take charge of it. 

" While I was waiting the lapse of a few months, the Iowa City papers 
informed me that a Mr. Ijams, of the Jacksonville institution, had appeared with 
the intention of starting a school for mutes. Prominent men in Iowa City 
enlisted in the project. The Legislature responded favorably, and success 
crowned the effort. At the first State Fair held at Iowa City, I attended and 
called at the institution a half-hour every morning before the fair was fully 
opened. 

"When it was proposed in the Legislature to erect a new building and give 
the school a permanent location, Dr. Sales suggested to me to get up a move- 
ment in favor of its removal to Anamosa. 'No,' I replied, ' public institutions 
are liable to mismanagement and abuse by those in charge, and it is essential to 
have this school at the State capital, where it will be under the immediate eye 
of the Legislature and the State officers.' The institution went to Council 
Bluffs." 

The sketch shows that, directly and indirectly, the humane and complete pro- 
visions now in existence for the care of deaf mutes in Iowa were, in their begin- 
nings, the results of the efforts of Jones County men. 

POLITICAL. 

Jones County has been, since 1856, a Republican County. The new party 
movement in 1874, called the Anti-Monopoly movement, formed an alliance with 
the Democratic party, which, in 1873, elected their ticket by from 300 to 400 
majority. Some of those on the ticket had previously been Republicans. They 
were opposed, however, by the regular Republican nominees, and their success 
was, of course, a defeat to the opposite party. 

The formal organization of the Republican party was on the 5th day of 
January, 1857, at a meeting held in Anamosa on that date, of which C. L. D. 
Crockwell was Chairman, and George Higby, Secretary. 

A committee to report plan of organization was appointed, composed of A. 
H. Marvin, of Monticello ; Thomas S. Hubbard, of Castle Grove ; W. S. 
Niles, of Madison ; H. 0. Brown, of Clay ; and J. S. Dimmitt, of Fairview. 

The following resolution was reported and adopted : 

Whkreas, We have full confidence in the national organization of the Republican party, 
and believe that we should use all honorable means for the triumph of its principles ; therefore, 

Resolved, That the Republicans of Jones County adopt the following course for an organiza- 
tion in said county: First, That there be a Central Committee of three appointed, residents of 
Anamosa, who shall constitute a Board, whose duty it shall be to call meetings, conventions, 
etc., in this county, and shall attend to the distribuiion of tickets at elections ; second, that an 
Executive Committee of one from each township be appointed to co-operate with the Central Com- 
mittee, and to call meetings in their several toivnships ; third, that the Central and Executive 
Committees shall elect from their number a President, Treasurer and Secretary. 

W. J. Henry, C. L. D. Crockwell and J. S. Dimmitt were chosen Central 
Committee. 

The Township Executive Committee was appointed, composed of Milo Q. 
Thompson, of Cass ; George Higby, of Castle Grove ; John Russell, of Clay ; 
Pratt R. Skinner, of Fairview ; Thomas Goudy, of Greenfield ; C. F. Lewis, 
of Hale ; M. H. Byerly, of Jackson ; John Niles, of Madison ; A. H. Marvin, 
of Monticello; Jas. Kent, of Oxford; A. G. Brown, of Pierce (now Wyoming) ; 



354 



HISTORV OF JONES COUNTY. 



Barrett Whittenaore, of Richland; Dr. Carpenter, of Roma; John E. Lovejoy, 
of Scotch Grove; G. C. Mudgett, of Wayne. 

A. H. Marvin and W. S. Holmes were first delegates, chosen to represent 
Jones County in the Republican State Convention of 1857. 

The Greenback movement has not elicited many supporters in Jones County. 
Fortv-four votes were cast for Peter Cooper in 1876, which is probably a fair 
meas*ure of the strength of the soft-money element at that time. They have no 
newspaper organ in the county, and have never ventured to nominate a county 
ticket. 

The Presidential vote of each campaign is a pretty good index to the 
political bias of a community. We give the returns in Jones County since 
1852: 1852--Pierce, 338; Scott, 266; Hale, 22; 1856— Fremont, 961; 
Buchanan, 663; Fillmore, 10; 1860— Lincoln, 1,453; Douglas, 1,097; 1864 
—Lincoln, 1,530; McClellan, 941; 1868— Grant, 2,400; Seymour, 1,277; 
1872— Grant, 2,285; Greeley, 1,237; O'Connor, 4; 1876— Hayes, 2,591; 
Tilden, 1,763; Cooper, 44. 

An abstract of votes at the elections of 1876 and 1878 will be a matter of 
interest. 

VOTE OF 1876-78. 





1876— PRESIDENTIAL. 


1878. 




R. B. Hayes. 


S. J. Tilden. 


SECKETABY OF STATE. | CLEKK OF COUKT. 


TOWNSHIPS. 


J. A. T. Hull, 
Republican. 


E. M. Farns- 

worth. 

Democrat. 


1 
B. H. WhiteJj.M.D.Joslin, 
Republican. Demucrat. 




123 

91 

106 

405 

112 

166 

72 

209 

331 

101 

59 

225 

142 



173 

270 


70 

99 

62 
323 
119 

45 
113 

35 
234 
102 

96 
103 

26 
161 

40 
136 


88 
88 
87 

347 
88 

120 
61 

193 

319 
86 
65 

162 

81 

5 

117 

234 


34 

105 

56 


81 
94 
88 


42 




98 


Clav 


55 




233 1 376 


207 


Greeufield 

Hale 


117 
30 
05 
44 

193 


90 
125 

63 

■199 

331 


115 
25 


.Jackson 


90 




38 




181 


Oxfoi-d 


107 1 87 


106 


Richlaml 


85 
92 
"31 
120 
33 
81 


66 
181 

82 

6 

119 

272 


84 


Rome 


84 




30 


Washincton 


120 


Wayne ... 

Wyoming 


31 
42 






Total 


2591 


1763 


. 2141 


1 456 2259 


1348 













LYNCH L.\AV. 



In the early part of the month of December, 1857, Hiram Roberts, a 
reputed thief, counterfeiter and desperado, fell into the hands of the Vigilance 
Committee, about four hundred strong, near Red Oak Grove, in Cedar County. 
Roberts was brought into Walnut Fork, in Jones County, tried by the com- 
mittee, found guilty and hanged. 

We have made diligent inquiry in reference to the hanging of Roberts, 
and, from what we can learn, the parties engaged in the transaction deserve to 
be severely censured. It is stated by some who resided in the county at the 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 355 

time, and had a full knowledge of the facts, that before the arrest of Roberts 
could be made, he being armed at the time, a pledge was made to him that in 
case he would peaceably surrender, he should be taken to the County seat and 
there allowed a fair and impartial trial. If this be true, and there seems to be 
good reason for believing it, the action of the Committee was decidedly an out- 
rage, for which they deserve to be severely reproached. We are told by one 
who was a member of the Committee, that the protest of many was entered at 
the time, but without effect. Whatever may have been the character of Rob- 
erts, the pledge of the Committee was binding and ought to have been so 
regarded. In justice to those who executed this man, it is proper to state that 
this portion of the State of Iowa was, at that time, infested with a set of 
outlaws and horse-thieves, and that severe measures were imperative to the end 
that the country might be safe, and purged of desperadoes. Again, it is affirmed 
that courts of justice had frequently been sought, but failed to be a means of 
redress. Juries feared to condemn men whom they believed guilty, lest they 
might soon suffer in loss of life or property. 

Without doubt, the Vigilance Committee was a means of doing much last- 
ing good to the country, but in the case of having made a solemn pledge, we 
can but think it incumbent upon them to have faithfully kept the same. 

A TORNADO. 

On Sunday, June 3, 1860, a most terrible tornado passed over Linn, a por- 
tion of Jones, Clinton and other counties of low'a and Illinois, resulting in 
serious loss of life. Greenfield and Rome ToAvnships were in the path of the 
whirlwind, in Jones County, where nine persons were killed. 

The following account of the casualties was given in the Anamosa 
Eureka : 

" W. Allen's famih% living in the house of William Robinson, was killed, 
and the house blown to atoms. The family consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Allen, 
one boy, seven years old, and two little girls, aged five and two years. John 
Niles, of Cedar County, had stopped at Allen's house a short time before the 
storm, and was also killed. Mr. Allen and Mr. Niles were alive when found, 
but died shortly after. The others were instantly killed and horribly mangled. 
Mr. Allen was found about five rods north from where the house stood. Mrs. 
Allen lay twenty-five rods to the southwest; one girl thirty-three rods south- 
west, and the other, sixty-five rods to the southeast ; the boy was about forty 
rods distant from the house, in the same direction. One of the sills of the 
house, sixteen feet long and eight by ten inches, was found about thirty rods 
west, buried thirteen feet in the soil of the prairie. 

•' Here the storm was most destructive. The ground was literally plowed 
up, covered with rails, stakes, etc., standing upright, some of them buried half 
their length in the ground. The grass was cut shorter than it could have been 
with a scythe. 

" Nine head of horses, thirteen head of cattle and twelve of hogs were 
found dead on one eighty-acre lot, and nearly as many more were taken from 
the same land badly injured. Dead dogs, rabbits, cats, domestic and prairie 
chickens were also found. 

" Charles Robinson's house was blown down, his property destroyed and 
his family injured to some extent. Andrew Pettit suffered the loss of his 
house. The family were saved by taking refuge in the cellar. Schoolhouses 
in Subdistricts No. 6 and No. 4, in Greenfield Township, were demolished. 



356 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

William Khol lost both house and barn, though the family escaped with but 
slight injury. 

" G. W. Lattimer's house was blown down and his family severely injured. 
Jacob Cole was left homeless, and mourns the severe injuries of two children. 
E. M. Nickerson's dwelling was carried entirely from the foundations, but with- 
out injury to its inhabitants. M. H. Nickerson's house was carried away. 
The family were, fortunately, absent. Isaac Staffy's home was destroyed, and 
his family somewhat injured. 

'' In Rome Township, Mr. Piper's house Avas swept from its foundations, 
and two of his children killed. Mr. Piper suffered a double fracture in his 
arm, and his wife experienced some severe bruises. His barn was unroofed 
and almost completely destroyed. A heavy lumber wagon near his barn was 
entirely demolished, and the iron-work twisted and bent in almost every 
shape. 

•' Elisha Miller lost his house, crops, etc. His son, twelve years of age, 
was killed, and his wife badly injured. Samuel Cook, a young man living 
with Mr. Miller, was severely maimed. N. Bernard's house was entirely 
destroyed, and his family more or less afflicted by physical suffering. The 
houses of Mr. Scoles, William May and William Brockelhurst were almost com- 
pletely demolished." 

AN EXPENSIVE FUNERAL. 

The following incident is taken from the Anamosa Eureka of February 
24, 1860 : 

" Last week, a man hailing from Washington Township, in this county, 
called on the County Judge and presented a bill of $26 for burying a pauper. 
The Judge remarked that he thought the bill rather high, and asked for the 
items. 

" The man said he paid $10 for the coffin, $2 for the shroud and $1.50 for 
digging the grave. 

" ' What other expenses were there ? ' asked the Judge. 

" ' We bought three gallons of ivhisky, some tobacco, coffee, tea and 
sugar. ' 

" ' Well,' said the Judge, ' I will allow you the amount of your claim for 
the coffin, shroud and digging the grave, but the other things cannot be paid 
for by the county.' 

" The applicant replied that he was authorized by the Township Trustees 
to purchase the whisky and other articles for a ivake, and he thought the 
county ought to pay the claims. 

" The Judge refused to make the allowance and the claimant departed, 
threatening to sue the Trustees for the amount." 

WAR HISTORY. 

If there is any one thing more than another of which the people of the 
Northern States have reason to be proud, it is of the record they made during 
the dark and blood}"^ days of the war of the rebellion. When the war was 
forced upon the country, the people were quietly pursuing the even tenor of 
their ways, doing whatever their hands found to do — making farms or culti- 
vating those already made, erecting homes, founding cities and towns, building 
shops and manufactories — in short, the country was alive with industry and 
hopes for the future. The people were just recovering from the depressions 




(i^JeAt~~£),y^. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 359 

and losses incident to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright 
and promising, and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the 
Free States were buoyant with hope — looking forward to the perfecting of new 
plans for the securement of comfort and competence in the declining years of 
life; they little heeded the mutterings and threatenings of treason's children 
in the Slave States of the South. True sons and descendants of the heroes 
of the " times that tried men's souls" — the struggle for American indepen- 
dence — they never dreamed that there was even one so base as to dare attempt 
the d(>structi()n of the Union of their fathers — a government baptized with the 
best blood the world ever knew. While immediately surrounded with peace 
and tranquillity, they paid but little attention to the rumored plots and plans 
of those who lived and grew rich from the sweat and toil, blood and flesh of 
others ; aye, even trafficked in the offspring of their own loins. Nevertheless, 
the war came, with all its attendant horrors. 

April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charleston, South Carolina, Maj. 
Anderson, U. S. A., Commandant, Avas fired upon by rebel arms. Although 
basest treason, this first act in the bloody reality that followed, was looked 
upon as the mere bravado of a few hot-heads, the act of a few fire-eaters 
whose sectional bias and freedom hatred was crazed by excessive indulgence in 
intoxicating potions. When, a day later, the news was borne along the tele- 
graphic wires that Maj. Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had 
at first been regarded as a drunken mob, the patriotic people of the North 
were startled from the dreams of the future, from undertakings half completed, 
and made to realize that behind that mob there was a dark, deep and well- 
organized purpose to destroy the Government, rend the Union in twain, and 
out of its ruins erect a slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare question 
their right to hold in bondage the sons and daughters of men whose skins were 
black, or who, perchance, through practices of lustful natures, were half or 
quarter removed from the color that God, for His OAvn purposes, had given 
them. But "they reckoned without their host." Their dreams of the future, 
their plans for the establishment of an independent confederacy, were doomed 
from their inception to sad and bitter disappointment. 

Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln — Amer- 
ica's martyr President — who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the oath 
of office as the nation's chief Executive, issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 
volunteers for three months. The last word of that proclamation had scarcely 
been taken from the electric wires before the call was filled. Men and money 
were counted out by the thousands. The people who loved their whole Govern- 
ment could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated 
through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, 
the bench, the college, the schoolhouse — every calling off"ered its best men. their 
lives and their fortunes in defense of the Government's honor and unity. Party 
lines were for the time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in moments of political 
heat, wei'e forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common cause, they 
repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman, " By the Great Eternal, 
THE Union must and shall be preserved I " 

Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor 
were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it 
began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the Free States to 
crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to every 
call for either men or money, there was a willing and ready response. And it 
is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there were 





360 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered them- 
selves as sacrifices on their countr^^'s altar. Such were the impulses, motives 
and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the loyal sons of 
Jones County, Iowa, made a conspicuous and praiseworthy record. 

The compiler has sought to secure a continuous record of all the patriotic 
meetings of the people of the county in the order in which they took place, but 
as many meetings were held of which no record was kept, except in the faith- 
ful breasts of loyal men and liberty-loving women, the war history must be 
more or less fragmentary, and, in a great measure, not as satisfactory as he had 
hoped to have made it. He has searched all the files of newspapers published 
in the county at the time, and the result of his research is given below. He 
feels gratified to state that enough has been secured to testify most emphatically 
to the unbounded heroism and lofty patriotism of the loyal citizens of Jones 
County during the days of the nation's darkest forebodings. No county in the 
State sent out braver men, and no ^.'tate in the Union can boast of a more 
glorious record. 

UNION MEETING. 

Pursuant to notice, the citizens of Jones County, irrespective of party, 
assembled in mass convention at the Court House, in Anamosa, on Saturday, 
the 19th day of January, 1861, at 11 o'clock A, M. 

On motion of Dr. N. G. Sales, Messrs. Davis McCarn and E. V. Miller 
were appointed Temporary Chairmen, and Matt Parrott and J. L. Sheean, 
Secretaries. 

On motion of W. G. Hammond, Esq., the Chair was empowered to appoint 
a Committee of five on Permanent Organization, and appointed as such Com- 
mittee Messrs. W. G. Hammond, N. G. Sales, George W. Field, C. Chapman 
and C. T. Lamson. 

E. Cutler, Esq., moved that the convention adjourn for one week — the late 
storm having prevented an attendance from the other parts of the county. Lost. 

On motion of 0. Burke, Esq., the Chair appointed 0. Burke, J. J. Dick- 
inson, S. T. Pierce, E. Cutler and J. Mann as a Committee on Resolutions. 
The Committee assembled at the time designated. 

The Committee on Permanent Organization reported as follows : President, 
G. W. Field ; Vice Presidents, Messrs. J. Mann. \V. H. Holmes and F. S. 
McKean; Secretaries, Messrs. John S. Stacy and J. L. Sheean — which report 
was received and adopted. 

The Committee on Resolutions, not being ready to report, the convention 
was addressed by N. G. Sales, W. G. Hammond and others. The Committee 
on Resolutions appeared, and, through S. T. Pierce, Esq., reported the follow- 
ing preamble and resolutions : 

Whekeas, The people of Jones County, in mass convention assembled, without distinction 
of party, believing thai the present unhappy condition of our country demands the immediate 
and serious attention of every good citizen and patriot; and, further, believing that it is idle 
and impolitic to discuss the causes of present calamities, but most expedient to search for a 
remedy which will cure our present difficulties and secure to us permanent and national tran- 
quillity, and to that end and for that purpose we will divest ourselves of party feelings and 
sectional prcjiidices, in order to best promote and secure present and future harmony and 
union ; therefore, 

Resolvfd, That we are unwilling now to abandon or in the least endanger the Union of the 
States, which lias existed so long with such unprecedented results, both as to our individual and 
national happiness and prosperity. 

Resnlvd, Thai the Federal Government is one of limited power derived solely from the 
Constitution, and the grants of power made therein ought to be strictly construed by all depart- 
ments and agents of the Government. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 361 

Resolved, That we are in favor of the equality of the States in the distribution of all ben- 
efits and burdens of our Government, and a prompt, energetic and impartial administration of 
all constitutional laws; and upon this principle we stand, hoping and demanding of our Sena- 
tors and Representatives in Congress that they will make every eifort in their power to effect an 
equal, liberal and equitable adjustment of present national difficulties. 

Resolved, That we love and cherish the Government under which we live, and hold in high 
esteem and regard our brothers of the Southern States, and regret that there are mutual sub- 
jects of complaini and difference existing between the Northern and Southern sections of our 
confederacy, and believe that our differences can be better settled in the Union than out of it, 
and that such difficulties and differences can be arranged and settled if a mutual spirit of fore- 
bearance and good will is exercised by both our Northern and Southern brethren, and that it is 
a right and a duty we owe to each other to make Just concessions to restore peace and harmony 
between the diff'erent sections of the countrj*. 

Resolved, That, in the words of .James Buchanan, " resistance to lawful authority, under 
our form of Government, cannot fail, in the end, to prove disastrous to its authors ;" that we 
therefore appeal to our Southern brethren to cease such resistance and to submit the questions 
in dispute hetween tis to the (constitutional authorities of our common country. 

Resolvd, That, in the noble stand taken by Maj. Anderson in defense of the flag of our 
Union and the property it should protect calls for the admiration and respect of every lover of 
his country. 

On motion of N. G. Sales, the report of the Committee Avas received and 
the Committee discharged. Moved that the resolutions be voted on separately. 
Lost. 

On motion of W. H. Holmes, the resolutions were adopted. N. G. Sales 
moved that the proceedings of the convention, with the resolutions adopted, be 
published in the Anamosa Eureka and the Marion Democrat. Carried. S. T. 
Pierce moved that a copy of the proceedings and resolutions of this convention 
be forwarded to each of our Senators and Representatives in Congress. Carried. 

On motion, the convention adjourned sine die. John S. Stacy and J. L. 
Sheean, Secretaries. 

THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS' RESOLUTIONS OF LOYALTY, .JUNE 6, 1861. 

The Supervisors of Jones County closed their labors Thursday, June 6, 
1861, by passing the following: 

Whereas, The great American nation has, under the kind guidance of Almighty God and a 
patriotic and liberty-loving people, safely passed through eighty-four anniversaries without the 
hand of a domestic traitor having been raised to overthrow the noble fabric of constitutional 
liberty raised by the patriots of the Revolution ; 

And VVhekeas, In the present year of grace, 1861, and on the eve of the eighty-fifth anni- 
versary of our national independence, we see, for the first time, numerous and thoroughly 
organized traitors raising their fratricidal hands with a view to force the dismemberment and 
overthrow of the best government on the earth, we deem it expedient to call upon the whole 
people of .Jones County to come together on the approaching -Ith day of July, and, with united 
liearts and hands manifest their devotion to the nation, its unity, and the principles of the Dec- 
laration of Independence ; therefore 

Resolved, That the Board appoint a Committee of citizens from each township, and request 
them to make all necessary arrangements for the celebration of the eighty-fifth anniversary of 
American Independence. 

Resolved, That we recommend that the citizens of the whole county assemble at the grove- 
half a mile south of the center of the county, in the northeast corner of Jackson Township, and 
bring with them such provisions and lumber as will be suflScient to provide tables and refresh- 
ments for all. 

Rei-olved, That the Committee be requested to provide a band of music, powder and speakers- 
for the occasion. 

Resolved, That the following individuals in the various townships are hereby appointed a 
Committee to make all necessary arrangements ; and they are requested to meet on the ground 
where said ce'ebration is proposed to be held, on the 20th day of June, at 10 o'clock A. M., and 
there take such action as to them may seem proper: Names of Committee — Cass, E. B. Alder- 
man; Castle Grove, Thomas J. Peak: Clr.y, John Russell; Fairvievv, N. G. Sales, C. C. Buell ; 
Greenfield, Elias V. Miller; Hale, Don A. Carpi.'nter; Jackson, Daniel N. Monroe; Madison, 
John Niles; Monticello, W. H. Walworth; O.iford, Milo C. Lathrop ; Richland, Isaac Willard ;^ 



362 HISTORY OF JONKS COUNTY. 

Rome. Charles II. I^iill; Scotch (Jrovc, A.J.Allen; Washington, Thomas McNally ; Wayne, 
Noah Riijley ; Wyoming, .lames .V. Hroiison. 

Rcsdlvcd, That the sum of one hundred dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is 
hereby appropriated from the county treasury for tlie purpose of providing music and powder. 

Tliu.s it is seen that the Board of Supervi.sors of Jones County, in 1861, 
were decidedly loyal and eminently patriotic. 

PATRIOTIC MEETING IN ROME. 

A Union meeting was held in the grove near the village of Rome, on the 
24th of May, 1861. The citizens of the town and vicinity turned out c;i masse. 
The meeting came to order by electing Ezra Carpenter, Escj., Chairman. 

A patriotic and soul-stirring address was delivered by the Rev. 0. E. Aid- 
rich, which was received with frequent demonstrations of applause by the people. 
After the address, three cheers were given for the Union, with a vim that spoke 
love for our country and death to traitors. A company of Homo Guards at 
this time was nearly full. E. C. Rigby was the Secretary at the above meet- 
ing. 

THE COUNTY FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION. 

A grand county celebration of the Fourth of July, took place in pursuance 
of the resolutions and suggestions of the Board of Supervisors, made at their 
June meeting in 1861. The celebration was on Thursday, the 4th of July, 
1861. 

The perilous condition of the country brought men of all parties together 
to observe the anniversary of our national birth, and to repeat anew their vows 
to freedom. Early in the morning, teams, singly and in companies, began to 
throng from all parts of the county toward the point which had been desig- 
nated by the Bourd of Supervisors, near the center of the county. At 10 o'clock, 
A. M., the scene was the strangest of the kind ever encountered in the West. 
The road ran along a high ridge, and on both sides of it and on each of 
the wide and gently sloping spurs, shooting out every few rods, were horses, 
wagons, buggies, carriages, men, women, children and babies by the thousands ; 
and, in every direction, the American Hag iloated in the light and refreshing 
breeze, which, with the shade of the sufficiently abundant oaks, tempered the 
heat of a warm summer day. Such an assembly in a city is common enough, 
but this was an assembly in the wilderness. Not a house, not a sign that man 
had touched nature here was visible, save in the few brief days' labor of the 
Committee of Preparation. It was a fitting place wherein to assemble on such 
a day and for such a ])urpose, when the nation Avas in its life and death struggle 
for existence. 

The Committee of Arrangements had done as well as could be hoped for in 
the short time allowed them, and better than could have been expected. On 
the rather steep slope of a spur, north of the road, a staging had been erected 
facing up the slope, and, in front of this, seats sufficient to accommodate, per- 
haps, one thousand persons. Back of the stage, and at the bottom of the ravine, 
a well had been dug some ton or more feet deep, and, at the bottom, a 
barrel fixed. It was a comical sort of a well, but it served the purpose, in a 
measure, for some hours. 

On another ridge and back of the wall, stood the six-pounder, manned by 
the Wyoming Artillery Company, in gray shirts, under Capt. Walker. The 
other military companies were the Canton Company, Capt. Hanna; they wore 



IITSTOIIV OF J()Ni:S COUNTY. 363 

red military coats, were armed with rifles and were fine looking; the Rough 
and Readys, of Rome, Capt. L. A. Roberts, with blue military coats, white 
pants and glazed caps, sixty-five men, also fine looking: Carpenter's Company, 
Rome, Capt. Carpenter, eighty men, with gray coats, likewise made a fine 
appearance; the Greenfield Company, mounting eighty men, John Secrist, 
Commander: these were in frock coats and wore white plumes; they, too, 
showed well, and still more in drill and fitness for the most desperate fighting; 
the Scotch Grove Guards, from Scotch Grove. Capt. Magee, formed a large 
company; these wore no uniforms, but their appearance indicated they were 
the right men for fighting. There were six companies of young men, all 
formed and drilled, in the space of three months. It appears that all these 
entered the army in due time and did good service. 

The proceedings at the stand were patriotic and entertaining. During the 
reading of the Declaration of Independence, the general attention was close, 
and the responsibilities of the hour seemed to impress all minds. The singing, 
with the Marshal waving the star-spangled banner to the words, was very 
effective. The address was by a Mr, Utley — a good Union speech, and was 
very generally approved. Music by the various military bands was abundant and 
lively. The picnic that followed was much enjoyed by all who partook of the 
dainties provided for the occasion. The military went through with some of 
their exercises and then the proceedings of the afternoon began, which con- 
sisted of speeches from difterent persons, when, owing to a want of an abun- 
dant supply of water, the vast assembly Avas dispersed at a much earlier hour 
than it otherwise would have been. 

It was evident that the loyalty of Jones County could be relied upon, and 
that her citizens were ready to do their full duty in crushing out treason. 

INCIDENTS OF ENLIST.MENT. 

Up to the IDth of July, 18G1, Jones County had sent no company of its 
own to the war, but had contributed many of its best citizens to companies 
raised in adjoining counties. 

At least a half-dozen men went into Capt. Leffingwell's mounted company. 
Four went from the villaije of Bowen's Prairie, viz., Howard Smith, Orin 
Crane, Theodore Hopkins and Isaac White. Their departure for the seat of 
war was the occasion of a very pleasant scene which occurred at their rendez- 
vous in the beautiful grove near the residence of Otis Whittemore. The Home 
Guards of that town, under command of Lieut. Isaac Willard, escorted them 
some miles on their way, after a solemn leave-taking and addresses by Messrs. 
Bates, Searle, Johnson, 0. Whittemore, Willard, Briggs and Hopkins. Rev. Mr. 
Searle was with the mounted escort, and offered, on horseback, a prayer that was 
alike impressive in itself and in the circumstances and situation of its delivery. 

Mr. White had not volunteered with the rest, but sat watching the proceed- 
ings, when Curtis Stone, Esq., rode up on a fine horse, the best he owned. 
"If I had that horse," said White, "I would go too." "Take it," was the 
rejjly. " It is 3'ours." No sooner said than done. White vaulted into the 
saddle and started to fight for his country. 

Here is another incident, which we take from the Dubuque Times (dated 
in July, 1861) : 

" ^1 Patriotic Chrijijman. — A gentleman from this city has been enlisting 
men in Jones County for the cavalry company of which Col. Heath is Lieu- 
tenant. In Scotch Grove Township, a young man eidisted and went to a 



364 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

clei-f^yman to buy a horse. The reverend gentleman said he had no horse sell to 
for this war, but, pointing to the best one he had, 'There's one,' said he, 
' which you are welcome to.' " 

Such patriotism is praiseworthy. 

FIRST COMPANY OF VOLUNTEERS. 

About the 10th of August, 1861, William T. Shaw, Esq., who had been 
appointed Commissary by the Governor, was notified that a company of volun- 
teers would be accepted, and he immediately went to work to raise it. The 
various companies of Home Guards were invited to come to Anamosa, and on 
Monday, the 12th of August, twenty-eight wagons came in from Rome, Hale, 
Jackson and Madison Townships, bringing a company under Capt. Carpenter. 
Tuesday, some eighteen or twenty wagons arrived from Scotch Grove, with 
thirty-five men, under Capt. Magee, and accompanied by thirty ladies. This 
latter company was met at the depot by those who came the day previous and 
the Greenfield Home Guards, who escorted them to the Fisher House, the 
Scotch Grove ladies falling into the procession behind, and remaining in line 
with them until dismissed for dinner. 

In the afternoon, a meeting was held at the City Hall, for the purpose of 
filling the company, electing officers, etc. But, unfortunately, a split occurred 
in regard to the destination of the company. The Scotch Grove boys said 
thev volunteered under a promise to be taken to Washington, and did not want 
to go anywhere el-sc, Avhile Mr. Shaw had orders for the company to proceed to 
Davenport, from whence they were to go to Missouri. The Scotch Grove boys 
and fifteen volunteers from Bowen's Prairie finally withdrew, declaring they 
would make up another company. 

The company under Capt. Carpenter remained, and most of them signed the 
muster-roll. The election resulted in the unajiimous choice of D. A. Carpenter for 
Captain. The company not being full, men were sent out to drum up recruits, 
and at the time of starting, the company numbered sixty-three men. 

Thursday morning was the time fixed upon for the departure of the com- 
pany. At an early hour, the friends of the volunteers came pouring into town 
by hundreds. The men were formed into line in front of the Fisher House, and 
each one was presented with a Testament by the Jones County Bible Society, 
Rev. Mr. Eberhart making a few appropriate remarks during the presentation. 

Mr. Buell was then called upon, and briefly addressed the company, giving 
them some good advice, wishing them God-speed and a safe return, and bid- 
ding them fiirewell. 

The company was then marched to the depot, Avhere was assembled the 
largest crowd seen in the town for a long time. Many ladies were present 
through the entire morning and up to the moment the cars started. There 
were many sad faces and a few cheerful ones ; many tears, and some manly 
tears, too, were shed. The boys took their seats, the conductor gave the word, 
and the cars and their precious load were off. 

Thus the first Jones County company Avas formed and took its departure 
for the seat of war. 

GRAND TURN-OUT OF MILITARY AND CITIZENS. 

Monday, the 19th of August, 1861, was an epoch in the history of Jones 
€ounty. If any one had ever doubted the patriotic feeling of its citizens, they 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 365 

could no longer do so. The fires of patriotism burned brightly in their bosoms, 
and their devotion to the cause of civil and religious liberty was clearly evinced 
by their ardor in responding to the call of their country, and showed, beyond a 
doubt, that the noble blood of '76 was still coursing in their veins ; and they 
were prepared, if necessary, to shed tiieir blood for the preservation of those 
rights and that liberty which were won by the blood and sacrifices of our fathers. 
It had been announced that on INIonday, the 19th inst., the company of Jones 
County volunteers, under Capt. Harper, would meet at the picnic grounds near 
Monticello, and be presented with a flag by the ladies of Bowen's Prairie. 
About noon, the volunteers from Scotch Grove, Clay and vicinity, began to 
arrive at Monticello accompanied by a large concourse of friends. After par- 
taking of dinner provided by the landlord at Monticello, the procession, consist- 
ing of sixty-four teams, proceeded to the grounds with banners flying and drums 
beating. Upon arriving at the gi-ounds, the procession from Bowen's Prairie 
was seen winding its way into the grove, consisting of volunteers, people, colors 
and music. The two processions soon formed themselves around the speaker's 
stand, and the meeting was organized b}' calling John D. Walwortli to act as 
President. An appropriate and eloquent prayer Avas then offered by the Rev. 
Mr. Bates, of Cascade. Mr, Clark then sang the "■ Red, White and Blue." 
After the song. Miss Emma Crane, in behalf of the ladies of Bowen's Prairie, 
then presented the company with an elegant flag accompanied by the following 
address : 

"Jones County Volunteers: As the representative of and in behalf of the 
ladies of Bowen's Prairie, I appear before you holding in my hand the emblem 
of our country's purity, liberty and greatness — the Stars and Stripes. I 
have the honor and pleasure of bestowing upon you and consigning to your 
charge this banner, as the free gift of the ladies of Bowen's Prairie ; and, upon 
your reception of this simple favor, may I be allowed the privilege of briefly 
expressing the sentiments of its donors ; and I would especially impress upon 
your minds the idea that I come not fresh from the school-girl's sanctum, with 
a labored essay of fairy scenes and flowery fields, to quiet your minds to a 
standard of peaceful home life. No ! I come to speak to you of the agitated 
state of your country, in which woman feels, or should feel, the same spirit of 
animation that governs your purposes and actions. And if, in thus assuming 
this prerogative, my language should seem uncouth or lack versatility, I hope 
I may receive the charitable indulgence of all, for, you must be aware, to com- 
municate upon a topic that very seldom falls to the lot of a wom;^n, and in a 
time and under circumstances that have never before presented themselves to 
the women of our country, is an efl'ort that demands the tongue of excellence. 

"We now look upon you in a military capacity, organized as a band of soldiers, 
and each of you more or less animated by the enthusiasm that universally per- 
vades every true American heart at this time. While looking out upon the 
scene before you, of mighty convulsions, an extensive civil war threatening the 
very foundation of the noble in^.titutions of our government upon which our 
individual prosperity is based, we come to ask of you : What is the standard of 
your enthusiasm? Is it a lofty standard of public morality ? Do pure and 
exalted conceptions of truth and justice pervade your hearts ? We shall 
acknowledge nothing less than this from each of you. You want our reasons ? 
You shall have them. This is no time for idle speculations or timid misgivings. 
For a score or more of years the mighty sluice-ways of political corruption 
have been opening and swelling, fed and fostered by an arbitrary disposition on 
the part of a few, to curtail and crush out the noble privileges enjoyed by the 



366 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

masses, till the people see looming fires of destruction in the distance, and 
awake at once to a sense of their danger and act as exigency dictates. Our 
country's traitors are aroused, and announce their right to destroy the Union, 
and they have placed themselves in an attitude to carry out their intentions at 
the point of the bayonet. * * * Soldiers ! Ave have put to you one plain 
question, and Ave will now submit one still plainer. Are you afraid to fight ? 
If so, you are not worthy recipients of that flag Avhich was purchased, and that 
dearly, by blood ; and it must be sustained and protected, however difficult, by 
the same element, else look at the result — the country broken and ruined in all 
her institutions, and naught left but here and there the segments of what it 
once was. * * * "^Ve have too much confidence in you and in our country's 
defenders to suppose that such a state of things can ever exist in our land. 
Here Ave see men ripe with patriotism, sound in sentiment, full of vigor, quick 
in conception to thus early see and do their duty and their country's need, full 
of pride, ambition and native dignity, freely responding to their country's call. 
And noAv, soldiers, divesting myself of every disposition to flattery, we have 
reason to feel proud of you — Jones County has reason to feel proud of you — 
that thus vou so Avillingly enroll yourselves, and freely leave your homes, your 
firesides, your parents, brothers, sisters and families to support your country's 
flag. Now take this flag, and may its folds proudly wave above your heads 
wherever your country calls ! Let no dishonor ever stain this emblem, and in 
advance upon the foe may it be found in the van ! Take it ! Go with Avilling 
hearts ! Defend ! Sustain it ! Bring it back untarnished I Then look for 
happy homes and ever-greeting friends." 

The presentation address was replied to by Capt. Harper, on behalf of the 
company, in a feAv appropriate remarks, thanking the ladies for their beautiful 
gift, and pledging themselves to bear it aloft in the van and to defend it while 
one was alive to uphold it, and return Avith it or on it. Rev. Mr. Bates, of 
Cascade, was then called upon, and made an eloquent speech in behalf of the 
Union and the Constitution, and, among other things, urged the necessity not 
only of praying, but fighting. Rev. Mr. Russell addressed the crowd in a few 
appropriate remarks upon the necessity of maintaining the Government and 
sustaining law and order at any sacrifice and at any cost. Rev. Mr. Benton, 
of Anamosa, also spoke to the volunteers Avords of encouragement, and assured 
them of the sympathy and confidence of their friends, and maintained that the 
cause for which they Avere engaging to fight Avas a righteous one and must be 
triumphant. 

In accordance Avith a resolution of the Jones County Bible Society, a 
Testament Avas presented to each of the volunteers, in behalf of the Society, by 
the Rev. James McKean, of Scotch Grove. In making the presentation, Mr. 
McKean briefly addressed the company, urging each to be governed by the 
precepts taught in that book. John Russell, of Clay ToAvnship, replied in 
behalf of the company. Appropriate remarks were made by the Chairman, 
urging the duty of volunteering for the defense of our country, our dearest rights 
and our blood-bought principles. The recruits then fell in and were marched 
to the table, Avhere they and a large number of others partook of a bountiful 
collation, prepared b^' the generous-hearted people of BoAven's Prairie. 

After partaking of refreshments, a large portion of the crowd dispersed, Avhile 
some remained to listen to other patriotic addresses. The day was one long to 
be remembered by the patriotic citizens of Jones County, and fraught with 
bursts of enthusiasm for Liberty and Union. 

Capt. Harper's company A\'as the second sent out from Jones County. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 367 



FLAG PRESENTATION AND DEPARTURE. 

Monday, the 4th of November, 1861, witnessed a large turn-out of the 
inhabitants of Anamosa and vicinity to attend two flag presentations ; one to 
Capt. Buells company and one to Capt. Warner's company, and the departure 
of Capt. Buell's company for camp at Davenport, Capt. Warner's company 
having ah-eady left for the same place the week previous. 

Eai'ly in the morning, teams and people began to come, and Capt. Buell's 
company formed in front of the Fisher House, under First Lieut. Calkins, pre- 
ceded by the Anamosa Brass Band, and next by the ladies who got up and were 
to present the flags, and followed by the soldiers in ranks, the procession 
marched to the hill Avest of the depot, where the ceremonies took place. 

The Committees were : For Capt. Buell's company — Mrs. L. A. Eber' 
hart. Miss Eliza Isbell and Miss Emma May ; Standard Bearers, Miss Emma 
May and Miss Lecia Hopkins. For Capt. Warner's Company — Mrs. P. Smith, 
Miss Carrie Heacox and Miss Emma Crane ; Standard Bearers, Miss Alice 
Crane and Miss Marcia Crane. Miss Eliza Isbell presented the flag to Capt. 
Buell's company, with the following eloquent remarks : 

Capt. Buell : It is with intense emotion that we are called to mingle in these passing 
scenes. That the present state of our country requires the sacrifice of such a noble band of men, 
is a fact which thrills our hearts with pain. Yet we greatly admire that lofty patriotism which 
leads you thus to turn away from the comforts and endearments of home to serve our country. 
It requires far more than ordinary devotion to the cause of freedom, and it is in token of our 
appreciation of such devotion that we present to you these our national colors. Never have we 
loved the Stars and Stripes as we do now. They have indeed become a bond of union between the 
hearts of all true American freemen, and never will we yield our glorious standard to the hand 
of tyranny or oppression. 

We give it to you, knowing that you love it, that you will protect it, that you will tight until 
our flag shall wave from North to South, from shore to shore of our loved and native land. Our 
patriotic enthusiasm is aroused as we begin to realize the glory of those'deeds which have been 
accomplished under the shadow of our national banner. But it is mingled with thoughts of 
indignation against those who trample it in the dust. 

From our hearts we bid you God-speed in the contest between liberty and despotism. 

Then accept this humble offering from the ladies of Anamosa : and whilst you are engaged in the 
strife abroad, we, with weaker hands, but with patriotic hearts, will plead with the Invisible 
One in behalf of those who defend our rights, and for the speedy triumph of our holy cause. 
That the shield of the Eternal may be your defense, that each one of you may return to your 
homes, crowned with the glory of successful warfare, that you may yet beliold this nation restored 
to prosperity, and so purified by this fearful struggle as to become a fit model to the nations of 
the earth, is a prayer in which our inmost souls shall daily join. But should any of these 
proud forms be laid low by traitors' hands, it will be falling nobly. Our grateful hearts shall 
cherisli the memory of your patriotism, and if you are as faithful in the service of God as we 
believe you will be in that of your country, it will be passing away with earthly laurels on your 
brows to unfading crowns above. 

Capt. Buell responded in a feeling manner, thanking the ladies for their beau- 
tiful gift, and pledging himself to defend it to the best of his ability. Three 
cheers were then given for the ladies of Anamosa, three more for the Stars and 
Stripes, and three more for the Jones County Volunteers. 

The next flag was now brought forward and presented to Capt. Warner, 
who had tarried behind his company for a few days. Miss Carrie Heacox made 
the presentation in few but feeling words, as follows : 

Capt. Warner: In behalf of the ladies of Anamosa, I present you this flag, and with it, 
I assure you, go our spontaneous sympathies and our heartfelt considerations for you and yours. 
Go, brave men, to defend the American flag and the sacred rights guaranteed to us by our 
glorious Constitution. With you go our fervent prayers and fondest hopes that you may return 
with this flag victorious, and that it may ever wave over the land of tlie free and the home of 
the brave. God bless you. Captain, and your noble-hearted men. We bid you an aflectionate 
farewell. 



368 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Capt Warner thanked the ladies in behalf of his company, for the flag, and 
said they would always hold them in grateful remembrance. 

The flags were got up handsomely by the ladies of Anamosa, and the his- 
torian takes pleasure in recording the event to their honor. The presentation, 
and. in short, the whole aff'air, showed the depth and intensity of the feeling 
which pervaded the whole community, in regard to the war and its objects. 
The cars had now arrived from Springville ; the noble boys and their officers 
entered, and away they went toward the seat of war. 

FAREWELL SUPPER. 

A number of Masons and Odd Fellows having joined the companies which 
had left the county recently, the members of the two Orders united in getting 
up a supper for the brothers who were going to the war. The supper came off" 
on Friday evening, November 1, 1861. The members, with a large company 
of ladies* met in Odd Follows' Hall about 8 o'clock, J. H. Fisher, Esq., acting 
as Chairman. After music by the Anamosa Band and singing by Messrs. 
Shaw, Lamson, Holmes and Smith, Capt. Buell was called for, who came for- 
ward and made a brief but eloquent and patriotic address. 

Lieut. Calkins was then called for, and made a short address. 

From this place, those present repaired to the City Hall, where three long 
tables were spread with the substantial and delicacies. 

After all had satisfied their hunger, the Chairman announced that J. 1). 
Walworth had been appointed Toast Reader. The following were the toasts 
and responses : 

The Iowa Volunteers — May they all prove as brave as the Iowa First. 

Response, Three cheers for the Iowa First. 

loiva — A model to the States of our Union in hearty response to the call 
of freedom, and in her devotion to science and literature. 

Col. W. T. Shaw — May he command the confidence of the brave men he 
is appointed to lead. 

Response by Capt. Buell. 

Munic — The inspirer of our most hallowed religious and patriotic emo- 
tions; a source of most exalted pleasure, and one which exerts the most power- 
ful influence upon the destiny of a nation. 

Song by Messrs. B. F. Shaw, Lamson, Holmes and Smith. 

The loiva Volunteers — May they put a full Dott to the rebellion. 

Response by Robert Dott. 

May the fair hands which prepared this sumptuous repast receive ample 
reward by enjoying the satisfaction that brave hearts have gone forth better 
prepared for the existing emergency. 

Response b}" John McKean. 

The lotoa Volunteers — May Heaven's blessings be theirs. 

Response by Rev. S. A. Benton. 

Our Country s Arms — The fair arms of daughters and the /ifre-arms of 
her sons ; may the embrace of the one ever be the reward of an honorable use 
of the other. 

Response by C. T. Lamson. 

After singing Burns' Farewell, the company dispersed. 



HlSTOllY OF JONES COUNTY. 369 



SANITARY COMMISSION. 



The Ladies of Wyoming met November 20, 1861, for the purpose of organ- 
izing a society auxiliary to the "Army Sanitary Commission of the State of 
Iowa," having for its object the relief of the sick and Avounded in hospitals. 

Mrs. W. H. Holmes was called to the chair, after Avhich the following offi- 
cers were elected: Mrs. 0. B. Lowell, President; Mrs. A. W. Pratt, Vice 
President ; Mrs. J. R. Stillman, Secretary ; Miss Martha White, Treasurer ; 
Mrs. A. G. Brown, Depositary. 

Committee to Solicit Contributions — Mrs. J. McDonough, Mrs. J. De Witt, 
Mrs. J. Richards, Mrs. R. Freeman, Mrs. D. Hedgeboom, Miss R. Huckle, 
Miss L. Gilbert and Miss R. Green. 

The society voted to meet Tuesday afternoon of each week for the purpose 
making such articles as are needed in the hospitals and to receive donations for 
the same object. 

The ladies of Monticello formed a " Soldiers' Aid Society " at about the 
same time with the following officers : 

President, Mrs. E. P. Kimball ; Vice President, Mrs. C. E. Wales ; Secre- 
tary, Mrs. J. Reiger ; Treasurer, Mrs. N. Comstock ; Depositary, Mrs. G. S. 
Eastman. Directors — Mrs. W. H. Merriman, Mrs. J. L. Davenport and Mrs. 
G. S. Eastman. 

Committee of Solicitations — Mrs. T. C. West, Mrs. H. Rosa and Mrs. J. 
P. Sleeper. 

The Society met every Wednesday afternoon. 

An efficient organization was organized at Anamosa also, about the same 
time, with the following officers : 

President, Mrs. 0. P. Isbell ; Treasurer, Mrs. B. F. Shaw ; Secretary, 
Miss Eliza Isbell. 

Committee on Supplies — Mrs. L. Eberhart, Mrs. Israel Fisher, Miss Marv 
Work. 

Committee on Forwarding — Mrs. L. Deitz, Mrs. E. Littlefield, Miss Eliza 
Isbell. 

These societies did much good and the supplies forwarded at sundry times 
were properly appreciated by the sick and wounded in the hospitals. A num- 
ber of other similar organizations Avere instituted in different parts of the 
county and almost numberless meetings held. The amount of good done by 
these organizations throughout the country to alleviate the sick and wounded 
can hardly be estimated. 

FLAG PRESENTATION TO THE IOWA NINTH BY THE BOSTON LADIES. 

On the 3d of August, 1862, the Boston ladies made a flag presentation to 
the Ninth Iowa Regiment ; and, as a goodly number of the Jones County 
soldiers did noble service in that regiment, we record the details of the event 
in the Jones County History. 

The presentation of colors to a company or regiment by its friends and 
neighbors had become of common occurrence, but this presentation, by the 
ladies of Boston, to a regiment in the wilds of Arkansas, a thousand miles 
distant and near the extreme Western frontier — and that, too, to men who 
were personally strangers to the donors — was an event as honorable to the 
boys of the Ninth as it was rare. 



370 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Capt. Wright, of Company C, sent the following account to the Independ- 
ence Guardian : 

Camp of the Ninth Iowa, "> 

Helena, August 3, 1862. / 

To-day has been a proud and glorious day for the Iowa Ninth. At 2 o'clock this afternoon, 
we were called into line, not to fight, but to receive one of the finest stands of regimental colors 
in the array of the Southwest, presented tis by the ladies of Boston, Mass. 

The regimental flag is white silk on one side and crimson on the other. On the white side 
is beautifully inscribed, in gilt letters, " Pea Hidge, Ark., March 7 and 8, 1862." In the center, 
held by two greyhounds, is tlie scroll with the words, " Iowa Greyhounds." This is over the 
eagle, which is in the center of the flag, with the Iowa coat of arms, all of which is encircled 
with a beautiful gold border. On the other side, handsomely embellished in gold letters, are the 
words, " From your countrywomen of Massachusetts," with the coat of arms of the old Bay 
State, and the words, " Pea Kidge '' again inscribed on the field under the coat of arms, with the 
same border. On the flag-staff is a fine gold-bronzed eagle, with a splendid gold tassel in his 
mouth. The staff" is so arranged that the flng can be detached by a spring and folded in a 
moment, making it very convenient, if you wish to fold it in a hurry. 

The other is the national flag, with its blue field and its broad stripes, one large star in the 
center of the field, encircled with thirty-four more in a gold ring or border, and the words " Pea 
Ridge, March 7 and 8, 1862," inside the circle — the flag-staff and tassel the same as the other. 

**************** 

Need I tell you that we were proud when those beautiful flags were unfurled to the breeze, 
to be carried forward to victory by the Iowa Ninth ? If you could have seen those patriotic 
tears roll down the cheeks of our brave boys, while our noble Colonel, with a heart almost too 
full for utterance, was replying to the patriotic sentiment of the mothers and sisters of Massa- 
chusetts, you would join with me in saying the flag is in safe hands. 

COPY OF THE ADDRESS OF BOSTON LAUIES ON PRESENTATION OP FLAGS. 

Our Countrymen — Solliers of the Xinlh Iowa Regiment : 

We desire to present you with these, our national colors, as an evidence of our interest in 
you as soldiers of the Union, and as a token of our grateful admiration for the valor and heroism 
displayed by you on the memorable field of Pea Ridge. ****** 

We have anxiously looked for tidings of you, from those early September days when you 
were first assembled at t^amp Union, to the cold, dark days of the late winter ; and, although the 
order onward was long delayed, yet, when it came, so readily did you obey it that we found it 
no easy task, even in our imagination, to keep up with the " double-quick" of the " Iowa Grey- 
hounds " The memory of the patient devotion with which you have unfalteringly borne toils, 
fatigues, hunger and privation, and the recollection of your brave and gallant deeds on the 7th 
and 8th of March, 1862, will long be treasured in our hearts ; and, although we think with sor- 
row of the sad price of such a victory, and the unbidden tears must flow at the thought of the 
brave hearts now stilled forever, yet we feel a pride in the consciousness that her noble sons feel 
no sacrifice too great for their and our beloved country. 

God bless the Union ! God bless you and all soldiers of the Union armies ! is the fervent 
prayer of your countrywomen in Massachusetts. 

Boston, Mass., July 10, 1862. 

William Vanderver, Colonel of the regiment, made reply, addressing the 
soldiers of his command in a brief but pathetic and patriotic style. 

ANOTHER OFFERING FROM JONES COUNTY. 

Thursday, August 14, 1862, was another day of unusual interest to Mon- 
ticello and to the citizens of Jones County. 

On the day mentioned, the recruits enlisted under Farwell and Jones, of Mon- 
ti'cello, and Blodgett of Bowen's Prairie, came swarmino; in from Monticello, Bow- 
en's Prairie, Scotch Grove, Wayne, Cass, Castle Grove and other towns, 
and proceeded across the river at Monticello, to Clark's Grove, where prep- 
arations had been made to receive them. They were attended by the Anamosa 
Band, several bands of martial music antl a crowd of citizens numbering nearly 
two thousand. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



371 



Here the crowd listened to speeches from Rev. Mr. Dimraitt, Prof. Hudson 
and many others. Dinner was served and a good time was had, and a large 
number added to the enlistment — about forty enrolling themselves and becom- 
ing soldiers for the Union. Patriotic feeling ran high and could not endure 
expressions of rebel sympathy. A few citizens, who would have been at home 
in a more southern latitude, became very obnoxious by their disloyal criticisms. 
Some of these were "interviewed" this day by a concourse of incensed Union- 
ists, and were compelled, hy hempen jjer suasion, to take the " Oath of Allegi- 
ance.'' One prominent offender escaped by aid of a fleet horse and gathering 
darkness ; a few were taken from their beds at midnight, but safely returned, 
after being impressively sworn to loyalty and Unionism. The soldiers would 
have committed violence, had they not been restrained by their newly elected 
officers. 

An election was held and resulted in the choice of the following officers : 
Captain, S. S. Farwell, of Monticello ; First Lieutenant, Rev. F. Amos, of 
Scotch Grove; Second Lieutenant, James G. Dawson, of Wayne; Orderly, F. 
H. Blodgett, of Bowen's Prairie. 

THE DRAFT. 

Notwithstanding the unbounded enthusiasm and the large number of volun- 
teers, it became necessary to resort to forcible enlistments in Jones County. 

The following table shows how many men each township had failed to raise 
in order to fill its quota up to December 12, 1862, and how many had been 
raised in excess of quota ; also the number of men required to be raised in each 
township by draft or volunteer enlistment by the 1st of January, 1863 : 



TOWNSHIPS. 



Deficit. 



Excess. 



Number to be 
Drafted. 



Cass 

Castle Grove. 

Clay 

Fairview 

Greenfield.... 
Hale 



4 

22 

25 

4 

26 



Jackson.... 
Madison.. . 
Monticello . 

Oxford 

Richland... 
Rome 



4 
4 

23 



Scotch Grove., 
Washington .. 

Wayne 

Wyoming 



10 



14 
10 



36 



141 



66 



46 



It will be seen by the above table, furnished by S. F. Glenn, Draft Com- 
missioner of Jones County at the time, that Wyoming carried off the banner, 
and Scotch Grove was next in furnishing volunteers. 



THE FLAG OF THE NINTH IOWA. 



After the Vicksburg campaign, the flag presented to the regiment by the 
Massachusetts ladies having become tattered and torn in the bloody strife, was 
returned to its donors as evidence that jt had faithfully served its purpose. 



372 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

While the Ninth was on its way home to enjoy a brief furlough, as re-enlisted 
veterans, another ilati; reached them from the ladies of the old Bay State. On 
this flag were the following inscriptions : 

"Ninth Iowa Volunteers — 1863 — from Massachusetts." "Pea Ridge, 
March 7 and 8, 1862." "Chickasaw Bayou, Dec. 29, 1863." "Arkansas 
Post, January 11, 1863." "Jackson, May 14, 1863." " Vicksburg, May 19 
and 22, and July 4, 1863." 

The excitement growing out of the prospect of a draft was sucli that vol- 
unteer enlistments continued to such an extent that no draft Avas had until 
about the 1st of November, 1864. The number drafted was not large and 
those who were thus made soldiers, proved themselves brave and valiant men. 
It is proper to state, also, that it was afterward ascertained that the quota of 
the State was full at the time the draft was ordered, and therefore, ought 
not to have been made. 



Washington's birthday at anamosa, 1864. 

The 22d of February, 1864, was made the occasion of a festival in honor 
of the veteran soldiers who were at home at the time, on a short furlough. 
The morning opened with beautiful weather and so it continued through the 
entire day, the only drawback being mud to the depth of one to three inches, 
where the snow had disappeared. In the afternoon the people and soldiers 
came in on foot, on horseback and in wagons. At 5 o'clock, the soldiers came 
into Odd Fellows' Hall, under charge of their officers, and an address of wel- 
come to the Iowa Veterans was made by W. G. Hammond, and the response 
by Capt. McKean, of Company D, of the Ninth. 

A sumptuous supper was then served at City Hall, and at least six hundred 
persons partook of the repast. Still there ^Aras enough and to spare, and has- 
kotfuls were gathered up and distributed to widows and others, with whom 
fortune had dealt more or less unkindl}'. 

After supper, the hall of the Odd Fellows was again full. The following 
were the toasts on the occasion : 

The Day we Celebrate. 

Response by C. R. Scott. 

Tlie Iowa Ninth — The heroes of Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas 
Post, Jackson, A^icksburg, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. 

Response by cheers and band. 

Iowa — Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou hast excelled them 
all. 

Response by G. W. Field. 

The Patriotic Dead — Green be their graves, sweet their rest and hallowed 
their memory. 

Response by the choir. 

The American Union — What God hath joined together, let no rebel put 
asunder. 

Response by Judge McCarn, and band. 

The Union Army — May its distinguishing characteristics be fortitude in the 
hour of disaster, courage in the hour of danger and mercy in the hour of victory. 

Response by John McKean. 

The American Eaf/le. 

Response by the choir. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 373 

Abraham Lincoln — Like Washington, first in war, first in peace, and first 
in the hearts of his countrymen. 

Response by Rev. 0. W. Merrill. 

The following volunteer toast was handed in by John Peet: 

The American Eagle — May she conquer all her foes and establish a per- 
manent resting place in the center of our Union, with her wings extending 
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, holding the stars and stripes in one of her 
talons and the sword of justice in the other, and in her beak the Declaration 
of Independence, as a surety to the oppressed of all nations that here they can 
find protection ; and may her tail be expanded over some Northern cavern 
where rebel sympathizers and Tories may hide from the sight of historians, that 
our history may not be tarnished by a record of their infamy. 

Altogether, the day passed and terminated happily to all concerned. 

THE FOURTEENTH lOAVA INFANTRY. 

The Fourteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry was organized by authoi'ity of the 
War Department, under a call for 300,000 troops for three years, and mustered 
into service on the 6th of November, 1861. 

Previous to the completion of the muster of the regiment, three companies, 
A, B and 0, were detached and sent on service to Fort Randall, Dakota Terri- 
tory, where they remained until the fall of 1862, when authority gave organiza- 
tion to three new companies in lieu of those detached. On the 27th and 28th of 
November, 1861, the command — seven companies — embarked for Benton Bar- 
racks, and remained in this camp of instruction until the 5th of February, 
1862, when they again embarked for Fort Henry, Tenn., and arrived there 
on the 8th. On the 12th, they took up line of march for Fort Donelson, Tenn., 
and were in the engagement on the left of the army, daily, the loth, 14th and 
15th. Remained at Fort Donelson until the 7th of March, and embarked for 
Pittsburg Landing, and arrived there on the 18th inst. On the 6th of April, 
the army was attacked, and the Fourteenth moved out in position on the left of 
the Fourth Brigade, Second Division, Army of the Tennessee. The regiment was 
eno-ao-ed from 7 o'clock A. M., until 5:40 P. M., when the command was sur- 
rendered by Brig. Gen, Prentiss to the enemy as prisoners of war, and Avere held 
as such until the 12th day of October, 1862, when they were released on parole, 
sent to Benton Barracks for re-organization, and declared exchanged November 
11^ 1862. On the 31st of March, 1862, two new companies, A and B, joined 
the regiment. Left Benton Barracks April 10, 1863; embarked on board of 
transports for Cairo, 111., where they remained until June 21, during which 
time they were joined by Company C, a new company, when they embarked 
for Columbus, Ky. On the 22d of January, 1864, the regiment moved on 
board a transport for Vicksburg, Miss., where it was assigned to the Second 
Brigade, Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. Was on the expedition that 
went from A'^icksburg to Meridian, Miss., in the month of February, 1864, 
under command of Brig. Gen. Maj. Sherman, and on the expedition up Red 
River, Louisiana, in the months of March, April and May, under command of 
Maj. Gen. Banks. Was in the battle of Fort De Russey, March 14. and the 
battle of Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864, and battle of Yellow Bayou, 
Louisiana, May 18, 1864. 

The regiment was in the battle of Lake Chicot, Arkansas, June 6, 1864, 
and arrived at Memphis, Tenn., June 10, 1864. Four companies left Jefferson 
Barracks September 25, by rail for Pilot Knob, Mo., and were in the battle of 



374 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTF. 

Pilot Knob September 27. The remainder of the regiment left Jefferson Bar- 
racks October 2, with Gen. A. J. Smith's army, in pursuit of the rebel, Gen. 
Price. Returned to St. Louis, Mo., November 2, arrived at Davenport, Iowa, 
for muster-out, November 2, 1864. 

The Fourteenth Regiment was largely made up of Jones County boys, and 
commanded by Col. W. T. Shaw, of Anamosa. 

RE-UNION AT MONTICELLO, AUGUST 14, 1865. 

Monday, the 14th of August, 1865, was made memorable to the citizens of 
Jones County by reason of the Soldier's Re-union on that day, at Monticello. 
The exercises took place in the grove north of the river, and on the identical 
spot where three years before Company H, of the Thirty-first Iowa, was organized. 
Company H displayed a trophy, as a memento of the rebellion, a large flag, cap- 
tured in Columbia, S. C, on the 17th of February, 1865, when the company 
entered that city. 

The arms and accouterments of Capt. Alderman's Company, brought in 
boxes on the train, having arrived ou the ground, the soldiers of Company H 
and some others were soon engaged in arraying themselves. The " boys in 
blue " were here entirely at home. They chatted, laughed and joked during the 
process, and worked with a perfect abandon and as though they were still in the 
woods of Alabama and Georgia. This work accomplished, the drums, in another 
part of the grove, beat the roll-call, and the soldiers streamed along through the 
crowd, closely followed by the lighter legs of the children, and these by the 
grown people. Two lines of soldiers were at once in position, Maj. Farwell, 
Capt. Burdick and Capt. McKean were the officers in command. The soldiers, 
about eighty in number, went through guard mounting and inspection, and were 
intently watched by the spectators ; this over, the boys were drilled for a time, 
greatly to the admiration and pleasure of many spectators. The drill over, the 
boys marched to the old position in front of the benches, and, after some addi- 
tional exercises, stacked arms. The speaking was then commenced. W. H. 
Walworth was President of the day, who offered introductory remarks. 

Prayer by Rev. Mr. Kimball. 

Music by the band. 

Welcome address by W. H. Walworth. 

Response by Lieut. Amos. 

Music by the Monticello Glee Club. 

Address by Capt. M. P. Smith, of Company C, Thirty-first Iowa. 

Music by Anamosa Brass Band. 

Picnic dinner. 

AFTERNOON. 

Martial music. 

Volunteer toasts and responses : 

" Resolved, That our late war was only the supplement to our Revolution with 
England, and has only completed the work of establishing the inalienable rights 
of humanity and justice between man and his fellow-man." 

Responded to by Prof. J. Nolan, of Cascade. 

^^ Jeff Davis — Occupying an elevated position in the South, may he occupy a 
still more elevated position in the North." 

Responded to by Rev. Mr. Buttolph. 

" What the soldiers fought for, may we all remember." 





^Z'-'f^^i-^L-tCl^ 



HISTORY OF JOxNES COUNTY. 377 

Response by Capt. 0. Burke, Company B, Fourteenth Iowa Veteran Vol- 
unteers. 

Rev. Mr. Miller, of Cascade, Prof. Allen, of Hopkinton, and Elder Kay 
and Lieut. Hill, of Cascade, also spoke with good effect. Mr. A. Gilbert spoke 
feelingly. He had lost two sons in the war, one being shot dead, and the other 
dying in a rebel prison. The addressess, one and all, were appropriate and 
fitting to the time and the occasion. 

A general rejoicing was had that the war was ended and peace restored. 

COL. WILLIAM T. SHAW, OF ANAMOSA. 

The name of this gentleman is so identified with the history of Jones 
County, particularly its military history, that a brief biographical sketch of 
that distinguished soldier and citizen seems altogether apropos. 

Col. William Tuckerman Shaw was born September 22, 1822, at Steuben, 
Washington County, Me. He was the son of Col. William N. ShaAV and 
Nancy Stevens, his wife, of the above place, and, after receiving his education 
in the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, went to Kentucky as a teacher; but the 
war with Mexico breaking out, he enlisted in the Second Kentucky Infantry 
Regiment, Col. McKee, commander. He served to the close of the war, par- 
ticipating in the memorable battle of Buena Vista, and was in the thickest of 
the fight on the hill-slope and ravine where it raged with greatest fury. After 
'he declaration of peace, he aided in clearing our Southwestern borders of 
hostile Indians who were annoying the border settlers. 

Having obtained a reputation for noble daring, he was chosen, in 1849, as 
the leader of the first party Avhich crossed the Plains to California, leaving 
Fort Smith, Ark., via Santa Fe. The party consisted of thirty-six men, 
trom New York, Kentucky, Louisiana and Arkansas. 

After returning, he made another trip, starting from Council Bluffs, and at 
uiis time had but a single associate, but made the journey in safety. 

In 1853, he came into Jones County and settled at Anamosa, where he 
Still resides. 

At the outbreak of the rebellion in 1861, he was among the first in Jones 
County to buckle on the sword to fight for the Union. On the 24th of Octo- 
ber of that year, he was elected Colonel of the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry 
Regiment, which owed its organization very largely to his instrumentalities. 
A history of the regiment is given elsewhere. 

Col. Shaw distinguished himself in every engagement in which his com- 
mand took part, as an able and efficient commander. He was advanced to the 
command of the Second Brigade, Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, and 
it is historic that it was owing to his indomitable courage and military skill 
that the army of Gen. Banks was saved from utter defeat and capture in the 
Red River expedition. It was on this memorable occasion that Col. Shaw 
acquired the title of " Grim Figliting Old Shaw." 

After the Red River expedition, his command was sent to assist in driving 
the rebel Gen. Price out of Missouri, and was successful in so doing. 

His term of service having expired, he was relieved by the following order: 

Headquarters Right Wing Sixteenth Army Corps, 
Habrisonville, Mo., October '2d, 1864. 
Special Order iVo. 13^. 
I. Col. W. T. Shaw, Fourteenth Fowa Infantry Volunteers, is relieved from command of 
the Third Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, and will forthwith rejoin his regiment at Davenport, 
Iowa. The Quartermaster will furnish transportation for himself and authorized servants. 

D 



378 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

II. In relieving Col. Shaw from the command of the Third Division, prior to his being 
mustered out, it is but an act of justice to an energetic, thorough and competent officer to say 
that for the last fifteen montlis he has been in this command, as commanding a post, brigade 
and division, and in every position has performed the incumbent duties faithfully and well, with 
an ability that few can equal, with courage, patriotism and skill above question. The service 
loses an excellent officer when he is mustered out. By order of 

J. Hough, A. A. G. Ma.i. Gkn. A. .J. S.mith. 

As Col. Shaw was about to part with his compatriots in arms, the officers 
of his command presented him with a costly sword and scabbard — one of the 
most beautiful and tasteful weapons ever made. He returned to his home at 
Anamosa, Iowa, and has ever since been engaged in farming, banking, rail- 
roading and real-estate business. Many of the public enterprises of Jones 
County are largely the result of the energy, skill and perseverance of Col. 
Shaw. 

soldier's MEMENTO LEFT-HAND WRITING. 

In the latter part of the year 1867, W. 0. Bourne, editor of the Soldiers' 
Friend, New York, and others, offered premiums for the best specimens of left- 
hand writing by soldiers who had lost their right arms in the war of the rebel- 
lion. The premiums were awarded in October of that year. There were ten 
premiums of $50 each, and each premium being named after some distinguished 
general or admiral, thus : Grant Premium, etc. Each soldier obtaining a 
premium was rewarded also by an autograph letter from the officer from whom 
the premium was named. The only Iowa soldier who received a premium of 
this nature is Morgan Bumgardner, Company B, Ninth Iowa Volunteer 
Infantry, and a resident of Jones County. He was awarded the Sheridan 
Premium. 

The following is the letter of Gen. Sheridan : 

Fifth Aa'enue Hotkl, October 3, 18G7. 
To Morgan Bumgardner, Company B, Ninth Iowa Volunteer Infantry : 

It is gratifying to me to inform you that the manuscript prepared by you has been selected 
for the Sheridan Premium, offered by Wi'liam Oland Bourne, editor of the Soldiers' Friend, New 
York. 

I am hapjiy thus to recognize the success of a soldier who has lost his right arm for his 
country. In the battle of life before you, remember that the true her.) may sometimes sutler 
disaster and disappointment, but he will never surrender his virtue or his honor. 

Cordially wishing you success and reward in life. I am yours, etc., 

P. H. Sheridan, Major General U. S. A. 




HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



379 



VOLUNTEER EOSTER. 

TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORTS. 



-d5i.BB2SE-VI.A.TI03<T 



A(yt Adjutant 

Art Artillery 

Bat Hiitlle or Battalion 

Col Colonel 

Capt Captain 

Corp Corporal 

ConiHy ConiniisKary 

com commissioned 

cav cavalry 

captd captured 

disab disabled 

disd diHcharged 

e enlisted 

excd exchanged 

hon. disd honorably discharged 

inv invalid 



inf Infantry 

I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

kill killed 

Lieut Lieutenant 

Maj Major 

m. o mustered out 

prnitd promoted 

prisr prisoner 

Regt Regiment 

re-p re-enlisted 

read resigned 

Sergt Sergeant 

trans transferred 

vet veteran 

V. R. C Veteran Reserve Corp* 

wd wounded 



NINTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — Thit regiment tvas mustered out at Louisville Juh/ 
18, 1805.] 

Maj. Don A. CiiriK'nter, com. capt. Co. B 
Scut. 2, 1861, pi-mtd maj. July 1, 1862, 
filed at Home, Iowa, Jan. 8, 1864. 

First Lieut. Jolin H. Green, e. as sergt. 
Aug. 3, 1861, iH'intd. 1st lieut. Aug. 8, 
1863. 

Company A. 

Grinrod, Josliua, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Groat, Thomas, e. Aug. 14, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Norton, A. M., e. Aug. 3, 1861, died Sept. 

15, 1863. 
Miller, Peter, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Norton, F. P., e. Aug. 3, 1861, wd. at Pea 

Ridge and died April 3, 1862. 

Company B. 

Capt. John W. Niles. e. as sergt. Aug. 12, 

1861, prmtd. 1st lieut. May 23, 1863, 

prmtd. capt. Jan. 16, 1865. 
First Lieut. Walter James, e. as corp. 

Amr. 12, 1861, prmtd. 1st lieut. Jan. 16, 

1865. 
First Lieut. Jacob Jones, com. 2d lieut. 

Sept. 2, 1861, prnitd. 1st lieut. Aug. 1, 

1861. 
First Lieut. Morgan Baumgardner, e. 

Aug. 12, 1861, wd. at Pea Ridgt; and 

Vicksl)urg, disd. Nov. 30, 1863, wds. 
Sergt. Thos. W. I'dizzard, e. Aug. 12, 1861, 

kid. at Vicksburg. 
Sergt. Wm. Jennings, e. Aug. 12, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Aug. 1, 1862. 
Sergt. Wm. T. Peet, e. Aug. 17, 1861, trans. 

to Inv. Corps. 
Sergt. E. H. Handy, e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd. 

July 29, 1862. 



Sergt C. II. Lane, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 

Cctri). Lewis P. Tourtelott, e. Aug. 12, 

1861, (lied at St. Louis. 
Cor]). John M. Mason, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
Corp. Owen Farley, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
Corp. Isaac Walker, e. Aug. 12, 1861, kid. 

at Vicksl)urg. 
Corp. Wm. II. Glick, e. Aug. 12, 1861. wd. 

at Missionary Ridge. 
Cori). Jas. M. Warner, e. Aug. 12, 186L 
Corp. Jonathan Luther, e. Aug. 12, 1861,. 

wd. at, Vicksburg, captd. at Claysville, 

Ala., died at Anilersouville. 
Corp. Geo. II. Bowers, e. Aug. 12, 1861, 

kid. at Vicksburg. 
Corp. Menry Robinson, e. Aug. 12, 186L 

vet. Jan. i, 1864, kid. at Kenesaw Mt. 
Musiitian lienj. F. Harrison, e. Aug. 13, 

1861, died at Forsythe, Mo. 
Musiciiin Theo. L. liunce, e. Aug. 12, '6I_ 

died at St. Louis. 
Wagoner Joseph Soiilts, e. Aug. 30, 186L 

disd. Sept. 9, 1863, disab. 
Wa'.foner Il.umibal Freeman, e. Nov. 25, 

1861, disd. April 8, 1862. 
Arnold. Riley, e. Sept. 26, 1862. 
Ailer, Geo. F., e. Aug. 12. 1861, wd. at 

Vicksl)urg. 

Aug. 12, 1861, vet. Jan, 



Biigh, .\lex., e 

1, 1864. 
]?rown, Jas. J, 

Dec. 11, 1862. 
Barker, Usual, e. 



e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd. 



Aug. 12, 1861. 
Blakely, Nelson D.,e. Aug. 12, 1861, veL 

Jan. 1. 1864, wd. at. Jonesltoro, Ga. 
Bricklev, Jas. T., e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd, 

Oct. 9, 1862, disalj. 
Baldwin, M.O., e. Aug. 17, 1861, wd. at 

Vi(*ksl>iirg. 
Beaman, Daniel, e. Nov. 25, 1861, wd. at 

Vicksbury, died at Nashville. 
Cornwell, John L., e. Sept. 18, 1861, died 

at St, Louis. 



380 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



Cleveland, K. J., e. Oct. 9, 18G2, disd. 

March 21, 18G3. 
Crook, Wm., e. Au<r. 25, 18G1. 
Crow. A. B., e. Sept. 10, 1861, wd. at 

Vicksburg. 
Colby, Chas.. e. Sept. 25, 1861, disd. Dee. 

31, 1861. 
Dunham, Walhice, e. Aug. 33, 1861. 
Easterlv, Lawrence, e. Aug. 12, 1861, died 

Jan. 25, 1862. 
Ensign, Devolso, e. Aug. 23, 1861, died 

April 12, 1862. 
Finch, E. D., e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd. March 

2, 1862, (lisab. 
Freeman, H., e. IN'ov. 25, 1861. 
Finch, Irwin, e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Fry, Enoch, e. Sept. 12, 1861, wd. at Vicks- 
burg, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Gault, Moses, e. Aug. 12, 1861, died at 

Young's Point, I^a. 
Graham, Wm. J., e. Aug. 12, 1861, wd. at 

Vicksburg and Kinggold, Ga., vet. Jan. 

1, 1864, prmtd. sergt. 
Green, Jasper, e. Sept. 24, 1861, disd. April 

21, 1863, disab. 
Hall. Andrew H., e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864, prmtd. corp. 
Irwin, Isaac, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
Hitchcock, Thos. X e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864, captd. Dallas, Ga. 
Johnson, Geo. L., e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Kerr, S. P.. e. Aug. 12, '61, vet. Jan. 1, '64. 
Long, Joel, e. Aug. 12, 1861, died at Nash 

ville. 
Metcalf, Arthur, e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864, wd. Kenesaw Mountain, 

disd. Dec. 28, 1864, wds. 
McNellan, James, e. Aug. 12, 1861. disd. 

March 11, 1863, disab. 
McGuegan, Thomas, e. Aug. 12, 1861, 

disd. Aug. 27, 1862. 
Merrett, H. X., e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd. 

March 11, 1862, disab. 
McCarty, Chas., e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. 

Dec. 11,1862, disab. 
Matteson, D. M., e. Aug. 29, 1862, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
McGowan, C., e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
Osborn, J. v., e. Aug. 12, 1861, kid. Pea 

Ridge, Ark. 
Roberts, Lyman A., e. Aug. 29, 1862, disd. 

July 2, 1865, disab. 
Rummel, D. E., e. Aug. 13, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Robinson, Sam'l. e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Robinson, Sam'l O., e. Dec. 19, 1861, di.sd. 

Dec. 16. 1863, disab. 
Rich, Nelson, e. Sept. 10, 1861. 
Robinson. J.,e. Dec. 20, 1861. 
Stall, S. H., e. Aug. 12, 1861. wd. Vicks- 
burg, vet. Jan. i, 1864. 
Stewart. Joshua, e. Aug. 12. 1861, disd. 

Oct. 13, 1862, disab. 
Stewart, Chas., e. Aug. 12, 1861, wd. at 

Vicksburg, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, captd. at 

Dallas. Ga, 



Sells, Amos, e. Oct. 9, 1861, vet. Jan. 1,'64, 

captd. at Dallas, Ga. 
Stillman. Jas. R., e. Aug. 23, 1862, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Sherman, Benedict, e. Sept. 24, 1861, disd. 

Jan. 18, 1862, disab. 
Seely, Norman, e. Se]jt. 23, 1861, captd., 

died at Andersonville. 
Torrance, Adam C, e. Aug. 25, 1861. 
Voile, John, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Vaughn, Sam'l J., e. March 18, 1864, wd. 

Dallas, Ga. 
Welch, Jas. M., e. Aug. 12, 1861, wd. at 

Cherokee, Ala., disd. Sept. 23, 1864. 
Walter, Jas., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, prmtd. 

sergt. 
Weaver. Francis, e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Weeks, S. M., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, died at 

Rome, Ga. 
Winn, W. B., e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. Dec. 

8, 1862, disab. 
Wells, E. \^, e. Aug. 30, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Warner, Jas. M., e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 

Company D. 

Capt. David Harper, com. Sept. 7, 1861, 

resd. Feb. 14, 1863. 
Capt. Francis C. McKean, e. as ist. sergt. 

Aug. 16, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. Julv 9, 

1862, prmtd. capt. Feb. 15, 1863, m". o. 

Dec. 31, 1864. 
Capt. Jos. A. Burdick, e- as corp. Aug. 16, 

1861, prmtd. sergt. maj. wd. Pea Ridge 

and A'icksburg, prmtd. capt. Jan. 1, 

1865. 
First Lieut. David F. McGee, com. Sept. 

2, 1861, resd. July 8, 1862. 

First Lieut. Carso Crane, com. 2d lieut. 

Sept. 7, 1861, prmtd. 1st lieut. Julv 

9, 1863, resd. March 14, 1863. 
First Lieut. Jno. Sutherland, e. as sergt. 

Aug. 19, 1861, wd. Pea Ridge, prmtd. 

1st lieut. March 15. 1863, wd. Vicks- 
burg, disd. Jan. 2, 1865. 
First Lieut. Zadock Moore, e. as corp. 

Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Atlanta, prmtd. 1st 

lieut. Ai)ril4, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Ezra Nuckolls, e. as corp. 

Aug. 16, 1861. prmtd. 2d lieut. March 

15, 1863, m. o. Oct. 21, 1864. 
First Lieut. Fred D. Gilbert, e. Aug. 29, 

1861, kid. at Vicksburg. 
Sergt. Alfred C. Hines, e. Aug. 16, 1861. 

kid. at Pea Ridge. 
Sergt. Thomas Sweesey, e. Aug. 16, 1861, 

died ?tlarch 24, 1862, of \v.ds. received 

at Pea Piidge. 
Sergt. Wm. C. Glenn, e. Aug. 16, 1861, 

wd. at Pea Ridge, died Aug. 2, 1862. 
Corp. Wm. L. Murphv, e. Aug. 16, 1861, 

died March 10, 1862." 
Corp. John A. Dreibelbis, e. Aug. 16, 

1861, wd. at Pea Ridge, died at Helena, 

Ark. 
Corp. Wm. Hunter, e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864, died at Canton. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY, 



381 



Corp. A. J. Carter, e. Aug. 16. 1861, \vd. at 

Pea Ridge and died April 35, 1862. 
Corp. Wm. McVav, e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. 

April 13. 1862. 
Corp. Thos. Scott, e. Aug. 16. 1861, disd. 

April, 1862, disab. 
Corp. Isaac Miller, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. 

at Pea Ridge. 
Corp. Isaac White, e. Aug. 16, 1862, disd. 

July 3, 1862. 
Button, Wm., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Breen, Michael, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. at 

Pea Ridge, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Byers. Jacob L., e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. at 

Vicksburg. 
Butcher, Eli, e. Sept. 2, 1861, wd. at Pea 

Ridge, vet. Jan. 1. 1864. 
Beatty, Alex., e. Sept. 10, 1861, wd. at Pea 

Ridge, disd. Aug. 23, 1862. 
Conklin, Jas. W., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Cook, David F., e. Aug. 16, 1861, died at 

Young's Pt., La. 
Crane, W. S., e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
Clark, Wm., e. Aug. 16, 1861, died April 

16. 1862. 
Callahan, J. O., e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
Cassadav, Jnckson, e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1,' 1864. 
Cassaday, James, e. Aug. 30, 1861, wd. at 

Pea Ridge, captd. Claysville, Mo. 
Charles, Isaac N., e. Aug. 16, 1861. wd. at 

Pea Ridge, disd. March 21, 1863. 
Cross, Henry, e. Sept. 9, 1861, wd. at Pea 

Ridge, disd. Sept. 24. 1861. 
Dean, Wm. H., e. March 21, 1864, drowned 

at Marietta, Ga. 
Dubois, E., e. Aug. 26, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864. 
Dixon, Wm. H., e. Aug. 26, 1861, wd. at 

Vicksburg, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Dockstader, Chas., e. Aug. 19, 1861, wd.at 

Pea Ridge, captd. at Clavsville. 
Dunake, Cyrus, e. Aug. 29," 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Deft'endorffer, Jas., e. Aug. 16, 1861, trans. 

to V. R. C. 
Dixon. Thomas C, e. Aug. 26, 1861, died 

April 14, 1862. 
Espy, R. J., e. Feb. 22, 1864, wd. at At- 
lanta. 
Ewing, Milligan, e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Fuller, AVm., e. Aug. 16. 1861, wd. at Pea 

Ridge, disd Aug. 23. 1862. 
Fillson, Robt. F., e. Feb. 25, 1864, died 

Aug. 13, 1864. 
Fuller, Chas., e. Sept. 23, 1861, wd. at Pea 

Ridge, disd. June 18, 1862. 
Gilbert, Amos D., e. Aug. 16, 1861, captd. 

at Claysville. 
Gridlev, Chas., e. Aug. 19, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1. 1864. 
Green, Jos. E., e. Aug. 26, 1861, died Nov. 

28, 1861. 
HoAvard, George, e. Nov. 20, 1861, died 

March 10, 1862. 
Hogeboom, Wm., e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Hutton, Philander, e. Feb. 26, 186i. 



Holman, S. F., e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. Dec. 

17, 1862. 
Himebaugh, George L., e. Aug. 16, 1861, 

disd. July 3, 1863, disab. 
Kohoe, Edw.. e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, kid. in Chicago, 111. 
Karst, George, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Pea 

Ridge, disd. Aug. 28, 1862. 
Lowbower, John C, e. Aug. 16, 1861, 

disd. July 27, 1863. disal). 
Magee, F. A., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Miller. James, e. Sept. 3, 1864, wd. Vicks- 
burg, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Magee, John C, e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Moore, John, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. at Pea 

Ridge, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, disd. June 27, 

1865. 
Moore, Zadock, e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Mersellus. Charles, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. 

at Pea Ridge, died at Milliken's Bend. 
Nichols, J. C, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Vicks- 
burg, vet. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Nichols, 0. D., e. Sept. 19, 1861, disd. May 

29, 1862, disab. 
Overly, Jas. F., e. Aug. 16, 1861, died Jan. 

31, 1862. 
Ovei-ly, Henry, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Pea 

Ridge, died April 9, 1862. 
Palmer, Leroy, e. Aug. 19, 1861, captd. at 

Claysville, died at Andersonville. 
Phillips, Alexander, e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. 

Jan. 11, 1862, disab. 
Phelps, John, e. Oct. 15, 1861, died April 

9, 1862. 
Remington, Newman, e. Aug. 19, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 23, 1864. 
Remington, E., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Riddings, James, e. Aug. 16, 1861. disd. 

Sept.' 20, 1862. 
Ripley, George, e. Aug. 16, 1861, trans, to 

V. R. C. 
Ross, F., e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 23, 1864. 
Sutherland, A., e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
Schuster, A. E.. e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. 

Dec. 29, 1863, disab. 
Stewart, B., e. March 10, 1864. 
Sutherland, D., e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Pea 

Ridge, died March 15, 1862. 
Sutherland, M., e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. at 

Pea Ridge, disd. Oct. 2, 1862. 
South, F. JSL, e. Aug. 19, 1861. 
Smith. Geo. W., e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. 

Aug. 22, 1862, disab. 
Sanders, M., e. Aug. 30, 1861, wd. Chicka- 
saw Bayou, Miss., disd. April 22, 1862. 
Standish. Wm. H., e. Aug. 26, 1861, died 

Feb. 25, 1862. 
Shull, J. B., e. Nov. 23, 1861, kid. at Pea 

Ridge. 
Stowell, G. R. C.e. Sept. 4, 1861, disd. 
Stowell, Joseph, e. Sept. 4, 1861, vet. Jan. 

23, 1864. 
Smith, Jas. II., e. Sept. 12, 1861, died at 

St. Louis. 
Tompkins, A. S., e. Aug. 26, 1861, captd. 

at Pea Ridtre. 
Vansant, L. J., e. Aug. 16, 1861, died Jan. 

1, 1862. 



382 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



Van Yolkins^bursh, Y., e. Sept. 12. : 
Wright, Jas.' C, e. Aug. 16, 1861, wt 



1861. 
vd. Pea 

Rulge, clisd. Sept. 24, 1864. 
Waldroii, James, e. Aug. 16, 1861, disd. 

Jan. 18. 1862,disab. 
Winslow, Amos, e. Aug. 16, 1861, died. 

Oct. 12, 1861. 
Wliite, Jos. L., e. Aug. 16, 1861, wd. Pea 

Ridge, died. April 22,1862. 
Wood, AVilliam, e. Pel). 29, 1864. 
Wliite, Lsaac, e. Pel). 29, 1864. 

Company E. 

Lenhart, John, e. Pel). 20, 1864. 

Company F. 

Tibbetts, W. P., e. April 23, 1864. 
Wilcox, Hiram R., e. Sept. 8, 1861, died 
May 5, 1862. 

Company C 

131air, Jas., vet. Jan. 1. 1864. 
Company H. 

Jaooby, Jas., e. Mareh 14, 1864. 
Jacobv, Elias, e. March 14, 1864, died June 
5, 1864. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Radden, Thos., e. I^ov! 3, 1864. 
«tuart, John A., e. Peb. 29, 1864. 



TWELFTH IXPANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Memphii', 
Tenn., Jan. 20, 1S66. 

Company D. 

Pirst Lieut. Erastus B. Soper, e. as sergt. 
Sept. 20, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. April 8, 
1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. March 24, 1863, 
iiccidentallv wd. at Camp Sherman, m. 
o. Dec. 1, 1864. 

Soper, Roswell K., e. Oct. 1, 1861, captd. 
at Shiloh, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 

Company F. 

Sergt. E. S. Wiuchell, e. Sept. 25, 1861, 

captd. at Shiloh, disd. Dec. 1, 1862. 
Halfhill, H. E., e. Sept. 25, 1861, died Jan. 

9, 1862. 
Hunter, Geo., e. Oct. 28, 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
Halfhill. J., e. Sept. 25, 1861, di.sd. April 

4, 1862. 
Itolston, Nelson, e. Peb. 15, 1864. 

Company K. 

Sergt. Stephen P. Collins, e. Sept. 10, 1861, 

captd. at Shiloh, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
Pav, Wm. S., e. Sept. 19, 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh, vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 
Church, P., e. Nov. 18, 1861, vet. Dee. 25, 

1863. 
Sover, Thomas, e. Sept. 6, 1861, died at 

Montgomery, Ala. 



Dillon, Michael, e. Nov. 20, 1861, vet. Dec. 

25, 1863. 
Whittemore, H., e. Nov. 23, 1861, disd. 

April 18, 1863. 
Dillon, Jas., vet. Dec. 25, 1863. 



POURTEENTH INPANTRY. 

[Note. — This reiji nent, except veterans and recruits, were 
mustered out at Divenport Nov. 10, lS8!t. The veterans and 
recruits were con%olulited into two companies, called lietidu- 
ary Battery No. lit, which was mustered out May 13, 1S65.] 

Col. Wm. T. Shaw, com. Oct. 24, 1861. 

captd. at Shiloh, returned Nov. 18,1862, 

disd. Nov. 16, 1864. 
Asst. Surg. Shadrack Haskins, e. as hos- 
pital steward, prmtd. asst. surg. April 

9, 1863. 
Q. M. Clinton C. Buell, com. Nov. 6. 1861, 

m. o. Nov. 25, 1864. 
Chaplain Samuel A. Benton, com. Nov. 

22, 1861, resd. Jan. 30. 1862. 
Q. M. Sergt. Orrin L. Walker, e. Oct. 

16, 1861, disd. 

Company B. 

Wagoner David W. Shoemaker, e. Aug. 

12, 1862, died at Cairo, 111. 
Bisbv, James, e. Oct. 18, 1862, wd., disd. 

March 27, 1863. 
Graves, Cyrus B., e. Oct. 12, 1862, died at 

Columbus, Ivy. 
Boyle, James, e. Dec. 17, 1862. 
Harvev, Chas. T., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Holden, John W., e. Nov. 13, 1863. 
Minard, Chas. W., e. Dec. 17, 1862. 
Willard, Curtis A., e. Nov. 15, 1862. 

Company C. 

Capt. Geo. H. Wolfe, com. Oct. 25, 1861. 
Second Ijieut. Anthonv Courtright, com. 
Oct. 25, 1861. 

[Note. — See Forty fir^t Infantry, where the originally en' 
listed men were trans/erred September, 1862. 

Company H. 

Capt. Leroy A. Crane, com. 2d lieut. Nov. 

6, 1861, liiissing bat. Shiloh, com. 1st 

lieut. Jan. 25, 1863, prmtd. capt. March 

5, 1863. 
Pirst Lieut. Orville Burke, e. as 1st sergt. 

Oct. 12, 1861, captd. Shiloh, i)rmtd. 2d 

lieut. Pell. 2, 1863. prmtd. 1st lieut. 

March 5, 1863, capt. Co. B, Residuarv 

Bat., 14lh Inf. 
Second Lieut. Jos. B. Gilbert, prmtd. 2d 

lieut. April 8, 1863. 
Sergt. J. W. Deleplane, e. Oct. 24, 1861, 

captd. Shiloh. disd. Sept. 2, 1862. 
Sergt. Jason Ilul.bard, e. Oct. 12, 1861, 

captd. Shiloh, disd. March 25, 1863. 
Sergt. Perrv L. Smith, e. Oct. 12, 1861. 
Corp. Jas." A. Palmer, e. Oct. 19, 1861, 

cajjtd. Shiloh. 
Corp. J no. L. Underwood, e. Oct. 16, 1861, 

captd. Shiloh, disd. 
Corp. Chas. W. Iladlev, e. Oct. 12, 1861, 

captd. Shiloh, disd. March 25, 1863. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



383 



Corp. Sam'l E. Peck, e. Oct. 16, '61, captd. 

Shiloh, clistl. Jan. 9, 1863. 
Corp. Carr Hall, e. Oct. 12. 1861, disd. 

Marcli 24, 1862. 
Corp Orrin L. Walker, e. Oct. 16, 1861. 
Corp. Jas. E. Bonstel, e. Oct. 16, 1861, 

captd. Shiloh. 
Musician Jas. H. Clark, e. Oct. 16, 1861, 

disd. Julv 20, 1862, disab. 
Wagoner Jos. Button, e. Oct. 5, 1861. 
Bender, Joshua, e. Oct. 16, 1861, captd. at 

Shi 1 oh. 
Bradtield, E.A7.,e. Oct. 16, 1861, disd. June 

17, 1862, disab. 
Brownell, O. D., e. Oct. 16, 1861, disd. 

March 4, 1862. 
Chapman, C, e. Dec. 8, 1861, disd. Nov. 

27, 1862. 
Conklin, Jno. H., e. Oct. 20, 1861, captd. 

Shiloh, disd. March 28, 1863. 
Cline, Ciias., e. Dec. 31, 1861, wd. Shiloh, 

disd. April 18, 1862. 
Clothier, L. C, e. Nov. 3, 1862, wd. Yel- 
low Bayou, La. 
Condit, A. P., e. Oct. 12, 1861, wd. at Fort 

Dunelson, captd. Shiloh, disd. Dec. 6, 

1862. 
Clothier, Thurlow,e. Nov. 1, 1861, wd. Ft. 

Donelson, disd. July 20, 1862, disab. 
Duncan, Jas., e. Jan. i, 1862, captd Shiloh, 

disd. Feb. 5, 1863. 
Dott. Robt., e. Oct. 12, 1861. 
Darling?, F. M., e. Nov. 9, 1861, disd. June 

17, 1862. 
Dunkle, Jno. P., e. Oct. 30, 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh. 
Fisher, Frank, e. Oct. 12, 1861. 
Gard, B. M., e. Oct. 20, 1861, died Mav 15, 

1862. 
Groat, Peter, e. Oct. 12, 1861, wd. Corinth 

and Yellow Bayou, died Jefferson Bar- 
racks, Mo. 
Gowring, Ben]. F., e. Oct. 12, 1861, disd. 

April 18, 1862, disab. 
Goes, Elias, e. Oct. 12, 1861, disd. Feb. 4, 

1862. 
Garlick, Thos. S., e. Oct. 16, 1861, captd. 

at Shiloh. 
Howard, Martin, e. Feb. 2, 1864, captd. at 

Holly Springs, Miss. 
Hecocks, Daniel, e. Oct. 12, 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh, disd. Jan. 2, 1863. 
Haymaker, F., e. Oct. 12, 1861, died at 

Benton Barracks, Mo. 
Hartman, P. J.,e. Aug. 12, 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh. 
Huvev, Edw., e. Oct. 12, 1861. 
Harvey, William, e. Oct. 12, 1861, captd. 

at Shiloh. disd. Jan. 12, 1863. 
Heath, William, e. Jan. 4, 1862, captd. at 

Shiloh, disd. Nov. 4, 1862. 
Hammonds, James C., e. Oct. 19, 1861, 

captd. at Shiloh. 
Matthews. H. J., e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
McDonald, William, e. Oct. 16, 1861, captd. 

at Shiloh. 
Muzzy, Isaac M., e. Oct. 16, 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh, disd. Sept. 23, 1862. 
Mendon, George, e. Oct. 5, 186;. 



Moulthrop, Leroy, e. Oct. 5, 1861, died 

Julv 12, 1862. 
McKinlev, AVm. H.. e. Oct. 12, 1861. 
Neally, Matthew, e. Oct. 21, 1861, captd. 

at Shiloh, disd. Feb. 6, 1862. 
Northrop, James, e. Oct. 25, 1861, wd. at 

Shiloh, disd. July 20. 1862, disab. 
Pierce, E. P., e. Oct. 20. 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh. disd, March 21. 1863. 
Patterson, David, e. Nov. 14, 1861, captd. 

at Shiloh, trans, to Inv. Corps. 
Preston, Geo. N., e. Oct. 16, 1861. disd. 

June 7, 1862. 
Robinson, William, e. Jan. 4, 1862, disd. 

July 20, 1862. 
Scoles, R. B., e. Oct. 19, 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh. 
Stanton, C H., e. Sept. 24, 1861. captd. at 

Shiloh. 
Scott, F. W., e. Oct. 12, 1861, wd. Shiloh, 

disd. Oct. 1, 1863. 
Shike, John, e. Oct. 12, 1861, disd. April 

25, 1862. disab. 
Tibbitts, A. W., e. Nov. 9, 1861, wd. at 

Shiloh. 
Thomas, Elihu, e. Oct. 16, 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh. 
Van ^"altenburg, R.. e. Oct. 24, 1861, wd. 

at Pleasant Hill. La. 
Wide], John F., e. Oct. 16, 1861, died at 

Corinth. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Holden, John W. 



RESIDUARY BATTERY FOUR- 
TEENTH INFANTRY. 
Company B. 

Capt. Orville Burke, com. Nov. 19, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Perry L. Smith, com. Nov. 

19, 1864, disd. June 27, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Jas. C. Hammonds, com. 

June 28, 1865. 
Sergt. John P. Dunkin, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
Sergt. Joshua Bender, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
Corp. Thos. S. Garlick, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
Musician D. L. Jones, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 
McCalmant, Elisha, e. Aug. 1, 1864. 
Seely, M. M., e. Dec. 9, '63, disd. July 20, '65. 
Thoinas, Elihu, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 



SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., 
July 25, 1S65.] 

Adjt. Geo. A. Jones, e. as sergt. maj. 
prmtd. adjt. July 16, 1865. 

Company H. 

Marsh, Emery, vet. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Pike, Jas. L., vet. March 5. 1864. 

Company K. 

Corp. William H. Johnson, e. Marcli 24, 
1862, died May 3, 1862. 



384 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



Corp. Ira C Dodge, e. March 28, 1862, wd. 

at Shiloh, disd. Oct. 31, 1862. 
Applegate, Kicliard, e. ISIarch 27, 1862. 
Barnes, John, e. :March 22, 1862. 
Clvmer, Thos., e. March 21. 1862. 
Clothier, Theo., e. jSIarch 2, 1862. 
Cronkwhite. Buel, e. March 7, 1862. 
Eldridge, Wm. W., e. Marcli 1, 1862. 
Horton, Ellis ^y., e. March 22, 1862, disd. 

Dec. 2, 1862, disab. 
Killffore, Herbert, e. March 20, 1862. 
Locke, A. L.. e. March 31, 1862. 
Lenningan, M., e. Fel). 28, 1862. 
Marsh, Eniorv, e Feb. 27, 1862. 
McClaine, John T.,e. March 22, 1862, died 

Sept. 1, 1863. 
INIiller, Alfred S., e. March 27, 1862, disd. 

Sept. 13, 1862. 
McQuilloii, B., e. March 18, 1862, disd. 

Xov. 29, 1862. 
Pike, Jas. L., e. March 1, 1862, captd. at 

Tilton, Ga. 
Eolston, Jacob, e. March 20, 1862, wd. at 

Jackson, Miss., kid. at Missionary 

Ridge. 
Biley, Clement, e. March 8, 1862. 
Starks, John, e. March 20, 1862. 
Tracy, Timothy, e. March 26, 1862, wd. at 

Jackson. Miss. 
White, Samuel, e. March 14, 1862. 
White, Chas., e. March 28, 1862. 

TWENTY-FOUETH INFAKTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment u-as mnstered out at Savannah, Ga., 
July 17, 1S65.] 

Chaplain George R. Carroll, com. Feb. 3, 
1864, resd. Nov. 13, 1864. 

Company B. 

Second Lieut. W. W. Edgington, e. as 
sergt. Aug. 2, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. 
March 21, 1864. wd. at Fisher's Hill. 

Steward, F. M., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 

Company I. 

Corp. Wm. Bryan, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Company K. 

Capt. James I). ^VlHiams, com. Sept. 18, 

1862, resd. Dec. 1, 1863. 
Capt. Benj. G. Paul, e.as private Aug. 23, 

1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. June 11, 1863, 
prmtd. c;ipt. Dec. 2, 1863, kid. near llose- 
dale Bayou. La. 

Capt. Aaron M. J.,oomis, com. 2d lieut. 
Sept. 18. 1862, i)rnitd. 1st lieat. June 11, 

1863, prmtd. capt. June 18, 1864, wd. at 
Cedar Creek, Va. 

First Lieut. Thos. Green, com. Sept. 18, '62, 
resd. on account ill health June 12, '63. 

First Lieut. Roval S. Williams, e. as 
sergt. Aug. 8. "1862, })rmt(l. 2d lieut. 
June 15. 1864. jn-intd. 1st lieut. June 18, 

1864, wd. at Cedar Creek. Va. 
Second Lieut. James L. Ilall, e. as pri- 
vate Aug. 9, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. June 
18, 1864, wd. nt Cedar Creek, Vn. 



Second Lieut. Jeremiah AVoodyard, e. as 

Corp. Aug. 15, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 

1, 1865. 
Sergt. David Moore, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Sergt. E. M. Hamilton, e. Aug. 15, 1862, 

died at Milliken's Bend. 
Sergt. J. E. Fisher, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at 

Keokuk. 
Sergt. Chas. A. Melner, e. Julv 21. 1862, 

disd. Feb. 10, 1863, disab. 
Sergt. Geo. L. Foote, e. Aug. 9, 1862, kid. 

at Ope(iuan Creek, Va. 
Sergt. Farnsworth Cobb, e. Aug. 9, 1862^ 

wd. at Cedar Creek, Va., disd. May 2, 

1865, wds. 
Corp. Marcus Johnson, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Corp. G. McAtkinson, e. July 21, 1862, 

captd. at Sabine Cross Roads. La. 
Corp. C. C. Horton, e. July 21, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 20, 1863, disab. 
Corp. Chas. W. Gould, e. Aug. 4, 1863, disd. 

Feb. 22, 1863. disab. 
Corp. Chas. H. Johnson, e. Aug. 14, 1863, 

wd. at Mansfield, La. 
Corp. James Sloan, e. Julv 28, 1862. 
Corp. Eli Sawyer, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. 

Nov. 23, 1863. 
Corp. Geo. W. James, e. Aug. 15, 1863, wd. 

Winchester. 
Corp. Will. W. Walters, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Musician Riley Calkins, Julv 21, 1862, wd. 
Musician J. G. Smith, e. JulV 21. 1862. 
Allen, Anson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. at 

Helena. Ark. 
Arnt)ld, Hiram, e. Julv 30, 1862. 
xVrcher. Calel), e. July 24, 1862, wd. and 

died at Champion Hills. 
Bill, C. C, e. Julv 21, 1862. 
Brainard, James A., e. Julv 21, 1862. 
Brvan, C. M., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. June 

16, 1863, disab. 

Barnhill. Samuel, e. Feb. 15, 1864. 

Bill, H. G., e. Julv 21, 1862. 

Babcock. Edgar, e. Julv 26, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 23. 1865, disab. 
Brock, Jas. F.. e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Bronsoii. Jas. AV., e. Aug. 21, 1863. 
Brock, Robert, e. Aug. 9, 1863, trans, to 

Inv. Cori)s. 
Calkins, Orrin, e. Jan. 5, 1864, died Xew 

Orleans. 
Countryman, A., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Crandall, Z. J., e. Feb. 20, 1864, died April 

17, 1864. 

Craig, David, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Carpenter, Chas. H., e. Aug. 15, 1863, died 

Oct. 31, 1863. 
Cady, Henry, e. Aug. 14, 1862, drowned in 

Pearl River, near Jackson, JNIiss. 
Crandall, A. G., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Jiui. 

30, 1862. 
Crandall, M. C, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Crone, Wm., e. Julv 24, 1862, disd. June 8, 

1865, disab. 
Crandall, Wm. M., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Calkins, K. J., e. July 30, 1863. 
Dockstater, H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, (li.sd. 

:\r:irch 11. 1863. disab. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



385 



Donaldson, T., e. Aua:. 19, 1862. 
Dubois, L. K., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Eliersol], Daniel, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Ellis, Jacob, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Helena, 

Ark. 
Ellis, Wm., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Jan. 7, 

1863. disab. 
Fairchilds, E. G., e. Aug. 15, 1861, died at 

St. Louis. 
Fuller, Carlos, e. Aug. 9, 1861. 
Garrett, Robert, e. Feb. 9, 1864, wd. Win- 
chester, Va., trans, to V. \i. C. 
dee, Leonard, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Gould, Jas. A., e. Feb. 22, 1864, wd. at 

Cedar Creek, disd. Jan. 11, 1865, wds. 
Gee, Isaac, e. Aug. 22, 1863, disd. Jan. 31, 

1863, disab. 
GifEord, C M., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
(Jilbert, Geo., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Havden, Mvron, e. Feb. 9, 1864. 
Hainilton, A. A., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Ilerron, Davis, e. July 31, 1862. 
Hanna, Jos. A., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at 

Sabine Cross Roads, La. 
Ingraliam, C, e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd., trans. 

to V. R. C. 
Johnson, Jeremiah, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died 

at Helena. 
Johnson, Jas. R., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Jewett. Abel, Aug. 18, 1862, died Dec. 13, 

1862. 
Kenney. Aaron, e. July 31, 1862, died at 

New" Orleans. 
Kimball, John M., e. Aug. 1, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 12, 1863, disab. 
Lain, Tliomas, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Lain, Wm. J., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died New 

Orleans. 
Moore, C. D., e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Moore, Jesse, e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Murry, Martin, e. July 19, 1862. 
Mudge, L. C, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Mudge, Aldin, e. Aug. 14, 1802, disd. April 

13, 1863, disab. 
Mackril], S. R., e. Aug. 8. 1862. 
McCalmant, Samuel, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died 

at Opelousas, La. 
Milner, H. J., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Feb. 

20, 1863, disab. 
Moore, H., e. Aug. 6, 1862. captd. at Cedar 

Creek. 
Moore, S., Jr., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to 

V. R. C. 
jNIcDaniel, D. A., e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. at 

Winchester, disd. Feb. 24, 1865. 
MeCormick, James, e. Aug. 22, 1862 
Xiehols. L. H..e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Osborn, Geo. E., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Parks, Jacob F., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. 

Julv 9, 1863, disab. 
Paul,'B. G., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Paul, H. F., e. Feb. 24, 1864, captd. Cedar 

Creek. 
Pulsii)her. Newel, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at 

Muscatine. 
Prouty, E. A., e. Aug. 19, 1862, died at 

Vicksbin'g. 



Powers, Samuel, e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. at 

Champion Hills, died at Memphis. 
Ruby, Joseph, e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at 

Cedar Creek. 
Reynolds, Frank, e. Aug. 21, 1802. disd, 

Feb. 23, 1863, disab. 
Sones, Geo. W., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Dec. 

5, 1864, disab. 
Sloan. J. W., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. Feb. 

20, 1863, disab. 
Spencer, James, e. xiug. 15, 1862, disd. 

Jan. 14, 1863, disab. 
Sennett, Thomas, e. Julv 28. 1862. 
Sinkey, F., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Tebo,"D. G., e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at 

Sabine Cross Roacls, La. 
Van Yaltenburg, W. H., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Yasser, E. H., e. Feb. 22. 1864. 
Vasser, W. W., e. Feb. 22, 1864, died at 

Wyoming. 
Williams, Charles P., e. Aug. 9, 1862, died 

at Carrion Crow Bavou. 
Woodruff, Adam, e. July 30, 1864. 
AVhite, AVilliam, e. July 21, 1864, captd. at 

Cedar Creek. 
Wilkinson, Robert, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 
Williams, Jos. T., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Ebersole, Daniel, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Moore, Jesse E., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Nichols, Lewis H., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Wilkinson, Robert, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 



THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 

[Note — This regiment was mustered out at Louisville Jam 

27, 1S65.] 

Maj. Ezekiel Cutler, com. Sept. 16, 1862, 

resd. March 20, 1863. 
Maj. Scwell S. Farwell, com. Oct. 13, 1868, 

prmtd. maj. May 27, 1865. 
Surg. Horace H. Gates, e. as hospt. stew- 
ard, prmtd. asst. surg. March 1, 1864, 

prmtd. surg. June 10, 1865. 
Asst. Surg. Lucius 11. French, com. Sept. 

16, 1862, resd. June 8, 1864. 
Asst Surg. Elisha F. Tavior, com. June 

30, 1863, resd. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Adjt. Moore Briggs, e. as com. sergt., 

prmtd. adjt. April 13, 1864, m. o. May 

15, 1865. 
Chaplain Dan'l S. Starr, com. Sept. 26, 

1862, resd. March 4, 1863. 

Company A. 

Edgington, .1. M.. e. Aug. 22, 1862, died 

Dec. 19, 1862. 
Herron, Franklin, e. Dec. 9, 1863 

Company E. 

Capt. Edwin B. Alderman, com. Oct. 18, 

1862. resd. Feb. 13, 1863. 
Ca])t. Geo. I). Hilton, com. 2d lieut. Oct, 

13, 1862, prmtd. capt. March 17, 1863. 
First Lieut. Edmund T. Mellett, com, 

Oct. 13, 1862, resd. March 17, 1863. 



386 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



First Lieut. Richard McDaniel, e. as 

sergt. Aug. 14, 1862, prratd. 1st lieut. 

Marcli 17, 1863. 
Second Lieut. Daniel H. Monroe, e. as 

sergt. Aug. 14, 1863, prmtd. 2d lieut. 

Marcli 17, 1863, died Corinth, Miss. 
Sergt. Wm. M. Starr, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Sergt. Jas. H. Cooksey, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 

disd. Aug. 19, 1863, disah. 
Sergt. Geo. R. Seaman, e. Aug. 14, 1862, 

disd. Aug. 10, 1863. 
Sergt. D. W. Cleveland, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 

died Young's Point, La. 
Sergt. J. H. Barker, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 

Oct. -5, 1864, disab. 
Sergt. S. P. Porter, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Corp. O. P. Olinger, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Corp. Jno. R. Campbell, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Corp. M. F. Sipe, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died 

Dec. 24, 1862. 
Corp. T. M. Belknap, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Corp. M. M. Wilde, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Corp. Thos. Buckner, e. Aug. 14, 1862, 

disd. Sept. 7, 1863, disab. 
Corp. R. Spear, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Dec. 

24, 1862. 
Musician A. H. House, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 

disd. Feb. 23, . 

Musician J. W. Benedom, e. Aug. 12, 62. 
Wagoner Jas. W. Durlin, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 

trans, to Inv. Corps. 
Amy, O. H., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Andrews, Ruel, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. 

Marcli 4, 1863. 
Baker, P. M., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at 

Young's Point, La. 
Barnard, Jno. H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 

June 19, 1863, disab. 
Brown, Wm. M., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Brown, S., e. Aug. 14, "62, died at St. Louis. 
Campbell, Jno. R., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Chad wick, Daviu, e. Aug. 13. 1862. 
Cook, Wm.. e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. May 

20, 1864. 
Cook, Amster, e. Aug. 16, 1862, wd. June 

27, 1804, and at Kenesaw Mountain, 

disd. Jan. 26, 1865. 
Converse, Jesse, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at 

Memi)his. 
Curti.s, Wm. J., e. .Vug. 13, 1862, died Dec. 

14, 1802. 
Corttwright, J. E., e. Aug. 12, 1863, trans. 

to Inv. Cor])s. 
Crow, John AV., e. Aug. 14. 1802. 
Dickerson, Win., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Dunning. II.. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Dial, ]Martin L., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Farnham. Wm. G., e. Aug. 14. 1862. 
Frink, Wm., e. .Vug. 12, 1862, wd. and 

died at A'icksburg. 
Graham, J. G., e. Oct. 24, 1862. 
Gates, Horace H., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Hilton, A. M., e. Aug. 16, 1862, disd. July 

12, 1863, disab. 
Harrison, Al)ram, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died 

Jan. 1.5. 1863. 
Harvey, I. E., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Healey, Robt., e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps. 



High, Daniel A., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at 

Young's Point, La. 
House, J. G., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at St. 

Louis. 
Joslin, Harrison, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at 

Vicksburg. 
Joslin, Daniel, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at 

St. Louis. 
Krahl, John, e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to 

y. R. c. 

Kerr, Wm. F., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps. 
Kerr, Porter, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Lamb, Cyrus, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 

Young's Point, La. 
Littletield, Clark, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 

Memphis. 
Luce, Samuel, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Lyons, C H., e. Aug. 11. 1862. 
Lyons, John W., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Masker, Wm. S., e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. at 

Vicksburg, disd. Aug. 9, 1863. 
Mattocks, J. H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 

June 21, 1865, disab. 
Mead, Geo. W., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at 

Young's Point, La. 
Merritt, Cornelius, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Monroe, Harvev IL, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
JSTash, AVm. W.,' e. Aug. 14, 1862. died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Xeilly, Tliomas, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Nikirk, Geo. W., e. Aug. 11. 1862. 
I^orthrop, H., e. Oct. 24, 1862. 
O'Donnell. John, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Olinger, Jas. L., e. Aug. 14. 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps. 
Orr, Mark, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Oct. 

8. 1864, disab. 
Overacker, Wm., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. 

March 3. 1863, disab. 
Page. O. F., e. Aug. 14, 1802, died at 

Memphis. 
Parsons, ( 'has. A., e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans. 

to V. R. C. 
Phelphs, Wm. O., e. Aug. 12. 1862. 
Putnam, A. C., e. Aug. 14, 1802, disd. April 

10, 1863. disab. 
Rumple, Elias M., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Rundall, J. G., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 

Young's Point, La. 
Ryder, J. A., e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Re- 

saca, died jSIav 6, 1864. 
Sage, Xestor, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 

Memphis. 
Sams, Stephen, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Slade. F. H., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Stingly, Jas., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. 1863. 

disab. 
Snider, A. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Sept. 

7, 1863, disab. 
Stuttsman, John, e. Aug. 13, 1862. trans. 

to Inv. Corps. 
Tallman, Jas. H.. e. Aug. 16, 1862. 
Thoma , O. E , e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corj)s. 
Thomas, Edmund, e. Aug. 12, 1862, 
Thomas, Bennett, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died 

March 12, 1863. 
Thomlev, Hiram, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



387 



Tice, Lewis, e. Aug. 14, 1863, disd. Feb. 1, 

1863, disab. 

Tice, John, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. April 

18, 1863, disd. 
Titus, Jas. W.. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Wagoner, David, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at 

Walnut Hills, Miss. 
Walton, P. T., e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
Warren, E., e. Aug. 13, 1862,, died Young's 

Point, La. 
Webb, A. J., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died on 

steamer Von Phul. 
Wentworth, S., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Waterhouse, M., e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps. 

Company C. 

Capt. Jeremiah C. Austin, com. Oct. 18, 

1862, resd. Jan. 30, 1863. 
Capt. Jos. H. Evans, e. as private, com. 

capt. March 31, 1863. 
First Lieut. Edward H. Handy, com. Oct. 

13, 1863, resd. Aug. 13, 1863. 
Second JJeut. Simon N. Landon, e. as 

sergt. Aug. 8, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. 

Oct. 13, 1862. 
Sergt. Orson B. Lowell, e. Aug. 6, 1862, 

died at Memphis. 
Sergt. Lorenzo D. Bates, e. Aug. 6, 1862, 

trans, to V. R. C. 
Sergt. Jas. Miller, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at 

Memphis. 
Corp. Jas. P. Scoles, e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
Coi-|x Valentine Dalbey, e. Aug. 13, 1863, 

died at Yicksburg. 
Corp. Henry Simpson, e. Aug. 9, 1863, died 

Jan. 5, 1863. 
Corp. Moses M. McCree, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Musician J. D. Herrick, e. Aug. 6, 1862. 
Wagoner John Brigham, e. Aug. 15, 1863, 

died at St. Jouis. 
Brien, Jas., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Camp 

Slierman, Miss. 
Cronkhite, Wm., e. Aug. 17, 1862. 
Conner, Benj. F., e. Dec. 9, 1863, died at 

Keokuk. 
Clymer, Chas., e. Aug. 15, 1863, trans, to 

Inv. Corps. 
Carpenter. Henry, e. Aug. 8, 1863, disd. 

March 24, 1864, disab. 
Clothier, Theo., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Cole, Simeon W., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Cowies, John S., e. Aug. 23, 1862. 
Dewev, E. A., e. Aug. 8, 1863, disd. Sept. 

7, 1863, disab. 
Deirlein, John, e. Aug. 9, 1863, died at 

Memphis. 
Emerson, Chas., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Gilmore, Jas. P., e. Aug. 9, 1863, trans, to 

V. R. C. 
Gilmore, Wm. H., e. Aug. 9, 1863, died at 

Young's Point, La. 
Gleck, Is'athan, e. Feb. 12, 1864. 
Graham. John W., e. Aug. 32, 1863. 
Gales, Z., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Feb. 2. 

1864, disab. 

Huston. John R., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died 
Jan. 28, 1863. 



Hitchcock, John, e. Aug. 8, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps. 
Haney, John F., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Hammon, S., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Hitchcock, Jas., e. Feb. 2, 1864. 
Ireland, Benj. F., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Ireland, Silas, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Johnson, J. L., e. Aug. 6, 1863, died at 

Memphis. 
Klise, D. E., e, Aug. 9, 1863. 
Long, Hiram R., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. 

April 3, 1863, disab. 
McMullen, John D., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died 

at Young's Point, La. 
McMullen, Bethuel, e. Aug. 9, 1863, trans. 

to Inv. Corps. 
Murry, M. J., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Miller, Elmer, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Marshall, Thomas, e. Aug. 9, 1863. 
Manning, L. H., e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. 

Aug. 21, 1863, disab. 
Ogg, William, e. Aug. 12, 1863, disd. June 

6"; 1863, disab. 
Ogg, Charles, e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
Overbaugh, Joseph, e. Sept. 9, 1863. 
Pierce, E. E., e. Aug. 14, 1863, disd. Sept. 

7, 1863, disab. 
Reed, Samuel, e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
Richstine, D. M., e. Aug. 33, 1863, died on 

steamer Citv of Memphis. 
Rogers, Chas.'E., e. Aug. 18, 1863. 
Smith, Burt A., e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
Shibev, Oliver, e. Aug. 23, 1862. 
Starry, Daniel, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Yoorhies, Miles, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Yroorman, Wm. D., e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Wildev, Geo. E. IL, e. Aug. 14, 1863, disd. 

Sept". 7, 1863, disab. 
Walker, William, e. Aug. 8, 1863, wd. 

May 18, 1863. 
Young, E. A., e. Aug. 7, 1862, died Jan. 

23, 1863. 

Company H. 

Capt. Abijah E. White, e. as corp. Aug. 

2, 1862, prmtd. capt. June 10, 1865. 
First Lieut. Franklin Amos, com. Oct. 

13, 1862, wd. at Atlanta, resd. Feb. 2, 

1865. 
Second Lieut. James G. Dawson, com. 

Oct. 13, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, resd. 

Jan. 11, 1864. 
Sergt. F. H. Blodgett, e. xlug. 3, 1862, died 

at Memphis March 26, 1863. 
Sergt. D. W. Perrine, e. Aug 14, 1862, died 

Feb. 28, 1863. 
Sergt. Samuel Williamson, e. Aug. 14, 

1862, died on steamer Forest Queen. 
Sergt. Geo. A. Jones, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disd. 

July 33, 1864, disab. 
Sergt. J. C. Clark, e. Aug. 14, 1863, captd. 

at luka. Miss. 
Sergt. Wm. S. Johnson, e. Aug. 14, 1863 , 

died at Camp Sherman, Miss. 
Sergt. Wm. W. Sutherland, e. Aug. 14, 

1863, disd. March 34, 1863, disab. 
Sergt. John AY. Cook, e. Aug. 14, 1863, wd. 

at Roswell and Atlanta, Ga., died at 
Marietta. 



388 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY, 



Corp. Moore Brig<>s, e. Aug. 3, 1862, prmtd. 

adj. Mav, 1864. 
Corp. Edgar G. Himes, e. Aug. 2, 1862, 

died at Young's Point, La. 
Corp. B. F. (iowing. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Corp. K. M. Marvin, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Corp. AVm. .S. Campbell, e. Aug. 2, 1862, 

died Jan. 9, 1863. 
Cor)). Newton Bentley, e. Aug. 14, 1862, 

\vd. at Lookout Mountain, died at 

Chattanooga. 
Corp. Benjamin Batchelder, e. Aug. 5, 

1862, di('(i at Mempliis. 
Musicinn Charles H. Whitney, e. Aug. 2, 

1862, died al .St. Louis. 
Musician Samuel J. Glenn, e. Aug. 14, 

1862, died at Young's Point, La. 
Wagoner 8. K. McDaniel, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Ackerman, O. B., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 

JuneK, 1863, disab. 
Albertson, Charles, e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. 

at Arkansas Post. 
Al(lri<-h. Lemuel, e. Feb. 19, 1864. 
Alherlson, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 

Memphis. 
Beckos, AVallace, e. Aug. 2, 1862. wd. at 

Arkansas Post, died at Memphis. 
Barnhill. Wm. T., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. 

June 2, 1863. 
Burnight, L. H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 

Mav 22. 1868, disab. 
Butterfield. Isaac, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Buttolph.E. F., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Black, Wm. J., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Breen, John, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at St. 

Louis. 
Cantield, Johnson, e. Feb. 23, 1864, died 

at Chattanooga. 
Corbett, Miles II., e. Aug. 14. 1862, died 

on steamer City of Memphis. 
Covert, E. D., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 

Young's Point, La. 
Covert, S. J., e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps. 
Carter, Chas. II., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Cook, G. N., e. Aug. 14. 1862. 
Cook, T. J., e. .^ug. 14, 1862. 
Cook, Rufus G., e. Aug. 14. 1862. 
Cross, J. II. II.. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Cunningham, P., e. July 24, 1862, died at 

Jackson, Miss. 
Darling, A. C, e. Aug. 5, 1862. 
Dawson, William, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. 

^hwdi 8, 1864, disab. 
Dickerson, ("has., e. .Vug. 14, 1862, wd. at 

.Vrkansas Post and Lookout Mountain. 
Dickerson, Wm., e. Se])t. 5, 1864. 
Dreibelbis, Jacob, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at 

St. Louis. 
Ennis, Jas. D., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
F«>ster, Geo. C., e. Aug. 14. 1862, disd. Sept. 

7, 1863, disab. 
Fitch, J. C, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Gerrett, John B., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans. 

to Marine Brigade. 
Gardner, Wm. P., e. Aug. 14, 1862. wd. 

at Arkansas Post, disd. June 9. 1863. 
Goodin, Wallace, e. Aug. 5, 1862. died Jan. 

23, 1863. 



Haun, Robt. C., e. Aug. 22. 1862. 
Himes, F. E., e. Aug. 2. 1862. 
Harlow, G. T., e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
Hawlev, C. W. e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Himebaugh, P. H., e. Aug. 14, 1863, died 

Fel). 12, 1864. 
Hunter, Cyprian, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died 

at Memphis. 
Ingram, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Jones, Luman, e. Feb. 17, 1864. wd. at 

Kenesaw Mountain. 
Johnson, H. .M., e. Aug. 2, 1863, died at 

Scotcli Grove. 
Karst, Geo., e. Feb. 17, 1864. 
Kilgore, H. II., e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. May 

22, 1863. 
Kenny, M. M., e. Aug. 2, 1862. 
Kohout, Jos., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Lewis, Alex., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Lawrence, F., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Lawrence, I. S., e. Aug. 14, 1863, died Nov. 

11, 1863. 
Lamb, Harvey, e. Aug. 2, 1862, wd. at 

Dallas, Ga.. died at Ackworth, Ga. 
Lightfoot, Jas. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died 

at Memi)his. 
Merriman, Wm., e. Aug. 2, 1863, died at 

Vicksburg. 
Morse, F. M., e. Aug. 5, 1863, kld.Resaca. 
Mnrviu. Wm. R., e. Aug. 3, 1863, died at 

Younc's Point, La. 
Miller, David, e. Aug. 14, 1863. 
McBride, Sam'l IST., e. Aug. 14, 1863, died 

Memphis. 
Moorehouse, O. J., e. Aug. 14, 1863, wxl. 

Lookout ^lountain, died Chattanooga. 
McFrv, Andrew J., e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Nelson, S. J., e. August 9, 1862, died Mem- 
phis. 
Nelson, Sam'l, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at 

Young's Point, La. 
Nelson. Wm., e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. March 

30, 1863. 

Nelson, Robt. D., e. Aug. 22, 1862. died St. 
Louis. 

Nelson, Mervin, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died on 
steamer City of Memphis. 

Nelson, M. J., e. Aug. 23, 1863, died Mem- 
phis. 

Parker, Jas. F., e. Sept. 5, 1864. 

Redman, Jno., e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at 
Young's Point, La. 

Rearick, Jno. P., e. Aug 6, 1862, died at 
St. Louis. 

Rankin, M. H., e. Aug. 14, 1863, died Aug. 

31, 1863. 

Rynerson, F. M., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died 

Memphis. 
Richardson. .Sam'l, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died 

Jan. 17, 1863. 
Rice, R. AV., e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
Sweesy, Matthias, e. Aug. 14, 1862 
Sutherland, I)., e. Aug. 14, 1863. 
Sutherland, Jno., e. Aug. 14, 1863. 
Stofer, Abner, e. Aug. 14. 1862, died July 

9, 1864. 
Shields, Geo. O., e. Feb. 26, 1864, wd. at 

Resaca. 
Spence, J., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Memphis. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



389 



Smith, Jacob, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at 

Young's Point, La. 
Wolf, M. H., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Welsh, Oliver, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Watson, M. A., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. 

Sept. 7, 1863, disab. 
Whittemore, Wm., e. Aug. 22, 1863, disd. 

April 22, 1863. 
Whittemore, A. B., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Whittemore, W.L., enlisted September 5, 

1864. 



THIRT.Y-SEVENTH IN^FANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Davenport, 
dale not given in Adjutant General's Ileporl.] 

Company A. 

Corp. David Bumgardner, e. Nov. 11, '62, 

disd. March 21, 1865, disab. 
Clymer, Chas., e. Nov. 11, 1862, died St. 

Louis. 

Company F. 

Barnes, Aaron, e. Dec. 29, 1862, prmtd. 

musician. 
Krokooke, Jos., e. Dec. 26, 1862, disd. Sept. 

12, 1864, disab. 
Rice, R. B., e. Dec. 19, 1862, died Feb. 4, 

1864. 

Company I. 

Second Lieut. Thomas E. Belknap, com. 

Dec. 15, 1862. 
Sergt. Noah Bigley, enlisted September 

5, 1862. 
Cook, John W. H., e. Sept. 20, 1862, disd. 

May 7, 1863, disab. 
Dodge, Mark, e. Oct. 9, 1862. 
Gilford, Jos., e. Sept. 15, 1862. 
Hodges, Vincent, e. Oct. 1, 1862, disd. 

Mav 20, 1864, disab. 
Lake.'^Benj., e. Oct. 23, 1862. 
Pate, Henry, e. Sept. 22, 1862, disd. May 8, 

1863, disab. 
Shafer, S. M., e. Sept. 8, 1862, disd. April 

8, 1863, disab. 

Shafer, John, e. Oct. 8, 1862. 

Secrest, Robert M., e. Sept. 11, 1862, disd. 

April 25, 1863, disab. 
Truax, John, e. Sept. 11, 1862. 
Tavlor, W. H., e. Nov. 1, 1862. 
Warren, Levi, e. Oct. 8, 1862, disd. Dec. 11, 

1863, disab. 
Zigler, Jacob, e. Sept. 23, 1862, disd. Nov. 

9, 1864, disab. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Chatwin, E., e. Dec. 16, 1862. 



FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This Compiwj was transferred to Seventh Cavalry 
April 25, 1863.] 

Company C. 

Capt. Geo. H. Wolfe, com. Oct. 13, 1861. 
Second Lieut Anthony Courtright, com. 
Oct. 13, 1861. 



Sergt. S. G. Cunningham, e. September 28, 

1861. 
Corp. Samuel S. Wherrv, e. September 27, 

1861. 
Corp. John B. Green, c. September 26, 

1861. 
Brady, Joseph, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Clark, Jas., e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Carter, Wm., e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Ferguson, Luther, e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
Forbes, Patrick, e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
Graham, W., e. Oct. 7, 1861. 
Green, John B., e. Sept. 26, 1861. 
Holmes, Samuel B., e. Oct. 28, 1861, died 

at Fort Randall, D. T. 
Klise, John W., e. Sept. 38, 1861. 
Langon, Wm. P., e. Sept. 36, 1861. 
Ratean, James, e. Sept. 28. 1861. 
Reamer, Ralph, e. Oct. 1, 1861. 
Robinson, D., e. Oct. 1, 1861. 
Sellen. Joseph F., e. Oct. 3, 1861. 
Smith, H. W., e. Sept. 27, 1861. 
Swan, Avery, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Thurston, Wm. H„ e. Sept. 36,1861. 
Wherrv, M. M., e. Sept. 27, 1861. 
Wherrv, Samuel S., e. Sept. 27, 1861. 
Welch," W. C, e. Sept. 26. 1861. 
Yale, Geo. W., e. Sept. 36, 1861. 



FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Davenport, 
Iowa, Sept. 15, 1861,.] 

Company A. 

Morev, Edwin S., e. Mav 3, 1864. 
Metcalf, M. H., e,Mav 6, 1864. 
Scro-gs, John A., e. May 6, 1864. 
Spaukling. J. L., e. May 6, 1864 
Thomas, Jas. R., e. May 14, 1864. 

Company C. 

Capt. Jas. W. McKean, com. June 1, 1864, 

died at Memphis. 
Sergt. Samuel E. Hutton, e. April 30. 

1864. 
Sergt. F. W. Houser, e. April 30, 1864. 
Corp. David Inches, e. April 30, 1864. 
Barnes, H. J., e. May 7, 1864. 
Brady, Freeman, e. April 30, 1864, died at 

Memphis. 
Calkins, F. M., e. April 30, 1864. 
Dewey, Chas., e. March 18, 1864. 
Foster, R. C, e. March 9, 1864. 
Foust, Benj., e. April 30, 1864. 
Glenn, R. R., e. April 30, 1864. 
Himebaugh, H. H., e. May 14, 1864. 
Horton, Erastus B., e.May 9, 1864. 
Lovejoy, Owen D., e. May 6, 1864. 
McYav, Levi, e. Mav 9, 1864. 
Murphv, Chas. H., e' April 30, 1864. 
McKean, C. B., e. April 30, 1864. 
Monroe, C A., e. Mav 1, 1864. 
Sutherland, D. W., e.May 3, 1864. 

Company F. 

Beranek, John, e. May 31, 1861. 



390 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



FIRST CAVALRY. 

[Note. — Thii regiment was mustered ont at Austin, Tex., 
Feb. 15, 1866.] 

Company B. 

Bujrler Ednuiiul T. Hopkins, e. July 18, 

1861. 
Crane, O. E., e. Jan. 5,1864. 
Penninian, C. G.. e. Julv 18, 1861. 
Stanley, E. G., e. Julv i8, 1861. 
Smitii,' Howard E., e^ July 18, 1861. 

Company C. 

Corp. Lawrence Schoonover, e. July 13, 

1861. 
Armitai^e, John. 

Casselenum, Levi, vet. Dec. 9, 1863. 
Gant, Matthew. 

Johnson, W. D., vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Larkey, Alex., died Feb. 19, 1862. 

Company K. 

Phelan, Jas., e. Aug. 17, 1801. 

Atwood, Chas. P., e. Mav 15, 1861, vet. 

Dec. 20, 1863. 
Allspauiiii, D. A., e. Mav 15. 1861. 
Fairchiids, A. H., e. May 15, 1861, vet. 

Dec. 20, 1863. 
Fitzsinimons, John, e. July 18, 1861. 
Jamiesoti, Sanuu'l, e. Aug. 17, 1861, vet. 

Dec. 20, 1863. 
Kidder, John (J., e. Aug. 17, 1861. 

Company L. 

Q.M.S. James V. 13rowii, e. Aug. 25, 1861. 
Sergt. H. A. O' Bladen. 
Farrier Reuben Barnes, disd. Nov. 15, '61. 
Farrier Wni. J. Bowman, disd. Nov. 15, 

1861. 
Saddler Herman Brav, disd. Feb. 7, 1862. 
Barnard, AVm. disd. Dec. 1, 1861. 
Maurice, Z., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Brown, Milton, disd. Dec. 11, 1861. 
Maurice, Nicholas, e. June 13, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 5, 1864. 
Brown, Jas. V., e. Aug. 25, 1861. 
Chase, Chas. A., e. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Lawyer, Steplien, died at Little Rock, 

Ark. 
Wat.-ion, A. E., e. Dec. 7, 1863. 
Smith, Wm., vet. Jan. 5. 1864. 
Rogers, George, vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Rice, James E., vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 

COMPANY UNKNOAVN. 

Ackerrnan, O. B.. e. Jan. 23. 1864. 
Bates, Chas., e. Jan. 23, 1864. 
Barto, C. M., e. Feb. 15, 1804. 
Dawson, Jolui W., e. Jan. 25, 1864. 
Fay, H. A., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Mullford, James T., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
McCartv. Chas., e. Jan. 23, 1864. 
Riielan, Jas. H., e. .March 8, 1864. 
Phatigan, Tiiomas, e..luue 23. 1864. 
Slade, Vandelier, e. Feb. 17, 1864. 
Thompson, A. J., e. Feb. 17, 1864. 



SECOND CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Sebna, Ala., 
Sept. 19, 1S65.] 

Company B. 

Corp. A. S. Pooper, e. Julv 30, 1861, disd. 

Feb. 7, 1862. 
Barnett, Alfred, e. Dec. 14, 1863. 
Potter, John J., e. Oct. 31, 1862, vet. March 

1, 1864. 
Potter, I. W., e. Dec. 15, 1863. 

Company I. 

Corp. Chas. C. Crocker, e. Aug. 4, 1861, 

wd. near Hurricane Creek, Miss. 
Corp. Eli Mead, e. Aug. 4, 1861, trans, to 

Inv. Corp. 
Corp. Isaac Ford, e. Aug. 14, 1861. 
Davis, George W., e. Aug- 4, 1861. 
Davis, James, e. Oct. 6, 1861. 
Krokoskia, N., e. Aug. 4, 1861. 
Kellum, Warren, e. Aug. 4, 1861, died at 

Benton Barracks. 
Laml), Henrv, e. Aug. 4. 1861, disd. Sept. 

3, 1862, disab. 
Mvrick, Rufus B., e. Aug. 14, 1861, vet. 

March 1, 1864. 
Potter, Daniel, e. Aug. 14, 1861, vet. March 

1, 1864. 
Yount, John W., e. May 17, 1864. 

Company L. 

Corp. Isaac N. Cooper, e. Sept. 12, 1861. 
Saddler, Edw. Cooper, e. Sept. 12. 1861. 
Edwards, Jacob, e. Sept. 12, 1861, vet. 

Marcii 1, 1864. 
Edwards, Jas., e. Aug. 15, 1862, vet. March 

1,1864. 
Felby, Edw., vet. Marcli 1, 1864, kid. near 

Lvnnville, Tenn. 
Taylor, John, e. Sept. 12, 1861. 

Company M. 

Dawson. John, e. Sept. 28, 1861, disd. Oct. 
13, 1863, disab. 



SIXTH CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was muslced out at Sioux City 
Nov. 17, lS6o.\ 

Company A. 

Hamilton, Clark, e. Oct. 13, 1862. 
Hunter, Hiram, e. Oct. 24, 1862. 
Parsons, J no., e. Dec. 30, 1862. 
Scriven, Jas. AV., e. Oct. 4, 1862. 
Wentworth, Lorenzo, e. Dec. 30, 1862. 

Company B. 

Bugh, John, e. Jan. 1, 1863, disd. Feb. 24, 

1865. 
Ilerron, Jonathan, e. Oct. 13, 1863. 

Company H. 

Morgan, Jos., e. Nov. 5, 1862. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



391 



Compiiny I. 

Q. M. S. Jos. O. Reynolds, e. J^ov. 19, '62, 
(lisd. Oct. 6, 1864. 

Company K. 

Com. Sergt. Peter Reeger, e. Sept. 12, '62. 
Sergt. M. W. Jeffries, e. Sept. 12. 1862. 
Sergt. Alvin R. Bverly, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
Sergt. Darius S. Hinman, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
Corp. Wm. Alspangli, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
Brookhouse, A. H., e. Sept. 13, 1862, disd. 

Oct 33, 1863, disab. 
Beeks, Wm. J., e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
Coe, Jno. D., e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
Chapper, Jno., e. Oct. 23. 1862. 
Luce, Israel, e. Sept. 13. 1862. 
Mvers, Sam'l, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
Mimn, Jno., e. Oct. 22, 1862, kid. White 

Stone Hill. D. T. 
Mershon. Lewis C, Sept. 12, 1862. 
Shoop, Calvin, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
Shults, Jno. H., e. Sept. 13, 1863. 
Sampson, Daniel, e. Oct. 21, 1863. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Edwards, Jno., e. Oct. 1, 1864. 
Tubbs, Wm., e. Oct. 1, 1864. 



SEVENTH CAVALRY. 

[Note — This portion of the regimenl iocs mustered otU at 
Sionx City June 2'2, 1S66.\ 

Company K. 

Shover, Jno., e. Sept. 30. 1861, vet. Feb. 

Company M. 



39, 1864. 



Capt. Geo. H. Wolfe, com. Oct. 35, 1861, 

m. o. Oct. 31, 1864, term exp. 
Capt. Anthony Courtright, com. 3d lieut. 

Oct. 25, 1861, prmtd. capt. Nov. 25, '64. 
First Tiieut. L. G. Cunningham, e. as 

coms'v sergt. Sept. 28, 1861, prmtd. 1st 

lieut.Nov. 25, 1864. 
Sergt. Samuel S. Wherry, e.Sept. 27, 1861, 

vet. Feb. 28, 1864. 
Corp. John B.Greer, e. Sept. 26, 1861, vet. 

Feb. 38, 1864. 
Corp. David Robinson, e. Oct. 1, 1861, 

vet. Feb. 28. 1864. 
Farrier Wm. F. Angstead. e. Oct. 15, 1861. 
Brady, Wm., e. May 4, 1861. 
Carter, Wm., e. Sept. 38, 1861, vet. Feb. 

38, 1864. 
Clarks, Jas., e. Sept. 28. 1861, vet. Feb. 38, 

1864, disd. Feb. 1, 1866, disab. 
Ferguson, Luther, vet. Feb. 38, 1864. 
Ferguson, Chas., e. May 6, 1864. 
Graham, Watson, e. Oct. 24. 1861. 
Klise, J. W., e. Sept. 28, 1861, vet. Feb. 

28, 1864. 
Langan, Wm. P., e. Sept. 26, 1861, vet. 

Feb. 28. 1864, disd. Feb. 7, 1866, disab. 
Ratican, James, e. Sept. 38, 1861, vet. Feb. 

38, 1864. 
Reamer, Ralph, e. Sept. 26, 1861, vet. Feb. 

28, 1864. 



Seller, Joseph F., e. Oct. 3, 1861, vet. Feb. 

38, 1864. 
Smith. H. W., e. Sept. 27, 1861, vet. Feb. 

28. 1864. 
Swan, Avery, e. Sept. 28, 1861, vet. Feb. 

28, 1864. 
Turkle, Geo., e. Sept. 27, 1861. 
Thurston, Wm. H., e. Sejit. 26, 1861. 
Wherry, M. M., e. Sept. 37, 1861, vet. Feb. 

38, 1864. 
Welch, W. C, e. Sept. 36, 1861, vet. March 

31, 1864. 
Weeks, E. D., e. May 6, 1863. 
Yule, Geo. W., e. Sept. 36, 1861, vet. Feb. 

38, 1864. 

EIGHTH CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Macon, Ga., 
Aug. 13, 1865.] 

Company C. 

Wagoner Isaac Ackarman, e. Aug. 1, '63. 
Atkins, Robt., e. Aug. 7, 1863, disd. Dec. 

18, 1868. disab. 
Coffee, Thos., e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
Goudv, John S., e. Aug. 1, 1863. 
Leaper, John A., e. Aug. 1, 1863. 
Leaper, Jolin. e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
McMillan, Jas. S., e. Aug. 1, 1863. 

Company L. 

Corp. Wm. Fuller, e. Aug. 5, 1863, captd. 
at Newnan, Ga. 

Bodenhiffer, George W., e. Aug. 19, 1863, 
captd. at Newnan, Ga. 

Bentlev, William, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 

Fuller," Samuel H., e. Aug. 7, 1863. 

Hawley, F. D., e. Aug. 13, 1863, w^d. at 
Campbellville, Tenn 

Kinney, Thos. J., e. Aug. 26, 1863. 

McQueen, Adam, e. Aug. 5, 1863, died at 
Evansville, Ind. 

Miller, Alonzo, e. Aug. 1, 1863, died at 
Keokuk. 

Wade, Wm.. e. July 31, 1863, died at Chat- 
tanooga. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Munson, John, e. Nov. 23. lS64. 
Smitli, Henry, e. Nov. 23, 1864. 
Wedley, John F., e. Nov. 33, 1864. 



NINTH CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Little Rock 
Feb. 3, 1866.] 

Company K. 

Capt. Jeremiali Lockwood, com. Nov. 30, 

1863, resd. April 30, 1864. 
Trumpeter John G. Crouse, e. Sept. 33, 

1863. 
Wag(mer Silas Kennv, e. Oct. 1, 1863. 
Crook, Wm. C. H., e. .Sept. 10, 1863, died 

at St. Louis. 
Mann, Benj. F., e. Oct. 1, 1863. 
Sennot, Chas. P , e. Sejit. 29. 1863. 



892 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



COMPAXV UNKXOAV'N. 

Warden, Geo., e. Oct. 19, 1864. 

MISCELLAXEOUS. 
First Infantry. 

Soper, E. B., e. April 24, 1861, m. o. Aug. 

25, 1861. 
Secrest, James M., e. April 24, 1861, m. o. 

Aug. 25, 1861. 

Third Infantry. 

Corp. Cliarles A. Wilber, e. :srav 18, 1861, 

m. o. June 18, 1864. 
Critclifield, Elliott, e. May 18, 1861, m. o. 

June 18, 1864. 
Downer, AVm., e. May 18, 1861, m. o. June 

18, 1864. 
Downer, Horace, e. Nov. 1, 1861, Avd. and 

disd. Nov. 28, 1862. 
Doty, Jas., e. May 18, 1861, ni. o. June 18, 

1864. 
Emart, Jacob, e. May 18, 1861, died Nov. 

15, 1861. 
Maury, Jacob C, e. May 18, 1861, m. o. 

June 18, 1864. 
Platts, Asa, e. Mav 18, 1861, wd. Shilob, 

ni. o. June 18, 1864. 
Spence, James, e. May 18, 1861, disd. Feb. 

3. 1862. 

Fifth Infantry. 

Thurston, M. E., e. June 24, 1861, Avd. at 

lul^a. 
Cocket, E. A., e. June 24. 1861, disd. Dec. 

3, 1862. 
Corp. Geo. W. Foote, e. Julv 1, 1861, m. o. 

August, 1864. 
Corp. Jos. L. Carlin, e. July 1, 1861, m. o. 

August, 1864. 
Conklin, Wm. E., e. July 1, 1861, m. o. 

August, 1864. 
Stitsman, Rinehart, e. July 1, 1861, m. o. 

August, 1864. 

Sixth Infantry. 

Asst. Surgeon Xorman M. Smitli, com. 
Oct. 22, 1862. 

Eighth Infantry. 

Kellev, A. W., e. Aug. 14, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Primlev, Wm.. e. Aug. 14, 1861, captd. at 

Sliiloh. 
Withell, Elias M., e. Aug. 14, 1861, disd. 

March 13, 1862, disab. 

Eleventh Infantry. 

Asst. Surgeon J. C. Batford, com. Oct. 

25, 1863, resd. June 5, 1863. 

First Lieut. John A. White, com. July 

26, 1865. 

Corp. Albert B. Siles, e. Sept. 28, 1861, 

died May 4, 1862. 
Musician Geo. M. Titus, e. Sept. 18, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 



Thirteenth Infantry. 

Second Lieut. Abram E. Wood, prmtd. 2d 

lieut. June 7, 1865. 
Bowman, Godfrev, e. Oct. 15. 1861, disd. 

Feb. 3, 1865. disab. 
Foot, Jas., e. Oct. 15, 1861, died Aug. 4, 1862. 
Lockwood, J., e. Oct. 15, 1861, disd. Dec. 

11, 1861, disab. 
Postelwaight. J. J., e. Oct. 15, 1861, vet 

Jan. 1, 1864, wd. 
Shaffer, Samuel B., e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd 

Jan. 1, 1862. 
Selbv, Henrv. e. Oct. 15, 1861, disd. March 

3, '1862. 

Sixteenth Infantry. 

Blake, James, e. Dec. 9, 1861. wd. Shiloh. 
Brown, George, e. Dec. 12, 1861, trans, to 

In v. Corps. 
Bodenhoffer, Jolni, e. Dec. 19, 1861, vet. 

Feb. 28, 1864. wd. 
Corbin, Aaron F., e. Dec. 20, 1861, died 

June 30, 1862. 
Hulett, Oliver B., e. Jan. 23, 1862, died 

Aug. 5. 
Hamilton, Alexander, e. Feb. 23, 1863, 

vet. Feb. 28, 1864, died Aug. 7, 1864. 
Capt. Marshall C Fuller, com. March 24, 

1862, m. o. June 10, 1862. 
Corp. Alexander Maple, vet. Jan. 16, 1864, 

captd. July 22. 1864. 

Eighteenth Infantry. 

Corp. Henrv A. Burch, e. Julv 11, 1862, 

m. o. July 20, 1865. 
Bower, Wilson, e. Julv 9, 1862, m. o. July 

20, 1865. 
Dumont, Thomas E., e. July 9, 1862, m. o. 

Julv 20, 1865. 
Hodge, Alfred, e. Julv 11, 1862, wd. Jan. 

8, 1863. 
Hazel )ri<jg, A. J., e. Julv 7, 1862, m. o. 

July 20, 1865. 
Phillips, Jerome, e. Julv 21, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 19, 1863, disab. 
Russell, C. C, e. July 17, 1862, m. o. July 

20, 1865. 

Twenty-first Infantry. 

Blv, Joseph, e. June 25, 1862, m. o. Julv 

i5, 1865. 
Beattv, David, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m.o. July 

15, 1865. 
Jefferson, Charles H., e. Aug. 22, 1862. m. 

o. July 15, 1865. 
Kress, H. W., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. March 

20, 1863, disab. 
McMahon. Patrick, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. 

Julv 15. 1865. 
Robins, Amos, e. Julv 28, 1862, m. o. July 

15, 1865. 

Twenty-sixth Infantry. 

Sergt. :M. R. Brown, e. Jime 27, 1862, disd. 

May 22, 1863, disab. 
Corp. Alonzo D. Liude, e. July 7, 1862, m. 

o. June 6, 1865. 




#-^ 



Col.Chas. f. Springer. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



395 



Farmer, S. H., e. Julv 7, 1863, died Oct. 

19, 1863. 
Kanallv, James, e. Aag. 2, 1863, died Dec. 

27, 1862. 
Low, Edwin, e. July 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 

1865. 
Reed, Charles, e. June 18, 1863, died Feb. 

23, 1863. 
Williams, John L., e. July 7, 1862, trans. 

Thirty-fourth Infantry. 

Gifford, C. M., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Feb. 

9, 1863. 
Dickev. R. B., e. Jan. 23, 1864, m. o. Auu'. 

15, 1865. 

Thirty-fifth Infantry. 

Betzer, Aaron R., e. Aug. 19, 1862, trans. 

Thirty-ninth infantry. 

Cline, Chas., e. Aug. 23, 1863, kid. Oct. 5, 

1864. 
Rye, Wm., e. Aug. 23, 1862, m. o. June 5, 

1865. 
Snyder, J. F., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. Oct. 

5. 1864. 

"Wry, Absalom, e. Aug. 23, 1862, m. o. June 

5. 1865. 

Wry, James, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died Feb. 
19, 1865. 

Forty-sixth Infantry. 

Thurlow, L. C, e. May 30, 1864, m.o. Sept. 

23, 1864. 
Coolsmith, Wm., e. May 30, 1864, m. o. 

Sept. 23, 1864. 
Klise, Chas. F.. e. Mav 30, 1864, m. o. Sept. 

23, 1864. 

Fourth Cavalry. 

Second Lieut. Michael McLaughlin, e. as 
sergt. Sept. 23. 1861, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 
28, 1864, returned to 1st sergt. 

Corp. George M. Stewart, e. Sept. 23, 1861, 
m. o. Aug. 10, 1865. 

Pierce, Laban, vet. Dec. 19, 1863. 

Fifth Cavalry. 

Painter, Wm. H., e. Feb. 26, 1864, m. o. 
Aug. 11, 1865. 

Fifth Veteran Cavalry. 

Burlingham, Mark, e. Feb, 20, 1864. 
Newcomb, Geo. W., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Samons, Curtis, e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Sergt. Luther V. Brainard, Oct. 7, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864, prisoner of war. 
Sergt. William D. Gleasou, e. Oct. 35, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Brainard, John F., e. Feb. 6, 1861, vet. 

Feb. 6, 1864. 
Edwards, G. H., e. Oct. 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Ensign, G., e. Feb. 26, 1861, vet. Feb. 26, 

1864. 



Isabel], M. M., e. March 7, 1861, vet. March 

7, 1864. 
Parmenter, AVm. TL, e. Feb. 26, 1861. 
Randall, O., e. Feb. 26, 1861. 

Third Battery Light Artillery. 

Dodge, Frederick D., vet. March 21, 1864, 

m. 0. Oct. 3, 1865. 
Waudick, Thos., vet. Dec. 22, 1863, m. o. 

Oct. 3, 1865. 
Waddick, Wm., vet. Dec. 23, 1863, m. o. 

Oct. 3, 1865. 

Engineer Regiment of the West. 

Artificer -L P. Davis, e. Sept. 31, 1861. 
Artificer Andrew J. iSTorton, e. Sept. 21, 
1861. 

Thirteenth Illinois Infantry. 

Musician Samuel Huber, e. xlpril 34, '61. 

Thirty-third Illinois Infantry. 

Cole, Edmund F., e. Aug. 21, 1861, disd. 
May, 1864. 

Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry. 

Black, Jas., e. Sept. 8, 1861, m. o. May 15, 
1866. 

Fifty-first Illinois Infantry. 

Gavin, Wm., e. Jan. 28, 1862, m. o. Sept. 
25, J 865. 

Second Kansas Cavalry. 

Corp. Jacob S. Ray, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Hays, Horace, e. Sept. 14, 1861. 
Hoskins, P. L., e. Nov. 14, 1861. 
Tyrell, Isaac X., e. Oct. 28, 1861. 

Thirteenth Infantry. 

Wood, Abram E., e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Sergt. Hector E. Baldwin, e. Sept. 17, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1. 1864. 
Breithaupt, C F., e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Brundage, Oliver, e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Bunce, Wesley, e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1861. 
Coffee, Ezra, e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864. 
Davis, Wm., e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864. 
Gibliony, Jas., e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864. 
Kane, Peter, e. Sei)t. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864. 
Kohl, D., e. Sept. 17, 1861. vet. J;ui. 1. 1864. 
McArthur, John, e. Sept. 17. 1861, vet. 

Dec. 1, 1863. 
Phelan, D. J., e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864. 
Warrington, I. C, e. Sept. 17, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 



396 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



HORRIBLE MURDER IN .JONES COUNTY. 



On Sunday, the 19th of September, 1858, Sheriff Newton S. Noble 
received information that an atrocious murder had been committed in Wash- 
ington Township. The Sheriff immediately repaired to the place of the mur- 
der and succeeded in arresting the murderer. 

The murdered man was a Mr. Keneily, an Irishman, and Ned Penderghast 
the murderer. The crime was the result of the too free use of the "ardent." 
These two men were at work mowing, when, having drank too freely, a quarrel 
ensued, and resulted in the killing of Keneily by Penderghast with a scythe. 
A Mr. Clancy was badly Avounded by the blow that caused the death of 
Keneily, he (Clancy) standing near at the time. A good deal of excitement 
prevailed, and there was much talk of lynching Penderghast, but he was taken 
to Marion by the Sheriff and confined in jail to await trial. There was no 
jail in Anamosa at the time. In due time, Penderghast was tried in the Dis- 
trict Court at Anamosa, convicted of manslaughter, and sentenced to serve at 
hard labor for two years in the State Penitentiary at Fort Madison. He was 
taken to Fort Madison by Sheriff Noble, there to serve his time ; returned to 
Jones County and soon after died. 

OLD settlers' association. 

According to previous announcement, the Old Settlers of Jones County 
assembled in the City Hall, Anamosa, on Wednesday, April 4, 1866. The 
meeting was organized by appointing Dr. N. G. Sales, Chairman. Dr. S. G. 
Matson was chosen Secretary, and T. E. Booth, Assistant Secretary. The 
object of the meeting was stated by Mr. Otis AVhittemore. 

On motion, a Committee of three was appointed to draft a Constitution and 
By-Laws for the government of the Association, to-wit : 0. T. Lamson, Dr. S. 
G. Matson and Otis Whittemore. 

While the Committee was out, Mr. John Merritt, being called upon, gave a 
bi'ief history of his early life. He came to Jones County in January, 1837. 
In the June following, he selected a claim near Rome. He afterward returned 
to New York, and, in 1839, again started West, by water, bringing his family 
with him. He arrived near where Clinton now is, and had not a dollar in his 
pocket ! Those who are acquainted with Mr. Merritt will appreciate the con- 
trast in his financial affairs at that time and noAV. After much trouble and 
delay, he succeeded in reaching his claim, where he, like many others of the 
pioneers of the county, by perseverance and frugal industry, attained wealth 
and comfort for his old age. At the conclusion of the remarks of Mr. Merritt, 
the Committee reported a Constitution and By-laws for a permanent organiza- 
tion, and the following oflScers were chosen for the ensuing term : 

President, S. G. iVIatson ; Vice President, Otis Whittemore ; Secretary, 
J. D. Walworth ; Treasurer, C. T. Lamson. 

The following gentlemen were elected Vice Presidents at large : 

Cass Township, John Powell ; Fairview Township, Joseph A. Secrest ; 
Greenfield Township, E. V. Miller; Hale Township, L. A. Simpson; Monti- 
cello Township, Thomas J. Peck ; Rome Township, Timothy Stivers ; Rich- 
land Township, Barrett Whittemore ; Scotch Grove Township, John E. Love- 
joy ; Washington Township, Thomas McNnllv ; Wayne Township, Daniel 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 397 

Soper ; Wyoming Township, Thomas Green. (All the townships were not 
represented.) 

The following named persons were present at the meeting : N. G. Sales, S. 
G. Matson, John Merritt, Henry Koffitz, J. Clark, E. Brown, B. Chaplin, D. 
Graham, 0. Whittemore, G. H. Ford, J. Hulton, N. B. Roman, H. Booth, I. 
Fisher, W. W. Hollenbeck, J. D. Walworth, C. T. Lamson, S. F. Glenn, A. 
Sutherland, J. E. Lovejoy, G. L. Yount, S. Kelly, G. Brown. E. Brown, H. 
C. Metcalf, J. Powell, E."^ Booth, Benjamin L. Matson, J. Graham, T. E. Booth, 
H. Hollenbeck, C W. Hollenbeck, B. Brown. 

Another meeting Avas not held until the 2d of September, 1875. The fol- 
lowing are the minutes of their doings at the time : 

The old settlers of Iowa, residing in Jones County, met in the observ- 
atory of the exhibition hall, on the Fair Ground, to the number of about 
twenty. 

Short remarks were made by Whittemore, Russell, Marvin, Rynerson, Sti- 
vers and McKean. On motion of Rynerson, the Secretary was instructed to 
procure the book and funds of the old organization of J. D. Walworth, of Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

On motion of Pangburn, voted an Executive Committee be appointed, con- 
sisting of Whittemore Russell, Marvin, Rynerson and Moulton, to draft a 
Constitution and By-LaAvs for the society, and report at next meeting. The 
President gave notice that there would be a meeting of the Committee at Moul- 
ton's office, on Saturday afternoon, the 18th inst. On motion of Judge McKean, 
voted to adjourn, subject to the call of the President for a permanent organiza- 
tion. 

Names of those present, their nativity, and the year they came to Iowa: 

B. Whittemore. New Hampshire, 1837 ; Edmund Booth, Massachusetts, 
1839; Thomas Green, Indiana, 1840; Timothy Stivers, New York, 1840; 
R. J. Cleveland, Massachusetts, 1841; William Brazleton, Illinois, 3842-. E. 
A^ Miller, Ohio, 1843; Otis Whittemore, New Hampshire, 1843; William 
Cline, New York, 1844 ; Elijah Pangburn, New York, 1845 ; R. A. Rynerson, 
Kentucky, 1845; John Young, England, 1848; A. D. Kline, Virginia, 1849; 

Richard H. Simpson, ; J. C. Austin, Vermont, 1850; John 

Russell, Scotland, 1852; S. S. Farwell. Ohio, 1852 ; John White, Pennsyl- 
vania, 1852 ; David Ralston, Virginia, 1853 ; M. M. Moulton, New Hamp- 
shire, 1854; John McKean, Pennsylvania, 1854 ; Robert Dott, Scotland, 1854; 
Dr. T. E. Mellctt. Indiana, 1855; A. G. Pangburn, New York, 1855; A. H. 
Marvin, New York, 1855; John Clark, Pennsylvania, 1855. 

Tvr AT TVT o ^ Otis Whittemore, President. 

M. M. Moulton, Secretary. ' 

THE ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY AT ANAMOSA. 

On the 8th of May, 1872, the Penitentiary Commissioners, Messrs. Martin 
Heisey, formerly Warden of the State Penitentiary at Fort Madison, William 
Ure, of Linn County, and Maj. F. L. Downing, of Oskaloosa, inspected sev- 
eral sites talked of for the location of the Anamosa Penitentiary building. 
The Commissioners Avere accompanied by Messrs. John McKean, John Tasker, 
B. F. Shaw, C. II. Lull, Dr. N. G. Sales, T. W. Shapley, E. C. Holt, G. W. 
Field, J. S. McClure and others. The tract first examined is the south half 
of the southwest quarter of Section 3, and at the time was the property of 
Dr. N. G. Sales, except ten acres owned by R. N. Fowler. 



398 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTV. 

Having made an examination of this tract, the party returned by way 
of what was known at the time as the thirteen-acre tract talked of for a county 
fair ground, lying within the northwestern limits of the corporation. An 
examination of this tract over, the party returned to the Fisher House. At 1 
o'clock, a complimentary banquet was given in honor of the Hon. John 
McKean, Hon. P. G. Bonewitz and Hon. John Tasker, the Jones County mem- 
bers of the General Assembly, as a recognition of their eiforts in behalf of the 
Penitentiary project, and also in honor of the Commissioners, who were present 
for the first time in official capacity. At the conclusion of the banquet. Sena- 
tor John McKean called the house to order, and Capt. E. B. Alderman was 
made Chairman. 

Messrs. H. C. Metcalf, C. H. Lull and R. N. Fowler were appointed a 
committee to act for the city of Anamosa with the Penitentiary Commissioners, 
in matters pertaining to the location of the Penitentiary buildings, and 
other things coming within the province of the Commissioners as to the 
city of Anamosa. T. R. Ercanbrack, Milton Remley and J. L. Sheean 
were appointed a committee, and reported resolutions expressive of the senti- 
ments of those present toward the Jones County members and others, for 
their efforts and services in behalf of the penitentiary project. The report 
was unanimously adopted, after which the meeting adjourned, and the Com- 
missioners took their departure for a tour of observation to the prisons of other 
States. 

About the 4th of June, 1HT2, the Commissioners met and located the Pen- 
itentiary just northwest of the town, on the ground in the angle formed by the 
Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad and the public highway leading from Ana- 
mosa to Fisherville. A subscription of $3,500 was raised by the citizens to 
purchase such lands as were not donated. Dr. Sales donated twelve lots, and 
sold two more at $50 each. On the west side of the Buffalo, the Doctor 
donated thirty-six acres, and sold twenty-five acres for $1,250, the citizens 
paying for the same. The Doctor also gave the right of way over his land to 
the quarries, as did also Mr. Israel Fisher. The first quarry bought by the 
State lies three miles west of the land donated to the State. This quarry 
includes twenty acres within boundaries, more or less being suitable for the 
purpose for which it was purchased. The second quarry comprises a tract of 
eighty acres, a large part of which is underlaid with the finest of building- 
stone. The latter was the Avell-known and valuable quarry of Messrs. Krause, 
Shaw & Weaver, which had been running for years, and, at the time, was 
owned by Dr. Sales. 

The State has 100 acres of land at the quarries, sixty-one acres of pasture 
or tillable land in the forks of the Buffalo, and fifteen acres for the Peniten- 
tiary buildings — in all, about 175 acres. The State paid to Dr. Sales for the 
quarries, $15,000 ; the citizens paid to him, $1,250; Orrin Sage, of Ware, 
Mass., donated one block of ten lots for the buildings, and other lots were pur- 
chased by the citizens to the full amount of their subscriptions, and donated by 
them to the State. The State thus secures more than was called for in the 
bill for its location, to wit: Ten acres of stone quarry, at a cost not to exceed 
$15,000, and seventy acres for penitentiary and other purposes. The pledges 
of the citizens to the State were fully carried out. we are glad to record, to the 
honor of the people of Jones County. 

The plan of the new Penitentiary was the work of L. W. Foster & Co., and 
the proper authorities approved the same, at Des Moines, about the 1st of Sep- 
tember, 1872. 



I 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 399 

The following is a synopsis of the plan adopted : The structure is to 
be of cut stone, 636x933 feet on the ground. In the center of the front 
is the Warden's house, 50x60 feet and five stories high, the last a tower 
whose summit is 112 feet above the base. These apartments Avill be 
furnished in comfortable and substantial style. In the rear of the Warden's 
house is the guardhouse, 20x40 feet in size, and in the rear of that the 
guards' rotunda. 50x50 feet. Opening off from the rotunda to the right 
and left are the cellrooms, each 52x190 feet, and each containing 320 
cells. In the rear of the rotunda is the dining-room, 50x120 feet. Over 
this apartment are the chapel, schoolroom, library and hospital, all con- 
nected with the center building by an inclosed corridor. All the rooms 
ai'e well lighted and fully ventilated. The grounds are to be inclosed with a 
stone wall twenty-two feet high, six feet thick at the base and four feet thick 
at the top. 

Whoever remembers the State Penitentiaries of forty years ago, will readily 
see and appreciate the vast progress made in a single generation in providing 
for the prisonei's a dining-room, chapel, library and schoolroom. Such things 
were undreamed of by lawmakers not many years ago. 

The work on the buildings was commenced on the 28th of September, 
1872. A good degree of progress has been made, and, at present writing, 
there are cells and accommodations for about two hundred convicts, who are 
employed in the quarries and in labor at stone-cutting and construction labor. 
The cells, dining-room, cook department, chapel and hospital are now in what 
is to be one of the workshops, when the additional buildings are completed. 
About 20 per cent of the work necessary to the completion of specifications 
laid down in the plan is already accomplished, and the work is progressing 
nicely under the present management. The building, when completed, will be 
an imposing structure, one of the largest and most thoroughly modern, in all of 
its appointments, of any prison in the country. When completed, the War- 
den's house, prison cells, guards' hall, entrance hall to the dining-room, will be 
in the shape of a cross, and a guard standing in the center of this hall can see 
to the extremity of either wing. A provision is made whereby the guards 
mount the wall from the outside, and avoid the necessity of passing among the 
prisoners in mounting guard. The buildings, shops and walls will be built of 
stone obtained from the State quarries, elsewhere described, and the labor is 
done by the prisoners. 

On the 13th of May, 1873, twenty convicts were transferred from the 
Penitentiary at Fort Madison, and with these there have been received, up to 
present writing, 606 convicts ; 435 have been discharged, by reason of expira- 
tion of terra of service, by pardon and other causes, leaving in the prison 171 
prisoners. A few have escaped during the time, but are counted with the 
435. 

Of the Commissioners first appointed, Mr. Heisey was made Acting Warden 
and served in that capacity until the 1st of April, 1876, when the Hon. A. E. 
Martin, of Delhi, Avas made Warden, and still continues in that position. The 
financial aflfiiirs during Mr. Heisey "s administration seem to have been some- 
what defective, as disclosed by an examination of the books. We understand 
that an investigation has been had, and that a final adjustment was made with 
the State of Iowa, and Mr. Heisey exonerated from any criminal negligence 
while acting in the capacity of Warden. 

The accommodations for prisoners, to the number now held, are passably 
commodious, and as healthful as it is possible to make them under the 



400 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

circumstances. The prisoners are kindly treated, and most excellent dis- 
cipline secured by firm and ja<licious treatment. The present officers are : 

Hon. A. E. Martin, Warden. 

L. B. Peet, Acting Deputy Warden. 

W. H. Pearson, Clerk. 

L. J. Adair, Physician. 

Mrs. A. C. Merrill. Chaplain. 

Lew Kinsey, Turnkey. 

Number of guards, twenty-one. 

Mr. Martin not only insists that each one shall be faithful to the purposes for 
which he is appointed, but likewise is always on hand to give personal super- 
vision to all mattei's of importance. 

Mrs. A. C. Merrill is the only lady chaplain of a similar institution in the 
United States, and is eminently satisfactory to the officers, and universally pop- 
ular with the prisoners. With the assistance of some of the citizens of 
Anamosa, she conducts a good Sabbath school each Sunday morning, after 
which the chapel exercises continue for the space of an hour. The convicts 
who are well enough are required to attend chapel service, but volunteers com- 
pose the Sunday-school scholars. In addition to the devotional and singing 
exercises at the chapel service, a sermon is delivered by some one — Mrs. Mer- 
rill frequently acting in this capacity herself — or some one is invited to deliver 
a didactic discourse. From a small beginning a library of upwards of 700 vol- 
umes has been secured, and the prisoners — a goodly number of them-- 
thoroughly interested in reading. The books are mostly standard works, and 
reflect credit upon those who have made the selections from time to time. 
Those in the hospital are well and kindly cared for. The treatment of the sick 
is both rational and scientific. 

Very little punishment is necessary, for the rules of discipline are so reason- 
able that only the most obstinate and willful could refuse to obey them. Out of 
seventy-six last discharged, forty-six gained a full reduction in time by reason 
of good conduct. Most of the others gained nearly full time, losing a few days 
only. Everything in and about the building is neatly and cleanly kept, and 
bears a cheerful and healthful appearance. 

An examination at sundry times of the management of affairs warrants tht 
conclusion that the interests of the State at this institution are carefully 
guarded. Mr. Pearson, the clerk, is an accurate and faithful accountant, and 
the books of the institution are kept by the most approved methods. 

PRISON STATISTICS. 

Statement of convicts received into and discharged from the Additional 
Penitentiary from October 1, 1877, to September 30, 1879, both dates inclusive: 

III confinement Octoher 1, 1877 140 

Jleceived by convicti'n of courts up to September 30, 1879 205 

Received for safe keeping; -3 

Escaped prisoners, recaptured and returned 6 

Total 4oo 

Convicts Discharged — By expiration of term, 178; by pardon, 41; by 
commutation, 2; by escape, 14; by death, 3; by order of State Courts, 10; 
by order of United States Court, G ; sent to Asylum, 1 ; by transfer to Fort 
Madison Prison, 20; in confinement September 30, 1879, 180; total, 455. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNJV. 401 

Statement of Habits — Temperate, 199 ; intemperate, 101 ; total, 300. 

Social State — Married, 92 ; widowers, 11 ; single, 197. 

^V.T— Male, 299 ; female, 1. 

Education — Good, 86; fair, 8; common, 215; poor, 41. 

Religious Education — Adventist, 2 ; Baptist, 12 ; Catholic, 65 ; Christian, 

6 ; Congregational, 7 ; Episcopal, 10 ; Evangelistic, 1 ; Friends, 1 ; Jew, 1 ; 
Lutheran, 26; Methodist, 87; None, 53; Presbyterian, 23; Quaker, 1; Uni- 
tarian, 1 ; United Brethren, 2 ; Universalist, 2. 

Statement of Term — Thirty days, 1 ; sixty days, 1 ; seventy days, 1 ; 
three months, 7 ; one hundred days, 3 ; four months, 7 ; five months, 1 ; six 
months, 37; eight months, 5; nine months, 12; ten months, 3; one year, 44 
fourteen months, 1 ; fifteen months, 3; sixteen months, 4; eighteen months, 16 
twenty months, 2; two years, 51; twenty-seven months, 1; thirty months, 15 
three years, 30; three years and eight months, 1; four years, 10; four and 
one-half years, 1; five years, 17; six years, 2; seven years, 3; eight years, 

1 ; ten years, 8 ; twelve and one-half years, 1 ; fifteen years, 1 ; sixteen years, 
1; twenty years, 1; life, 3; safe keeping, 5; total, 300. 

Statement of Age — Sixteen years, 6 ; seventeen, 7 ; eighteen, 16 ; nine- 
teen. 24; twenty, 18; twenty-one, 16; twenty-two, 20; twenty-three, 26; 
twenty-four, 22; twenty-five, 12; twenty-six, 10; twenty-seven, 6; twenty- 
eight. 10; twenty-nine, 15; thirty, 11; thirty-one, 10; thirty-two, 7; thirty- 
three, 5; thirty-four, 7; thirty-five, 3; Dhirty-six, 1; thirty-seven, 7; thirty- 
eight, 4; thirty-nine, 6; forty, 2; forty-two, 4; forty-three, 3; forty-four, 
1; forty-six, 2; forty-seven, 1; forty-eight, 2; fifty, 2; fifty-one, 4; fifty-two, 
2; fifty-three, 1; fifty-four, 1; fifty-five, 1; fifty-seven, 1; fifty-eight, 1; 
sixty, 2; sixty-nine, 1; total, 300. 

Statement of Nativity — Alabama, 1; Florida, 1; Illinois, 29; Indiana, 
10; Iowa, 29; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 4; Massachusetts, 7; Maine, 2; Mary- 
land, 1 ; Michigan, 6 ; Minnesota, 2 ; Mississippi, 2 ; Missouri, 7 ; New 
Hampshire, 1; New Jersey, 4; New York, 44; Ohio, 29; Pennsylvania, 18; 
Rhode Island, 1; Tennessee, 1; Vermont, 2; Virginia, 4; Wisconsin, 24; 
West Virginia, 1; Canada, 10; Denmark, 3; England, 10; France, 1; Ger- 
many, 15; Ireland, 12; Norway, 5; Ocean, 1; Poland, 1; Prussia, 5; Scot- 
land, 4; Sweden, 2; total, 300. 

Occupation — Baker, 1; barber, 7 ; blacksmith, 8; bookbinder, 1 ; book- 
keeper, 2 ; bricklayer, 2 ; brushmaker, 1 ; butcher, 9 ; cabinet-maker, 1 ; 
carpenter, 9 ; carriage-trimmer, 1 ; chainmaker, 1 ; cigar-maker, 4 ; civil 
engineer, 1 ; clerk, 4 ; cook, 6 ; cooper, 1 ; druggist, 1 ; engineer, 1 ; farmer, 
61 ; farrier, 1 ; file-cutter, 1 ; fireman, 9 ; galvanizer. 1 ; hack-driver, 1 ; har- 
ness-maker, 3 ; housework, 1 ; laborer, 89 ; rpachinist, 4 ; mason, 2 ; merchant, 
3 ; miller, 1 ; miner, 1 ; molder, 1 ; night-watch, 1 ; none, 2 ; peddler, 2 ; 
photographer, 1 ; physician, 2 ; plasterer, 8 ; porter, 1 ; printer, 3 ; professor 
of languages, 1 ; railroad, 7 ; restaurant-keeper, 1 ; sailor, 3 ; saloon-keeper, 

2 ; shoemaker, 7 ; steamboat, 2 ; stocking-maker, 1 ; stone-cutter, 2 ; tailor, 
2 ; tanner, 1 ; teacher, 1 ; teamster, 5 ; trader, 2 ; watchmaker, 1 ; weaver, 
1 ; wood- carver, 1. 

Place of Crime — Allamakee, 2 ; Benton, 9 ; Black Hawk, 12 ; Boone, 2 
Bremer, 1 ; Buchanan, 5 ; Buena Vista, 1 ; Butler, 9 ; Cedar, 6 ; Cerro Gordo 

7 ; Cherokee, 1 ; Chickasaw, 4 ; Clayton, 20 ; Clinton, 29 ; Delaware, 3 
Dubuque, 15 ; Fayette, 9 ; Floyd, 9 ; Franklin, 4 ; Greene, 3 ; Grundy, 3 
Hamilton, 1 ; Hardin, 5 ; Harrison, 3 ; Howard. 2 : Iowa, 2 ; Ida, 1 ; Jack 
son, 8; Johnson, 3; Jones, 13; Kossuth, 2: Linn, 19; Marshall. 12; 



402 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Mitchell, 10 ; Monona, 1 ; Osceola, 5 ; Palo Alto, 3 ; Plymouth, 1 ; Scott, 24; 
Story, 10 ; Tama, 9 ; Winneshiek, 2 ; Woodbury, 5 ; North Division U. S. 
District of Iowa, 5. 

Crime of Convict — Adultery, 4 ; arson, 7 ; assault with intent to murder, 
9 ; assault with intent to rape, 7 ; assault with intent to rob, 3 ; assisting 
prisoners to escape, 1 ; attempt to extort money, 2 ; bigamy, 3 ; breaking and 
entering, 24 ; breaking and entering bank building, 2 ; breaking and entering 
dwelling-house, 7 ; burglary, 37 ; conspiracy, 3 ; disposing of mortgaged prop- 
erty, 1 ; embezzlement. 1 ; felony, 3 ; forgery, 24 ; grand larceny, 14 ; larceny, 
104; incest, 2; manslaughter, 7; murder first degree, 5; murder second 
degree, 2; obtaining money under false pretence, 1; perjury, 2; rape, 1; 
receiving stolen property, 2 ; robbery, 13 ; seduction, 1 ; stealing from the per- 
son, 2 ; uttering forged notes, 1 ; for safe keeping, 5 ; total, 300. 

STATE FISH-HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 

The fish law of the State of Iowa was passed by the Fifteenth General 
Assembly, and is entitled an " Act to provide for the appointment of a Board 
of Fish Commissioners for the construction of Fishways for the protection and 
propagation of Fish." 

The law has been amended, some portions repealed, and other enactments 
added. Under the provisions of the first enactment, the Governor appointed 
as Commissioners Messrs. S. B. Evans, of Ottumwa ; B. F. Shaw, of x\namosa, 
and Charles A. Haines, of Waterloo. 

The Commissioners met at Des Moines May 10, 1874, and elected S. B. 
Evans, President ; B. F. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, and C. A. 
Haines, Treasurer. They divided the State into three divisions, each to super- 
intend a division, the better to enable them to more thoroughly superintend the 
erection and construction of fishAvays. The Board continued the work intrusted 
to their hands until the law was so changed as to require the appointment of 
but one Commissioner, and B. F. Shaw was appointed State Fish Commis- 
sioner, and continues to act in said capacity. Under a resolution of the Board, 
Mr. Shaw was authorized to build a State Hatching House, and, as far as 
practicable, procure spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of the State 
of Iowa, and hatch and prepare them for distribution, and, as far as practicable, 
assist in putting them into the waters of the State. v 

In the summer of 1874, Mr. Shaw built for the State, two and a half miles 
west of Anamosa, and near the bank of the Wapsipinicon River, a State Hatch- 
ing House. A tract of twenty acres of land was purchased for the State, of 
Col. W. T. Shaw, for ^360. The building erected thereon is 20x40 feet, and 
two stories high. An excavation three and a half feet in depth, the full size of 
the building, was first made, and a good, substantial stone wall put in to this 
depth for a foundation. The building, a substantial frame, is high enough to 
allow an eleven-foot story below, and an eight and a half one above. The 
upper story is finished off, lathed and plastered, neatly and tastily furnished to 
accommodate the keeper's family. All the appointments of the building are 
first-class. The building; is constructed with a direct reference to the attain- 
ment of as even a temperature as possible the year round. The interval 
between the studding is filled with sawdust, from sills to roof, securing warmth 
in winter and coolness in summer. The hatching-room, the lower story, is lined 
throughout with ship-lapped ceiling. Nine rows of zinc-lined hatching-troughs, 
16 feet long, 1 foot wide and 4 inches deep, were firmly fixed on solid benches 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 403 

about one and a half feet from the ground. There are two sections of these 
troughs, the second section being six inches lower than the first, thus giving a 
break in the water flow, and more thoroughly aerating all its parts with needed 
fresh air for the remainder of the spawn and baby fish in the second section of 
the troughs. In these troughs is laid a bed of clean gravel, on which rests 
the fish spawn. This gravel is obtained at the river-bank near by, and the 
very coarse and fine portions sifted out. The medium-sized gravel thus obtained 
is boiled, and every particle of sediment removed, in order that the ova of 
insects and reptiles may not be introduced into the hatching-troughs. 

The above-described hatching apparatus was used for a time, and worked 
admirably; but Mr. Shaw, who is thoroughly posted in the propagation 
of fish, invented an apparatus that proves to be much superior, and the 
capacity of the house increased thereby ten or twelve times, and a portion only 
of the zinc troughs are now used for nurseries for the baby fish. 

Hatching is done from the 1st of November to the middle of March, and 
the distribution takes place when the fish are from six to fifteen weeks old. We 
visited the hatching-house during the month of September, and, consequently, 
no hatching was being done. 

The spring from which the water is supplied is ten feet in diameter, and 
five feet deep. The water bubbles up from the bottom, and the supply in all 
seasons is more than sufficient for the capacity of the hatching-house. 

In addition to the work of hatching and distributing, Mr. Shaw is culti- 
vating a few thousand fish of different varieties for the purpose of practically 
demonstrating how they should be kept and handled by those who wish to suc- 
ceed in fish culture. The water that passes through the hatching-house is 
utilized for the purpose, and two reservoirs and three small ponds are con- 
structed, by means of which the fish of diff"erent ages are separated. The 
water is kept in each of these to the depth of two to three feet. The reservoirs 
are about 6x8 feet, and the ponds 25x30 feet. In the reservoirs, there are 
about seven thousand small fish less than a year old. They are principally 
salmon trout, brook trout, land-locked salmon and California salmon. In the 
ponds, the fish are of the same varieties, only larger and older. The salmon 
trout two years old are from ten to fifteen inches long, and weigh, on an aver- 
age, about one pound. There are about three thousand of these. The 
largest fish is twenty-five and a half inches long, and weighs seven pounds. It 
is four years old. Mr. Shaw had a life-size painting of this fish, in oil, by 
A^anderpool, of Chicago, on exhibition at the late County Fair at Monticello. 
The fish is decidedly a beauty, and the painting a good one. 

The fish are fed nothing but cooked food, and the cooking is all done by 
steam. A cookhouse, 14x16 feet, one story high, has been erected, and a 
steaming apparatus, invented by Mr. Shaw, constructed by Mr. Slocum, the 
keeper, therein. Here the food is cooked and chopped to diff"erent degrees of 
fineness, according to ages of the fish to be fed. The food consists, princi- 
pally, of the liver and lights of the animals slaughtered at the various meat 
markets. 

A good, substantial barn, with wagon-shed attached, for the use of the 
keeper, and also a good bank-cellar and woodhouse, have been constructed, at 
no expense to the State, except that of the materials used. At this season of 
the year, Mr. Slocum, the keeper, devotes his entire time to the clearing and 
improvement of the land belonging to the State. 

Through the action of the Commissioners, there were distributed within the 
State, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, 100,000 shad, 300,000 California 



404 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

salmon, 10,000 bass, 80,000 Penobscot salmon, 5,000 land-locked salmon, 
20,000 other kinds. 

The following is the summary for 1876 and 1877 : 

1876— Native fish distributed 1,574,200 

1876— Salmon and lake trout 533,000 

1876— Shad 100,000 

1876— Whitefish 125,000 

1876— Eels 100,000 

1876 — Penobscot salmon 80,000 

1876 — Land-locued salmon 5,000 

1876— Native fish distributed from car 319,000 

1877— Lake trout distributed 303,-500 

1877— Native fish distributed 50,000 

1877— Brook trout distributed 81.000 

1877— Shad distributed 150,000 

1877 — California salmon distributed 25,000 

1877 — Land-locked salmon distributed 10,000 

1877 — Fish on hand at hatching-house 10,000 

1877 — California salmon at hatching-house 100,000 

1877 — Lake trout eggs on hand at hatching-house 1,750,000 

Total 5,315,700 

The following is the summary of the distributions made during the years 
1878 and 1879, up to the 1st of September, 1879 : 

1878— Native fish in the Mississippi River 2,648,500 

1878 — Native fish in inland waters 641, -500 

1878— Shad in inland waters 1(,0,000 

1878 — Lake trout in inland waters 800,000 

1878 — Salmon in inland waters 281,500 

1879— Salmon in inland waters 210,000 

1879 — Lake trout in inland waters 620,000 

1879 — Land-locked salmon 15,«i00 

1879— lirook trout 85 OtO 

It is expected to hatch this season about the same number of eggs as were 
hatched last season. 

We are glad to state that the books and reports of Mr. Shaw are so kept 
that the condition of the business may be easily known at any time. Mr. Slo- 
cum, under the tutorage of the Superintendent, has acquired a thorough knowl- 
edge of the duties of keeper, and performs his duties with fidelity. 

We have made careful examination of the condition of this State estab- 
lishment, and we are glad to state that we feel confident that the Governor has 
appointed the right man to the right place in the appointment of the Hon. B. 
F. Shaw. State Fish Commissioner. It is more usual than it ought to be that 
such offices arc held for the emoluments alone, but Mr. Shaw is not only com- 
petent, but likewise an enthusiast in the matter of fish culture, and he brings 
to his work an energy and perseverance that is worthy and commendable. We 
state the above as a just testimonial to the ability and the faithful performance 
of incumbent duties by a public official. 

In the year 1877, Mr. Shaw invented a plan for a fish-way in streams 
where dams are necessary to utilize water privileges, which is decidedly unique 
and promises to be largely adopted by Fish Commissioners, and extensively 
used throughout the country. Several of them are now in use in this State. 
At a meeting of the Fish Commissioners of the State of Michigan, in the same 
year in which the plan was invented, for the purpose of securing the most 
approved and practical fish-way, for use in the streams of that State, Mr. 
Shaw's plan was exhibited among the many others from different States, as 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



405 



well as a number from England and the continent, and was unanimously 
adopted as the one most practical. 

The Fish Commissioners of the State of Minnesota have also adopted the 
Shaw plan for fish-ways in the streams of that State. A thousand or more of 
lithographic representations of the plan have been printed for free distribu- 
tion, that the plan may be known, without cost, to those wishing to use fish ways. 

On this, as well as on numerous of other inventions in connection with fish- 
hatching and fish-culture, Mr. Shaw has asked for no letters patent. As has 
been said, he is an enthusiast in the matter of fish-culture, and the results of 
his experience he freely gives, that others may be benefited thereby. 



METEOROLOGICAL. 

We extract the following review of the meteorology of Monticello, Iowa, 
for the years 1854-79, prepared by M. M. Moulton, of the Volunteer Signal 
Service of the U. S. A. Latitude, 42.13 ; longitude, 91.15 ; elevation (above 
the sea), 800 feet ; magnetic variations, 8.5 degrees east. 

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 

The first air thermometer was invented by Sanctorio, of Padua, in 1590. 
Improvements and modifications subsequently followed. Tubes terminating in 
bulbs, and charged with alcohol, were constructed by an Italian in 1655. 
Romer afterward employed mercury in lieu of alcohol. In 1714, Fahrenheit, 
a native of Dantzic, introduced a graduated scale, fixing the zero point at the 
greatest cold known to have occurred in Ireland ; and since the freezing point 
of water is 32 degrees and the boiling point 212 degrees (at a mean atmos- 
pheric pressure), he graduated the thermometric scale between these two impor- 
tant points into 180 equal parts. The popular companions to Fahrenheit's 
thermometer are the Centigrade, employed in France, and the Reaumur, 
employed in Germany and Russia. The annexed thermometric record com- 
prises a comprehensive view of the principal thermal changes, to which is 
afiixed an annual comparative record : 

OBSERVATIONS TAKEN DAILY AT 7 o' CLOCK A. M., AND 2 AND 9 o'CLOCK, P. M 



1876. 



January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Annual, 187G 

Annual, 1875 

Annual, 1874 

For twenty years 

*A dash (-) signifiea below zero. 



55 
53 
53 
73 
90 
90 
95 
93 
79 
72 
64 
40 
95 
92 
96 
102 



21 
37 
52 
62 
55 
40 
28 

-18 
-18 
-8 
-21 
-36 



Mean. 



25.7 
25.9 
28.4 
48.8 
60.9 
69.4 
76.4 
71.3 
61.3 
45.9 
31.7 
11.8 
46.4 
4r!.4 
46.8 
45.7 





Tern, of 




weU water 


63 


42 


58 


45 


46 


46 


52 


46 


53 


50 


38 


50 


33 


51 


38 


52 


39 


54 


44 


49 


61 


50 


58 


48 


113 


48.5 


100 


46.4 


117 


45.2 


138 


47.3 



406 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

While the past year has had several warm days and even months, the mean 
temperature, as a whole, has fallen below the normal. The temperature reached 
as high as 95 degrees above on July 8 — three degrees warmer than last year — 
and fell as low as 18 degrees below zero on December 9 — eleven degrees below 
last year — making a mean temperature for the year of 46.4 degrees, and 2.4 
degrees below the normal. The Maquoketa River was open opposite town on 
February 13, after being frozen over for the space of twenty-five days, and was 
closed again December 2, after being open for 292 days. The last hoar-frost 
occurred June 21, and tlje first for the season was September 27, making 97 
days without frost against 116 last year. 

FIRST FROSTS AND NUMBER OF DAYS WITHOUT FROST. 

YEAR. FIRST FROST. 

1870 October 13, 

1871 September 21, 

1872 September 27, 

1873 September 8, 

1874 September 30, 

1875 September 11, 

1876 September 27, 

The following table shows the amount of rain and melted snow in inches, 
and the number of rainy days during the year ; also the amount of snow in 
inches, and the number of days on which snow fell in sufficient quantity to be 
measured. The first snow of the year was landed November 6, against Octo- 
ber 26 in 1875, or eleven days later than last year: 



NO. OF DAYS 


VITHOUT FROST. 


166 


days 


133 


do 


147 


do 


117 


do 


134 


do 


IIH 


do 


97 


do 



1876. 1 

1 


Precipitation. 


1 Rainy days. 


Inches snow. 


i Days 
snow. 


January 

February 

March 

April 


2.29 

1.88 

4.09 

2.83 

4.75 

7.00 

10.45 

5.74 

. 8.62 

1.24 

2.64 

.77 

52.30 

29.57 

35.16 


' 3 

2 

3 

6 

9 
13 

8 
11 
11 

4 

2 

72 

61 

67 1 


2.00 ' 
.32 
19.50 
1.00 


1 
2 
6 
1 


May 

June 








July 






Auo'ust 














October 








November 

December 


7.25 

8.08 

38.15 

44.72 

1 38 64 


6 

7 


1876 

1875 

For twenty years ! 


23 
32 

28 



The total amount of rain for the year amounts to 52.30 inches, against 
29.57 inches last year, and 17.14 inches above the normal; it being the most 
precipitation received for any one year since 1852, Avhen we were treated to 
59.49 inches. The snow amounts to 38.15, a trifle below the normal, and the 
largest share of it came last March. It rained on 72 days, mostly in the sum- 
mer months, against 61 days last year, and snowed on 23 days, against 32 days 
last year. With that number of snowy days, we have not had enough at any 
one time during the year for good sleighing. 

FIRST SNOW. 

1870 December 11, .75 inches. 1873 October 29, 1.40 inches. 

1871 October 31,1.05 do 1874 November 19, .54 do 

1872 November 14, 6.62 do , 1875 October 26, .16 do 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



407 



The following table exhibits the mean direction of the wind. The figures 
denote the number of times, each month, the wind prevailed in each of the eight 
cardinal points, together with the annual results compared with the three pre- 
ceding years : 

DAYS DIFFERENT WINDS PREVAILING FROM. 



N. E. 



January 2 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July I 

August 

September 2 

October 

November 

December 

Annual, 1876 5 

Annual, 1875 40 

Annual, 1874 37 

Annual, 1873 48 





1 

3 

2 

2 



1 



5 

1 

3 

3 

21 

15 

12 

16 



B. 






1 











1 

23 
30 
36 



3 

7 

9 

9 

4 

3 

6 

6 

8 

6 

3 

2 

66 

82 

93 



2 

1 








2 
5 
32 
43 
41 



S. W. 



7 
4 


n 

17 
15 
15 
14 

8 
12 
10 

6 

114 

38 

36 

33 



W. 



3 

4 






1 




1 



9 

44 

43 

37 



N. W. 



12 

13 

16 

11 

7 

11 

2 

4 

6 

10 

13 

17 

122 

85 

67 

78 



Calm. 



2 

1 
2 
1 
1 
6 
6 
1 
2 

1 

23 
6 
4 

13 



I 



The prevailing winds are from the Northwest, coming from that direction 
for 122 days out of the 366 days of the year, just one- third of the whole year. 
In point of strength and character, they are notorious, surpassing the south 
and southwest winds in force and velocity, frequently attaining a velocity of 
25 to 30 miles an hour. It thundered and lightened on 55 days, was foggy on 
28 days, and hazy on 12 days during the year. 

FLOODS AND STORMS. 



YEAR. DATE. WATER. 

1851 June 7 3.75 

1858 August 1 4.50 

1863 June 30 (hail storm) 1.00 

1865 June 28-29 3.81 



1876 July 4-5 3.50 

1878 October 8 (tornado) .15 

1879 July 9 5.60 

1879 August 28 3.00 



The first flood was June 7, 1851. After raining several hours, the water 
rose in the Maquoketa, overflowed its banks, and the low, flat lands on both 
sides of the river were inundated. Mr. Joseph Clark was, at that time, living 
in a log house on the bank of Kitty Creek, just north of Lot No. 41 of the 
original plat, and southeast of the house now occupied by Mr. August Grass- 
meyer, on the road to Dubuque. The water came into Mr. Clark's house and 
put the fire out in the fire-place, and floated the partly consumed wood around 
the room, and the family had to seek other quarters for safety. At this date, 
the Western Stage Company were running a daily line of mail-stages from 
Dubuque to Iowa City, and all passengers and the mails had to be transferred 
across the water in a roAvboat. The town lot where Mr. W. H. Proctor's brick 
and stone store now is was all covered with several feet of water, and the flood 
at one time touched Main street in front of the Monticello House. The water 
that fell in the rain-gauge at this storm measured 3.75 inches. 

The second flood occurred August 1, 1858. The water at this time was full 
as high as that of the one before mentioned. The west end of the then wooden 
bridge over the Maquoketa River gave way and dropped on the bank, and the 



408 IIISTOUY OF JONES COUNTV. 

planks of all three of the spans were floated down stream on their way to the 
Mississippi. The mail and passengers had to be transferred as heretofore, and 
were taken in at the foot of Main street, near Mr. Doxsee's residence, and 
landed at the foot of the sand-hill in East Monticello. Frequently, the through 
mail-bags and paper sacks were enough to fill one boat load. There were six 
families living at East Monticello at this date, viz., Dewey, McDonald, Moul- 
ton, N. P. Starks, Houser and Eldridge, and they had to depend upon the 
ferry-boat for their mail and groceries for several days. A number of emigrant 
teams were water-bound, and had to board with the families, for a few days, on 
the east side. Total amount of water-fall, 4.50. 

The third was June 28 and 29, 18G5. At this storm, 3.80 inches of water 
fell in the two days, and the water in the river came into the third story of the 
East Monticello Flouring Mills. The wooden bridge on the Military road 
was only saved by anchoring it to the large cotton wood-trees above on the 
banks of the stream with ropes and chains. The planks of the second 
bridge did not escape the flood, but were swept down-stream by the water. 
The water was high enough to have run into the public cistern on Main street 
if the reservoir had been built there at that date. Monticello celebrated the 
4th of July this year, and the committee had selected the bottom land on Kitty 
Creek, near the river, for the speaker's stand ; but it was changed on account 
of the water to the vacant lots on the north side of town, Avhere Mrs. Dr. 
Langwerthy now lives. The orator of the day, Mr. 0. P. Shires, of Dubuque, 
was obliged, on account of the wash-out in the railroad, to come and return 
with a livery team. The approaches to the railway bridge north of town were 
washed away and damaged so that trains could not pass the bridge for several 
days. 

The fourth was July 4 and 5, 1876. The rain commenced to fall at 9 
o'clock P. M., and continued to rain for seven hours, although a large share ot 
three and one half inches of w^ater-fall was landed in about three hours. The 
water only came up to the junction of First and East Locust streets, near 
Peterson's residence, but it came with such violence as to wash away the 
approaches to the railroad bridge over Kitty Creek, just above the falls, and 
taking out the wagon and foot bridge between the two falls, root and branch, 
flooding all the stockyards, drowning several head of hogs for Mayor Wales i.nd 
William Peterson. Both iron bridges over the Maquoketa stood their ground, 
although they were surrounded by an ocean of water, and were not reached for 
several days. The wooden bridge at the foot of First street, over the creek 
near Skelley's, was securely anchored to the heavy stone abutments, and stood 
the test admirably, although it was several feet under water for hours. The 
water had been as high in the creek and river during the past twenty years 
some six or eight times, but not as destructive to roads and bridges as at this 
overflow. All four of these rain-storms were accompanied by the most terrific 
thunder and lightning, and more or less wind, and everything trembled before 
the onward march of the storm. 

The fifth flood Avas July 9, 1879. The rain began to fall a few minutes 
before midnight, previous to the morning of the 9th. A huge bank of clouds, 
accompanied with thunder and lightning, was piled up in the northwest, and 
the wind blowing a gentle breeze from the southwest for hours previous to the 
commencement of the rain; in fact, the whole of the previous day had shown 
unmistakable signs of the coming storm ; and Avhen the wind fiercely veered 
around to the northwest, the storm had fiiirly commenced — one huge storm- 
cloud passing over, only to be closely followed by another, fully charged with 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 409 

electricity and saturated with rain ; and when it ceased raining at 10 A. M.» 
fully 5.60 inches had been caught in the rain-gauge, making 1.10 inches more 
than have ever been measured before at one storm during the past thirty years. 
The water in the Maquoketa River and Kitty Creek overflowed the banks, and 
reached the highest water mark about noon of the same day. The water cov- 
ered the lower creek bridge, both slaughter-houses and stockyards, and stood 
in the street opposite Mr. Peterson's stable. The water in the river came 
nearly up to Mr. Grassmeyer's lot at the foot of Main street, and was a little 
higher than the flood of 1876, but the water in the creek fell short of the mark 
for the same storm. But little damage was done to the roads and bridges in 
the township. The railroads were only slightly damaged, and were all in run- 
ning order on the following day. No damage was done in town, beyond the fill- 
ing of several cellars Avith water, and washing away the stockyards fences. 

A hail-storm took place in 1863. The flood of hail on the afternoon of 
July 30 will be long remembered by the citizens of Monticello. For a 
week previous, the weather had been extremely warm and sultry, and the 
whole day had shown unmistakable indications of rain. About 4 o'clock P. M., 
a shower of rain struck the town, with a heavy wind from the west, and was 
followed in a few moments by a battering shower of hail. After destroying 
all the glass on the west side of the buildings, the wind veered around to the 
east, destroying also all glass in the north and east sides of most of the build- 
ings in Monticello. The marks of the falling hail on the fencee, buildings and 
trees were plainly visible for several years afterward. When the storm passed 
over town, it was about two miles wide, and extended from East Monticello to 
Stony Creek, near the south line of the township, and all crops and shrubbery 
embraced within its limits were battered off" close to the ground. Upward of 
five hundred lights of glass were smashed, and most of the families had to wait 
until Mr. Hickok sent to Dubuque for a new stock of glass. The writer lost 
100 lights of glass from his dwelling-house, and there was not an inch square of 
dry floor in the building. The family had to seek shelter and safety for the 
time being in the cellar. 

A thunder-storm occurred August 28, 1879. It was the most terrific storm 
of the kind experienced at Monticello during the last decade. It commenced 
a few minutes before midnight, and lasted for five hours, and during- the whole 
of this time there was an incessant roar of the heaviest of thunder, one peal fol- 
lowing another in such rapid succession that there was one continual crash of 
thunder, and the lightning was one continual flash of electric light. The whole 
town was illuminated brighter than the noonday sun. At the close of the 
storm three inches of water was measured in the rain-gauge. With one excep- 
tion, this is the greatest rain-fall known in years. No very serious damage 
was done, neither by the electricity nor the water, in Monticello. A large 
shade-tree in front of H. II. Monroe's residence on North Cedar street was 
struck by the lightning ; also Frank Whittemore's dwelling near by, and sev- 
eral telegraph poles in the south part of town and a dozen north of town. The 
telegraph office, in the Union Depot, was more or less damaged. Mr. Dicker- 
son's house, two miles east of town, was struck and slightly damaged. The steeple 
of the Springer Memorial Church, Mr. Dirk's barn and C. E. Marvin's Cres- 
cent Creamery were struck and slightly damaged. Mr. Curtis Stone lost a 
stack of hay, ju?t east of town. Mr. T. H. Bowen lost a large "barn and con- 
tents, at Sand Springs, and a cow belonging to Mr. Lawrence, of Wayne Town- 
ship, four miles south of Monticello, was killed. The water burst Mr. Suhr's 
cistern in his new block on First street, and flooded his cellar. The water washed 



410 



HISTORY OF .TONES COUNTY. 



out the newly packed-in dirt from the water- works trenches, filled up all the cis- 
terns and not a few wells in town. 



MONTHLY AND ANNUAL QUANTITY OF RAIN AND SNOW REDUCED TO WATER IN 

INCHES. 



TEARS. 


cS 

a 
a 

.50 
2.71 

.91 
1.16 
1.37 
1.31 
l.'iS 
1.16 
1.25 
2.85 
2.48 

.29 
3.77 
1.25 

.30 
1 71 

1 35 
2.70 

.90 

2 50 
3.27 
1.61 
2.29 
2.10 

.48 
.51 


a 

s 

1 


March. 


a. 
< 


& 
S 


1 




3 

bo 

s 

■< 


§ 

o. 


October. 


. 

•a 

a 
1 


u 
.a 
1 


1 


1854 


1.90 
1.87 
3.97 
4.22 
2.32 
1.29 
1.16 
2.74 
1.65 
2.37 
1.56 
2.28 
1.02 
3.46 

.55 
1.13 
1.31 
3.65 

.92 
2.52 
2.50 
1.58 
1.88 

.32 
1.35 
1.21 


1.35 
2.92 

.77 
1.40 
2.31 
4.96 
1.23 
2.65 
4.71 
1.97 
2.18 
3.50 
1.32 
1.35 
4.02 

• 07 
3-00 
4.11 
2-62 
2-68 
1.76 

.70 
4.03 
6.54 
2.94 
1.71 


1.84 
3.60 
2.86 
3.79 
2.16 
2.71 
2.08 
4.16 
5.78 
.63 
1.14 
5.44 
2.67 
1.25 
2.78 
1.90 
1.05 
1.66 
2.63 
2.97 
1.78 
2.72 
2.83 
3.40 
2.79 
1.08 


5.81 
3.15 
4.15 

2 18 
7.97 
6.62 
2.11 
2.15 
4.15 
3.27 
2.42 

.84 
3.16 
4.67 
4.59 
5.55 
4.11 
1.29 

3 47 
4.07 

.76 
3.08 
4.75 
3.70 
5.96 
3.49 


.87 
4.59 
2.76 

.74 
6.63 
4.92 
4.21 
1.25 
6.26 
1.18 
2.57 
9.02 
4.00 
6.32 
3.75 
6.05 
1.60 
3.18 
4.79 
4.45 
3.16 
4.32 
7.00 
8.74 
5.02 
5.30 


2.07 
3.42 
2.97 
3.97 
7.16 
3.10 
4.72 
1.85 
4.35 
1.15 
3.29 
4.35 
5.63 
4.30 
2.90 
8.31 
5.25 
1.24 
3.63 
1.76 
.60 
5.34 
10.45 
2.23 
2.16 
8.66 


3.10 
4.75 
1.17 
4.82 
4.18 
1.66 
2.98 
3.95 
6.98 
3.98 
2.37 
2.78 
8.20 
8.37 
1.70 
6.41 
3.65 
2.81 
7.05 
1.32 
1.81 
2.37 
5.74 
6.75 
3.07 
6.94 


1.42 
2.15 
2.67 
1.07 
6.21 
1.73 
3.14 
6.79 
6.85 
2.10 
1.17 
5.62 
3.73 
2.18 
6.72 
2.75 
3.95 

"4.12 
.81 
6.26 
2.95 
8.62 
1.47 
6.30 
3.63 


3.75 
3.91 
4.97 
1.18 
5.07 
1.07 
1.25 
5.77 
3.08 
5.35 
2.55 
2.80 
3.21 
1.15 

.65 
1.35 
1.55 
3.11 

.43 
3.03 
1-18 
1.31 
1.24 
6.21 
3.82 

.S3 


.83 
3.21 
4.21 
2.84 
4.42 
1.47 
2.83 
2.25 
3.72 
5.12 
2.57 

.12 
1.45 

.90 
2.05 
2.65 
1.61 
4.05 
1.38 
2.78 
3.45 

.63 
2.64 
3.84 

.66 
5.29 


.72 
3.79 
6.99 
2.65 
2.27 
1.47 
5.96 
2.36 
1.27 
6.05 
1.83 
1.00 
2.15 

.65 
1-58 
2.25 
1.54 
3-32 

•93 
2-83 
3-22 
2-95 

.77 
2.67 
1.14 


24.16 


1855 


40.07 


1856 

1857 


38.40 
30.02 


1858 


52.07 


1859 


32. 3! • 


I860 


32.90 


1861 


37.08 


1862 


50.05 


1863 


36.02 


1864 


25.83 


1865 


38.04 


1866 


40.31 


1867 


30.85 


1868 


30.78 


1869 


40.13 


1870 


29.97 


1871 


31.12 


1872 


32.87 


1873 


31.72 


1874 


29.75 


1875 


29.56 


1876 


52.30 


1877 


47.97 


1878 


35.69 


1879 





The following table shows the monthly value of rain and melted snow 
reduced to water in inches and hundredths, number of days with thunder and 
lightning, foggy and hazy, for the year 1879 : 











m 


?>•§ 


^ 


« 










>> 




>. 


>> 






















« 







4; tb 


p 





1879. 




•s 




. 







■3 














t. >» 








» a 




» S 


=- ^2 










.o.S 




■^ 


^^^ 


J M 








l« 





3| 
30Q 


^•s5 


§S 


§« 




« 


!?; 


m 


a 


;z5 


iZ! 


^ 


•January 


.51 





4.40 


3 








8 


February 


1.21 


2 


6.50 


5 





1 


3 


March 


1.71 


6 


6.25 


3 


3 


2 


8 


April 


1.08 


4 








2 





/ 


Mar 


3.49 
5.30 
8.66 


8 
6 
5 












11 

8 

7 


1 


1 


6 


ilune 


1 


July 





August 


6.94 


10 








9 





5 


September 


3.68 


6 








5 








October 


.93 


3 








1 





16 


November 


5.29 


7 


1.00 


1 


4 


3 


10 


December 
















Annual j 

















^^^x. 



^^'Zy-^z-^^^c^ 



HISTOKV OF .lONES COUX I'Y. 



413 



00 x 00 fx 00 00 X cc X' 'X X : 



J a. oc X -r X X X : 






; -4 X 00 X c 



00 O O O 00 'X O : 



-ICJ-it-^CCOS — ^In^CC 

:_Ci cc ►f-j^c: X ~4 X -^cocn 

II' "< 1 I "i I j 
. ^ I— ' ic LC ic ro tc CO to 

) X CC X "^ X O O tC' tC LO ►f" 



g^ I iMaximum. 

oc H-* I Minimum. 



'?^r?rF!^r*'^r?:^-.^:^pp?pr'^^^ I Mean. 

; I— I to »;i» ic X cc — ' X cc H-i -J rfi. c: to en —' tc Ci I 





Maximum. 


1 


c -J w oi K — -S S ic c a: = 5 fe ;^ v; y: -"i c it r; uc i J K ^ 


Minimum. 


Ui 05 M K) K) -■ IC tc IC li tc IC -■ li — — l-O li IC CO tC ' K. 

to *■ to o> -J b5 _o _-• _;.c _-■' *- iC _cc u r. *- *- -^ »- ^ 1-- c; CO oc w 00 
o 00 li bi io 4^ I-i b ii i.-" oc ^ '— to ^ b- in cj> 


Mean. 


-J -3 c;i In ^4 OS oi wT — c-i r; -4 4^ oi c: c;! oi oi ci -J c; -J c: C7I wi ci 


Maximum. 




o< -J to -J o tc *- C5 C-. cc c: c 1^0 = oc i>i lo -J -J c c =: c: lo o o 


Minimum. 


CO rf:* lO !:« to Cw lo ic ;^ lo to *^ to K. to IO o; cc cc ►*. *. iO CC lO OD ^ 


Mean. 


boo-.rf^-i;=-4tO-t;tO:=0-4-'10lO ^ 






' i^ CO 

I ;^ rf^ CO 



Maximum. 



cc « i; X iTI ; 
to to t^ 00 to 



' '-; 'i |r [r ^ ty '-' >•» '- K~ '.- — — |i. r* K -■ "^ Minimum. 



Mean. 



ootoc: = d;i*-c!-iio5o:ooooi--c^-,j:ocificoo-j5i5tc 


Maximum. 




cotocow^ii.coccc:>ccc;irf^*^wcocotococoo:tocoo:tooiwo- 
-4-Jio-4io>t^to^tooai~io>iocooc3i35i--*»aooi*'cno*- 


Minimum. 


ocno^ociCi;jTC;ia:c:*T — cncnoioicnooTOioscicjidc^TOs 
tomocDcj-ioccocij^-acoh-iomc-j-jto-atorf^iooowo 


Mean. 


-J OJ r^ !S :;> w *. to --S CO -^ to *. ;o -.i oc CMO ^ — to oi 


cDODCo-j?a^^2:^coooocco-occox ccoc--coocccc;i::ooo 
OCiCnoOifi^rf^QOtf-to-J-J-^-JC --r5j:c:0-JC:io.^loc^05 


Maximum. 


3 


OO'--t0l0 03^XCi;nCCCCrf^C04^.C^C0-4C;»f^0i;C»-'C^K- 


Minimum. 


C. O C: C2 CV - -J 33 J. -1 35 r; -4 c:: C-. O C5 C: - C-. 3; C= =: -J 33 -] 
00-4C>:Cin-JO;3:-JlO^:O'— ;C;SOO»*^OTOCOZ:CCOCrfi.GOO 
!0 '*. if- en ':r U "-4 '35 '4^ LO 35 00 '-J t-" tO C-T Cn 


Mean. 


cd<:ocoo:d:30:d:30co:c^^^o:5j^o:3000:oooo 
to -J 0: 01 10 c: 33 w *- -• 00 3: to >f- M OI 10 .— — c 10 ^ CO ;i> 


Maximum. 


«H 


o>c:»c;iC5 0iotc;iO'-^oicnoo>C5Cno'rf^on.:ihFkU^O'»f».rf-oj^ 


Minimum. 




_ojr'S^rSli'^5^x;t':^xl:'^'5'ix'x:':^\J^-5^K:^^x I Mini mum, 

*' ' ' " ' "^ ' "^ '' .-' .^" ^ /- .^ ? P F I Mean. 



!£><3)>f>'>^X»^C0t-0: 



- :^ 35 er. w Ci X o c 



o 

!^ 

I— I 
O 

tr' 

O 

O 
pi 
o 

tr^ 
O 
Q 
k! 

=-i 
O 
!z! 

w 
o 

O 



o 



414 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



Time of opening, closing, and number of days 
closed of the Maquoketa River. 



YEAB8. 



Closed. Open. Years. Q.gg^ 



1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
18.53. 
1854. 
1855. 
1856. 
1857. 
1858. 
1851). 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865., 
1866. 
1867., 
1868.. 
1860., 
187('.. 
1871 . 
1872.. 
1873.. 
1874.. 
1875.. 
1876.. 
tl877 
1878.. 
1879.. 



Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Dec. 



5 Mar. 12] 
25 April 1 
13Feb. 12 
27!Mar. 18 
10 Mar. 8 

Mar. a 
Mar. 10 
April 1 

6 Mar. 13 
6 Mar. 15 
8, Mar. 19 

12Mar. 3 
ISlFeb. 18 

IJMar. 3 
lllFeb. 151 
81 Feb. 25 
.30 Feb. 10 

6 {Feb 
lOlMar 
24 1 Feb 
14Feb 
17 Feb, 

2Feb, 

eljan. 13 
20; Mar. 7 



1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 



97 

98 
61 

107 
87 
85 
87 

118 
97 
99 

100 
80 
61 
92 
65 
56 
41 
84 
81 
62 
65 

*25 

61 

7 

76 



Earliest and Latest Frost of the season, and 
days without Frost. 



Tears. 



Date of 
Last Frost 



Date of 
First Frost 



No. of Daj'8 
I Without 
' Frost. 



1850 .June 

1851 May 

1852 June 

1853 April 

18.54 May 

1855 June 

1856 May 

1857 May 

1858 May 

1859 June 

1860 May 

1861 May 

1862 June 

1863 Tune 

1864 June 

1865 May 

1866 May 

1867 May 

1868 May 

1869 June 

1870 April 

1871 May 

1872 May 

1873 May 

1874 May 

1875 jMay 

1876 June 

1877 June 

1878 June 

1879 !May 



11 Sept. 

7 Sept. 

5 Sept. 

20 Sept. 
22 Sept. 

18 Sept. 
30 Sept. 

21 Sept. 
21 Aug. 

4 Sept. 

15 Sept. 

16 Sept. 

19 Sept. 

8 Aug. 
13 Sept. 
11 Sept. 

17 Sept. 

20 Sept. 

21 Sept. 

6 Sept. 
29 Oct. 
10 Sept. 

2 Sept. 

18 Sept. 
18 Sept. 
17 Sept. 
21 Sept. 
10 Sept. 
10 Sept. 

6 I Sept. 



29 
16 
16 
10 
20 
27 
20 
23 
28 
2 

12 
28 
25 
25 
19 
30 
21 
10 
13 
26 
13 
21 
27 

8 
30 
11 
27 
18 
11 

9 



109 

131 

102 

142 

120 

105 

112 

124 

99 

89 

119 

134 

97 

77 

97 

141 

126 

106 

114 

111 

166 

133 

147 

117 

184 

116 

97 

99 

92 

125 



MONTHLY AND ANNUAL QUANTITIES OF SNOW IN INCHES. 




*01osed December 17 ; open again December 20 ; closed January 10 ; open again January 17 ; closed again Janu- 
ary 29 ; open again February 13. 

tThi> river did not freezp over the fall of 1877. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



415 



The science of Meteorology, as used for observation, and the description 
and explanation of the phenomena peculiar to the atmosphei'e of our earth 
generally, d-ites back twenty-five or thirty years. The Smithsonian Institution 
at Washington commenced the collection of data, from volunteer observers, as 
early as 1849. During the past five years the War Department of the United 
States Government have taken the matter in hand, and are making rapid pro- 
gress toward foretelling the rise, progress and course of our American storms. 

The following table shows the monthly maximum, minimum and mean 
temperature, range and temperature of well-water, for the year 1877, to which 
is added the annual for the past three years : 



.January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

.Tune 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Annual, 1877 

Annual, 1876 

Annual. 1875 

Annual, 1874 

For twenty years. 



Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


Range. 


Temp, of 
we)l-waier. 


45 


-20* 


13 


33 


43 


60 


13 


32.8 


47 


48 


59 


-2 


27.1 


61 


47 


74 


20 


43.4 


54 


48 


86 


32 


59.1 


54 


48 


85 


41 


60 


44 


48 


93 


55 


73.6 


38 


50 


89 


48 


70.1 


41 


49 


87 


42 


65.1 


45 


49 


82 


24 


49.7 


58 


49 


bl 


5 


32.8 


56 


48- 


64 


17 


39.5 


47 


48 


93 


-20 


47.6 


113 


47.9 


95 


-18 


46.4 


113 


48.5 


92 


-8 


43.4 


100 


46.4 


96 


-21 


46.8 


117 


45.2 


102 


-36 


45.7 


138 


47.3 



The temperature, as a whole, has been a trifle above normal. It reached 
as high as 93 degrees above on the 7th of July, against 95 in 1870, and fell as 
low as 20 degrees below zero on January 23, against 18 degrees below last 
year, making a mean temperature for the year of 47.6 degrees, .3 degrees- 
above the normal. The Maquoketa River did not freeze over opposite town, 
(luring the fall for the first time in twenty-five years. The river opened Feb- 
ruary 1st, and has remained open for the last eleven months of the year. 
The last hoar-frost occurred June 10, and the first in the fall on September 18^ 
making 90 days without frost, against 97 days in 1870. 

The following table shows the mean direction of the wind. The figures show 
the number of times each month the wind prevailed in each of the eight car- 
dinal points for the year 1878 : 



.January 3 

February 5 

.March 2 

April 5 

May 

.June 4 

July 4 

August 

September 1 

October 2 

November i 4 

December I 2 

Annual | 32 



3 
7 
3 
3 
4 
5 
9 
4 
2 

1 
1 
42 



1 
3 

4 
2 
4 
5 




1 
20 



S. E. 


s. 


S. W. 


4 


4 


5 


4 


4 


3 


7 


5 


5 


5 


2 


2 


4 


2 


4 


2 


2 


3 


3 





6 


3 


1 


4 


7 


5 


6 


5 


8 


3 


6 


5 


4 


6 


3 


2 


56 


41 


47 



2 

2 
1 
3 
2 
2 
4 
3 
3 
1 
2 
25 



12 

T 


10 

6 
10 

9 
14 
94 



Calm. 



*A dash (-) signifies below zero. 



416 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY 



The following table shows the monthly value of rain and melted snow 
reduced to water in inches for the year 1877, and the annual value for the past 
two years: 



Rain in 
iuches. 



No. rainj 
days. 



January 

FeVjruary 

March..'. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

1877 

1876 

1875 

For twenty years. 



10 
32 
54 
40 
70 
,74 
23 
,75 
,47 
,21 
,84 
,67 
.97 
,30 
,57 
.16 



11 

6 

5 

3 

13 

5 

6 

67 

72 

61 

67 



Snow in 
inches. 



No.dftj's 
of snow 



17.25 

.50 

26.60 

2. On 



11.62 
.25 
58.22 
38.15 
44.72 
38.64 



t) 
1 
22 
23 
32 
28 



The total amount of rain-fall and melted snow reduced to water, measures 
47.97 inches, against 52.30 inches, and was 12.81 inches above the normal — 
the most precipitation received in any one year for the past twenty-five years, 
except the years 1858, 1862 and 1876. 

The first snow Avas landed on All Saints' Day, November 1, five days 
earlier than last year, making 185 days between the last and first snow-storms 
of the season. The snow for the year amounted to 58.22 inches, the largest 
share of it was landed in January and March, All the sleighing for the year 
was enjoyed in those months. It rained on sixty-seven days against seventy- 
two days in 1876, and snowed on twenty-two days, against twenty-three days 
in 1876. 

The following table shows the mean direction of the wind. The figures 
show the number of times each month the wind prevailed in each of the eight 
cardinal points, together with the annual result for the past four preceding 
years : 



January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Annual, 1877. 
Annual, 1876. 
Annual, 1875. 
Annual, 1874. 
Annual, 1873. 



15 
5 
40 
37 
43 



N. E. 


E. 


2 


1 


4 




6 




9 


1 


5 




5 


1 


1 




6 




3 




6 




3 


1 


4 


1 


54 


5 


21 


1 


15 


23 


12 


30 


16 


36 



13 

9 



4 

82 
66 
82 
93 
68 



1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

7 

1 

4 

7 

29 

5 

32 

43 

41 



S. W. 



6 
3 
3 

12 

9 

10 

7 

6 

(» 

1 

6 

80 

114 

38 

36 

33 



w. 


N. W. 


4 


8 


1 


8 




14 




2 , 




3 ' 


1 


6 


2 


6 


1 


(■) 


1 


1 


2 


(i 


2 


11 


1 


6 


15 


77 


9 


122 


44 


85 


43 


67 


27 


78 



Calm 



8 

23 

6 

4 

13 



FUSTORY OF .JONES COUNTY 



417 



Southeast lias been the prevailing wind — it coining from that direction for 
eighty-two days during the year. It has thundered or lightened on sixty-three 
days, against fifty-five days in 1876. It was foggy on sixty-three days 
against twenty-eight days in 187H, and was hazy on eighteen days, against 
twelve days in 1876. 

The following table shows the mean degrees of temperature for each year 
since 185-t. The month of December, 1853, is added to January and Feb- 
ruary, 1854, to make the mean temperature for the winter of 1854. 



Year. 


Winter 

Months. 


Spring 
Monttis. 


Summer 
Months. 


Fall 
Months. 


Year. 


Winter 
Months. 


Spring 
Months. 


Summer 
Months. 


Fall 
Months. 


1854 


24 

33.6 

16 

16 5 

30.9 

16.3 

13.3 

15.7 

15.1 

22.3 

15.5 

19.1 

15.8 


51.3 

46 6 

45.3 

41. 3« 

50.0 

51. 9t 

48.8 

46.4+ 

46.4+ 

46.2 

46.8 

44.8 

48.7 


73 

70.3 

78 

70.3 

69.6 

66.8 

67.2 

70.9 

69.8 

63.8* 

71.8 

68.3 

69.9 


54.6t 

47.6 

46 

48.6 

48 

48 

51.4 

48.7 

49.3 

89.9* 

44.1 

54.2 

47.711 


1867 


23.3 

18.4 

20.6 

21.7 

22.6 

17.5 

14 

21.8 

10.8* 

27.5 

19.2f 

3:^.4 

18.7 


41.4 
49.2 
44.1 
50.1 
51.0 
44.2 
44.8 
44.4 
45.9 
46.0 
43.2 
51.8 
50.9 


71.8 

72.6 

70.2+ 

73.6t 

70.1 

69.9 

73. 6t 

71.3 

67.9 

72 

66.9 

71.8 

72.5 


50./7 


1855 


1868 


45.7 


1856 ., 


1869 


44.5 


1857 


1870 


52.5 


1858 


1871 

1872 


48.1 


1859 


45.4 


1860 


1873 


42.2 


1861 


1874 


49 9 


1862 


1875 


46 


1863 


1876 


46.3 


1864 


1877 


52.5 


1865 


1878 


49.9 


1866 


1879 


51.1 







Below we give the amount of snow and rain, including melted snow, and 
the number of rainy and snowy days during the winter 1876-77. The first 
snow was landed November 6, 1876, and the last was recorded April 29, 1877, 
making 174 days between the first and the last snow-storms : 



Rainy 
Days. 



Snowy 
Days. 



November. 
December, 
.fauuary... 
February.. 

Vlarcli 

April 



1876 
1876 

1877 
1877 
1877 
1877 



Total. 



1875-6 
1874-5 



2 64 

.77 
2.10 

.32 
H.54 
3.40 



15.77 
15.98 
12.58 



7.25 
8.08 

17.25 
.50 

26.60 
2 00 



13 
32 
11 



61.68 
29.53 
49.05 



28 
17 
36 



While we measured 61.68 inches of snow, and distributed all along through 
six months, we only had thirty-six days good sleighing, and that in the two 
months of January and March, viz. : from January 9 to the 29th, and from 
March 7 to the 22d. In the previous winter we did not have enough snow any 
one day for good sleighing during the whole six months of snowy weather. 

It would prove a paying investment in the end for the different State and 
county agricultural societies to offer liberal premiums for the best meteorological 
records for the preceding year or years. The science is yet in its infancy. It 
has attracted but little attention until the past twenty or twenty-five years, but 
just at the present time is receiving a great deal of attention, as it is a very 
important adjunct to commerce and agriculture. The farmers are not indebted 
alone to good soil and proper attention for a good crop of farm products on the 
well-tilled farm, for with the best of attention and care his labor is all for 



* 3Iinnimum. 



f Maximum. 



418 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



naught if the weather during the growing season proves unfavorable for the 
growing crops. Xow if the weather for the future could be predicted with any 
degree of certainty and the knowledge properly disseminated among the farming 
communities, the farmers would be enabled to put in such seed as would be 
likely to pay the best for such a season as would be anticipated. 

To the farmer, information about storms, and more particularly about rain, 
is of much greater importance than indications concerning the wind. In hay- 
ing and harvest time, as well as the time of thrashing or sowing the grain, a 
knowledge of approaching rain-storms may determine a whole season's crop for 
good or bad; and information as to severe expected frosts might save farmers, 
horticulturists, florists, nurserymen and persons engaged in raising garden 
products, a whole year's labor from destruction. 

Many times, if it could be known to the farmers and mechanics, even 
twenty-lour hours ahead, what weather might be expected, they could make a 
great saving in their work on hand and in planning Avork for the future. An 
agreed-upon storm signal could be attached to all locomotives that left any city 
or station, after one had been properly displayed in the place of departure, and 
be continued until it has been lowered by authority from headquarters. In 
this manner it could be seen by all interested parties living along the line of 
the railway. 

All of this, and very much more, will eventually be accomplished in the 
near future by the aid of the telegraph, telephone and the science of meteorol- 
ogy. By the aid of liberal premiums offered by the several State and county 
agricultural societies, it will stimulate all persons to a thorough and better 
knowledge of the science and hasten the day when we all shall have ample 
time to prepare for all coming storms and consult the morning daily papers for 
information on the day's anticipation of the coming weather, with that regu- 
larity and confidence that w^e now do for the foreign and domestic news, and 
the daily fluctuations in the price of farm products. Now, who will move first 
in this good work and thoroughly test the matter as to its utility and benefit 
generally to commerce and agriculture. 

The following table shows the monthly value of rain and melted snow 
reduced to water, in inches, for the year 1878 : 



Rain in inches. 



January 

Febrinrj... 

MHrch 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Septeiutier. 

October 

November . 
December.. 
Annual 



.48 
.3.5 
.94 
.79 
.96 
.02 
.16 
.07 
.30 
.82 
.66 
.14 
.69 



Ko. rainy 
days. 



1 
1 

7 

11 

13 

12 

7 

6 

7 

7 

4 



Snow in 
inches. 



2.10 
2.35 



.50 



9.55 
14.50 



No. days 
of snow. 



10 
17 



The total amount of precipitation was 35.69 inches against 47.97 inches in 
1877, and only .08 inches above the normal. It rained on 76 days, against 67 
days in 1877, and snowed on 17 days, against 22 days in 1877, and there were 
onl}' 18 days of sleighing during the year. 



HISTOllY OF JONES COUNTY 



419 



The Signal Service of the United States and the Iowa Weather Service 
have both become fixed institutions of the country, and are both working out 
wonders, from a meteorological standpoint, for the benefit of the community at 
large. The former is regularly receiving reports from upward of five hundred 
different stations and is publishing a daily weather bulletin and record of the 
weather at 12 o'clock at midnight, and adding an estimate of the weather 
for the coming day, with an average of ninety per cent of their predictions 
proving correct. The latter has only eighty-seven different stations in the 
ninety-nine counties of the State. It has been in successful operation a little 
over three years, but has been regularly recognized by our State Legislature, 
they making an appropriation of $2,000, to pay the necessary expense of a 
central ofiice, and the furnishing of blanks and postage for the different vol- 
unteer observers. 

The following table shows the monthly maximum, minimum and mean tem- 
perature, range, and temperature of well-water, for the year 1878 : 



Janu irj 

February... 

MarcL. 

April 

May 

.June 

July 

August 

Septeuiber. 

Oct'iber 

November.. 
December.. 
Annual 



Maximum. 


Minimum. 


Mean. 


Range. 


Temp, of well 
water. 


45 


-6* 


26.1 


51 


49. 


57 


17 


34.6 


40 


48. 


71 


27 


45.8 


44 


49. 


80 • 


33 


53.2 


47 


49. 


82 


37 


56.6 


45 


49. 


86 


50 


67.4 


36 


50. 


97 


58 


77.2 


39 


51. 


92 


57 


70.9 


35 


50. 


90 


38 


61.2 


52 


50. 


80 


Ti 


49.9 


53 


50. 


63 


21 


38.6 


42 


50. 


44 


-10* 


18.4 


54 


50. 


97 


-10* 


49.9 


107 


49.5 



The temperature for 1878, as a whole, has been above the normal. The 
highest temperature reached for the year was 97 degrees, July 16, against 
93 degrees last year. The lowest temperature reached was 10 degrees below 
zero on December 23, against 20 degrees below zero last year, making a mean 
temperature for the year of 49.9 degrees, 3.81 degi'ees above the normal. The 
Maquoketa River was open on January 13, after being frozen over only seven 
days, and was closed again December 20, after being open for 341 days. The 
last hoar-frost was June 10, and the first of the season was September 11, 
making 92 days without frost, against 99 days in 1877. 

TORNADO AT MONTICELLO. 

The people of Monticello will have occasion to date back to Tuesday, Octo- 
ber 8, 1878, for the next two generations at the least. It was general election 
day for State, county and township officers, and, just as the town clock in the 
schoolhouse tower indicated 5:30 in the afternoon, a destructive tornado struck 
the southwestern portion of the town, and, passing off in a northeasterly direction, 
totally destroyed ten dwelling-houses, two churches, nine barns and stables and 
one icehouse, and more or less damaging forty-two other buildings. The day 
opened with the temperature 55° at 7 A. M., nimbus clouds and a fresh breeze 
from the south, with a little sprinkling of rain at 10 A. M., and also again at 
noon. The temperature at noon was 73°, and there were nimbus clouds and a 
gentle breeze from the east. The temperature remained at 73° up to and 

* K dish (-) signifies below zero. 



420 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

including the time of the tornado. The wind c:iine from tlie east until the 
arrival of a stronger current of air from the southwest, when the weather-vane 
hacked around, via the north, to the southwest. For an hour previous to the 
arrival of the storm, a huge bank of nimbus clouds was seen piled up in the 
west and southwest, with occasional vivid flashes of lightning, accompanied 
with loud peals of thunder; and, when this ocean of nimbus clouds approached 
from the southwest, a light strip appeared at the horizon, and widened as the 
storm made headway in its course. The friction of the wind rolled up the 
underside of the black clouds, and they had very much the appearance of the 
waves of the ocean coming in from sea before a heavy gale of wind. 

The first damage done was the total destruction of E. R. Murdock's dwell- 
house, three miles west and one mile south of Monticello, in Castle Grove 
Township. Then, following a line northeasterly, it destroyed the dwelling- 
house of Mr. Brunthaver, in this township, and damaging the school building 
in District No. 3. Then, passing through the south portion of town, crossing 
Kitty Creek at Skelly's Ford, it totally destroyed James Sloan's dwelling, in 
Section 23, two miles east of town. Then, crossing the Maquoketa River, it 
destroyed the German Church in Richland Township, Section 19, four miles 
northeast of town. The storm was one-fourth of a mile in width, and lasted 
less than a minute in any one place, and traveled the whole course of eight or 
ten miles in a few moments. In the center of the track of the storm the ruins 
w^ere mostly left in a northeasterly direction, but on either side of the center of 
the track the debris is left at every point of the compass. A little hail and 
rain fell a few moments before and during the work of the destruction. In all, 
it measured less than a ({uarter of an inch — not enough to wet through the 
plastering of the houses that lost the roofs. During the whole of the storm, 
there was a loud, roaring noise, like the roar of the approaching of a thousand 
trains of cars, or the noise of the ocean while being lashed by a furious storm. 

The signal service can never give warning of these sudden freaks of the 
wind, no matter how perfect it may yet become in its other weather prognosti- 
cations. Their causes are altogether local and altogether unexpected in their 
appearance. They are copies, in miniature, of the tropical cyclones, and are 
governed, in their smaller sphere, by the same laws. Experts now describe all 
storms as rotary, and caused by the meeting of opposing currents of air of dif- 
ferent temperatures, having a local motion around a constantly advancing 
center. North of the equator, this motion is almost universally from right to 
left. In the southern hemisphere the rule is reversed. Ninety per cent of the 
fifty tornadoes noted in the United States during eighty years have exhibited 
the same characteristics — a general eastward course, with a greater or less 
deflection to the north. It follows that a person who sees a tornado approach- 
ing from the west may escape by running southward, but to run northward is, 
in all probability, to run into its very vortex. The singular weather, w^ith its 
thick atmosphere, frequent rains and excess of electric force, is just the Avcather 
which tempts the elements into frequent freaks of this kind. How all signs 
may fail, thus receives another illustration ; because the frequency of these 
violent storms is believed to depend upon, or, rather, to coincide with, the 
greater or less number of spots on the sun, of which there are fewer this year 
than usual. 

The northwest has been the prevailing wind, it coming from that direction 
for 94 days, against 77 days last year. It was clear on 63 days, cloudy on 91 
days, foggy on 15 days, and hazy on 85 days. It thundered and lightened on 
52 days. Frost on 138 days during the year. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



421 



Below is given the amount of snow and rain, and the number of rainy and 
snowy days during the winter of 1877-78, and a comparison with the past 
three Avinters : 

Kain. R. D. Snow. S. D. 

November, 1877 ^^ 68 5 11.62 6 

December, 1877 2.67 6 .25 1 

Januarv, 1878 !' 48 1 2.10 3 

February, 1878 1.35 1 2.35 3 

Total 8.34 13 16.32 13 

1876-77 15-77 13 61.68 28 

1875-76 15.98 32 29.53 17 

1874-75 12.58 11 49.05 36 

The following table shows the monthly maximum, minimum and mean tem- 
perature, temperature of well-water, number of days with frost, clear and 
cloudy^ for each month during the year 1879 : 













«♦- 




" 










(^ 




















oj 


s 










?£ 


» 


« 


o 


















1879. 


S 
s 
S 
"y. 


s 
S 




1^ 


o 


O 

|i 
So 


II 




S 


-18 


^ 


H 


;z; 


2q 


•^ 


.January 


45 


15.7 


50 


31 


12 


7 


February 


47 


-10 


22 


49 


28 


« 


8 


March 


74 


5 


36 


50 


20 


8 


7 


April 


84 
88 
90 
93 


22 
37 
50 
61 


53.2 
62.7 
(;89 
76.7 


50 
50 
50 
51 


4 
2 




17 
6 
9 

12 


a 


.\[ay 


10 


June 


7 


July 


5 


August 


92 

82 


54 

37 


72 

58.8 


50 
50 



5 


11 

10 


o 


September 


2 


October 


85 
70 


22 
12 


58 
36.7 


50 
50 


9 
19 


15 

10 


2 


November 


11 






Annual 















The following table shows the mean direction of the wind. The figures 
show the number of times, each month, the wind prevailed in each of the eight 
cardinal points for the year 1879 : 



1879. 


. 


ca 




tL 




1 




■s 






j= 


.a 


. 


fi 


.a 


ji 


m 


i 


!^ 




o 
IZi 


o 


P4 




a 
o 


o 


^ 


3 
^ 


3 


•January 


3 


2 





5 


4 


4 


4 


9 





Ffbrunry 


2 


'I 





8 


2 


1 


2 


11 





March 


3 





2 


9 


2 








10 





A pril 


6 
1 
3 

1 
1 
1 
1 


2 
2 
2 
5 
6 
2 

1 


1 
2 
3 







7 
10 
5 
4 
6 
5 
6 
7 


4 
6 
8 
1 
6 
5 
11 
4 


2 
8 
2 
9 
5 
3 
5 
2 


1 
3 
3 
1 

Q 

8 
•2 
4 


7 
4 
4 
2 
3 
6 
5 
11 





May 





June 





.lulv 


9 


.AuufUSl 


1 


September 





October 


1 











.Annual 




1 















A dash (-) signifies below zero. 



422 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 

This township is situated in the western part the county, north of Green- 
field, the southwestern township. There is a good deal of timber in this town- 
ship, the timber-land occupying nearly two-thirds of the area. The timber is 
mostly oak, and for quality is not excelled in this portion of the State. Many 
of the trees of the original forest have been cut down and removed, and their 
places are now occupied by numberless young and thrifty second-growths. In 
the northeastern portion, there is some prairie land, and the southwestern 
third of the township is also prairie. In these portions may be seen some of 
the finest farms in the county. The Wapsipinicon River enters the township 
near the northwest corner, crosses somewhat diagonally, and enters Jackson 
Township, on the east, near the center of the line running north and south. 
Buffalo Creek enters Fair view from the north, and unites with the Wapsipinicon 
just west of the site of Anamosa. On these streams are a number of excellent 
mill-privileges, and a goodly number are occupied by substantial flouring-mills. 
The whole township is well watered by these streams and their numerous tribu- 
taries. The village of Fairview 'is situated a little west of the geographical 
center, and Anamosa, the county seat, four miles northwest of it. The Addi- 
tional Penitentiary of the State and the State Fish-Hatching Establishment 
are situated in this township, and in the north and west are the famous stone 
quarries described elsewhere. As a whole, this township ranks first in import- 
ance in the county. 

EARLY SETTLEMENT OF ANAMOSA AND FAIRVIE^V TOWNSHIP. 

From a letter to Mr. Edmund Booth from Gideon H. Ford, of Webster 
City, Hamilton County, this State, under date of October 4, 1872, we quote the 
following in regard to the early settlement of Anamosa and Fairview Town- 
ship: " The first settlement of Buffalo Forks was commenced in April, 1838, 
by George Russ and Sherebiah Dakin, from the State of Maine. They laid 
claim to Sees. 2, 3, 4, one-quarter of 9 and one-quarter of 10. There were with 
them John H. Bartlett, wife and child, also a man named Smith, another named 
Carpenter and David G. Dumars. These came in the spring of 1838. Three 
of the above died that season, viz., Russ, Smith and Carpenter. Dakin was 
a millwright ; worked in Dubuque. Then came George H. Russ, son of George 
Russ. 

" I arrived at Dubuque on the 22d of October, and fell in Avith S. Dakin. 
He was going to Buffalo Forks next day, and asked me to go with him. He 
wished to sell his interest in the claim. So, in company with Timothy Davis, 
we started for the Forks, arriving next day in a snow-storm, the snow three 
inches deep. I bought Dakin's interest in the claim for $1,000. Young 
Russ held his father's share. Young Russ soon got homesick and I bought 
his share for $500. I then sold two-thirds of the claim to Davis and Walworth 
for $2,000. This was in January, 1839. We commenced building the mills 
the next spring. John H. Bartlett, I am told, is now living in Dubuque." 

Mr. Edmund Booth writes: " I arrived at 'the Forks,' as they were famil- 
iarly termed — meaning Buffalo Forks of the Wapsipinicon, often abbreviated 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 423 

to Wapsie — in August, ] 839. If I remember aright, it was on the 18th of 
August. I had reached Dubuque from the East some days previously, and 
made inquiry for George H. Walworth. I was referred to Timothy Davis ; 
sought and found him in his little lawyer's office on Main street. He informed 
me he was a partner of Walworth, and that the latter Avas at the ' Buffalo 
Foi'ks of the VVapsipinicon.' He proposed to let me have a horse which he . 
wished to send to the Forks, and suggested the next day for starting ; distance, 
forty miles. He informed me that a new road, known as United States Mili- 
tary Road, was being laid out to the Forks, and seemed to apprehend no diffi- 
culty about the way. This Timothy Davis was, some years later, member of 
the Lower House of Congress for Iowa. He died about a year ago, of paraly- 
sis (1872). He was a lawyer from Missouri, a man of good intellect, clear 
head, and at the time, 1839, the best lawyer in Northern Iowa. His nature 
was ever kindly. 

*' In the course of the evening, after seeing Mr. Davis as above described, 
he called on me at Tim Fanning's log tavern, the only hotel in Dubuque, and 
informed me that two men would start next morning for Iowa City, then just 
laid out as the capital of the Territory of Iowa. They were going to attend 
the first sale of lots. Next morning we started accordingly. The name of 
one of the men was Bartlett — whether the Bartlett mentioned by Ford or not, 
I do not know ; but judge not, as he did not appear to have any knowledge of 
the road, nor did he mention aught to lead one to suppose he had acquaintance 
with the locality of the 'Forks.' The name of the other man I have forgot- 
ten ; but he was a blacksmith of Dubuque. For the journey, I had a large, 
strong horse, not spirited, but good. The two men were mounted on ponies. 
They rode at a continual slow trot, the natural pace of a pony. My horse 
taking longer strides, I allowed them to proceed some distance, and then a trot 
brought me up to them. And so it was all the way. 

"'As before said, the military road was being laid out. Congress having 
appropriated $20,000. We found a newly broken furrow along one side of the 
road, which, by the way, was merely a track through the grass of the prairies, 
and a mound of turf raised three to four feet high at intervals of a half-mile, 
more or less. At about noon, we reached the house of a Mr. Hamilton, two 
miles or so before reaching Cascade. Here we took dinner and fed the 
horses. There was only a woman — probably Mrs. Hamilton — in the house, 
and they had a small field in cultivation, no larger than a garden to appear- 
ance. The man was away. Continuing on, we soon reached Cascade. South 
of the river (North Fork of the Maquoketa) was a log cabin belonging to Mr. 
Dulong, an urbane Kentuckian. North of the river was the unfinished frame 
hotel of Mr. Thomas, and these were all the buildings of the place. Mr. 
Dulong was an elderly man, apparently forty to fifty years of age. He died 
some years since. Continuing on, it began to grow dark before we reached the 
timber of the South Fork of the Maquoketa. 

" Passing through the timber, the new road being pretty good, the light 
from the chinks of a log cabin at last gave us assurance of human habitation, 
and a chance for a night's lodging. It proved to be the dwelling of Daniel 
Varvel, situated on the South Fork of the Maquoketa, and where is now a por- 
tion of the town of Monticello. On the maps of the place, it is designated as 
Monticello. Reaching Varvel's, he put the horses in a stable, near by — 
a log stable, by the way, with a loft above for hay. In the house were some 
dozen or fifteen men, in the employ of the U. S. Government contractor, and 
engaged in laying out the Military road. They had come thus far with the work. 



424 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Varvel prepared supper. He was at that time wifeless, and no woman in the 
house. Supper of ham and eggs, corn dodgers and coffee. Breakfast, ditto, 
the next morning, eaten with a hearty relish after such a long ride. No beds 
for us with this crowd. After an hour's talk, Varvel took the lantern and led 
the way to the stable. We mounted the ladder outside, and with our saddle- 
blankets for covering, slept on the hay (we three) till morning, the horses feed- 
ing and resting beneath us. And this was my first night in Iowa after leaving 
Dubuque. A word here about Varvel. He was from Kentucky; married some 
years after this, our first meeting ; with George H. Walworth, he laid out the 
town of Monticello, south of the river. v 

•• His children grew up and removed further West. He followed them a 
few years since, and I do not know now whether he is living or dead. After 
breakfast, we left Varvel's, as the place was called until Monticello was laid out 
and named. The road was tolerably well marked by wagons, and at about noon, 
we passed the first land plowed since leaving Hamilton's, and Hamilton's was 
the only {lowed land we had seen after leaving Dubuque. This second piece of 
plowed land, then just broken, consisted of five acres, the claim belonging to 
David G. Dumars, and the identical ground on which the county fair has been 
held for some years. Passing by this, and when at about the intersection of 
what is now Main and High streets, Anamosa, a large-sized man came lazilv 
along the road toward us. We stopped and made inquiry. He told me to take 
a road to the right a few rods further on. That man was David G. Dumars. 
He went on toward his breaking; and, bidding good-bye to my two companions, 
who were bound for the new capital of the Territory and prospective wealth 
through the purchase of town lots, I turned into the road to the right. A mile 
and a half brought me to the log cabin referred to in G. H. Ford's letter, the 
body which had been built by Russ & Dakin. Here I found G. H. Walworth, 
who was an old acquaintance, and about fifteen to twenty other persons engaged 
in building a dam and saw-mill. The day was Sunday, and the people scattered, 
some reading, some lounging about, some gone to "the Prairie," as the settle- 
ment south of the timber was called. That settlement then consisted of eighteen 
log dwellings, and extendeil along the south border of the timber from High- 
land Grove to A'iola ; of course, these two latter names not being given till 
years afterward. I have related my journey as above merely to convey some 
idea of the aspect of the country, buildings, etc., and have named every dwell- 
ing we saw after leaving the little hamlet of Dubuque. 

" I give here a list of the early settlers of the township ; most of the list 
was obtained from John G. Joslin, ten years ago : Clement Russell and family 
arrived in Julv, 1837 : John G. Joslin and family, in August, 1837 ; Ambrose 
Parsons and family, in May, 1838 ; Benonia Brown and family, in October, 
1<S88 : Lathrop Olmsted and fimily, in April, 1838; James Parsons, Avith his 
son Silas, in April, 1838 ; John Leonard and wife arrived in the autumn of 1838; 
Calvin C. Reed, in 1838 ; Gideon II. Peet, in the spring of 1839 ; Henry Van 
Buskirk, in the spring' of 1839 ; Samuel Kelly, in 1838 ; Edmund Booth, in 
August, 1839 ; Henry Booth, in May, 1840 ; Col. David Wood, in June, 1840." 

THE VILLAGE OF FAIRVIKW. 

This small village of about fifty inhabitants, is situated a little west of 
of the geographical center of the township of Fairview, and four miles south- 
west of the city of Anamosa. It is situated at the border of the timber-land, 
on the most delightful portion of the prairie land of Fairview Township. Near 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 425 

this village are found some of the first farms in the county of Jones, and had it 
been the fortune of its inhabitants to have secured the passage of one of the 
several lines of railroads that traverse the county, it would doubtless have made 
one of tlie first towns in this part of the State. The situation is indeed a 
delightful one. 

At present, there is one small general and a small grocery store. The Post- 
master is Mr. A. Merrill, and he is also the proprietor of the grocery store. 
He is an old resident of the place, having resided in the house where he now 
lives since 1853. There is a two-story frame schoolhouse and two churches. 
Tlie Baptist Church is the oldest in the county, a history of which is given 
elsewhere. 

The Methodist Church was built last year and dedicated June 28, 1878. 
The Pastor is W. F. Dove. The cost of the building was $1,200, and, though 
the society is small, they have paid all indebtedness and own their church with- 
out any incumbrance. The Trustees are William Manly, John Reed, Fred- 
rick Leper, J. B. J. Porter and A. Dawes. The Methodists have had an organ- 
ization for many years, but no church edifice until last year as stated above. 

The Church of God have an organization, but no church edifice. They con- 
template building soon. Nathan Blood is their Pastor. 

A CHAPTER OF EARLY HISTORY. 

Previous to June, 1837, no white man had settled in what afterward became 
the village of Fairview or in the township of that name. i\-t the date named, 
Clement Russell, wife and four or five children, originally from the State of New 
York and last from Michigan, reached the place by wagon, in the search for 
a permanent location combining both prairie and timber land. Here he fixed 
his abode, and the aspect was renlly one of beauty. The prairie, six miles in 
width, ran east and west, and the sun apparently rising out of the prairie on 
the east and setting into the prairie on the west. 

Russell, having lived in Michigan, was already a frontier's man, a farmer 
by occupation, and, in the course of the first year, had erected his log cabin, 
some 25x18 feet, and opened up a farm. John G. Joslin, Benonia Brown and 
and others, with their families, came in the months following the arrival of 
Russell, and, in 1839, there were along the timber border of the prairie eighteen 
log dwellings, all, except one or two over the line in Linn County, being in 
Fairview Township. 

In 1839 or 1840, Lucas being Territorial Governor, a speck of war-cloud 
arose along the line separating Iowa from Missouri. Word was passed for a 
meeting of young men, at Russell's house, with a view to enlistments for the 
deadly fray. Of those who enlisted, eighteen placed themselves in line as vol- 
unteers. Some were armed with guns, and some, for the fun of the thing, with 
poles or cornstalks. The war-cloud soon blew over, and Lucas, the testy, rested 
in peace. 

At that time and subsequently, down to the removal of the county seat to 
Anamosa (then Lexington), Russell's was the place for public meetings other 
than religious, and for general elections, except for the last year or two before 
removal, when, through some agency or other of some person, the election was 
ordered by the County Commissioners to be held at Eli Brown's new frame barn. 
This was at the east end of the "settlement," so called,, at that day, and not 
at all agreeable to the general public ; but it was near the center of the township, 
and "center" of township or county has been a catchword ever since, without 



426 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

regard to center of convenience or population. The scenes at Russell's — the 
familiar name of the locality — were various, and often amusing. It was the 
point where all roads met, and the main road — the military — leaving that place, 
was the one leading to the bridge across the Wapsipinicon. Hence Russell's 
was the general rendezvous of the settlement. 

For several years, the number of votes polled in the precinct was about 33, 
and so it continued until 1847, when C. C. Rockwell, the first lawyer in the 
county, came and set up in his profession at Lexington, and, as Deputy to William 
Hutton, County Clerk, inserted Lexington in the order for the next general vote 
of the precinct, to the great disgust of Eli Brown's ham and everybody living 
near it. The balance of the public wondered somewhat at what they looked upon 
as a bit of legal impudence^ but as Lexington was not objectionable and was more 
respectable than a barn, general acquiescence followed. 

Russell's, as already stated, was the point for public meetings. It was also 
the place for discussions of all kinds, and for brawls as well, when such occurred. 
The few persons of that day now living can remember bloody faces and 
black eyes, and most frequently the bloody faces and black eyes Aver.e confined 
to two or three persons. The quarrels usually grew out of diff"erence of opinions, 
combined with ivhisky, and the enmities generated were never permanent. In 
less than a week, all were as friendly as ever, and ready to extend a kindness 
or a helping hand to each other. 

The nearest store was at Dubuque, over forty miles away. Of the promi- 
nent men residing here and in the vicinity, John G. Joslin was one of the most 
intelligent, and most influential and most respected ; Ambrose Parsons was 
solid, good-hearted and naturally dignified ; Gideon Peet was kindly and pleas- 
ant ; Benonia Brown was industrious and thrifty, and died at the age of 103 ; 
Clement Russell was of wiry make, nervous-bilious in temperament, good-hearted 
at bottom and throughout, and disputative ; John Leonard was of large frame, 
great physical strength, and indolent, but worked well, and was often employed 
by his neighbors for that reason. Besides those named above, the settlers, as 
a whole, were good men and women and orderly. In short, they were good 
samples of the best people residing in New York and New England. 

In 1841, Russell laid out the village of Fairview. Reuben Bunce and Mr. 
Gilchrist came soon after with a load of goods, which they were peddling 
through the territory. They stopped at Russell's, then a general tavern for 
travelers, and concluded to remain and open a store. The front portion of 
Russell's log cabin was set off for the purpose. They also purchased a num- 
ber of lots of the newly laid-out town. Gilchrist soon sold out to Bunce and 
left. Out of the question of paying for the lots, litigation arose, and th3 Dis- 
trict Court, for several terms, had it on hand. Lathrop Olmstead, who lived 
just outside the plat of Fairview, was tall and slender, and, for all the world, 
reminded one of Washington Irving's Ichabod Crane. He, at Fairview, and 
Barrett Whittemore, at Bowen's Prairie, were the first two persons who under- 
took to teach school in this county, and both at about the same time — winter of 
1840-11. Olmstead started overland for California in 1849 or 1850, and is 
supposed to have died on the way, as nothing was ever heard of him afterward. 
The first school he taught was in Marlin Peet's house, which was empty at the 
time. 

Among the residents of Fairview after 1840 were Edmund Booth and Dr. 
Sylvester G. Matson. In the vicinity, and extending eastward along the bor- 
der of the timber, were John G. Joslin, Henry Booth, Benonia Brown, Dr. 
Clark Joslin, Eli and George H. Brown, and westward were Julius A. Peet, 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 427 

Marlin Peet, James, Silas and Neely Parsons, Gideon Peet (the father of the 
Peet family in the settlement) and Gideon N. Peet. Next to the last was 
Ambrose Parsons. Then came Alex. Rhoton and John Crow, John Crow 
and family came from Virginia. He was a courtly and dignified gentleman, 
and had the handsomest couple of mastiffs and horses in the settlement. The 
names given above are only of the heads of families of that time. 

FIRST SCHOOLHOUSE. 

The first schoolhouse built within the township was on the Marion road^ 
near a mile from the village. It should have been in the village, but unfavor- 
able feelings against Russell and the town, on the part of outsiders, located it 
otherwise. It was a log cabin, perhaps 18x20 feet, and served the growing 
generations for some years. 

THE FIRST POST OFFICE. 

In 18-iO, a weekly horseback mail was placed on the route between 
Dubuque and Iowa City, via Edinburg, the then county seat, and coming into 
the military road at Dartmouth, now Anamosa. In 1841, Gideon N. Peet 
procured the establishment of a post office at his residence, a m.le west of 
■ Russell's, and was appointed Po.-tmaster. This was the first post office and 
Postmaster in the township. The neaiest post offices being *hen at Edinburg, 
James Hutton, Postmaster; Big Woods, Mr. Grauel, Postmaster; Rome (now 
Olin), Norman B. Seely, Postmaster ; Springville, Col. Butler, Postmastei', 
and Monticello, William Clark, Postmaster. Mr. Peet conducted his post office 
well, but the business was light, for the people were few, and the rates of letter 
postage were burdensome. Money was a scarce article, the country not 
having recovered from the effects of the crash of 1837, and the Govern- 
ment accepting nothing at the land offices or post offices except gold and 
silver. The money mostly current was "red-dog," "wildcat," and "stump- 
tail," that is, the money of State banks, and no man receiving it one day 
could tell what it would be worth on the next. In such a condition of 
things, and every man hoarding to pay the Government for his land, the 
amount of mail sent and received was small. After some months, Mr. Peet 
wished to rid himself of the care of the office. Russell desired the position, 
as he said, "so that he could read all the papers," and the expression may 
have been one of his many jests. In some way, and through his personal 
friend, Senator A. C. Dodge, at Washington, his wish was gratified. Months 
passed. The mail came weekly at about the noon hour. Almost daily, Rus- 
sell might be seen stepping to his door after dinner, and, with vexation 
depicted on his face, looking up the road leading into the timber and to the 
Wapsipinicon bridge. Waiting for the mail kept him from his farm work, and 
finally he declared the post office was "nothing but a plague," and sent in to 
Washington his resignation in favor of A. B. Dumont. 

Dumont was a carpenter, one of the two sons of J. B. Dumont, then 
recently arrived from the State of New York, and settled in Fairview. The 
other son was Fred, an invalid at the time, and now one of the substantial 
farmers near Fairview. The new Postmaster, Mr. Dumont, had a job at 
Marion, Linn Co., and placed the office in charge of Edmund Booth, his 
next-door neighbor, for a few weeks. The time ran into six months, and, still 
having work at Marion, Dumont concluded to resign. Dr. Sylvester G. 



428 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Matson, then living on the military road just south of Reed's Creek, desired it. 
and Mr, Dumont resigned in his favor, Mr, Booth remarks that during the 
six months the post office was in his care, the sum total of his compensation, 
that is, Postmaster's percentage on receipts, was just $6, Dr. Matson held 
the position some months, and, like his predecessors, found the glory small and 
the pay still smaller. He, too, threw up the affair, and another man succeeded 
him. The name of the office all this time was Pamaho, suggested by Mr. Peet 
in his petition to the Department in 1841, Mr. Peet stating it was the name 
of an Indian chief in Wisconsin. It was while Dr. Matson was thus Post- 
master at Fairview that a post office was established at Lexington (Anamosa). 
Pratt R, Skinner was appointed Postmaster. He was a well-educated, intelli- 
gent and enterprising man, brother of Dr. William M. Skinner, now one of 
the leading druggists in Anamosa, and is now living in Oregon. 

Anamosa has had sucesssive Postmasters: Pratt R, Skinner, C. L. D. 
Crockwell, Samuel Cunningham, Alex Shaffer, J. H. Show, Amos H. Pcaslee. 
of Fisher, now Gillen House— Dr. N. G. Sales. H. C. Metcalf, Richard 
McDaniels and H. Hollenbeck. During the administrations of Pierce and 
Buchanan, a period of eight years, no less than seven different Postmasters were 
appointed in succession for her accommodation. 

It was during this that the old site — down-town — of Anamosa, was being 
gradually deserted by the business men for up-town. The building of the Fisher 
House and the general building of residences on the higher ground, had started 
the movement. Some hard feeling among the down-towners grew out of this, 
and the post office was removed alternately, up and down town, with the advent 
of each new Postmaster, until Peaslee's appointment, after which its stay up 
town became permanent. When Shaffer was appointed, he said in view of these 
alternate removals, that he would get a wheelbarrow. Meeting Mr. Booth, he 
remarked : " Up-town has come down town," to which the latter replied, " ' Up- 
town ' will turn ' down-town ' upside down." These are quoted as showing 
some of the humors of the time. 

Since 1869, Charles W. Coe has held the position of Postmaster, a period 
of ten years, and to the satisfaction of the public. 

The Court House too, was, for a time, a bone of contention between up and 
and down town. 

The facts above recorded were obtained from old settlers, and from those 
whom the writer has reason to believe to be wholly reliable. 



ANAMOSA, 

The name of the present county seat of Jones was suggested by Edmund 
Booth, The incident that led to the selection of the name Anamosa is related 
elsewhere, as is also the history of its early settlement. The place was first 
named Dartmouth, then Lexington, and afterward Anamosa. The site of Ana- 
mosa is quite romantic and beautiful, the scenery in the vicinity adding much 
to the attractiveness of the city, which sits upon a delightful portion of the 
unduhiting timber-land situated at the junction of the Buffilo Creek with the 
Wapsipinicon River, The situation possesses the natural advantages necessary 
to the permanence and prosperity of a town. The abundant water-power 
afforded by the Buffalo and Wapsipinicon has been somewhat utilized, although 
the interests of the citizens of Anamosa demand a much more liberal use of 
these inanimate and tireless forces. The quarries of most excellent building 



^J" 




J^^^l<m.^ ey/^, (^^t^O^ 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 431 

Stone, in the neighborhood, constitute a never-failing source of cheap and ever- 
lasting material for building purposes. 

The name and plat of the town as Dartmouth were lost because no record 
was made. The town as Lexington was laid out in the year 1846, by R. J. 
Cleaveland, of Olin, now dead. He was a graduate of Harvard, intelligent, 
chivalrous, kind and noble hearted ; was a genuine patriot, joined the Ninth 
Iowa Volunteers in the war of the rebellion, was sixty or nearly that old, at the time, 
but Col. Wm. Vandever, of Dubuque, was a personal friend of his, and, in con- 
sequence of this fact, he was mustered into the service, notwithstanding his age. 
During the war, he acred as army correspondent, and signed himself" Leonidas." 
He died a year or more ago, at the age of seventy-two. The name Lexington 
was changed for Anamosa, and that portion of the city now called " down- 
town " by some, by others, " Dublin," corresponds to the original town of Lex- 
ington, or Anamosa. To the original town there have been made the following 
additions and subdivisions: 

1 — Crockwell's Addition in the year 1848. 
2 — Crockwell's Out-Lots in the year 1847. 
3 — Ford's Addition in the year 1848. 
4 — Walworth's Addition in the year 1849. 
5 — Walworth's Out-Lots in the year 1849. 
6 — Fisher's East Anamosa in the year 1850. 
7 — Fisher's Addition in the year 1865. 
8 — Webster's Out-Lots in the year 1854. 
9 — Haddock's Out-Lots, 27. East Anamosa. 

10 — Keller's Subdivision of Lot 1, Fisher's Addition. 

11 — Warren's Subdivision of part of Walworth's Addition. 

12 — Shaw's Subdivision of Lot 1, Section 11, Town 84, Range 4. 

13— Soper & Boardman's Subdivision of Lots 25, 26,28, 29, Fisher's East 
Anamosa. 

14 — Kimball's Subdivision of 5, 6 and part of 7, Webster's Out-Lots. 

15 — Peters' Subdivision of the west half of Lot 4 of Fisher's Addition. 

16 — Gibb's Addition. 

17 — Skinner's Addition. 

18 — Boardman's Subdidsion of Lots 2 and 3 of Webster's Out-Lots. 

19 — Peters' Subdivision of Lot 30, and west half of Lot 31 of Walworth's 
Addition. 

20 — Huber's Subdivision. 

21 — Shaw's Subdivision of the east half of Lot 4 of Fisher's Addition, and 
part of the northeast quarter of the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter 
of Section 2, Town 84, Range 4. 

22 — Hick's Addition. 

23 — Shaw's Subdivision of Lot 25 of Fisher's East Anamosa. 

24 — Sales' Subdivision of Out-Lot 1 of Wahvorth's Addition. 

25 — Boardman & Soper's Subdivision of Lots 6, 7 and 10 of Anamosa. 

26 — Booth's Subdivision of Lot 2 of Fisher's Addition. 

27 — Crane's Subdivision of part of Walworth's Addition. 

28 — Osborne's Subdivision of part of Walworth's Addition. 

29 — Fisher's Subdivision of part of Walworth's Addition. 

30 — Subdivision A of Skinner's Addition. 

31 — Shaw's Subdivision of Lot 26 of Fisher's East Anamosa. 

32 — Shaw's Subd'n of part of Lot 4, and the northeast quarter of the north- 
east quarter of Sees. 10, Town 84, Range 4, west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 

G 



432 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTV. 

The first hotel-keeper was G. H. Ford, who was also the first hlacksmith. 
The house he kept as a hotel was built by E. Booth and sold to Ford. 

The second hotel-keeper was C. L. D. Crockwell. He built the " Waverly 
House " for a hotel, and it continues to be kept as such at the present. 

Mahan and John Crockwell kept the first store, which was a small affair, and 
the principal commodity kept for sale is said to have been poor whisky. 

The second mercantile firm was that of Skinner &; Clark in 1847. Messrs. 
Gillett & Osborne opened out as dealers in general merchandise about the 
same time. 

Dr. Clark Joslin was the first physician, and is still in practice as such in 
company with his son, J. M. D. Joslin. 

Dr. Joslin and Crockwell established the first drug store. Crockwell, it is 
said, after a time went to Utah and became a Mormon. 

About 1848 or 1840, J. H. Fisher opened a store at the mill on the Buf- 
falo, and after a time, moved his stock to the town and continued the business. 

Messrs. Cary & Show were among the early mercantile men of Anamosa 
and kept jewelry, boots aftd shoes, etc., for sale. Show emigrated to Missouri 
and be:;ame a Judge on the Supreme Bench of the State. Cary moved to 
Utah, and is in the real-estate business at Ogden. 

'-"^he first tailor was William Sterling, in 1848. He was afterward County 
Recorder an' also Treasurer of the county. 

The first lawyer was Rockwell, in 1847. In 1840, he was Chief Clerk of 
the State Senate. 

The first child born was Maria Ford, daughter of Gideon H. and Hannah 
Ford. This child grew up and married Israel Fisher, and they now live at 
Webster City in this State. 

The city now numbers (1879) upwards of two thousand inhabitants, mostly 
Americans. The census of 1875 showed a population of 1,598. The census 
was taken by the Township Assessors, and, it is thought by some, was not very 
carefully made. 

Anamosa was incorporated as a village in 1856, and as a city in 1872. 
Col. W. T. Shaw was the first Mayor. 

At this date, Anamosa contains a number of elegant private residences, 
many handsome cottages, and a very fine display of good and substantial busi- 
ness houses. With a magnificent system of water-works and three well-organ- 
ized fire companies, the city is well protected from the rava.ges of fire. There 
are six churches, two newspapers, two graded schools (includinir Strawberry 
Hill, which is so related to the city as to properly belong with itj, two private 
schools, one bookstore, two news depots, two libraries, two banks, seven dry- 
goods stores, two clothing stores, three drug stores, three millinery stores, five 
hardware stores, seven grocery stores, one candy manufactory, four con- 
fectioneries and restaurants, one cigar manufactory, one cemetery asso- 
ciation, one marble shop, two undertakers and furniture dealers, one art 
gallery, one cigar and tobacco store, three shoe-shops, four blacksmith-shops, 
three harness-shops, three wagon-shops, one machine-shop, three flouring-mills, 
two grain elevator warehouses, two lumber-yards, three tailor-shops, one plan- 
ing-mill, one cooper-shop, five hotels, three jewelry stores, two provision stores, 
one feed and sale stable, two livery stables, two dentists, four architects, one 
civil engineer, one general insurance office, one express office, two meat markets, 
three barber-shops, one soap-factory, one water-works company, three fire com- 
panies, one opera house, eight secret societies, two railroad offices, two ice-houses, 
one brewery and three saloons. There are tivelve doctors and fifteen lawyers. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTV. 438 

The business houses are compactly built of brick and stone, and present a 
neat and handsome appearance. The public walks are mostly made of 
stone, and the principal streets well macadamized. The county has no Court 
House, but owns good and commodious rooms in the Sliaw Block, where the 
court-room and county offices are conveniently arranged. The jail is a sub- 
stantial building for the safe keeping of those unfortunate enough to become 
its inmates. 

The public school buildings and churches are sufficiently large and com- 
modious to meet the wants of the people and are neat and handsome structures. 

The Additional Penitentiary is within the city limits, and, when completed, 
Avill add much to the architectural appearance of the city. The inhabitants 
are an intelligent and industrious people, and the morale of the city is most 
excellent. 

CITY OFFICERS. 

Anamosa held its first election as an organized toivn on the first Monday of 
April, 1856. Mayor, William T. Shaw ; Recorder, C. C. Peet ; Council, G. 
AY. Keller, Joseph Mann, S. T. Buxton, H. C. Metcalf. 

1857 — Mayor, Robert Dott ; Recorder, Charles D. Perfect ; Councilmen^ 
H. C. Metcalf, S. £. McDaniels, E. Cutler, Burton Peet. 

1858 — Mayor, A. H. Peaslee ; Recorder, E. Cutler ; Council, E. T. 
Mellett, W. K! Locke, J. J. Welsh, A. P. Carter. 

1859 — Mayor, George W. Field ; Recorder, C. L. Hayes ; Council, J. J^ 
Welsh, W. R. Locke, A. P. Carter, J. L. Brown. 

1860 — Mayor, N. G. Sales ; Recorder, 0. Burke ; Council, P. Flannery^ 
J. J. Dickinson, David Graham, J. L. Brown. 

1861 — Mayor, N. G. Sales ; Recorder, 0. Burke ; Council, William 
Skeiian, Cornelius Peaslee, Benjamin Chaplin, J. J. Dickinson. 

1862— Mayor, N. G. Sales ; Recorder, J. J. Dickinson ; Council, E. B, 
Alderman, Benjamin Chaplin, F. S. McKean, J. D. Walworth. 

1863 — Mayor, J. H. Benjamin ; Recorder, Robert Dott ; Council, E, M_ 
Harvey, B. L. Watson, C. J. Higby, E. M. Littlefield. 

1864 — Mayor, Israel Fisher; Recorder, E. M. Littlefield; Council, A. P. 
Carter, W. M. Skinner, J. S. Belknap, J. S. Perfect. 

1865 — Mayor, Israel Fisher ; Recorder. E. M. Littlefield ; Council, A. P, 
Carter, J. S. Belknap, W. M. Skinner, John S. Stacy. 

1866 — Mayor, John S. Stacy ; Recorder, C. T. Lamson ; Council, H. C- 
Metcalf, J. C. Dietz. H. Lehmkuhl, P. Haines, 

1867— Mayor, J. C. Dietz; Recorder, X. P. Carter; Council, S. G^ 
Matson, C. W. Hollenbeck, M. H. French, Robert Dott, E. B. Alderman. 

1868 — Mayor, D. McCarn ; Recorder, A. P. Carter; Council, L. Niles, A. 
Heitchen, B. F. Shaw, H. C. Metcalf, C. W. Hollenbeck. 

1869— Mayor, J. C. Deitz ; Recorder, E. M. Littlefield ; Council, H. C. 
Metcalf; Thomas Perfect, J. H. Fisher, E. F. Clark, Lyman Niles. 

1870— Mayor, E. Blakeslee ; Recorder, B. F. Shaw ; Council, H. C. Met- 
calf, J. H. Fisher, B. P. Simmons, A. B. Cox, Lyman Niles. 

1871 — Mayor, Charles Cline ; Recorder, C. M. Failing; Council, B. F. 
Shaw, W. W. Hollenbeck, D. C. Tice, 0. M. Ellis, W. S. Benton. 

March 5, 1872, Anamosa was organized as a city, with the following: 
officers: Mayor, Robert Dott; City Clerk, C. M. Failing; Council, A. Heitchen,. 
A. B; Cox, S. G. Matson, J. L. Brown, 0. Dunning, S. Needham, Frank 
Fjsher. C. H. Lull. 



434 HISTORY OF JONES COUNT V. 

1873— Mayor, Robert Dott ; Clerk, E. M. Littlefield ; Council, A. 
Heitchen, S. G. Matson. 0. Dunning, Frank Fisher, Milton Rernley, L. 
Schoonover, J. G. Parsons, A. V. Eaton. 

1874 — Mayor, Robert Dott ; Clerk, L. B. Peck ; Council. Milton Rernley, 
L. Schoonover, B. P. Simmons, A. V. Eaton, J. T. Rigby, J. S. Belknap, J, 
B. McQueen, Harmon Dorgeloh. 

1875 — Mayor, Robert Dott; Clerk, L. B. Peck; Council, J. T, Rigby, J. 
S. Belknap, C. M. Failing, J. B. McQueen, E. B. Alderman, L. Schoonover, 
George Waters, A. V. Eaton. 

1876 — Mayor, E. Steever (resigned in June and Robert Dott elected to 
fill vacancy) ; Clerk, L. B. Peck ; Council, E. B. Alderman, L. Schoonover, 
George Waters, A. V. Eaton, T. Clancy, J. T. Rigby, D. M. Hakes, J. S. 
Belknap. 

1877— Mayor, A. S. Noble ; Clerk, L. B. Peck ; Council, T. Clancv, J. T. 
Rigby, D. M."" Hakes, J. S. Belknap, C. L. Niles, D. Chadwick, L. Schoon- 
over, L. J. Adair. 

1878— Mayor, A. V. Eaton ; Clerk, L. B. Peck ; Council, C. L. Niles, D. 
Chadwick, L. Schoonover, L. J. Adair. E. J. Wood, H. W. Sigworth, W. A. 
Cunningham, T. R. Ercanbrack. 

1879— Mayor, A. V. Eaton ; Clerk, C. M. Brown ; Council, H. W. Sig- 
worth, E. J. Wood, W. A. Cunningham, T. R. Ercanbrack, I. Fisher, M. 
Heisey, R. L. Duer, J. P. Scroggs. 

ORIGIN OF THE NAME ANAMOSA. 

The name of this city has a somewhat romantic origin, and is derived from 
a simple incident in its early history. This incident occurred in the house of 
G. H. Ford about 1842, and is thus related by Edmund Booth, who happened 
to be present : '■'■ One day three Indians came in. At a glance, it was seen 
that they were not of the common, skin-dressed, half wild and dirty class. 
They were a man. woman and daughter, and all wore a look of intelligence 
quite different from the generally dull aspect of their race. The man and 
woman were dressed mostly in the costume of white people, with some Indian 
mixed; but the girl, bright and pleisant-faced, and apparently about eight or 
ten years old, was wholly in Indian dress. One can form some tolerable idea 
of her appearance from the carved full-length figures sometimes found in front 
of tobacco and cigar shops in the cities. These are not always fancy figures, 
but taken from real life, though such are rarely, if ever, seen among Indians, 
as they travel from one part of the country to another. The girl was dressed 
as became the daughter of a chief. She was really a handsome girl. Her 
dress was entirely Indian, bright as was the expression of her face, tasteful, 
and yet not gaudy. She wore ornamented leggings and moccasins, and her 
whole appearance was that of a well-dressed Indian belle. 

" It was evident that these Indians were, as we said, not of the common 
order, and this fact excited more interest in us and Mr. and Mrs. Ford, no 
other persons being present, than was usually the case at that day, when the 
sight of native sons and daughters of the wild frontier was a common occur- 
rence. The three were entirely free from the dull, wary watchfulness of their 
kind, and, though somewhat reserved at first, were possessed of an easy dig- 
nity. They readily became cheerful, and, but for their light red color, would 
be taken for well-bred white people. T^ey were from Wisconsin and on their 
way West. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 435 

" We inquired their names. The father's Avas Nasinus. The name of the 
mother was a longer one and has escaped our memory. The name of the 
daughter was Anaraosa — pronounced, by the mother, An-a-mo-sah, as is the 
usual way, and corresponds to the Indian pronunciation of Sar-a-to-gah, the 
Saratoga of New York. When we asked the mother the name of her daugh- 
ter, the latter laughed the pleasant, half-bashful laugh of a young girl, showing 
she understood the question, but did not speak. This interview was decidedly 
agreeable all around. After more than an hour spent in conversation, having 
taken dinner, they departed on the milita"y road westward, leaving a pleasant 
impression behind them. 

" It occurred to us that the names of the father and daughter were suitable 
for new towns — in fact, infinitely preferable to repeating Washington and 
various others for the hundredth time. Unfortunately, we neglected to ascer- 
tain of them the meaning of their names ; but, some years later, Pratt R. Skin- 
ner removed here from Dubuque and established a land agency, subsequently a 
dry-goods store, under the firm of Skinner & Clark. Mr. Skinner had been 
engaged in government surveys in this part of Iowa, and was no stranger to 
the Indians and their languaore. He said the word Anamosa signified white 
fawn, and the probability of such being the case is natural enough, when we 
consider the Indian custom of naming persons from individual objects. 

"After Lexington had been platted on this spot and had become the county 
seat, we brought forward the subject of changing the name of the town, and 
thus avoiding the numerous delays and losses in mail matter, resulting from 
similarity of post-office name, almost every northern State having its Lexing- 
ton. Skinner and C. 0. Rockwell joined in the move, but, on consultation, 
the Board of County Commissioners concluded they had no power in the prem- 
ises, and that it was the province of the District Court. At the first session of 
that Court held in Lexington, a petition, gotten up mainly by Skinner and 
Rockwell, was presented. Judge Wilson assented, and since then the town has 
borne the name of Anamosa." 

INCORPORATION. 

In the early part of 1854, a petition was presented to the County Judge of 
Jones County, requesting the appointment of an election to decide whether or 
not Anamosa should become an incorporated town. The Judge granted the 
petition, and named May 1, 1854, as the day on which said election should 
be held, and at which election persons residing in the platted village of Ana- 
raosa should be electors. The result was in favor of an incorporation. 

A second election was ordered to be held in the Court House of Anamosa 
on the 27th of May following, to choose five persons who should prepare a 
charter for the proposed town. This election resulted in the choice of C. L. 
D. Crockwell, D. Kinert, P. R. Skinner, S. T. Pierce and Joseph Dimmitt. 

The charter was not submitted for adoption for almost two years, being 
adopted March 11>, 1856, and submitted for the consideration of the County 
Judge. By him the first election was immediately ordered, resulting in the 
choice of William T. Shaw, Mayor; C. C. Peet, Recorder, and G. W. Keller, 
Josepli Mann, S. T. Buxton and H. C. Metcalf, Councilmen. 

Anamosa was divided into Avards and declared organized as a city February 
6, 1872, by the Town Council. This organization was completed by the first 
city election held March 4, 1872, when two Councilmen were elected from 
each ward. 



436 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



THE PRESS. 

No better index to the state of society or the thrift of a community 
can be found than the press it supports. Decide the question as you may. 
whether the press is the power behind the throne, or simply the mirror of 
public thought, the newspaper does not thrive in a virgin soil, but prospers 
only in a cultivated garden. The press of Anamosa and of other towns of the 
county show the people of Jones to be not one whit behind the standard which 
culture would demand in the support of the ncAVspapers. 

The first news sheet issued iri Jones County was called the Anamosa News, 
started by William Haddock in February, 1852. He purchased an old press 
and type in Wisconsin, paying therefor |5300. In 1856, he sold the affair to 
Nathan G. Sales, who conducted the sheet in such a manner as to pique the 
Republicans of Anamosa and surrounding country ; whereupon, some of the 
more vengeful and enterprising spirits determined to have an organ of their 
own. J. E. Lovejoy, of Scotch Grove Township, brother of Owen Lovejoy, 
being a practical printer, talked of selling his farm and starting a paper. It 
Avas likewise one of the ambitions of C. L. D. Crockwell to be the proprietor 
of a journal. They entered into partnership, Lovejoy making out a list of 
types and machinery needed, and sending to Cincinnati for the same. Crock- 
well became security for the payment of purchase money. 

The first issue of the paper came out in August, 1856. After three issues, 
Lovejoy, not enjoying the hardships and labor connected with journalism on 
the border, and owing to sickness in his family, returned to his fiirm, leaving 
the entire affair on Crockwell's hands. The latter was a druggist, and had 
but little time or inclination to devote to editorial duties. He therefore asked 
Mr. Edmund Booth to contribute editorials to the young enterprise, which he 
•did for some months. Matt Parrott, now State binder and publisher of the 
Iowa State Reporter at Waterloo, bought an interest in the paper in January, 

1858. May 3 of the same year, found the journal, Avhich was called the 
JJureka, under the ownership of Crockwell, Parrott &; Booth. June 28, 

1859, Crockwell retired, and December 12, 1862, Edmund Booth became sole 
owner of the paper. His son, T. E. Booth, was received into partnership 
October 10, 1867, and for the past twelve years the Eureka has had a pros- 
perous existence under the proprietorship of E. Booth & Son. 

It was the original purpose to call the paper the Free Soiler, and such 
was the name in the first prospectus, that being the time of the Free-Soil move- 
ment. CrockAvell, however, who delighted in oddities, gave it the name it still 
wears — Eureka (I have found it). The journal was first issued in the first brick 
building erected in Anamosa, being only one story high, fifteen feet square, 
built for a physician's office. It has since occupied quarters in the brick build- 
ings of S. T. Buxton, H. C. Metcalf, and for the past nine years has found a 
home on the second floor of the building on the corner of Ford and Main streets, 
built by E. Booth & Son for the purpose. 

The original size of the .Eureka was a seven-column folio, which was enlarged 
to eight columns in October, 1866, at which time the office purchased a Hoe 
power-press, the first power-press for a country office in this part of the State. 
Edmuml Booth continues political editor of the sheet, which has ever been 
Republican. T. E. Booth cares for the local page and attends to the business 
affairs connected with the office. The circulation is now 1,500. 

It may not be amiss to state in this connection that J. E. Lovejoy, the first 
proprietor of the Eureka, was brother to the celebrated Owen Lovejoy, of 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 437 

Illinois, and likewise brother of Elijah P. Lovejoy, who was killed by a mob at 
Alton, III, in 1838. 

George H. Walworth, a brother-in-law of Edmund Booth, was one of the 
defenders of Elijah P. Lovejoy, and was in the building when Lovejoy was shot. 
Mr. Walworth was elected to the Iowa Legislature in 1839, for Jones and Cedar 
Counties, and after Jones was entitled to a Representative, Walworth repre- 
sented the county for two or three terms. He afterward went South and was 
killed by an accident. Mr. Walworth was a man of fine abilities and remark- 
able personal attractions, and was noted for his energy and enterprise. 

Anamosa Journal. — The organ of the Democratic party at the county seat 
of Jones, is a seven-column folio weekly paper, published every Thursday and 
entitled the Anamosa Journal. This paper was established in the year 1872, by 
one A. L. Smith as editor and proprietor. Under the management of Smith, 
the enterprise seems not to have proved a success, and, on the 1st of January, 
1874, it passed into the hands of P. D. Swigart. On the 7th day of the same 
month, a half-interest was sold to J. M. Swigart, and the publication continued 
under the firm name of Swigart Bros., until the 29th of June, 1874, when J M. 
Swigart disposed of his interest to C. H. Monger, the firm changing to Monger 
& Swigart. On the 1st of August in the same year, J. A. Monger purchased 
the interest of Swigart and the firm changed to Monger Bros. J. A. Monger 
continued as one of the proprietors for a year, when the Journal passed into the 
hands of C. H. Monger, sole editor and proprietor from that time to the present. 

The real prosperity of the Journal may be said to date from the time it 
passed under the management of C. H. Monger. The parties connected Avith 
the paper prior to that time were not educated to journalism and were not well 
calculated to succeed in such an enterprise. Mr. C. H. Monger had been some- 
what educated to the newspaper business before he came to Jones County, and 
his success is in a measure due to that fact. 

The political complexion of the Journal, as has been indicated, has been 
throughout unhesitatingly Democratic. Mr. Monger, by birth and education, 
possesses the qualifications essential to the publication of a Democratic journal. 
He is not a Democrat from choice but by nature, and he engages in the work of 
his hand with all the ardor of his soul. 

The policy of the Journal, under its present management, has been decid- 
edly aggressive and outspoken. No one can be at a loss to know on which side 
of all public questions the Journal stands. What can be said of the independ- 
ence of the Journal on political questions, may likewise be said in reference 
to all social questions. Under the management of Mr. Monger, the Journal 
has steadily increased its patronage and has a large circulation. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

March 25, 1859, a petition, signed by ten voters of the town of Anamosa, 
was presented to the Town Council praying an election to be held in said town 
to decide whether the corporation and territory adjoining, which had previously 
been attached for school purposes, should become a separate and independent 
district in accordance with certain powers conferred by the State Board of 
Education during the previous year. 

In answer to this petition, the Mayor, by order of the Council, proclaimed 
an election, to be held on the second Monday of April following, to decide the 
matter. In this election an unanimous vote of seventy ballots was cast in favor 
of a separate district. 



438 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

The first Board was elected April 19, 1859, and was composed of William 
T. Shaw, President; J. S. Dimmitt, Vice President; J. J. Dickenson, Secre- 
tary ; Israel Fisher, R. S. Hadley, R. Crane and David Graham, Directors. 

There were at that time five teachers employed in the district. During the 
summer of 1859, school was kept in what was known as the '' Brick School- 
house " and the United Brethren Church — two teachers in each. The schools 
were kept in session forty-four weeks out of fifty-two, and the school year was 
divided into a summer and winter term of twenty-two weeks each. 

The old schoolhouse, in what was known as the Belknap District, was at 
once sold by the new Board to Adam Snyder for ^130. In the winter of 1859— 
60, the M. E. Church was rented for school purposes. In the summer of 
1861, St. ^Marks' Episcopal and the Congregational Ciiurches were rented by 
the district. In these buildings and other rented rooms the public schools were 
kept until the erection of the present school building. The site of this structure, 
which is commonly called the Graded School, was purchased in the spring of 
1861 of Burton Peet, being two and a half acres of the northeast corner of Sec- 
tion 10, in Fairview Township. In April, 1861, bids were received for the 
erection of a building in accordance with the specifications and plans already 
prepared. Two bids were presented only — E. C. Holt, .^4,600. and Alonzo 
Spaulding §4,-1:75. The latter was awarded the contract, and in June a tax of 
five mills was levied toward meeting the wants of the building fund. The 
house was not completed until the winter of 1862-63, and, when plastered and 
furnished, cost almost double the original bid. 

An addition was made to the building in 1872, to defray the expenses of 
which bonds of the district were voted to the amount of 85.0')0, being five 
$1,000 bonds due in one, two, three, four and five years. The addition was not 
built by single contract. 

To accommodate pupils in that portion of the district, a schoolhouse was 
erected in the summer of 1867, in the direction of the stone-quarry. This was 
burned in 1871 by a fire originating from a locomotive, and sweeping through 
the timber in which the schoolhouse was located. A new building was imme- 
diately erected at a cost of $1,000. 

In April, 1877, that portion of the Independent District south of the Wap- 
sipinicon was set off to the Fairview District, the river being declared a legal 
obstruction, preventing the attendance of children from the opposite side. 

April 8, 1872, the Independent District of Strawberry Hill was separated 
from the Independent District of Anamosa by a vote of the electors of the for- 
mer corporation. The vote stood 23 to 2 in favor of a district organization. 

A course of study was formally adopted in 1874, arranging for a high 
school department of three years. At that time, there was an indebtedness of 
$6,500 hanging over the district, which has all been since removed. 

The present schools of Anamosa comprise the Quarry School, which is not 
graded, and is in every respect a country school, save that it is under city gov- 
ernment, and the Graded School, which includes seven departments. This two- 
story brick building occupies a conspicuous location, and is a comfortable 
habitation for the rising generation of the city. The school year now com- 
prises nine months, usually beginning in September. 

The report for the term ending June 20, 1879, shows : Total enrollment, 
367 ; average attendance, 284 : per cent of attendance. 92. The teachers 
elect with tiieir salaries are: Principal, Park Hill, $JO0 per year ; .Vssistant 
Principal, Mrs. L. M. Noble, $40 per month ; Room 2, Miss M. Scroggs. $30 
per month ; Room 3, Miss S. L. Cunningham, $30 per month ; Room 4, Miss 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 439 

Jalia Foos, $30 per month ; Room 5, Miss Ella Foos, $30 per month ; Room 6, 
Miss J. Chapman, $30 per month ; Room 7, Miss Abbie Porter, |30 per 
month ; Quarry School, Miss Nellie Beardsley, $30 per month. 

The present Board of Directors : I. H. Brasted, President ; J. C. Dietz, 
Secretary ; T. W. Shapley, Treasurer : L. J. Adair, J. S. Stacy, B. Huggins, 
James Lister, Linus Pitcher. 

CHURCHES. 

First Congregational Church of Anamosa. — About the year 1840, Rev. 
Thomas Emerson commenced special Christian labor in what was then known 
as '' Big Woods," which included the whole of Fairview Township and also 
Greenfield and Rome Townships. His labors, though brief, were attended with 
some success, and after his departure to another State (Missouri), Rev. Mr. 
Rankin secured the names of a few persons with a view of organizing a Christian 
Church, but finding the project beset with many difficulties, he left it unaccom- 
plished. Soon after this, about the year 1844, Rev. E. Alden, Jr., succeeded 
in gatherino; and oro-anizino; a small Congreo-ational Church in Rome, which 

o o -r> ■ ft, • O 

is thought to be the first Church organizetion in the county. But it was ot bi'iet 
duration. Discordant elements began to work, and the Church was dissolved 
early in 1846. In the spring of that year, Rev. Alfred Wright visited Big 
Woods as a missionary, and, in September following, removed to Anamosa, or 
to what was then known as Lexington. He labored here to impress upon the 
scattered Christians the need of a church organization, and, on the 14th of 
November, 1846, Samuel Hillis and wife. Solomon Hester and wife, Mrs. Mar- 
garet Hester and Mrs. L. C. Wright met to consider the importance of such a 
step. 

After prayer and due deliberation, it was unanimously decided that a Con- 
gregational organization should be effected. 

Samuel E. Ellis was then elected Deacon, and, on the following Sabbath, 
the members adopted the Articles of Faith as drawn up and adopted by the Gen- 
eral Association of Iowa, together with a church covenant chosen for the occa- 
sion, and Brother Samuel E. Ellis was set apart by prayer and consecration to 
the office of Deacon. Mr. Wright continued his labors here until the fall of 

1853, a period of about seven and a half years, his Church then numbering 
eighty-two members. 

In 1851, a frame house of worship was erected a little outside and east of 
what was then the business portion of the town. The building is now used as 
a tin-shop, and stands on the north side, and just in the angle of Main street, 
in the western part of the town. This church edifice was probably the first 
erected in the county. It was neatly painted white, and comfortably seated 
with solid oak pews. In the latter part of 1853, or early in 1854, Father 
Wright removed to Quasqueton, Buchanan County. 

In 1853, the name of the church was changed to the '' First Congrega- 
tional Church of Anamosa." Mr. Wright was succeeded in the spring of 

1854, by Rev. E. 0. Bennett, who remained here but six months. He was 
followed by Rev. H. W. Strong, who began his labors on the 1st of January, 

1855, and continued the same length of time. On the 1st of June, 1855, 
Rev. S. P. La Dou commenced labor here and remained one year. 

December 1, 1856, Rev. Samuel A. Benton entered upon the field and 
ministered to the Church during a period of five years, at the close of which 
he left, and was appointed Chaplain in the Fourteenth Iowa Volunteers, under 



440 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Col. W. T. Shaw. Mr. Benton served but six months, when his health failed, 
and he returned to his home. During his last year as Pastor (1861), the 
present house of worship, then the most commodious in the town, was built, 
and during his ministry forty-nine were added to the Church. 

June 1, 1862, Rev. 0. W. Merrill was called to the pastorate of the 
Church, and continued his labors for four years as stated supply. On the 20th 
of June, 1866, he was installed as settled Pastor, and continued this relation 
until June, 1870, when, by his own request, and by advice of Council, he was 
dismissed to act as Superintendent of Missions for I^ebraska ; a position to 
which he was called by the American Home Missionary Society. During his 
ministry, a debt of over $700 was paid, the house seated at a cost of $500, a 
spiro erected and a bell purchased at a cost of $700, an organ purchased and 
the house carpeted. From dependence on the Home Missionary Society for 
aid in supporting the pulpit, the Church became self-sustaining. In the eight 
years of his ministry, eighty-five were added to the Church. The working 
ability of the Church was more than doubled, as was also its average Sabbath 
congregation. 

Rev. 0.- W. Merrill died at Lincoln, Neb., in the month of March, 1874. 
He was much beloved for his genial character as a friend, and for the higher 
qualities of a noble manhood and a consistent Christian. 

In June, 1870, Rev. William Patton was chosen to fill the pulpit as stated 
supply, and preached during a period of three months. 

In 1871, Rev. R. M. Sawyer began his ministerial labors, and remained 
with the Church one year. 

September 1, 1872, Rev. J. B. Fiske commenced his ministerial labors, and 
still continues', to the full satisfa(;tion of his parishioners. 

M. E. Ohurch. — When Iowa was still a wilderness, the Methodists com- 
menced promulgating their doctrines, and the Iowa Conference established 
what was known as the Anamosa Circuit in the year 1849, and the Rev. Mr. 
Vail was sent to sow the good seed. Mr. Vail was succeeded by the Rev. 
Harvey Taylor in the fall of 1850, The population of the circuit at that time 
was small, but a class often persons was formed at Anamosa in the year 1851, 
and in February of the same year a church society was organized. For four or 
five years, the regular services of the Church were held in the Court House. 
After that the public schoolhouse was occupied for a time, and then the church 
edifice of the United Brethren. In the year 1865, it was determined by 
the society to build a church of their own. The necessary funds were sub- 
scribed, when a difficulty arose in regard to the location of the church building, 
which resulted in the withdrawal of about a third of the subscriptions and sev- 
eral of the members. Those who withdrew formed themselves into a society 
called the Protestant Methodist Church, which organization lasted but for a 
short time, dying for lack of support. 

The building of the church progressed, however, and at the time of the ded- 
ication, in December, 1865, there was a debt of $2,500. This debt has since 
been paid, and the society now owns its own parsonage, and is in a very pros- 
perous condition, having a debt of less than $200. The society owns other 
landed estate to the amount of about $800. 

The first attempt at building a church was in 1851, but the money was 
finally expended in building a parsonage. A debt of some $200 was incurred, 
which ran along for a number of years, when the society was obliged to sell the 
parsonage. After paying the debts of the society, a balance of about $100 
remained, and the old Congregational Church was purchased, which served as 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 441 

a place of worship until the present edifice was erected. The first class organ- 
ized, as mentioned before, in 1851, consisted often persons. The first church 
record having been lost or destroyed, the historian is under obligations to Mr. 
D. Cunningham for the names, which are as follows : Oliver Lockwood and 
Rebecca, his wife; Mr. Sedlers ; C. L. D. Crockwell and Mary, his wife; Mary 
Bass ; D. Cunningham and Sarah, his wife, and Mr. Vail and wife. From this 
beginning, the Church has grown, through many very severe trials, to its pres- 
ent proportions, having a membership at this time, August, 1879, of 230, with 
a large and prosperous Sabbath school. 

The following are the names of the Pastors who have ministered to the 
spiritual wants of the society : Revs. Mr. Vail, Harvey Taylor, A. B. Kendig, 
A. Carey, G. H. Jamison, Otis Daggett, George Larkins, Isaac Soule, A. 
Bronson, F. C. Wolfe, A. Hill, A. H. Ames, U. Eberhart, Bishop Isbell, E. 
D. Rosa, E. W. Jeffries, S. H. Henderson, Wm. Fawcett, Wm. Lease, J. B. 
Casebeer, S. H. Church, John BoAvman and J. M. Leonard, the present Pastor. 

Protestant Methodist. — This Church seceded from the Methodist Episcopal 
Church at Anamosa in 1865, in consequence of a dispute in regard to the site 
of the new M. E. Church and other things, among them a feeling brought on by 
the war. Seven members, who were the leaders in the organization, bought the 
old M. E. Church building, and in it they worshiped. These members were Noah 
Hutchins, James L. Brown, John S. Belknap, Burrill Huggins, Joseph Moore, 
Samuel Brunskill and L. Belknap. They continued to hold services, although 
never incorporated as a society, until about the 1st of September, 1871, when 
they disbanded. The ministers who preached during their continuance were 
James Abbott and W. C. Beardsley. 

Catholic Church. — When this western country was all a vast mission of the 
Catholic Church, occasional meetings were held wherever the priests could 
gather their congregations. We have no records of services of this denom- 
ination at Anamosa prior to 1857, at which time a mission station was 
established with this town as its head, the station at that time embracing a 
very large circuit, as the following towns were all included in the work : 
Anamosa, Castle Grove, Langworthy, Wyoming, Monticello, Fairview, Cass, 
Madison and the Buffalo Creek country. Meetings were held in the old Court 
House until the first church of this denomination was completed here in 1861. 
It was dedicated with considerable ceremony by Bishop Smith, assisted by sev- 
eral of the clergy. This church is a very neat, red-brick structure, and when 
dedicated was entirely paid for. It was built in the following manner : A num- 
ber of the members of the Church got together, dug the foundation, and after 
this work was completed, quarried the stone, and, with their own teams, hauled 
ic and laid it in position, not hiring any help. The lime was contributed, and 
all the money used was $100, donated by Mr. P. Flannery, who was at that 
time in the army and died there. This money was used to buy brick. 

The church continued to be in the mission until 1865, when Father 
McLaughlin was first stationed here as the settled priest, and regular services 
have since that time been held in Anamosa. The circuit now comprises only 
this town and the Buffalo Creek country. 

At the time the first service was held here in 1857, the congregation num- 
bered less than fifty persons, including the following, with their families : John 
Flemming, Thomas Holt, Thomas English, J. Murphy, J. Connery, John 
Hayes, M. Doyle and James Spellman. 

In 1874, this conorreoration built another church, havino; found the old struct- 
ure too small for their needs. This new church is near the old one, and is quite 



442 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

an imposing structure, being 90x46 feet, and built of the limestone found 
in this vicinity. The cost was ^10,000. 

The following priests have ministered to this congregation, commencing with 
the mission station in 1857 : Rev. Fathers Slatery, 0' Conner, Gellestry, Cun- 
ningliam, McLaughlin, Cannon, Shields, Lowery and Father Maher, the pres- 
ent incumbent, who has been with this people for ten years. 

The Church is now entirely out of debt, and the congregation is large and 
influential. Among the members are some of the best citizens of the town 
and country. 

St. Mark's Church. — August 14, 1859, the Eighth Sunday after Trinity, 
a parish Avas organized in Anamosa, Jones County, Iowa, under the name of 
St. Mark's, by the Rev. Walter F. Lloyd. 

On Wednesday, March 15, 1860, after Morning Prayer and sermon, the 
corner-stone of St. Mark's Church was laid by Rev. Walter F. Lloyd. 

July 20, 1860, Friday, St. Mark's Church was opened for Divine service. 
Rev. W. F. Lloyd read Prayers. Bishop Lee preached, administered the sacred 
rite of Confirmation and the Sacrament of the Holy Communion. 

The following Vestrymen were elected at the organization: C. W. Laing, 
E. H. Sherman, A. H. Peaslee, J. S. Dimmitt, E. Blakeslee, Bedford Fisher, 
William R. Locke, Matt. Parrott and John J. Welsh. 

The following Rectors have served the interests of the Church : Revs. W. F. 
Lloyd, John H. Eddy, Hale Townsend, Ezra Isaacs, William Campbell, Robert 
Trewartha and the present Rector — Rev. J. I. Corby n. 

Preshj/tei-ian Church. — The First Presbyterian Church of Anamosa w 
organized September 20, A. D. 1868, by a Committee of the Presbytery of 
Dubuque, appointed for that purpose, consisting of Rev. James McKean and 
Rev. J. L. Wilson and Rulino; Elder S. F. Glenn. Those uniting in the organi- 
zation were as follows : John McKean, Nancy A. McKean, Mrs. Pamelia 
Yule and her two daughters, Arvilla Yule and A. Y'ule, Mrs. J. H. Fisher 
and Mrs. D, C. Tice. John McKean was duly elected Ruling Elder of 
the Church, and installed according to the usages of the Presbyterian 
Church. The meeting was held in the Baptist Church edifice. Rev. Jerome 
Allen was present and, by request, preached in the morning : Rev. J. L. Wil- 
son in the evening. Rev. Jerome Allen supplied the Church temporarily with 
preaching during the fiill and following winter. The first regiilar stated sup- 
ply was Rev. Blooaifield Wall, a laborious and faithful minister, who remained 
with the Church for one year from August 1, 1869. During this year, the 
Church grew considerably in numbers, worshiping in what was then the court- 
room, where is now (1879) Miller's photograph-rooms. 

Rev. Mr. Wall being removed at the close of the first year to the southern 
portion of the State, the Church was left vacant and remained so until 1871, 
when the Church secured, in connection with the then Presbyterian Church of 
Wayne, the labors of Rev. J. Nesbitt Wilson for the three successive years. 
After this time, up to the spring of 1878, the Church, although now left desti- 
tute of stated preaching, was supplied about once a month by Rev. H. L. 
Stanley, the able and accomplished Pastor at Wheatland, Iowa. During these 
years, the times were hard, emigration was against the Church, several of the 
most efficient members removing, and death thinned the ranks by the loss of 
several of the most pious and devoted members — the beloved Mrs. Ditto, 
Mrs. Pamelia Yule and the accomplished Capt. F. C. McKean being of the 
number. Notwithstanding seemingly discouraging circumstances, the members 
seemed generally to cling with more tenacity to the faith so true to Christ and 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 443 

the principles of representative republican church government, embraced in its 
order, as distinguished from absolute democracy on the one hand and the rule 
of a hierarchy on the other. 

A Sabbath school has always existed in connection with the Church from 
the first pastorate of Rev. Mr. Wall, and weekly prayer-meetings upheld. 

In the spring of 1878, having no house of worship, on invitation of the 
citizens of Strawberry Hill, the place of worship was removed to Strawberry 
Hill Schoolhouse, where services were held until the completion of the church 
building, November 17, 1878. 

As a preparatory step to the erection of a church building, on May 5, 1878, 
Articles of Incorporation were adopted in due legal form, under the name and 
style of "The First Presbyterian Church of Anamosa." They were signed 
and acknowledged by the following persons : William T. Shaw, Joseph Wood, 
John McKean, Albert Higby, B. F. Smith, Abraham Everett and Eugene 
Carr. 

The first Board of Trustees were John McKean, Joseph Wood, Albert 
Higby, B. F. Smith and B. G. Yule, of whom Judge McKean was elected 
President and Albert Higby, Secretary, with Joseph Wood, Treasurer. Col. Will- 
iam T. Shaw had most generously donated to the Church, for its use for building 
purposes, one-half of a block of lots. The Church at once prepared to erect 
a building. The contract was let to Messrs. Parsons & Foley, of Anamosa, on 
July 1, 1878, and the corner-stone laid shortly afterward by the Rev. Daniel 
Russell. The building was dedicated, free of debt, Nov. 17, 1878, just four 
months afterward, complete and finished, which speaks well for the contractors, 
the Church and the generous-hearted citizens who so liberally aided by their 
funds and sympathy. 

The building is of brick, 28x48 feet, with ornate tower 10x10 feet, on the 
northeast corner, about sixty feet high. The stone work is of the finest Ana- 
mosa limestone, with which the building is elegantly trimmed. The style of 
the architecture is Gothic. The grounds are fenced and ornamented with 
walks and trees, tastefully arranged under the supervision of Joseph Wood. 
The bricks were selected by B. F. Smith from his kilns on Strawberry Hill, 
Col. Shaw aided much by his judgment in building matters. 

The dedication sermon was preached by Rev. A. S. Marshall, of Marion, 
and was an able discourse. 

The funds necessary to meet all indebtedness were raised at that time. The 
Church now seems to be in a fair way to prosper, for which the members and 
friends of the congregation are grateful, under the able pastoral care of Rev. 
Daniel Russell. 

The Church is the youngest of the sister Churches of Anamosa, and has 
received much encouragement and sympathy from them in the passing years. 

The Sabbath school has been under the superintendency of the following 
persons : Capt. Francis C. McKean, Dr. Alex. McKean and John McKean, 
assisted by B. G. Yule, Calvin Hazlett and M. Wood. 

Mrs. D. C. Tice, Miss Martha Allen and Miss Gertie Reece have presided 
at the organ in church and Sunday school. 

No member of this Church, during its existence, has ever been suspended 
or expelled by the Session. 

All who have died, so far as known, have departed in the glorious hope of 
life and immortality through Christ, our risen Lord and Savior. 

Baptist Church. — The Anamosa Baptist Church society was organized 
June 26, 1858, with seven members, as follows: E. B. Alderman, Lydia A. 



444 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Alderman, Eliplilet Kimball, Mary E. Kimball, Jane Trester, Mary Baker 
and Anganet Swazee. 

July ol of the same year, Lavina Burlingham and Anna Saxby were 
admitted to membership. Rev. N. B. Homan was the first Pastor. 

The whole number received up to September 1, 1879, is 196 ; number of 
members at tiiat time, 88. 

In 1868, the society erected a good and substantial church edifice, situated 
on Garnavillo street, north of Main. The dedicatory services were on Sunday, 
the 1st of March of the year 1868. The cost of the building together with the 
lot, was $5,725, and remaining unpaid at the time of dedication, $2,155.15. 

The dedicatory sermon was preached by the Rev. N. F. Ravlin, of Chicago, 
services being held morning and evening. The total amount subscribed during 
the two services was $2,547, the whole amount of the debt, leaving a balance to 
the credit of the society. 

The Rev. L. T. Bush is now supplying the pulpit with a view to locate as 
Pastor of the church. 

Present officers : H. M. Remley, Clerk ; I. H. Brasted, Treasurer; Trustees: 
H. W. Sigworth, John Rhodes and W. D. Litzenberg ; Deacons, C. W. Coe 
and John Stewart. 

In May, 1867, this society organized a Sabbath school, and E. B. Alder- 
man was elected Superintendent, and served in that capacity for three 3'ears. 
H. M. Remley was next elected, and served three years. C. W. Coe was next 
elected, and served three years. H. M. Remley was next elected, and served 
three 3'ears. John Stewart was elected in 1879, and is the present incumbent 
of tlie office. There are fourteen officers and teachers, and an enrollment of 
seventy-six scholars. Contributions for the las.t year, $58.80. The school is 
in a flourishing condition. 

FIRST BURIAL IN THE ANAMOSA CEMETERY. 

The first person buried in what is now the Anamosa Cemetery, was a child 
of John Leonard. Leonard's home was at Fairview, but he was working for 
some person in Anamosa (then Lexington), and his family was with him. His 
child died, and as there was no regular burying-ground, those who had pre- 
viously died were buried on the hillside back of what is now the dwelling of 
Matthews & Son, and back of the Midland Railroad track. The child was 
buried on the hill, and among the few scattered trees overlooking the Wapsie. 
All who died here in the years that followed were buried on the same hill, and, 
finally, in the year 1854 or 1855, the ground, which was the property of Mr. 
G. H. Ford, was laid out into burial lots. The ground, as stated elsewhere, 
was purchased by the Anamosa Cemetery Association. 

ANAMOSA CEMETERY ASSOCIATION. 

Pursuant to adjournment, the citizens of Anamosa convened at the Metho- 
dist Church on the evening of the 11th of May, 1863, for the purpose of com- 
pleting the above organization, G. W. Field, Esq., in the chair. C. R. Scott 
was made Secretary of the meeting. 

The Committee appointed at a previous meeting to draft Articles of Incorpo- 
ration, made a report through W. G. Hammond, Esq., Chairman of the Com- 
mittee, which report was received and the Committee discharged. The Articles 
of Incorporation were, on motion, adopted seriatim^ and signed by E. B. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 445 

Alderman, J. E. Friend, A. Spalding, D. Kinert, S. G. Matson, J. J. Dickin- 
son, George W. Field, W. G. Hammond, H. L. Palmer, S. A. Pope, Jacob 
Gerber and C. R. Scott as corporators. 

The Committee appointed on Cemetery Grounds, through J. J. Dickinson, 
Esq., reported progress, and the Committee continued under former instructions. 

On motion, the Association proceeded to elect nine Trustees for the ensu- 
ing year. E. B. Alderman, W. G. Hammond, Alonzo Spalding, J. J. Dick- 
inson, Israel Fisher, G. P. Dietz, J. E. Friend, C. R. Scott and G. W. Field 
were duly elected Trustees of the corporation. 

G. W. Field, W. G. Hammond and C. R. Scott were appointed to draft 
by-laws for the government of the corporation. 

The Secretary and Treasurer were instructed to open books for sub- 
scriptions. 

The Association adjourned to meet again in one week. 

On the 12th of May, 1863, Articles of Incorporation were filed for record 
with the Recorder of Jones County, Iowa, at 12 o'clock, M., and recorded in 
Book 22 of Deeds, Page 123. 

Various propositions were received at diiferent times for the sale o^ land to 
the Association, but no purchase was made until the 11th of May, 1864, when 
the grounds known as the " old cemetery " were purchased from G 11. Ford, 
together with adjacent grounds, embracing in all about fifteen acres, situated 
west of the city, on an elevated portion of ground at the junction of Butfalo 
Creek with the Wapsipinicon River. The situation is decidedly beautiful and 
romantic. The purchase was made on three, six and nine years' time, at 8 
per cent, and the Association was made ready to make sales of the laid-out lots, 
and soon entered upon the work of laying out and improving the cemetery. 

In 1869, under the personal supervision of Mr. J. H. Fisher, the whole 
ground was inclosed with a strong, pine board fence, and a roadway thirty feet 
wide cut around, inside the fence. On the east side, a strip of ground some 
thirty feet wide and two hundred long, leading to the cemetery grounds proper, 
was inclosed in the same substantial fence, and at the entrance-way was made 
a handsome double gate, twelve feet wide. These gates are hinged to massive 
pillars, and are kept locked. The pillars are octagons, some thirty inches 
in diameter, eighteen feet high, and are connected at the top Avith a broad and 
tasty arch, supported on neat brackets, and faced with the inscription, " Ana- 
mosa Cemetery," in raised block letters. The whole is neatly painted, and 
presents a pleasing appearance. At the right of the gate as we approach, there 
are flights of steps on either side of the fence, for the convenience of pedes- 
trians. The whole expense, up to that time, for fencing, grading, etc., was 
§517. Of this amount, the Association paid $43.50 ; collected by subscrip- 
tions, $373.50; appropriated by the Town Council, $100; total, $517. 

Since that time, the Association has, from time to time, made various 
improvements, and the city of Anamosa thereby has a most delightful spot for 
a burying-ground. 

The present officers of the Association are : Directors, Messrs. Needham, 
Foxall, Schoonover, Heitchen, Shaw, Harvey, Peet and Newman ; W. T. Shaw, 
President ; A. Heitchen, Secretary ; L. Schoonover, Treasurer, and George 
Bemrose, Sexton. 

ST. Patrick's literary and benevolent society. 

The above organization was chartered under the corporation laws of the 
State, on the 2d of March, 1861. A meeting for the purpose of organizing the 



446 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Society was held some time previous, and Timothy Flaherty and Thomas Foarde 
were appointed a Committee to provide a Constitution and By-Laws for the gov- 
ernment of the Society. The report of the Committee was made and adopted, 
in due course of time. 

The following is the preamble of the Constitution, and it gives expression 
to the objects of the association : 

" Deeply impressed with the necessity of making provisions against the mis- 
fortunes and calamities to which the mutability of everything earthly renders 
us liable, we conceive it a duty measurably incumbent upon us, to form our- 
selves into an association for the purpose of ameliorating — so far as ir is in the 
power of benevolence — the calamities by which we may be overtaken. Implor- 
ing the aid of Divine Providence to direct and guide us in our undertaking, 
we do hereby unite and associate, for the purpose of affording each other mutual 
assistance in the hour of adversity, of disease and of death. To accomplish 
the above design with order and regularity, we submit the following Constitu- 
tion and By-Laws for our regulation and government." 

The Constitution provides that the society shall be known as the " St. 
Patrick's Literary and Benevolent Society," and that the members shall be prac- 
tical Catholics only. The officers of the Society are a President, Vice President, 
Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Treasurer, Librarian, two Stewards and a Door- 
keeper, who are annually elected by ballot, at the stated meeting in March. 

The present officers of the Society are : Richard Welsh, President; M. 
McKeone, Secretary ; John McManns, Treasurer : Timothy Flaherty, Corres- 
ponding Secretary and Librarian. 

The Society has a circulating library of about eight hundred volumes, many 
of them good standard works. 

The best of harmony prevails among the members, and the Society is in a 
prosperous condition. 

WESTERN SICK BENEFIT ASSOCIATION. 

This Association was incorporated July 7, 1879, by B. F. Shaw, J. C. Dietz, 
T. W. Shapley and G. D. McKay. Its place of business is Anamosa, Iowa. 
Its purpose is to afford insurance upon the mutual plan, against disability 
by sickness or accident. No sickness or disability of less than one week receives 
any indemnity. No policy-holder receives pay for more than twelve consecu- 
tive weeks of sickness during one year. All policy-holders are divided into 
three classes. A, B, and C. The first class carry an insurance of $20 per week, 
the second of $10, the third of $5. The cost of insurance for the first year in 
each of these classes is $20.50, $10.50 and $6.50, respectively. After the first 
year, assessments are made in case of each loss. 

The plan of organization of the Association is to establish a division in all 
places where sufficient members reside to form a division. Each division shall 
choose five of their number as an Executive Committee, whose business it shall 
be to examine applications for insurance, decide upon eases of loss where doubt 
exists, and look after the division in their charge. Any male person between 
the ages of fifteen and fifty-five, who can present from a regular physician a 
certificate of perfect health may become a member. The Association has been 
organized but six weeks at this writing. It has met with one small loss. Divi- 
sions are about to be established at Davenport, Quincy, Keokuk and Burlington. 
The oflBcers are : B. F. Shaw, President ; J. C. Dietz, Vice President ; T. W. 
Shapley, Tresisurer ; G. D. McKay, Secretary ; M. L. Ross, Medical Director. 



i 



HISTORY OF JONKS COUNTY. 449 



ANAMOSA SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. 

A society denorainated the " Anamosa Scientific Association," was organ- 
ized in the fall of 1878, and conducted with success during the winter and 
spring months of 1878-79, and bids fair to become a permanent organization. 
It was organized by the election of Dr. J. R. McLean, President, and Dr. A. 
V. Eaton, Vice President and Secretary. These two gentlemen, with the addi- 
tion of Dr. E. W. Gawley, constitute an Executive Committee to supervise the 
conduct of the Association. 

The following are some of the subjects treated upon during the winter : 
Two evenings were devoted to Geology, under the leadership of Dr. A. V. 
Eaton ; two evenings to Fish Culture and its History, by Hon. B. F. Shaw ; 
one evening each to the Eye and Ear, by Dr. J. R. McLean ; one to Chemistry, 
by Dr. E. W. Gawley ; one evening to the subject of Diphtheria, by Dr. E. 
Blakslee and others ; one evening on the subject of Hygiene, by Dr. S. G. 
Matson ; two evenings on Heat and Ventilation, by Judge J. S. Stacy ; Pho- 
tography was treated of by Mr. Miller, and other topics were treated upon, 
proving both entertaining and profitable. 

Organizations of this character certainly ought to receive encouragement, 
as they furnish a means of disseminating useful knowledge. The " Inductive 
Philosophy" of Bacon is as true in the nineteenth century as it was in the 
sixteenth, and thought and investigation is the spirit of the age, and the man 
who does neither is not a proper factor in the nineteentli century. 

ANAMOSA ART ASSOCIATION. 

An Art Association was organized on the 8th of January, 1877, with 
the following officers and members: C. E. Littlefield, President; Mrs. J. 
S. Stacy, Vice President ; Miss Zeolia Harmon, Secretary ; Mrs. D. Mcparn, 
Treasurer. Members — Nellie Fowler, Nellie Clancy, Belle Prouse, Mrs. C. 
A. Lee, Burritt Needham. 

The object of the Association, as stated in the Constitution, is mutual aid 
in the study of art and aesthetic culture, the collection of art literature and 
such works of art or studies as might be deemed necessary for the progress of 
the society. The society has held its organization, but not in an active con- 
dition, the members pursuing their studies individually. 

The first collection of pictures was made the last of August, 1879, con- 
sisting of over 200 paintings and drawings. Mrs. D. McCarn, 23; Mrs. C. A. 
Lee, 21 ; Mrs. J. S. Stacy, 14 ; Mrs. Nellie Gawley, 5 ; Burritt Needham, G ; Miss 
Belle Prouse, 2 ; C. E. Littlefield, 8; Miss Tirza Holt, 13; Miss M. Blakeslee, 
2; Miss Lou Shaw, 15; Miss Nellie Clancy, 5; Miss Olive Shaw, 8. 

A number of paintings and drawings were not catalogued. 

At the request of the officers of the county fair at Monticello, and several 
of the citizens of Anamosa, a collection of 130 of the pictures was exhibited 
at the fair in September, 1879. 

SECRET SOCIETIES. 

Anamosa Lodge, No. 4,6, A., F. <f A. M. — This Lodge was instituted 
under a dispensation from the Grand Lodge of the State of Iowa, in the month 
of June, 1854, and, with the exception of Anamosa Lodge, No. 40, I. 0. 0. 

H 



■450 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

F., is the oldest secret society at the county seat. The dispensation was 
granted to E. H. Warren, Calvin Snow, A. J. Lewellen and others, and they 
were appointed to the offices W. M., S. W. and J. W. respectively, until a 
charter should be obtained and officers elected in due form. 

The charter was obtained, and on the 28th of July in the same year, the 
following officers were duly elected : E, H. Warren, W. M. ; A., J. Lewellen, 
S. W. ; J. H. Fisher, J. W. ; N. W. Stockhouse, Treasurer ; W. W. Wilson, 
Secretary. 

The following were the appointed officers : Calvin Snow, S. D. ; G. W. 
Fisher, J. D. ; R. F. Ringer, Tiler ; W. Burley and 0. Cronkhite, Stew'ards. 

There are at present ninety members. 

There have been ten deaths : A. B. Cummings, S. S. McDaniel, F. C. 
McKean, E. D. Rosa, Chauncy French, E. H. Warren, George B. Gavitt, 
David Stewart, N. H. Wood and J. H. Strode. 

The following are the present officers : Robert Dott, W. M. ; E. J. Wood, 
S. W. ; J. B. McQueen, J. W. ; L. Schoonover, Treasurer ; T. R. Ercan- 
Ibrack, Secretary; J. Heacock, S. D. ; James Lister, J. D. ; Mark Pell, 
Tiler; Mark Wetherell and H. Hollenbeck, Stewards. 

Royal Arch Masons, 3Iount Sinai Chapter, J^o. 66. — The idea of estab- 
lishing a Chapter of the Royal Arch Masons at Anamosa was first broached in 
the early part of the year 1872, and soon a petition was sent to the Grand 
High Priest for a dispensation, which was granted, and, on June 4 of that 
year, the Chapter was instituted. The charter members, numbering thirty-six, 
were as follows : T. R. Ercanbrack, J. D. Walworth, J. S. Belknap, Oscar 
Sherman, E. B. Alderman, R. McDaniel, L. Schoonover, Robert Dott, T. W. 
Shapley, William Lease, J. C. Dietz, John Wilson, Noah Hutchins, D. Stew- 
art, W. C. Hodgins, C. French, E. Bhikeslee, J. M. Canfield,^ G. B. Gavitt, 
S. C. Hall, W. W. Hollenbeck, F. E. Keyser, D. A. Peet, Charles Lewis, C. 
H. Lull, J. B. McQueen, F. C. McKean, John McKean, Alex. McKean, L. 
B. Parsons, J. A. Palmer, D. J. Stewart, F. H. Thompson, Wolfe Yehon, E. 
J. Wood and J. H. Williams. 

The first officers of the Chapter were as follows : T. R. Ercanbrack, High 
Priest: E. B. Alderman, King; R. McDaniel, Scribe; L. Schoonover, C. H.; 
Robert Dott, P. S.; T. W. Shapley, R. A. C; William Lease, G. M. Third 
v.; J. C. Dietz, G. M. Second V.; D. Stewart, G. M. First V., and Noah 
Hutchins, Sentinel. 

The present officers are : T. R. Ercanbrack, High Priest ; E. J. Wood, 
King ; C. H. Lull, Scribe ; D. A. Peet, Treasurer ; J. H. Chapman, Secre- 
tary ; L. Schoonover, C. H.; Robert Dott, P. S.; T. W. Shapley, R. A. C; 
J. B. McQueen, G. M. Third V.; A. A. M. Frost, G. M. Second V.; James 
Lister, G. M. First V.; Mark Pell, Sentinel. 

The representatives to the Grand Chapter have been T. R. Ercanbrack. E. 
B. Alderman, C. H. Lull and E. J. Wood. 

Death has visited the Chapter but three times in the eight years of its 
existence. Those Avho have gone to take their degrees in a higiier Lodge are 
David Stewart, C French and G. B. Gavitt, and the loss has been felt quite 
severely, as they were among the best workers of the Chapter. 

The total membership at this time (August, 1879,) is forty-three. Since 
its institution, but eighteen have been admitted. Eight have been dimitted, 
and have joined some other Chapter. 

Mount Olive Commanclery, Kniyhts Templar ( U. D). — Several of the 
members of Mount Sinai Chapter, No. 66, feeling that they wished to be 



HISTORY OF JONES COUxNTY. 451 

further advanced in the mysteries of masonry, resolved to establish a Command- 
ery, and accordingly made application to the Grand Commander of the Grand 
Commandery, State of Iowa, for a dispensation, which was granted them on 
May 31, 1879, and the following members were initiated and occupy the vari- 
ous offices of the Commandery in the order named : T. R. Ercanbrack, A. E. 
Martin, C. H. Lull, D. A. Peet, Lew Kinsey, L. Schoonover, T. W. Shap- 
ley, J. C. Dietz, E. J. Wood, John McKean, H. W. Sigworth, E. B. Alder- 
man, E. Blakeslee. 

The Commandery is now getting into working order, and has everythino- 
in readiness for its work, and the indications are lor one of the most prosperous 
commanderies in the State. 

Anamosa Lodge, No. 4.0, 1. 0. 0. F. — This Lodge is one of the oldest in 
this part of the State, and was instituted July 6, 1852. The charter members 
were: B. Beach, Pratt B. Skinner, S. J. Dunham, J. S. Dimmitt, J. W. 
Singer, Joseph Mann and H. C. Metcalf The charter members now living 
are Joseph Mann, Pratt R. Skinner and H. C. Metcalf The latter is still 
a member of Anamosa Lodge. There are seventy-one members at the present 
time, and the Lodge has initiated 237 persons since it was organized. 

The first officers were: John S. Dimmitt, N. G. ; Benj. Beach, V. G.; 
Pratt R. Skinner. Secretary ; J. W. Singer, Treasurer. 

The present officers are : Garrett Slingerland, N. G.; A. L. Eager, V. G.; 
John Morelnnd, R. S.; W. C. Monroe, P. S.: A. Ileitchen, Treasurer ; Samuel 
Tucker, W.; John Foxall, C; W. H. Symons, R. S. N. G.; D. M. Griffith^ 
L. S. N. G.; L. B. Peck, 0. G.; Frank Chapman, L G.: J. P. Scroggs, R. S. 
S.; H. H. Monroe, L. S. S.; W. H. Ostrander, R. S. V. G.; R. J. Kelsey, 
L. S. V. G. 

The Lodge owns its hall, Avhich is well furnished, and there is a fund of 
^1,500 at interest. The opportunities for benevolent purposes have been fre- 
quent, and the Lodge has always responded liberally. Her donation for out- 
side public charities has averaged ^50 per year, while the amount paid for the- 
relief of those who were members has been much larger ; in one instance, $5J> 
were paid for the care of a brother in a single Aveek. During the rebellion,, 
much aid was extended to the families rendered indigent by the war. The- 
members speak of the history of the Lodge Avith a degree of pride, and its long 
and continued prosperity is a just reason therefor. 

3IeDaniel Encampment, I. 0. 0. F. — The Encampment was instituted 
March 6, 1866, with eleven charter members. The number of members at 
present is forty-five. The present officers are : Garrett Slingerland, C. P. ; 
John Foxall, S. W. ; L. C. Aldrich, H. P. ; C. S. Cooper, J. W. ; W. C. 
Monroe, Scribe ; S. Needham, Treasurer ; William Dickerson, S. ; E. M. Har- 
vey, G. ; J. B. McQueen, First W. ; Samuel Tucker, Second W. ; W. L. 
Storey, Third W. ; L. B. Peck, Fourth W. 

Stella Lodge, No. 223, I. 0. 0. F.—ln 1871, Anamosa Lodge, No. 40. 
had grown to considerable proportions, and some of the members regarded the 
idea of another Lodge with favor, as such a large body could not get along as 
well as a smaller and more compact organization. With this feeling, they took 
their cards from the old Lodge, and applied for a dispensation, which was granted 
and charter issued. The Secretary's book, under date of May 1, 1871, says r 
" At the first slated meeting of Stella Lodge, held at their lodge-room in Ana- 
mosa, Iowa, the Lodge was called to order by D. D. G. M. George W. Condon, 
who duly installed said Stella Lodge. No. 223, I. 0. 0. F., pursuant to the laws 
and usages of the Order, with the following named brothers as charter members - 



452 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

J. C. Dietz, R. McDaniel, J. B. McQueen, D. J. Bissell, H. 0. Brown, Charles 
Lewis. James D. Perfect, John McKean, John T. Rigby, W. J. Sloan and A. 
S. Atkinson. After which, the following named officers were elected and installed : 
Noble Grand, J. C. Dietz ; Vice Grand, D. J. Bissell ; Secretary, R. McDaniel; 
Treasurer, J. S. Perfect." The Lodge immediately began work, and soon a fine 
organization was the result. Regalia and lodge-room furniture were purchased, 
and a neat lodge-room fitted up. The organization was always in a flourish- 
ing condition financially and otherwise; and, at the time of the Chicago fire, 
while many older Lodges sent small contributions, or none at all, this Lodge 
forwarded $60.20 to the sufferers. Of all the deeds of charity done by this 
Lodge, we cannot speak, but the records show many. How money was loaned 
to members who were in need of help (in many instances without interest), is 
all spread upon the records, and much honor is due the members for their prompt 
responses to calls for help. 

In 1877, the hall occupied by Stella Lodge, became too small for their needs, 
and, under date of November 20, 1877, we find upon the Secretary's book this 
motion : " Moved and carried that a committee of three be appointed to make 
some arrangements, or see what can be done in regard to renting or purchasing 
a lodge-room for the Lodge." From subsequent records, it appears that this 
committee did its work well, and it was acceptable to the society, as appears 
from the following, which is among the records of January 1, 1878 : " Moved 
and carried, that the Trustees of this Lodge be requested to sign the notes and 
other papers necessary for the purchase of a hall (known as Eureka Hall) from 
W. T. Shaw." The hall was then unfinished, and considerable time elapsed 
before it was finished in a condition to be occupied ; but, finally, everything was 
in readiness, and on the 1st of May, 1878, Stella Lodge was the proud possessor 
of as fine a lodge-room as was to be found in this section of Iowa. The total 
cost of hall and furnishings was nearly $1,500. 

The total membership at this time (August, 1 879), is eighty. Since the 
organization of the Lodge, seventy-nine members have been admitted, and seven 
have withdrawn. " Death loves a shining mark," and has taken three of the 
best of the members of Stella Lodge, namely, F. C. McKean, 0. B. Crane and 
G. B. Gavitt. 

The present elective officers are as follows : T. M. Belknap, N. G. ; J. B. 
McQueen, V. G. ; I. H. Brasted, Secretary ; A. V. Eaton, Permanent Secre- 
tary; S. Needham, Treasurer. 

A. 0. U. W., Anamosa Lodge^ No. 56, was organized March 14, 1876, by 
District Deputy Hey wood. The following were charter members : C. W. Coe, 
E. B. Alderman, R. A. Abell, William Stoddart, C. Hazlett, C. H. Bingham, 
J. W. Miller, J. S. Carter, R. L. Duer, J. V. Lewis, G. L. Yount. 

Number of members September 1, 1879, sixty-two. 

The Lodge is in a prosperous condition. There have been no deaths in this 
lodge. 

Anamosa Lodge, No. 317, I. 0. G. T. — This Lodge was instituted October 
24, 1865, W. S. Peters, of Dubuque, officiating, and included the following 
charter members : J. D. Walworth, H. T. Curry, H. L. Palmer, John McKean, 
J. A. Palmer, L. T. Wilcox, E. W. Jeffries, E.^M. Littlefield and G. L. Yount. 

H. T. Curry was chosen the first W. C. T. 

At the end of the first year, the Lodge included 143 members — ladies and 
gentlemen. 

At a meeting held in the court room February 15, 1870, it was resolved to 
surrender the charter of the Lodge. The Order then adjourned sine die, to 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 453 

come together on the call of seven members. The cause of Good Templars was 
neglected in Anamosa for several years. 

The Order, however, was revived in May, 1876, at which time meetings 
were commenced in Shaw's Block. There were present at the meeting for 
re-organization, J. H. Barnard, Mrs. S. Needham, Mrs. M. T. Higgins, H. 
M. Remley and T. E. Booth. The Lodge was soon fully equipped and placed in 
good running order. It has enjoyed a prosperous condition ever since its 
resuscitation, and is now composed of eighty-nine members in good standing. 
The temperate condition of the city of Anamosa speaks favorably of the influ- 
ence of this organization, which we believe is the only temperance society in the 
place. A Blue Ribbon Club was organized a year or two since, but proved 
short lived. The Order meets in the Odd Fellows' Hall. 

The present officers include T. E. Booth, W. C. T.; Miss Josie Chapman, 
W.V.T. ; G. A. Eldridge, Sec'y ; Miss Laura Monroe, W. F. S. ; Mrs. R. B. 
Condit, W. T. : Mrs. C. W. Coe, W. C. ; Frank Buxton, W. M. 

ANAMOSA DRIVING-PARK ASSOCIATION. 

The above Association was organized under the Corporation Laws of the 
State, on the 5th of August, 1879. 

The following is the published notice of incorporation : 

" First. The name of the corporation is the "Anamosa Driving Park Asso- 
ciation.' 

" Second. The general nature of the business of said Association is as fol- 
lows : The purchase, improvement and fitting up of grounds to be used for fairs, 
agricultural exhibitions, for the training of horses, and for the purpose of a 
driving-park generally, with power to lease said grounds for the above said pur- 
poses and such other uses as the Executive Committee may determine. 

"Third. The authorized capital stock of this Association is $3,000, with 
power to increase the same to $5,000, in shares of $25 each, payable on the call 
of the President. 

" Fourth. The time of commencement of said corporation is August 5, 1879, 
and the same is to continue for twenty years. 

" Fifth. The affairs of the Association shall be conducted by one President, 
one Vice President, one Secretary, one Treasurer and five Directors, which five 
Directors, together with President and Secretary, shall constitute an Executive 
Committee. All of said officers shall be elected by the stockholders of said 
Association on the first Monday in January of each year. 

" Sixth. The highest amount of indebtedness to which the corporation is at 
any one time to subject itself, is $500. 

" Seventh. The private property of the stockholders shall be exempt from 
the payment of corporation debts." 

The following are the officers : N. S. Noble. President ; J. P. Scroggs, Vice 
President; William Mclntyre, Secretary; L. Schoonover, Treasurer. 

Directors : George Waiters, L. N. Pitcher, Patrick Washington, John Foley 
and Samuel Tucker. 

WATER-WORKS. 

At the time Anamosa was equipped with a system of water-works (1875), it 
is said to have been the smallest city in the United States thus furnished. Pre- 
vious to the year mentioned, the city had no satisfactory protection against fires. 
Insurance rates were high in consequence, and a feeling of insecurity pervaded 



454 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

the ranks of the property-holders. It was the opinion of various enterprising 
spirits that it would be cheaper in the long run to have ample protection 
at once. The Anamosa Water-Works Company was accordingly incorporated 
February 20, 1875, by J. C. Dietz, C. H. Lull, N. S. Noble, B. F. Shaw, M. 
Heisey, T. AV. Shapley, J. G. McGuire, T. R. Ercanbrack, E. B. Alderman, 
H. C. Metcalf, J. H. Williams, Geo. Watters, E. Blakeslee and John Waiters. 

The capital stock of the Company was fixed at $10,0<)0, with the privilege 
of increasing to $20,000. April 26, 1875, was passed an ordinance by the City 
Council of Anamosa which was in substance a contract with the Water- Works 
Company granting to the latter the " exclusive privilege for twenty years, and 
an equal right with all others thereafter, of supplying the city of Anamosa with 
water to be taken from the Wapsipinicon River. The company was to put in 
three hydrants on Main street, at the corner of Garnavillo, Booth and Ford, and 
at any other points deemed advisable by the Company — there were to be five 
hydrants for the exclusive use of the city. In consideration thereof the city agreed, 
during the life of the franchise granted the Water- Works Company, to levy a tax 
of one-half of one per cent per annum upon all property located within 800 
feet of the public hydrants of said company, and also to supply sufficient hose 
to throw water 800 feet. The contract also specifies that the minimum amount 
of water Avhich shall be in the reservoir is 20,000 gallons. The paid-up capital 
stock of the Company is f 6,500. The Company has an indebtedness of $8,500, 
of which $6,000 is in ten-year bonds, drawing 10 per cent interest, and due in 
1885. The Company have preferred to incur this indebtedness rather than 
increase the capital stock, confident in their ability to pay off the indebtedness, 
and then have stock that is really valuable. The officers are : M. Heisey, 
President ; E. Blakeslee, Vice President ; J. C. Dietz, Secretary, and G. W. 
Russell, Treasurer. Directors — E. Blakeslee, II. C. Metcalf, E. C. Holt, M. 
Heisey, B. Huggins, J. C. Dietz and D. A. Peet. 

The works are built upon the Holly system with reservoir. The pumping 
engine is a thirty-six horse-power engine, and has a pumping capacity of 720 
gallons per minute. The engine room is located upon the Wapsipinicon. The 
reservoir is upon the hill between the main part of town and the river. It is 
built of brick, and has a capacity of 100,000 gallons. The engine is ordina- 
rily in use about three times per week, and is not kept in motion more than three 
or four hours at a time. The reservoir being seventy-five feet above Main street, 
the pressure is sufficient in case of fire to throw a stream of water over the 
highest building. The most inflammable fuel is kept at the engine-house, and 
the engine can be put in operation in eighteen minutes after an alarm of 
fire occurs. The pressure is then increased, and may be carried to 210 pounds 
to the square inch. 

The Company have laid one and three-fourth miles of street mains, and have 
seven fire-plugs or hydrants. In addition to those on Main street already men- 
tioned, others are located on the corners of Ford and First streets, Garnavillo and 
Carroll, and at Doan's Mills. The Company supply water to the State Peni- 
tentiary, one of the railroads, and to some forty-five private consumers. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Few cities of the size can boast of a more thoroughly equipped organization 
for protection against the ravages of fire than can the city of Anamosa. 

The great conflagration on the 14th of February, 1875, convinced the citi- 
zens of the necessity of some provisions to protect themselves against a 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 455 

repetition of such a sad catastrophe. Accordingly, on the 21st of July of that 
year the City Council passed an ordinance authorizing the formation of a 
fire department. 

A meeting of citizens on the 8d of August, 1875, resulted in the organiza- 
tion of three fire companies under the provisions of the ordinance. 

At present, the equipments of the different companies are furnished at the 
expense of the city, although it required some time to convince the Council of 
the wisdom of such a provision. 

The present officers of the Fire Department are : J. H. Williams, Chief 
Engineer ; E. M. Harvey, First Assistant ; George L. Yount, Second Assistant. 

Hose ComiJany, No. 1 — John G. Cudworth, Foreman ; L. G. Clark and G. 
S. Peet, Assistants ; S. I. Williams, Secretary ; Charles Carter, Treasurer ; 
number of members, twenty-two. 

Hose Company, No. 2 — John I. Van Ness, Foreman ; W, J. Pavey, 
Assistant; E. M. Stickney, Secretary and Treasurer; number of members, 
twenty-two. 

Hook and Ladder Company — L. C. Aldrich, Foreman ; Frank Fisher, 
Assistant; B. Dott, Secretary and Treasurer; number of members, thirty-five. 

Owing to the provisions for the use of hydrants of the Water- Works Com- 
pany, an engine company is unnecessary. No fire has occurred since the 
organization of the Fire Department, within the reach of water, but that the 
same has been under control in a very short time. The entire business portion 
of the city is in comparative safety. 

FIRES. 

With one exception, Anamosa has been fortunate in not being seriously 
affected as the result of the ravages of the fire fiend. 

On Saturday morning, March 27, 1869, a fire broke out in the blacksmith 
and wagon shop of Cook & Ragan, and the building was entirely destroyed. 
The loss was about $1,200. partly insured. 

On Friday night, April 26, 1872, the barn of Mrs. Isabella Hollenbeck, 
built at a cost of |4,00<), was destroyed by fire. The barn was insured for 
$2,000. In the barn were three horses and a sewing machine wagon belong- 
ing to J. P. Craig. They were burned with the barn ; no insurance. 

On the 9th of June, 1872, fire did some damage to the residence of Mr. 
I. C. Lusk, injuring the building to the amount of about $100, and also damag- 
ing the library of Mr. L. considerably. 

Again on the 13th of the same month, fire destroyed the blacksmith-shop 
and storeroom of D. C. Tice. A. S. Atkinson's shop adjoining was also destroyed. 
Some damage was done to another building of Mr. Tice and its contents. The 
following were the losses : D. C. Tice, loss $2,000, insured for $700; A. S. 
Atkinson, $3,000, insured for $1,500 ; Fred Simons, $150, no insurance ; 
other parties, $200, no insurance. 

Again, July 10, 1872, the barn of Samuel Brunskill was burned. There 
was an insurance of $200. The frame of this barn was built by G. H. Ford, 
in 1841, and was probably the first frame barn built in the county. 

A number of small fires occurred between the above date and the 14th of 
February, 1875, when the "big fire of Anamosa" destroyed about $12,000 
worth of property. 

The 14th of February, 1875, was Sunday. In the morning, at half-past 
1, wild cries of '• Fire ! fire !" broke upon the stillness of the night, the 



456 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Congregational bell re-echoed the dreadful alarm, and in a few minutes hundreds 
of citizens were rushing in the direction of the lurid light of roaring and crack- 
ling flames bursting out of what was formerly known as the old " Court House 
building," occupied by A. N. Dennison, dealer in boots and shoes, and Emory 
Perfect, grocery dealer. There was only a slight breeze from the northwest, 
but the headway which the fire had attained and the combustible nature of the 
wooden buildings filling the space between the Union Block, corner of Main 
and Ford streets, on the west, and Frank Fisher's Block, at the foot of Booth 
street, on the east, rendered it almost impossible for the citizens to avail any- 
thing against the devouring flames. Not a dollar's worth of Dennison's stock 
of boots and shoes was saved. A few tools were snatched from the work-shop, 
by the way of the back door. Loss on the building, $1,000, insured for $500 ; 
loss on stock, $3,000, insured for $1,000. Mr. Dennison had added stock to 
the amount of $800, only the week before. A new safe, containing about $500 
in greenbacks and Mr. Dennison's account-books, was badly damaged, but the 
money and books were found all right the next day. A fine line of samples 
belonging to W. E. Moss, of Balch & Co., boot and shoe dealers, Lyons, valued 
at $400, had been left in Mr. Dennison's store and was destroyed. W. L. Story 
also lost tools to the amount of $10. 

Four barrels of kerosene oil and a lot of boxes were hurriedly removed from 
the back room of Emory Perfect's grocery, but nothing else was saved. Loss 
on stock, $1,400, insured for $1,000. The building was the property of Col. 
W. T. Shaw, was valued at $1,200 and was an entire loss. 

The next building on the east belonged to C. L. Holcomb, and was occupied 
by A. E. Parady, boot and shoe maker. Mr. Parady lost nearly everything. 
Value of building, $500. Mr. Parady's loss was $300. 

Mr. Holcomb was also the owner of the adjoining building, occupied by D. 
H. Kelly as a barber-shop. Loss on building, $300. Mr. Kelly's fixtures were 
nearly all saved, and his loss was but small. 

Next came the post-office building, owned by B. L. Matson. Lew Kinert, 
the clerk, was sleeping in the office, and by reason of this fact the valuables 
were saved. Mr. Coe, the Postmaster, lost about $50. The building was val- 
ued at $600, and insured for $400. Messrs. G. W. Strode & Son, jewelers, in 
post-office building, lost $125, mostly in tools. 

Still the flames swept onward, and A. H. Sherman's harness-shop went next. 
His stock and tools were saved with a loss of about $75. The building was 
owned by H. C. Metcalf, and valued at $800 ; no insurance. 

J. Rhodes, the confectioner, was the next victim. He had recently repaired 
his building and placed therein a new stock of confectionery, canned goods, gro- 
ceries, etc. The goods were removed, but not without damage. Mr. Rhodes' loss 
on building and contents reached $1,000. In the second story lived Mrs. Gause 
and daughter. A piano, in being carried down, fell and was badly damaged. 
Loss on piano and household eifects estimated at $1,000. Mr. Rhodes' build- 
ing was razed to the ground, in the hope of stopping the course of the 
scorching tonojues of flame ; but this seemed hopeless, and it Avas finally decided 
that the next building, belonging to Joseph Moore, must also come down, as it 
abutted against Frank Fisher's brick block, and there was danger anticipated 
from the heat and flames breaking and entering the glass front. But the fire 
had been raging two hours or more, and the masses of snow in the rear and in 
the adjacent gutter on Main street were rapidly melting and afforded consider- 
able water. Water was dashed on by lines of men in front and rear, and 
finally the flames were under control. Mr. Moore's building was scorched 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 457 

some, and otherwise damaged to the amount of $400, before the onward march 
of the flames could be checked. In this building was the law office of King 
& Dietz, but their books, etc., were removed with but small damage. In the 
second story resided Mrs. S. Thomas and a little daughter, the former being 
confined to her room by sickness. They were safely transferred to other quar- 
ters, and their household goods saved with but little damage. Slingerland & 
Son, painters, occupied a room in this building, and suff'ered a small loss. 

R. A. Markham, dealer in sewing machines, and Markham & Burgess, 
dealers in organs, etc., suffered a small loss by the fire. Mr. A. Heitchen also 
suffered a loss of about $75. The total loss by the conflagration was $12,000. 
Total insurance, $2,900. The origin of the fire was unknown. 

The people had been discussing the propriety of organizing a Fire Depart- 
ment, and the fire gave an impetus to that subject which that resulted in the 
formation of three Fire Companies. 

STONE QUARRIES NEAR ANAMOSA. 

The great economic value of these quarries deserves special mention. 
Those first opened to any considerable extent are upon the Buffalo, about two 
miles from Anamosa. They were first opened about twenty-five years ago, or 
in 1853, when stone was taken out to build what has been known ever since as 
Fisher's Mill, a grist-mill on the Buffalo, about a mile from the town. About 
that time, John Burheim, familiarly known as " Dutch John," bought a tract of 
land of 120 acres, and soon after commenced quarrying stone upon it, and this 
has been his chief employment ever since. During the time that has elapsed, 
he has taken out thousands of wagon loads of stone, furnishing for railroads, 
building purposes in Anamosa and surrounding country. He has also fur- 
nished large quantities of lime from this quarry. Eighty acres of this tract 
have recently been purchased by the State, and the Chicago and North-Western 
Railway Company have just completed an extension of their road to these 
quarries ; and the State is now at work, with convicts, taking out stone for the 
Penitentiary. In the month of September and fourteen days in October 
(1879), Mr. A. E. Martin, the Warden, informs the writer, there were taken out 
sixty-seven car-loads, at a valuation of $2,023.40, more than twice paying for 
the eighty acres purchased by the State, in forty-four days. The stone for the 
completion of the Penitentiary will be largely taken from these quarries. 

J. A. Green, Dr. Clark Joslin and others own land in this locality, that is 
underlaid by stone presumably as good as any ; and, now that railroad facilities 
are furnished, will most likely be developed at no distant day. 

On the Wapsipinicon River, about two miles west from Anamosa, on the 
old Dubuque & Southwestern Raih-oad, is a quarry that was operated some 
years ago by Krause, Shaw, Weaver & Co. They took out a large amount of 
stone and shipped to different parts of the State. They also manufactured a 
considerable quantity of lime ; but stone found elsewhere proved to make a 
better article, and it was discontinued. This quarry is the first one bought by 
the State, and the State commenced taking out stone in 1872. From Mr. A. 
E. Martin, we obtained the following figures. The number of car loads of 
stone taken out from 1872 to 1879, is as follows : 1872, 218 car loads ; 1873, 
226 car loads ; 1874, 337 car loads ; 1875, 221 car loads ; 1876, 304 car 
loads ; 1877, 130 car loads ; 1878, 384 car loads ; 1879 to May, 224 car loads ; 
total, 2,044 car loads; average value per car load, $16.28, making a total value 
of $33,376.32; total from both quarries, 2,111 car loads, with an aggregate 



458 HISTORY OF JONES COUxXTV. 

value of ^35,297.72. Besides this, the State has sold quite a large quantity 
of stone, but we were unable to secure the exact figures. The stone of this 
quarry is not exhausted by any means ; but it requires so much more stripping 
that, for the present, other places furnish stone with less expense in this 
respect. With the above figures, it will be seen that the State has some sub- 
stantial advantages in having the Penitentiary located so near this building 
material. 

As we pass alor.g the Wapsipinicon, about one-fourth of a mile, we come to 
the first quarry opened to any extent in this locality. It was opened by Henry 
Dearborn, he having taken out stone here to build himself a dwelling in Ana- 
mosa, also furnishing others for a like purpose. The quarry subsequently 
passed into the hands of Haines & Lewis, Avho owned and operated it for many 
years, making improvements in the way of building, etc., out of the stone taken 
from the quarries. They opened at two or more localities, and took out vast 
quantities of stone that went to different parts of the State. The quarries are 
now owned and operated by Martin Heisey. 

About a half-mile from these quarries, near the railroad bridge across the 
Wapsipinicon, are the quarries owned by H. Dearborn, known as the " Stone 
City Quarry," opened in 1869. Mr. Dearborn owns 120 acres, a large portion 
being quarry land. He has shipped 500 car loads in the past year, and an 
average of 250 car loads for the years previous. He has furnished stone for 
the State Blind As^^um at Vinton ; Insane Asylum, at Independence ; Gov- 
ernment Works, at Rock Island, and many buildings in Cedar Rapids and other 
places in the State. Mr. Dearborn has erected for himself a fine residence at 
this place, and is the Postmaster of " Stone City" Post Office. 

We now cross the railroad bridge over the Wapsipinicon, and a short walk 
brings us to the famous " Champion Quarries," owned and operated by J. A. 
Green, consisting of over thirty acres, more than two-thirds of it quarry. Mr. 
Green opened this quarry in 1868, and can furnish stone in any desired form 
or shape, either rough, or dressed and polished. In 1876, he put in a machine, 
run by an engine, called a rubber, for the purpose of polishing stone. The 
height of this quarry, from where be commenced to the top of where he is now 
at work, is some eighty or ninety feet. For the years 1878 and 1879, he has 
shipped 2,000 car loads per year ; the other nine years, the average production 
has been 800 car loads. Mr. Green has furnished large ({uantities of stone 
for the Governm.ent Works at Rock Island ; Insane Asylum, Independence ; 
Deaf and Dumb Asylum, at Council Bluffs; Anamosa Penitentiary, railroad 
companies, etc. In fact, he has furnished stone at points from Chicago to 
Dakota, from Minnesota to Nebraska, and some to Wisconsin. 

Mr. Webb has a (|uarry a little further west, that has been worked for many 
years and has furnished some very excellent stone. 

The quarries mentioned are the principal ones worked. Many more may 
be developed in the near future, and the supply is considered by good judges 
absolutely inexhaustible. 

THE PIONEER TOBACCO RAISER OF IOWA. 

Mr. N. S. Noble, of Anamosa, may properly be styled the pioneer tobacco raiser 
of the State of Iowa. He is said to be the first to engage in the cultivation of the 
tobacco-plant to any considerable extent, and the first who has made a success 
in the business. Mr. Noble ^Yas born and raised in Massachusetts, and early 
taught how to cultivate the tobacco-plant. From there he emigrated to Jones 



HISTOHY OF JONES COUNTV. 459 

County in 1855. In 1857 he was elected and served as Sheriff of the county 
one term. Soon after arriving in the county, he purchased some ground and 
began to raise tobacco. From that time to this, he has been engaged in the 
business. One of the greatest hindrances to a success in the business has 
been to overcome the prejudice against Western tobacco in the markets of the 
East. By a careful attention to securing quality and not quantity, Mr. Noble 
has succeeded in making his tobacco sell in their markets at the same prices as 
the products of the tobacco raisers of the East. In 1875 Mr. Noble associated 
with himself his nephew, Mr. George Noble, who was likewise educated to the 
business, and the two have continued the business together since that time. 

They have under cultivation twenty-nine acres of land, one-half only being 
in use at a time. After two, or at most three crops, the half in use is set 
aside and seeded to clover and timothy, and the other half brought into requi- 
sition for tobacco raising. The crop of grass, the last year before using for 
tobacco, is plowed under, and thus the land is kept in a good state of cultiva- 
tion. This is without doubt the cause of the success of Messrs. Noble. They 
do not exhaust the resources of their land and then expect to get good crops 
without restoring the fertility of the soil. 

Their house for curing tobacco is a frame building 204x36 feet, with 
14-foot posts, erected with special reference to good ventilation. The amount 
of the crop raised each year is about twelve tons. 

They have devoted some attention to manufacturing here — at one time the 
whole crop, and more or less each year — but the major part is usually kept 
over one year and then sold in the Eastern markets. 

Through the influence of the success of Messrs. Noble, others have been 
induced to cultivate the tobacco-plant, and its cultivation promises to make 
tobacco an important product of Jones County. 

LIQUOR CONFISCATION. 

As is well known, under the statutes of the State of Iowa, no license is 
granted to sell, as a beverage, any spirituous or fermented liquors, except 
native wines and lager beer. For a time, it was surmised by many that 
the statutes were being violated in this particular at Anamosa, as they knew 
they were in other parts of the State. 

On Wednesday, March 1, 1871, at the above place. Sheriff" Crane and 
Deputies P. 0. Babcock and S. D. Parks, with several assistants, made a con- 
certed descent upon five saloons, for the purpose of searching for whisky, 
brandy and other liquors condemned as beverages by the statute. The " raid " 
was successfully planned and as successfully carried out. 

At each saloon, more or less " contraband beverages " were found and duly 
confiscated. The result was salutary, and the effect of its influence felt for a 
long time. 

MARRIAGE INCIDENT. 

The second marriage at Anamosa was that of a couple who ran away to 
get married. The young lady was the daughter of Clement Russell, who lived 
at Fairview. The young man was a tailor who happened to be living at Rus- 
sell's for a short time, and the young couple met, fell in love and resolved to 
be married. One Sunday morning they came on foot to Anamosa (then only one 
house, belonging to G. H. Ford ; the house, the one built by E. Booth, who 
sold it to Ford), and the Justice, Lathrop Olmstead, was there, and out in the 



460 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

road, ten rods or more from the house, Lathrop married them. The parents of 
the young lady were incensed, and the newly married pair took their departure 
for Illinois. 

EDMUND BOOTH. 

To write the history of Anamosa and omit the name of Edmund Booth, 
would be to do injustice to a man of rare intelligence, extended information, 
broad and liberal culture, Avith clear and concise opinions on all important 
questions, and one whose long public life of industry and usefulness has extended 
over the entire period from the time of the early settlement of the county to the 
present moment, and one whose voice, directly or indirectly, has been heard on 
almost every question affecting the administration of the public affairs of the 
county, and one whose unflinching integrity has secured for him the full and com- 
plete confidence of all who know him, and which has made him an oracle one very 
disputed point in the early history of the county. In fine, to write the his- 
tory of Jones County, particularly that portion pertaining to Fairview Town- 
ship, with the name of Edmund Booth omitted, would be as unsatisfactory as 
" the play of Hamlet with the Prince of Denmark left out." 

A short biographical history is pre-eminently appropriate. 

Edmund Booth was born at Springfield, Mass., on the 24th day of August, 
1810. At the age of four years, he suffered an attack of that terrible disease, 
spotted fever, and, although his friends despaired of his recovery for a long 
time, the strong constitution inherited from his ancestors, who were of Eng- 
lish and Scotch extraction, enabled him to survive the fever, but not 
without the loss of hearing and left eye. For a time, he was almost 
wholly deaf, and at the age of eight, his hearing was totally gone, and 
he has been entirely deaf from that time. It is owing to this fact that 
the life of Mr. Booth is so remarkable. Despite the loss of hearing, he 
continued to be able to speak for a time, quite well, and still is able to artic- 
ulate so well as to be understood by those accustomed to hear him. It is with 
the pen, however, that he mostly makes known his opinions and purposes. His 
boyhood was spent on the farm at home. At the age of seventeen, he entered 
the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, Conn., and graduated there 
four years later, and was appointed a tutor in the Institution. Remained in the 
capacity of teacher seven years. In 1830, he resigned, and moved to this State. 
Next year, in partnership with Col. David Wood, a brother-in-law who had 
then just arrived, built the first house at Dartmouth, and the first frame house 
in the county. In the winter following, Col. Wood died. The lands on all 
sides being included in the Mill Company's claim, Mr. Booth moved to the 
prairie near Russell's, and secured forty acres for a farm. 

In 1841, he was elected by popular vote County Recorder, receiving all the 
votes in three out of four precincts, those of the Fourth, Farm Creek, being 
given to John E. Lovejoy. Was elected a second time two years later, and a 
third time, two years after that. In the middle of the third term, he retired, 
the Legislature having so changed the law as to unite the offices of Recorder and 
Treasurer in one person. Was nominated to the dual office, but declined. In 
the spring of 1849, went with the great overland emigration to California, his 
family remaining behind. Succeeded in California, and returned early in 1854. 
Opened another farm in Cass Township, but resided in Anamosa. In 1856, 
the Eureka was established, as described elsewhere, and he has since been on that 
paper, at first as editor, and afterward proprietor. Mr. Booth came West with 
little save a trunk full of books and one of clothing, his prosperity being the 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 461 

result of industry and good management. Previous to the establishment of a 
post office (Pamaho, a mile west of Russell's), he was in the practice of going on 
foot to Edinburg, and afterward to Rome for mail. Always returned with 
hands and pockets full of papers, and was always a subscriber of leading 
Eastern journals until the establishment of the Eureka. 

The part taken by Mr. Booth in conjunction with the Eureka is related 
elsewhere. The leading editorials have mostly been from his pen, and he has 
ever spoken Avith no uncertain sound. At the outbreak of the late civil war, 
Mr. Booth placed himself squarely and unequivocally on the side of loyalty to 
the General Government, and bravely battled for the preservation of the 
Union, doing as effective service as any one on the battle-field. 

His leaders compare, many of them, favorably with those of the leading 
metropolitan papers of the country. 

Mr. Booth, now sixty-nine years old, is hale and hearty, and is as bravely 
battling in the warfare of life as at any time heretofore. His industry, skill and 
unfaltering perseverance, make him a glorious example of a true and genuine 
specimen of a Western man. 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 

This township, named after the home of Jefferson, is one of the northern 
tier of townships of the county, east of Castle Grove, the northwest 
township. The South Fork of the Maquoketa River enters the township 
near the northwest corner, runs diagonally across, and leaves the town- 
ship some two miles north of the southeast corner. The Kitty Creek, a 
stream of considerable importance, enters the township from the south and 
unites with the Maquoketa near the city of Monticello. By means of these 
two streams and- others flowing into them, the toAvnship is well watered, and 
water-power, for mill purposes, furnished the inhabitants. 

Along the Maquoketa there is a generous supply of good timber, about one- 
fourth of the area of the township being timber-land. There are also a number 
of flourishing artificial groves in different parts of the township. The balance 
of the surface is mostly of the very best prairie land, and well settled and 
improved by intelligent and industrious farmers. The farmhouses are good, 
and the township makes a fine display of large and commodious bai'ns. At 
sundry places is found an abundance of stone, and a number of quarries opened, 
which supply the wants of the people for ordinary uses, though the quality of 
the stone is much inferior to that furnished by the quarries near Anamosa. 
Dimension stone is usually obtained at the latter quarries. The farmers have 
supplied themselves with the modern improvements in husbandry, and a num- 
ber of cheese-factories and creameries are in a flourishing condition in different 
parts of the township. 

The following were among the early settlers outside the city of Monticello, 
the metropolis of the township : David Ralston, John Stevenson, F. M. Hicks, 
Z. Farwell, Robert A. Rynerson, A. H. Marvin, W. H. Walworth, John 
Clark, Chauncey Mead, George George, William Clark, Curtis Stone, John 
White, Asa C. Bowen and others. 



462 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 



EARLY HISTORY. 

The following in reference to the early history of Monticello is largely com- 
piled from the writings of John Blanchard, editor of the Monticello Express, 
and from the *• History of the City," written by M. M. Moulton, Mayor of 
Monticello for the year 1869, published the same year by G. W. Hunt, editor 
of the Express at that time. 

The fall of the year 1836, forty-three years ago, Daniel Varvel and William 
Clark made the first settlement upon the present site of Monticello. Young 
and hopeful, they had pushed far away from the settlements to the outer verge 
of civilization, to make their fortunes and found for themselves new homes. 

The scene spread out before the sturdy pioneers was one of surpassing love- 
liness. It was that of a fertile wilderness, instinct with beauty and pregnant 
with promise. The wide prairies " stretching in airy undulations faraway." 
their sunny ridges and fertile slopes glowing beneath the brilliancy of the 
autumn sky, the beautiful Maquoketa and the smaller, but not less beautiful 
Kitty Creek, gliding beneath the overshadowing bluffs, and bordered with 
forests, upon the foliage of which the early frosts had spilled their golden stain. 
Tt was as the Garden of Eden lapsed into primeval wilderness and solitude, with 
no man to till the soil. Those were among the times of frontier life that 
characterized the settlement of this vast region between the Mississippi and 
Missouri Rivers. Those times that tried men's souls are, for the most part, 
passed away. The trail of the Indian no longer marks the native prairie, 
and the smoke of the wigwam is no more seen along our bluffs. No more will 
the twang of the bow-string or the crack of the rifle startle the solitude of the 
wilderness ; tor a new race and a greater civilization have come in. We question 
if it entered into the anticipations of the pioneers, Varvel and Clark, that 
before they passed the prime of life, they would see spring up in that primitive 
wilderness a flourishing little city, with busy streets, imposing business blocks, 
elegant private residences, railroads, telegraph, mills, and all the elements and 
evidences of an enterprising and groAving community. 

By the time the winter had set in, Varvel and Clark Avere comfortably 
lodged for the season in a log cabin, prepared to bid defiance to tempest and 
frost, to savage and wild beasts. The entire winter was spent in lonely and 
monotonous seclusion ; but as both were experienced and ardent hunters, and 
game plentiful, it is to be presumed that their situation was not without its com- 
pensation. We venture to say they were not likely to forget their first winter's 
experience in what is now the rich and flourishing county of Jones, then an 
inhospitable and wild region. 

Mr. Varvel was a native of the State of Kentucky, and Mr. Clark of Ohio. 
Both men worked for some time in the lead mines in the vicinity of Dubuque, 
before locating here. Early in the folloAving spring, 1837, Richard South set- 
tled here, his wife, who accompanied him, he'mg the first woman who came to 
soften the rude hardships of frontier life with domestic comfort and home-feel- 
ing that only Avoman's gentle presence can bestOAv. 

During "the summer following, T. J. Peak, B, Beardsley, James McLaugh- 
lin and Thomas Galligan moved hitherAvard, settling in this vicinity. The first 
breaking was done this year, Mr. Varvel being the first man to upturn the 
virgin soil of the rich prairie land in this section. 

During the summer of 1838, T. J. Peak Avas married to Miss Rebecca M. 
Beardsley, this being the first marriage solemnized in the young colony, and 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 463 

t]\e first in the county. In that early day, circumstances and conditions were 
far from favorable to those who would a-marrying go. Obstacles were to be 
overcome, such as the devotees at the shrine of Hymen, in these later times of 
easy marriages — and equally easy divorces — little dream of In this case, the 
ardent bridegi'oom was compelled to journey to Sugar Creek, in Cedar County, 
a distance of sixty-five miles, to procure a license. Mr. Peak is an honored 
citizen of Monticello still, and both he and his excellent wife now rejoice in the 
results of their early labors. 

On the 7th of December, 1838, a preliminary meeting was held at the house 
of Barrett Whittemore, of Bowen's Prairie, to consider the best method of securing 
a regular county organization. The object of the meeting was not, however, 
accomplished until the 24th of January, 1839. 

In the same year, 1839, occurred a noteworthy episode in the his- 
tory of the settlement, or, as Artemus Ward would have said, "two episodes." 
We refer to the birth of twins in the family of Mr. Richard South, already 
mentioned. The children were of opposite sexes, healthy and promising, and 
their advent was considered, under all circumstances, a happy omen, auguring 
a rapid growth and gratifying prosperity for the little colony. In this year, 
also, the first contract for carrying the mail between Dubuque and Iowa City, 
via Monticello, was secured by Hon. Ansel Briggs, who afterward became the 
first Governor of Iowa upon its admission to the sisterhood of States. By this 
route, settlers occasionally received intelligence from the outside world, but 
the place had not yet attained the distinction of a post office, and ttie mail was dis- 
tributed directly from the pocket of the carrier. 

In the year 1840, Daniel Varvel was married to Margaret E. Beardsley. 
This was after the organization of the county. Near the same time, Edmund 
Booth was married to Miss Mary A. Walworth. There were but three marriages 
in the county during the year, the third being that of a Mr. Dawson. 

The first post office was established here in 1841, and William Clark was 
appointed Postmaster. Monticello was particularly favored in the matter of 
mail facilities, considering its tender age, there being a weekly mail from 
Dubuque to Iowa City, the latter at the time the capital of the Territory of 
Iowa. The seat of government was located there in 1839, by the commission- 
ers appointed by the Territorial Legislature to make the selection. It was in 
1841 that Mr. James Skelly moved into the settlement. During the year 
1839, the famous highway known as the "military road," was surveyed, built 
and bridged, and put into excellent condition, entirely at the expense of the 
national Government. (The completion of the work took one or two years.) 
During the year 1844^ Frink & Walker, the great stage firm, put on a four-horse 
daily coach between Dubuque and Iowa City. In the year 1849, the first doctor, 
W. B. Selder, of Indiana, came and settled in Monticello. The first schoolhouse 
was erected in the year 1849, the lumber being hauled from Dubuque, and the house 
built by five of the leading citizens, to wit: Daniel Varvel, John Stevenson, 
Joseph Clark, Dr. W. B. Selder and George Gassett. Of these, Stevenson and 
Gassett are dead. Dr. Selder lives at Webster City, and Daniel A'arvel lives in 
Woodbury County, Iowa. The first blacksmith-shop was started in 1852, by 
a Mr. Dunlap. From that date to 1854, the settlement grew apace. Men of 
intelligent foresight and enterprise were added to the rapidly increasing popu- 
lation. The county, which, in the year 1838, had but 241 inhabitants, in 1854 
numbered 6,075. In the year 1853, Monticello may be said to have begun its 
existence as a separate and distinct community, though previous to this time, it 
had become a village of some note and considerable promise. The credit of 



464 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

organizing, i. e., first platting the village into town lots, laying off streets, 
etc., belongs to G. H. Walworth and Daniel Varvel. 

The village at the time of which we write, was located along the military 
road, considerably east of the site at present occupied by the business portion. 

D. S. Dewey moved to Monticello from Waukegan, III., this year, and com- 
menced the erection of a dam and saw-mill, adjoining the site now occupied by 
the East Monticello Grist-Mills. This year, also, A. Holston built the Monti- 
cello House, and John W. Moore opened a small store. The original plat con- 
tained sixty-three lots, Mr. James Finton, now deceased, becoming the pur- 
chaser of Lot No. 1. The price of lots at the time was but a small portion of 
what is now asked and received. During the year 1855, T. C. West erected 
a building for the sale of dry goods, groceries, and such general merchandise 
as is required in a country store. In the summer of the same year, John Tabor 
was made the first Justice of the Peace, he receiving his commission from the County 
Judge. In this year, also, Dewey's saw-mill was burned. In 1856, D. C. 
Quimby was appointed the first Notary Public. In 1857, the first wagon-shop 
was started by Frank Reiger. Changes were going on continually and the town 
was rapidly growing in importance and repute. The year 1858 was one of the 
most memorable in the history of the embryo city. It was during this jear that 
the question of building the Dubuque & South Western Railroad was first 
brought before the enterprising, wideawake, and far-seeing business men, 
to whose industry and intelligent forethought Monticello owes much of its 
present prosperity and importance. The most liberal and substantial support 
was accorded the important project, and through the energy and spirit of the 
people along the route through the county, it was pushed actively forward, so 
that the work was actually begun in the same year in which the enterprise was 
first suggested to the people. As will be readily supposed, the inauguration of 
such an enterprise, and the sure prospect of the speedy opening of a public 
thoroughfare of such inestimable value and importance gave a wonderful 
impetus to the town. Immediately, a new addition to the town was sur- 
veyed and platted, called the Railroad Addition. Lots were taken with 
astonishing rapidity and at figures largely in advance of former prices. 
New buildings were erected in all directions; a lumber-yard was started 
by J. L. Davenport; work was begun upon East Monticello Flouring-Mills, 
by Mr. Dewey, already mentioned; the township was organized into a school 
district, under the school law cf the State; Monticello Lodge, No. 117, 
I. 0. 0. F., was instituted; activity was the order, "go-ahead" the w^atch- 
word, pride in the town and perfect faith in its future, the prevailing senti- 
ments of the day. 

The year 1859 was signalized by the completion of the railroad to this 
point. Trains, however, did not commence to run regularly across the bridge 
until the next year, the first freight being delivered in the month of January, 
1860, in the shape of several car loads of lumber. This event was rendered 
additionally noteworthy by the arrival of a class of emigrants whose introduc- 
tion could very easily have been dispensed with. We refer to the rats which 
were brought from Dubuque in those freight cars, the first of that long-tailed, 
troublesome species of the genus " varmint " ever seen in Monticello. The 
main part of the old school building was erected that year. Fred Grassmeyer 
started the first tin-shop in the basement of a dwelling-house on Main street. 
Peak & Hogg opened a dry-goods store west of the railroad and near the depot. 
The first grain warehouse was erected this year by E. B. Kinsella & Bro. C. 

E. Wales also came on and opened a dry-goods store in company with William 




KJ 





HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 467 

Merriam. In August of this year, the first attorney, A. J. Monroe, Esq., 
settled in Monticello. lie is now City Attorney. 

The prosperity of the town was now assured — changes were frequent and 
the population rapidly increasing. In 1864, Bradstreet's Addition was laid 
out and platted, July 7, with fifty-nine lots ; Turck's Addition, platted October 
6, with forty-six lots. During this year, M. M. Moulton built the first exclu- 
sively brick building, 503 First street. In 1866, Varvel's Addition was platted, 
with twenty-eight lots, making in all 275 lots in the city. 

On the 17th of September, 1867, Monticello was incorporated as a city, 
under the general incorporation laws of the State. 

OFFICIAL ROSTER. 

1867— Mayor, S. Y. Bradstreet ; Recorder, F. J. Tryon ; Treasurer, C. E. 
Wales ; Marshal, E, L. Gregg. Councilmen — S. R. Howard, N. P. Starks, 
P. 0. Babcock, J. L. Davenport, C. E. Wales. 

1868 — Mayor, S. Y. Bradstreet; Recorder, C. W. Gurney ; Treasurer, 
S. R. Howard ; Marshal, H. G. Buel ; Street Commissioner, L. H. Warriner ; 
City Attorney, M. W. Herrick. Councilmen — P. O. Babcock, M. R. Gurney, 
S. G. Frost, S. R. Howard, Fred Grassmeyer. 

1869 — Mayor, M. M. Moulton; Recorder, C. W. Gurney; Treasurer, I. 
L. Simington ; Marshal, D. F. Magee ; Street Commissioner, Simon Chamber- 
lin ; City Attorney, A. J. Monroe. Councilmen — S. R. Howard, John 0. Duer, 
G. W. Condon, A. W. Hibbard, H. H. Starks. 

1870 — Mayor, M. M. Moulton ; Recorder, C. W. Gurney ; Treasurer, I. L. 
Simington ; Marshal, D. F. Magee ; Street Commissioner, S. Chamberlin ; 
Assessor, G. S. Eastman ; City Attorney, A. J. Monroe. Councilmen — John 
0. Duer, A. W. Hibbard, L. Palmer, G. W. Condon, S. R. Howard. 

1871 — Mayor, George W. Lovell ; Recorder, C. W. Gurney ; Treasurer, M. 
L. Carpenter; Marshal, S. Jewett; Street Commissioner, L.H. Warriner; Asses- 
sor, G. S. Eastman ; City Attorneys, Monroe & Moulton. Councilmen — S. R. 
Howard, L. Palmer, John Gibson, S. Y. Bradstreet, W. II. Proctor. 

1872 — Mayor, G. W. Lovell ; Recorder, M. W. Herrick ; Treasurer, John 
0. Duer ; Marshal, D. F. Magee ; Street Commissioner, S. Chamberlin ; 
Assessor, G. S. Eastman ; Weighmaster, John Feehan ; City Attorneys, Mon- 
roe & Moulton. Councilmen — H. D. Sherman, Otis Whittemore, F.J. Tryon, 
W. H. Proctor, John A. Chandler. 

1873— Mayor, C. E. Wales ; Recorder, H. M. Wright ; Treasurer, John 
0. Duer; Marshal, P. J. Wright; Street Commissioner, J. S. Fuller; Assessor, 
G. S. Eastman ; City Attorney, A. J. Monroe ; Weighmaster, W. Hogg. 
Councilmen — W. H. Proctor, William Schodde, Matti'^oyes, B. Stuart, Cyrus 
Langworthy. 

1874 — Mayor, C. E. Wales; Recorder, R. P. Smith; Treasurer, C. Lang- 
worthy ; Marshal, William Joslin ; St)-eet Commissioner, J. S. Fuller ; Asses- 
sor, G. S. Eastman; City Attorney, A. J. Monroe; Weighmaster, S. Calkins. 
Councilmen — S. R. Howard, T. J. Peak, John McConnon, Volney Hickok, 
George Stuhler. 

1875 — Mayor, G. W. Trumbull; Recorder, George H. Jacobs; Treasurer, 
C. Langworthy; Marshal, P.J. Wright; Street Commissioner, S. Calkins;- 
Assessor, G. S. Eastman ; City Attorneys, Monroe & Herrick ; Weighmaster, 
J. G. Wood. Councilmen — B. F. Groesbeck, G. W. Garlock, John McCon- 
non, T. J. Peak, F. J. Tryon. 

I 



468 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

1876 — Mayor, H. D. Sherman ; Recorder, F. B. Bonniwell ; Treasurer, 
Theodore Soetje ; Marshal, M. M. Moulton ; Street Commissioner, Norman 
Starks ; Assessor, N. W. Austin ; City Attorney, M. W. Herrick ; Weigh- 
master, J. G. Wood. Councilmen — A. R. Doxsee, T. A. King. John McCon- 
non, S. R. Howard, H, L. Servoos. 

1877 — Mayor, F. J. Tryon ; Recorder, C. W. Gurney ; Treasurer, Theo- 
dore Soetje ; Marshal, M. M. Moulton ; Assessor, N. W. Austin ; Weigh- 
master, J. G. Wood ; Street Commissioner, W. King ; City Attorney, M. W. 
Herrick. Councilmen — John McConnon, H. L. Servoos, T. A. King, W. A. 
Holston, C. A. Whiting. 

1878 — Mayor, G. W. Garlock ; Recorder, C. W. Gurney ; Treasurer, L. 
Palmer; Marslial, M. M. Moulton; Assessor, N. W. Austin ; Weighmaster, 
J. G. Wood: Street Commissioner, W. King; City Attorney, M. W. Herrick. 
Councilmen — B. D. Paine, S. Kahn, H. H. Starks, S. Y. Bradstreet, Isaac 
Rigby. 

1879 — Mayor, B. D. Paine: Recorder, J. R. Stillman; Treasurer, G. L. 
Lovell; Marshal, M. M. Moulton; Street Commissioner, Ed. West; Assessor, 
F. Burnight; Weighmaster, J. G. Wood; City Attorney, J. Q. Wing. Coun- 
cilmen — S. E. Sarles, John McConnon, Fred Grassmeyer, W. A. Holston, F. 
J. Tryon, N. W. Austin. 

MONTICELLO IN 1879. 

The flourishing little city of Monticello is situated near the geographical 
center of the township of the same name, at the junction of Kitty Creek and 
the South Fork of the Maquoketa River, and also at the junction of the 
Dubuque k Southwestern and Davenport dfc Northern Railways. (The above 
roads have recently been purchased and are now operated by the C, M. & St. 
P. Company.) 

A portion of the city is situated on the east side of the Maquoketa, and 
called East Monticello. The Monticello Flouring-Mills, together with a small 
number of dwellings, constitute the principal part of the city east of the river. 
The site of the town on the west side is a remarkably delightful and pleasant 
one. The surface is comparatively smooth and unbroken, just enough of 
undulation to relieve the monotony of an entirely level surface. Fine farming 
country stretches out in every direction from the town, and, with the water- 
power furnished by the above streams, the advantages of the city are such as 
to warrant a belief that its growth will continue for some time to come. The 
" Diamond Creamery " of H. D. Sherman & Co., situated here, supplies a 
long-felt want to the dairy interest of the farmers in this vicinity, and demon- 
strates bv its growing importance that the people of an agricultural district 
cannot afford to neglect this class of manufactories. Other manufacturing 
interests are attracting attention, and some are already in operation. The city 
is supplied with most excellent water from an artesian well, 1,192 feet deep, 
and hydrants are found at all principal points. The water is pumped from the 
well by a steam-engine, and carried to a reservoir nearly one hundred feet above 
the railroad on the hill west of the town, and thence is conducted to all parts 
of the city. With a well-organized fire company and an inexhaustible supply 
of water, the danger from the ravages of fire can be but slight. 

The display of elegant private residences, handsomely located, the numer- 
ous commodious but less pretentious dwellings, the fine display of business 
houses and the magnificent public-school building, with a number of neat and 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTF. 469 

tasty church edifices, give to the city a very attractive appearance. The prin- 
cipal streets are well macadamized with stone from the adjacent quarries ; the 
walks on the main thoroughfares are broad and commodious, and the city wears 
an air of permanence and prosperity. At present writing there are 3 news- 
papers (one German), 1 graded school, o church edifices, 1 circulating library, 
2 banks, 2 railroad offices, 7 dry-goods stores, 11 exclusively grocery stores, 4 
drug and book stores, 3 hardware stores, 2 clothing stores, 2 merchant tailors, 
4 restaurants and confectioneries, 4 flour and feed stores, 3 furniture stores, 3 
undertakers, 3 millinery stores, 4 dress-making establishments, 1 business col- 
lege, 1 tile manufiictory, 1 brickyard, 1 glove and mitten factory, 1 foundry, 
2 machine-shops, 1 barb-wire factory, 1 broom and turkey-duster factory, 1 
flouring-mill, 3 Avagon and carriage factories, 2 agricultural implement stores, 2. 
lumber-yards, 2 art galleries, 2 news depots, 2 dealers in organs and sewing 
machines, 3 jewelry stores, 2 harness-shops, 2 livery stables, 1 feed barn, 6 
blacksmith-shops, 4 boot and shoe stores, 5 shoe-shops, 3 insurance offices, 3 
meat markets, 2 barber-shops, 4 hotels, 1 creamery, 2 cooper-shops, 1 ice 
dealer, 9 physicians, ') dentists, 6 lawyers, 2 auctioneers, 2 elevators, 3 grain 
warehouses, 2 coalyards, 7 contractors and builders, 6 live-stock and grain 
dealers, 3 tin-shops, 2 gunsmiths, 1 marble yard, 7 secret societies, 1 military 
company, 1 fire company, 1 cemetery association, and 11 saloons. 

The inhabitants are principally American, and number about two thousand. 
The census of 1875 gives the population as less than one thousand, so that the 
population has either very rapidly increased or the census of that year was 
carelessly taken. The writer has been assured by several persons that the cen- 
sus of that year was universally deemed inaccurate. 

The citizens of Monticello are a live, wide-awake, enterprising appearing 
people, and the town is decidedly Western in its characteristics. 

EDUCATIOXAL. 

No people have more deserved to secure the full benefits of the magnificent 
public-school system vouchsafed to the inhabitants of the growing State of 
Iowa, than have the enterprising citizens of the little city of Monticello. The 
present school-building, with all its modern appointments, commands the atten- 
tion and admiration of all who visit the town, and speaks volumes in testimony 
to the enterprise and intelligence of the people of Monticello and vicinity. 
The circulating library, the property of the Ladies' Library Association, is but 
another proof of the literary taste and appreciation of the refining and cultur- 
ing influences to be secured by reading the standard publications of the present 
and past centuries. The liberality of the citizens in thus putting into the 
hands of the young the means of securing a liberal education, is pre-eminently 
praiseworthy, and for which unborn generations will rise up and bless the gen- 
erosity of the founders of these enterprises. 

The first schoolhouse was provided in 1849, thirty years ago. An okl 
house standing outside of the present limits of the corporation was purchased 
and moved into the village, and, with lumber hauled from Dubuque, modified 
and changed into a schoolhouse. The building, though small, was sufficiently 
commodious to answer the Avants of the growing generations until the year 
1858, when the township was organized into a township school district, under 
the new law, and another building was erected, in 1859, on the site of the nres- 
ent one, 36 feet long bv 24 feet wide, and two stories hijrh. 



470 HISTORY OF JONKS COUNTV. 

It was thought by some at the time to be wildly extravagant on the part of 
the School Board to expend means so recklessly as in the erection of a build- 
ing of such enormous proportions, and some there were who could see no use 
to which the second story might be put. 

Not many years elapsed until it Avas found that, with all the extravagant 
expenditure, the building must be enlarged, to meet the growing wants of the 
district. Additions were made from time to time, and the building made suflB- 
ciently commodious to meet the demands of the school-going population, until 
two years ago, when it was deemed necessary and advisable to erect a building of 
sufficient capacity to meet the wants of the growing city for some time to come, 
and at the same time, to make it a standing testimony of the architectural 
taste and enterprise of the citizens. 

The building erected is a magnificent structure, three stories high, and stands 
on First street, with a frontage of seventy-eight feet. It also faces a north-and- 
south street on the west, frontage sixty-eight feet. The school fronts on Grand 
street. The lower story constitutes what is called the Opera House, and 
is finished in an elegant manner. The auditorium is arranged in the form 
of an amphitheater, the long circles of chairs, rising one above another, 
afford the best facilities for seeing and hearing. The ceiling and walls are 
richly frescoed, and a twenty-four-light chandelier in the center, with abun- 
dant side-lamps, illuminates- the hall with a pleasing brilliancy. Four doors 
open on the two streets, and the amphitheater, which is capable of seating 600 
people, can be easily emptied in three or four minutes at most. 

The second and third stories are for school purposes, containing eight rooms, 
averaging about thirty-one feet square, and sufficient to accommodate 550 pupils. 
The rooms are furnished with Andrews' improved single seats. The cost of the 
building, entire, was about $17,000 ; furniture, $3,000. The bonds of the district 
to the amount of $12,000, running ten years, at 10 per cent, were sold at a pre- 
mium of 3 to 4 per cent. 

The building is surmounted by a dome in which has been placed a town 
clock, costing $625 complete. The entire structure wears an appearance of 
solidity and harmonious elegance that does great credit to the architect and 
the Board of School Directors. It is an enduring monument to the intel- 
ligence, cultivated taste and liberality of the city and school district of Monti- 
cello. 

The following persons constituted the Board of Directors at the time of the 
organization into a School District, in 1858: Sumner Hopkins, President ; 
Lucian Rice, Vice President; W. H.Walworth, Secretary; S.J. Tucker, 
Director Subdistrict No. 1 ; Michael Hofiicre, Director Subdistrict No. 2 ; A. 
H. Marvin, Director Subdistrict No. 3 ; J. C. Lawrence, Director Subdis- 
trict No. 4 ; Chauncey Mead, Treasurer. 

By a vote of the people, the city of Monticello was made an independent 
school district, in the 1877. 

The following persons constitute the Board of Directors for the year 1879 : 
Col. John 0. Duer, President pro tem ; R. P. Smith, Secretary ; Capt. M. L. 
Carpenter, Treasurer ; H. D. Sherman, C. E. Wales, John McConnon, H. M. 
Wright, ]\I. M. Moulton, Directors. 

The following are the corps of teachers for 1879 : 

Prof. Luther Foster, Principal, at a salary of $100 per month. 

Miss Kate Curtis, Assistant Principal, at a salary of $40 per month. 

Miss M. A. Wright, First Grammar Department, at a salary of $40 per 
month. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 471 

Miss Alfa Campbell, Second Grammar Department, at a salary of $35 per 
month. 

Miss Alice Gurney, Third Grammar Department, at a salary of $30 per 
month. 

Miss Pink Duer, Fourth Primary Department, at a salary of $30 per month. 

Miss Franc Moulton, Third Primary Department, at a salary of $30 per 
month. 

Miss Mollie Grassmeyer, Second Primary Department, at a salary of $30 
per month. 

Miss M. Herrick, First Primary Depanment, at a salary of $30 per month. 

Fletcher Burnight is janitor at a salary of $25 per month. The school 
year consists of nine months. 

THE PRESS. 

In 1865, the citizens of Monticello having confidence in the permanence and 
prosperity of the town, and in view of their appreciation of the influences of 
the press as an educator and leader of public opinion, began to agitate the pro- 
priety of establishing a local newspaper. The matter met with so much approval 
that material was procured and an office established. On the 10th of July of 
that year, the first number of the Monticello Express was published, Mr. 0. D. 
Crane, editor and proprietor. On the 15th of February of the same year, the 
office passed under the management of Mr. James Davidson, who continued the 
publication of the Express until the 8th of August, 1867, when Scott & 
Howard became proprietors. Soon after, Howard disposed of his share to 
Scott, who in turn sold to N. G. Sales, but Scott continued as editor until the 
4th of April, 1868, when Sales sold to G. W. Hunt, who continued as editor 
and proprietor about four years. On the 4th of March, 1872, Hunt sold the 
office to the Monticello Press Association, W. H. Walworth, Treasurer, and 
John Blanchard, editor and manager, and, after a brief period, Mr. Blanchard 
became editor and proprietor, and continues such at present writing. The 
Express is an eight-column folio, and is published weekly on Thursday. From 
the first it has been a pronounced Republican paper, and, notwithstanding the 
frequent changes. in proprietorship, the circulation has steadily increased. 

At the time that Mr. Blanchard took charge of the office, they were issuing 
about twenty quires, and now the issue is more than double that number. 
Under the present management, the paper is ably edited, and is remarkably 
aggressive and outspoken in its policy. Mr. Blanchard is a ready and vigor- 
ous writer, and the power and influence of the Express is growing more and 
more extended every year. 

Monticello Liberal. — The first number of the Monticello Liberal was pub- 
lished at Monticello on the 10th of September, A. D., 1872, by the Monticello 
Printing Company, with G. W. Hunt, editor and manager. The paper was 
published under the auspices of the Printing Company for about two years, 
when Mr. Hunt became the editor and proprietor, and has continued such from 
that time forward. The Liberal is an eight-column folio, and is published 
weekly, on Thursday. The mechanical work is well and neatly done, and the 
editorial department well conducted. The Liberal supported the Independent 
party during the Greeley campaign, and since that time the political complexion 
of the paper has been Democratic. The office is well supplied with material in 
its jobbing department, and receives a good share of patronage. 

On the 19th of November, 1873, at the instance of the people at the other 
end of the county, Mr. Hunt began the publication of the Wyoming News, and 



472 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

continued its publication for about a year, and then disposed of the enterprise 
to P. D. Swigart, who changed the name to "Wyoming Journal. The Netos 
was neutral in politics. 

The publication of Die Freie Presse, a German weekly newspaper, com- 
menced at the Liberal office on the 20th of December, 1877, Mr. Hunt editor 
and proprietor. Die Freie Presse is one of the official papers of the county, 
the statutes making it such because it is the only German newspaper published 
in the county. 

Mr. Hunt has had a long editorial experience, and the Liberal and Die 
Freie Preise have their appropriate share of the newspaper patronage of the 
county. 

CHURCHES. 

Methodist Episcopal Churcli. — It cannot be ascertained when the first ser- 
mon by a Methodist minister was preached in Monticello. It Avas occasionally 
visited by itinerants, but no regular appointment was made until 1861. In 
that year, Rev. J. Williams preached on the circuit which embraced Monticello. 
The membership was small and very much scattered. In 1862, Rev. G. Stan- 
ley was the preacher in charge, and the society increased its numbers. In 
1863, Rev. J. S. Eberhart was the Pastor. During the year, the present 
church edifice was erected. Previous to this time, the society worshiped in the 
schoolhouse. At the time, the membership was about fifty. In 186-1, Rev. H. 
C. Brown was Pastor, and, in 1865, he was re-appointed. The society now 
became a station, with about ninet}^ members, and paid $500 salary. In 1866, 
Rev. F. W. Vinson was appointed to the charge, and during his administration 
the membership increased to ninety-five. His salary was $800. In 1867. 
Rev. H. H. Fairall was Pastor, Avith a salary of $950. During the year, a 
large two-story parsonage Avas built, costing $1,300. In 1868, Mr. Fairall 
was re-appointed, with a salary of $1,000. During his administration, the 
membership increased eighty — fifty by conversions and thirt}^ by letter — making 
a total of 175. During the tAvo years, the Church paid out for improvements, 
benevolent purposes, ministerial support and contingent expenses, $3,500. In 
1869, C. C. Symons Avas appointed Pastor, and served one year. He Avas suc- 
ceeded by Thomas Thomson, Avho also served one year. In 1871, F. X. Miller 
was appointed Pastor, and served three years. J. S. Eberhart Avas also Pastor 
for three years. The present Pastor is Rev. J. L. Paine, Avho is on his second 
year. 

There are at present 130 members, and thirteen probationers. The follow- 
ing are the Trustees of the Church for 1879 : Dr. I. H. Phillips, A. E. Ches- 
terfieM, C. E. Marvin, M. AV. Herrick, Robert Young, Elijah Austin, G. H. 
White and Mrs. A. P. Moore. Class Leaders— J. G. Wood and N. W. Aus- 
tin. Stewards — J. B. Smith, John Moody, N. W. Austin, William Joslin, 
George W. Condon, Samuel G. Harris and Henry F. Taylor. 

The Sabbath school is in a flourishing condition, and has an average attend- 
ance of eighty-five. N. W. Austin is the Superintendent. 

The Church is free from debt, and is in a good flourishing condition. 

German Reform Church. — On the first of April, 1870, Rev. G. Rettig 
came to preach to the Germans at Monticello and vicinity. Four German fam- 
ilies in the tOAvn professed to believe in the creed of the German Reform 
Church and Avere anxious to have regular services, as there was no other German 
Church organization in the town. They rented a place on First street from 
Mr. Ch. Siebenthal and fitted it for church purposes. A temporary organization 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 473 

was made; Mr, G. Stuhler was chosen Elder, and Mr. Ch. Siebenthal, 
Deacon. For four and a half years, divine service was held in the above-men- 
tioned locality. A regular Church was formed April 12, 1874, with Rev. G. 
Rettig, Pastor ; Mr. G. Stuhler and Mr. Thomas Guyan, Elders ; Mr, Andrew 
Ambuhl and John Weibal, Deacons. After the room on First street had been 
sold, preaching was continued in Marvin's Hall for one year. A resolution 
was passed to build a sanctuary, and a lot was purchased for |200 on Cedar 
street. From Marvin's Hall they moved to Kinsella Hall. A commission 
was appointed to get subscriptions for building a church edifice. Mr, G. 
Stuhler, Gerhart Eiler and Thomas Guyan were chosen Trustees October 19, 
1874. The corner-stone of the new church was laid June 27, 1875, and the 
church edifice dedicated October 31, 1875. January 23, 1876, Rev. G. Rettig 
resigned and Rev. A. Kern, of Helvetia, W. Va., was called to the pastorate. 
He remained with the Church one year and five months, and was succeeded 
October 31, 1877, by Rev. John F. Graf, of Palmyra, Mo., who serves the 
Church at present. During his ministry, the Church has paid all its debts on 
the church building and built a fine parsonage. The present membership num- 
bers about eighty. 

Congregational Qhurch. — The earliest public Congregational ministrations 
in Monticello were begun by Rev. E. P, Kimball, June 16, 1860, his salary 
being mainly paid by the American Home Missionary Society, At this time, 
it Avas commonly reported that there was not a praying man in the village, 
which was probably true. There were, however, a few praying women. The 
meetings were held in the Monticello Schoolhouse, 

The earliest formal step toward organizing the Church was taken Septem- 
ber 18, 1860, at a meeting held in the Monticello Schoolhouse, pursuant to a 
previous call. A resolution to organize under the name of the " Congrega- 
tional Church of Monticello " was passed, and articles of faith and a form of 
covenant were adopted. The Church was duly organized November 13, 1860, 
by an Ecclesiastical Council, convened at the schoolhouse in Monticello, and 
composed of ministers and delegates representing the following Congregational 
Churches : The Church at Bowen's Prairie, at Dubuque, at Anamosa and the 
Church at Cass. The following are the names of those Avho at the time united 
as members : E. P. Kimball, Betsey A. F. Kimball, John White, Elizabeth 
A. White, Celeste E. Wales, Lyman P. Hoyt, Sarah Hoyt, Sarah A, Higby 
and Mrs, E. J. Leach. 

At a regular meeting of the Church, held January 2, 1862. it was voted to 
circulate a subscription to secure funds to build a church edifice. The effort 
was not successful. Subsequently, the matter was taken up by the citizens in 
connection with the members of the Church, and a subscription to the amount 
of about $1,000, with promises of $300 more. Circumstances unfixvorable to the 
project shortly afterward arose, and the matter remained at a stand-still till the 
summer of 1866, when a new subscription was circulated and pledges to the 
amount of $1,800 secured. Lots were secured, but nothing was done that year 
further than laying the foundation walls and bringing upon the ground a portion 
of the materials Plans of the edifice were submitted by Mr. C. C. Walworth, of 
Boston, and were adopted. Mr, Walworth subscribed $500 for the enterprise, 
and afterward increased his subscription to $1,000. He also presented the archi- 
tectural plans and specifications without charge. The cost of the building, accord- 
ing to the design agreed upon, was estimated at $4,000. It was soon after learned 
that owii'.g to the advance in material, the cost Avould reach $6,000, unless the 
plan be modified. Mr. Walworth then secured a modification of the design. The 



474 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

foundation walls were then remodeled, the work being begun on May 1, 1867. 
On the 14th of the same month, the ceremony of laying the corner-stone took 
place, and was conducted by the Rev. D. J. Jones, Pastor. Addresses were 
delivered by Rev. Mr. Jones and Rev. J. Allen. The edifice was in due form 
dedicated on Sunday, January 27, 1868. After services, a debt of $1,800 was 
canceled by 82,200 pledges. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. J. 
E. Rov, of Chicago. The American Congregational Union donated $500 to 
aid in buildino-. The Congregational Society, auxiliary to the Church, was 
duly organized December 26, 1865, F. J. Tryon being in the chair. A Con- 
stitution and By-Laws were adopted. This society is composed of members ot 
the Church, and of such adult male persons of good moral character as pay $3 
annuallv for the support of preaching. Its function is to co-operate with the 
Church in holding and protecting the property, and supporting the minister. 

The ministers who have served the Church since its organization are Rev. 
E. P. Kimball, who resigned in 1863 ; Revs. Isaac Russell. S. A. Benton, J. 
D. Jones, J. K. Nutting, J. D. Bell, William Leavitt, Loren W. Brintnall and 
D. Jenkins, the present Pastor. 

This Church is in a prosperous condition, and now has a membership of 
106. It is what miirht be called the liberal church of the town, and is decid- 
edly progressive. This is especially so under the administration of the present 
Pastor. Mr. Jenkins is a young man of good scholastic attainments, and broad 
and liberal in his public ministrations. 

YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. 

An organization with the above title was organized at Monticello November 
25, 1867. Officers were elected and a Constitution and By-Laws adopted. For 
some years, the society grew and flourished, at one time having an excellent 
reading-room and, apparently, doing much good. Like most similar organiza- 
tions in towns of the size, it grew and flourished for a time, and then declined 
and, eventually, ceased to exist. 

AVATER-WORKS. 

In the summer of 1877, a stock company was organized, with Hon. George 
W. Lovell, President, and had for its object the secureraent of good water priv- 
ileges for the inhabitants of the city of Monticello. A well was sunk near the 
depot to the depth of nearly twelve hundred feet, with the hope of securing a 
flowing well, but the hopes of the company were not fully realized. An abun- 
dant supply of water was secured, but it rose only to within forty feet of the 
surface. The funds of the company being exhausted, nothing was done for the 
space of about eighteen months, when the company sold out its interest in the 
well to the city for the amount of their investment, $3,200, the city agreeing 
to pay the same to the stockholders in the way of water-rents, in installments of 
10 per cent each year, for ten years, without interest. An open well to the 
depth of the surfiice of the standing water was dug. walled and cemented, and 
a contract was let to George F. Blake & Co., of New York, to put in a pump- 
ing apparatus, whereby the water could be pumped and carried to a reservoir 
on the hill west of the city. A reservoir was built and neatly inclosed, at the 
place named, with a capacity of two hundred and fifty thousand gallons. The 
pumps and necessary appendages have been put in place, and water-mains laid 
to the principal parts of the city, and everything has been pronounced a decided 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 475 

success. The water is excellent, nearly as soft as rain-water, and two or three 
degrees warmer than that of ordinary well-water. The supply seems to be 
entirely inexhaustible. The entire cost to the city of the Water-Works, thus 
far, has been about $16,000. 

The following officers have been duly appointed : S. Y. Bradstreet, Super- 
intendent ; Dexter Page, Engineer. Commissioners — S. Y. Bradstreet, Chair- 
man ; B. D. Paine, S. E. Sarles, M. M. Moulton, Dexter Page. 

The primary object of the company who inaugurated the enterprise has 
been consummated, and the city has a full supply of good water. From the 
water-mains, surface pipes are being put in at the present writing, and every- 
thing is eminently satisfactory. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

The Monticello Fire Company was organized in the year 1872, with a 
membership of forty-five. The company for some time were supplied with buck- 
ets only, and dependent upon no other source for water than that afforded by 
the cisterns and wells of the city. The following officers were elected at the 
organization : J. A. Chandler, Foreman ; N. W. Austin, First Assistant ; 
Dexter Page, Second Assistant; James Young, Third Assistant; George 
Whiting, Secretary ; C. A. Whiting, Treasurer. 

An engine, hose and hose cart and the necessary equipage for a first-class 
fire company have been procured, and the organization has been kept in good 
working condition, and at sundry times has rendered effective service in staying 
the ravages of fire. 

Owing to the facilities afforded by the water- works of the city, the use of 
the engine is not necessary, except at points more than a thousand feet from a 
hydrant. The present officers are : Dexter Page, Foreman ; Isaac Grover, 
First Assistant; Fred Simons, Second Assistant; William C. King, Third 
Assistant ; Peter Young, Treasurer ; Robert Young, Steward ; 0. B. Bundle, 
Secretary. The company numbers about fifty men. 

SECRET SOCIETIES. 

Monticello Lodge, No. 117, 1. 0. 0. F., was instituted at Monticello, Jones 
County, on the 16th of March, 1858, by J. J. Dickinson, W. D. D. G. Master, 
assisted by Bros. Johnson, Belknap, Lukins and Warner, of Anamosa Lodge, 
No. 40. The Lodge was instituted in the afternoon. After the ceremonies 
had been concluded, the following officers were elected and installed, according 
to the prescribed form of the Order: J. J. Brown, N. G.; A. Moulton, V. 
G.; M. M. Moulton, Secretary ; W. B. Selden, Treasurer; T. C. West, W.; 
D. McDonald, C. Petitions were received and acted upon from six applicants. 
In the evening, three candidates being present, they were initiated into the myste- 
ries of Odd Fellowship. After the installation of appointed officers, W. D. D. 
G. Master Dickinson delivered an address. The organization was made under 
favorable circumstances and has ever been in a prosperous condition. The 
charter members were Aaron Moulton, M. M. Moulton, Abram Everetts, J. J. 
Brown, E. H. Warren. The officers for the year 1879, are: W. M. Preston, 
N. G.; Seth Fowler, V. G.; G. W. Condon, Secretary ; John Rigby, Treas- 
urer; Elijah Austin, Warden; C. Henry, Conductor; Clark Byam, R. S. N^ 
G.; Judson Tucker, L. S. N. G.; J. B. L. Caldwell. R. S. Y. G.; F. A. 
Coyle, L. S. V. G.; William Tuel, R. S. S.; P. H. Conner, L. S. S.; F. S. 



476 TIISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Duger, I. G.; James Harrison, 0. G. The Lodge occupies a well-furnished 
hall and has money at interest. 

Burns Lodge. No. 178, A., F. ^^ A. Jf.— Instituted, U. D., January 18, 
A. D, 1865, A. L. 5865, and organized under charter of Grand Lodge of 
Iowa, June 21, 1865, A. L. 5865, at Monticello, Jones County. First 
officers— Brothers H. D. Sherman, W. M. ; M. R. Gurney, S. W. ; C. E. 
Wales, J. W.; H. Rosa, Treasurer; J. A. Chandler, Secretary; E. T. Mellett, 
S. D. ; S. R. Howard, J. D. ; Simon Morton, Tiler. The Lodge was organ- 
ized under favorable auspices, the members contributing ^375 to furnish hall, 
etc. M. M. Moulton was the first to receive the Master Mason's degree in this 
Lodge, April 12, 1865. The Lodge has continued to prosper, and, up to the 
1st of November, 1879, had conferred the degrees upon eighty-three persons. 

The first death in the Lodge was that of Brother S. Hopkins, an old veteran 
Mason, in March, 1867, next followed in the same month Brother C. McClosky, 
then Brother H. Bledsoe, the first petitioner for jNIasonic Light in Burns 
Lodge. Rev. R. H. Northrop died of consumption and was buried in Burns 
Lodge Lot in Monticello Cemetery. Brother Peter Karst died of cancer at 
Sand Springs, Iowa. Brothers David S. Dreibblebis and Hugh L. Matthews 
were young Masons and lived but a short time to enjoy the benefits of 
the Order. Worshipful Master P. H. Babcock is the only presiding officer 
lost by death. Brother Sandford Jacobs died after a long and lingering illness. 

The Lodge has been liberal in its benevolent expenditures, and continues 
in good working condition and shares a large measure of prosperity. The 
officers for the year 1879 are as follows : Brothers Luther Foster, W. M. ; B. 
D. Paine, S. W.; W. A. Holston, J. W. ; John 0. Duer, Treasurer; S. L. 
Gardiner, Secretary; George L. Lovell, S. D. ; Joseph E. Nye, J. D. ; Samuel 
Kahn, S. S.; Clark Byam, J. S. ; M. M. Moulton, Tiler. 

The history of Burns Lodge and Trinity Commandery was furnished by 
Sir Knight S. L. Gardiner, though we give it much abridged. 

Monticello Chapter, No. JfP., R. A. M., U. i>., instituted March 2, 2398, 
A. D. 1868, and organized under charter of the Grand Chapter of Iowa 
October 16, 2398, A. D. 1868. This Chapter was the parent of the Anamosa 
Chapter. Among the first petitioners for the degrees in this Chapter were M. 
R. Gurney, S. R. Howard and Joseph E. Eaton. Up to that time there were 
but six Royal Arch Masons in Monticello. 

First Officers— H. D. Sherman, E. H. P.; G. W. Miller, E. King; M. M. 
Moulton, E. Scribe; S. L. Gardiner, Secretary; W. P. Crowly, C. H. ; P. 
Stone, P. S.; 0. T. Richmond, R. A. C; W. L. Winter, Third Vail; R. C. 
Shinn, Second Vail ; J. C; Huntoon, First Vail ; J. P. Erabree, Tiler. 

The Chapter is in good condition, financially and otherwise, with a member- 
ship of thirty-four. Officers for 1879— M. R. Gurney, H. P.; W. W. Calkins, 
King; Samuel Kahn, Scribe; R. P. Smith, Secretary; John 0. Duer, 
Treasurer; B. D. Paine, C. H.; Luther Forster, P. S. ; S. R. Howard, R. 
A. C. ; J. A. Chandler, G. M. Third Vail ; H. M. Wright, G. M. Second 
Vail ; Isaac Rigby, G. M. First Vail ; M. M. Moulton, Tiler. 

Trinitij Commandery. No. IG, Monticello, Iowa. — This Commandery is 
the parent of the Commandery at Manchester, Delaware County; Patmos 
Commandery, at Marion, Linn County, and the Commandery at Anamosa. 
Trinity Commandery started out with an expensive outfit, said to have been 
the best in the State, costing about ^500. 

The funds were loaned by charter members, and were paid back to them in 
about a year from the time of organization, December 9, 1869. It is now 



I 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 477 

self-sustaining, its money at interest and annual dues more than meeting current 
expenses. This Comranndery donated $25 to the yellow-fever sufferers in 
1878. Hard times has temporarily checked the growth of the Commandery. 
There has been but one death in this Commandery in the ten years of its exist- 
ence — Sir Knight Porter H. Babcock, a good officer. 

The first officers were: Sir Knight H. D. Sherman, E. C; Sir Knight Sam- 
uel L. Gardiner, Gen.; Sir Knight Charles E. Wales, C. G.; Sir Knight Isaac 
L. Sinnington, Prel.; Sir Knight James Davidson, S. W.; Sir Knight F. C. 
Brown, J. VV.; Sir Knight Thomas R. Ercanbrack, W,; Sir Knight Jona- 
than Piper, Treas.; Sir Knight M. M. Moulton, Recorder. 

The officers for 1879— Sir Knight Silas M. Yoran, E. C; Sir Knight Samuel 
L. Gardiner, Gen.; Sir Knight S. R Howard, C. G.; Sir Knight C. E. 
Wales, Treas.; Sir Knight M. M. Moulton, Recorder; Sir Knight R. P. 
Smith, S. W.; Sir Knight D. E. Pond, J. W.; Sir Knight S. S. Farwell, St. 
B.; Sir Knight E. T. Mellett, S. B.; Sir Knight James Davidson, Warder ; 
Sir Knight H. D. Sherman, Sentinel. Continuation of membership — 1875, 
M. 0. Warriner, Justin Shapley, Luther Foster ; 1876, Edwin Blakslee, H. 
V. White, C. E. Merriam, D. A. Peet, C. N. Dietz, F. B. Bonniwall. 

William Tell Lodge, No. 391, I. 0. 0. i^.— Organized April, 1879, and 
works in the German language. The officers and charter members were: Sam- 
uel Kahn, N. G.; Emil Schneider, V. G.; John Wybel, Treas.; John Grum, 
Sec; J. Snyder, Warden; G. Snyder, Conductor; Geo. Shaffer, R. S. N. G.; 
H. W. Baade, L. S. N. G.; A. Guler; R. S. V. G.; J. Snyder, L. S. V. G. 

Monticello Lodge, No. Jf,"^, A. 0. U. W. — This Lodge was duly organized 
January 15, 1876, Avith the following charter members : Dr. I. H. Phillips, 
Wilson Jenkins, G. W. Miller, J. R. Stillman. G. W. Garlock, S. F. Bentley, 
J. Q. Wing, John Blanchard, N. W. Austin, W. E. Herrick and 0. B. Bundle. 
Number of members at present writing, seventy-five. The object of the organ- 
ization is co-operative life insurance. The Lodge has lost three members since 
it was organized, and paid in each case $2,000. Weekly benefits have been 
paid to those who were entitled to the same, and the Lodge kept in a good, 
prosperous condition. 

The present officers are: N. W. Austin, P. M. W.; S. G. Harris, M. W.; 
C. A. Whiting, Foreman; H. C. Suhr, Overseer; J. B. Smith, Recorder; J. 
R. Stillman, Financier; W. VV. Calkins, F. S. 

Monticello Lodge, No. 14-, of the Iowa Legion of Honor. — The object of this 
organization is quite the same as that of the Ancient Order of United Work- 
men, only that the work of the Legion of Honor is confined to the State of 
Iowa. This Lodge was organized on the 8th of May, 1879, with forty-two 
charter members. The present officers are: J. B. Smith, President; S. G. 
Harris, Vice President; J. R. Stillman, R. S ; M. M. Moulton, F. S.; H. 
Suhr, Treas.; G. W. Miller, Doorkeeper ; Fred Simons, Sentinel. The 
Legion of Honor may pay at the death of a brother $4,000, if there is that 
number of members in that class, while the Ancient Order of United Workmen 
pay only $2,000. The Legion of Honor pays no sick benefits. 

ASSOCIATIONS. 

Monticello Ladies Library Association. — The circulating library associa- 
tion, under the auspices of the ladies of Monticello, was organized in 1867, with 
the following officers : 

Mrs. S. Y. Bradstreet, President; Mrs. W. H. Proctor, Vice President; 
Mrs. G. W^. Miller, Treasurer ; Mrs. S. Langworthy, Secretary. 



478 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

The following were the charter members : Mrs. Maria Bradstreet, Mrs. 
Stephen Langworthy, Mrs. William H. Proctor, Mrs. G. W. Miller, Mrs. 
James Davidson, Mrs. W. H. Walworth, Mrs. C. E. Wales and Mrs. F. S. 
Dunham. 

A Constitution and By-Laws were adopted for the government of the Asso- 
ciation, and the society began its work without a dollar in the treasury. 

Festivals and other means were improvised from time to time, and the pro- 
ceeds used in the purchase of books. Through much that was discouraging 
the Association has passed, and, at present writing, secured for the use of those 
willing to pay the trifling sum of $1 per year, a good library of about seven 
hundred volumes. There are a goodly number of standard works in the 
library, and the Association is now in a more prosperous condition than at any 
previous time. An examination of the books warrants the belief that they 
are well cared for, and that a goodly number are read by appreciative readers. 

The Association is a valuable auxiliary to the educational forces of the city, 
and the ladies of Monticello deserve especial commendation for their literary 
taste and perseverance in a cause so meritorious. 

The present officers are: Mrs. F. S. Dunham, President; Mrs. S. R. 
Howard, Vice President; Mrs. J. R. Stillman, Secretary; Mrs. G. W. Miller, 
Treasurer. 

Blonticello Cemetery Association. — This Association was organized as an 
incorporate body on the 20th day of June, A. D. 1866. The following are 
the names of the incorporators ; E. P. Kimball, M. M. Moulton, W. H. Wal- 
worth, D. T. Gardner, S. R. Howard and J. P. Sleeper. M. M. Moulton, W. 
H. Walworth and E. P. Kimball were elected the first Trustees of the Associa- 
tion ; Mrs. B. A. F. Kimball, Treasurer. 

On the 24th of June, A. D. 1866, the Trustees purchased for the Associa- 
tion, of Mrs. George George and husband, two acres of land, and Mrs. George 
donated an acre, the whole to be used for cemetery purposes, and the one acre 
donated by Mrs. George is always to be held for the free use of the poor. The 
land is situated about a mile east of the city of Monticello, on the main road 
leading to Scotch Grove. 

At a meeting of the Association on the 20th of December, 1866, the Treas- 
urer made the following report : 

Amount collected, $283.15. Paid for land, $150 ; for lumber, $105 ; for 
nails, $8 ; for work, $7.50 ; for deed, etc., $5.50. 

The first officers continued to act until the 25th of June, 1873, when the 
following were duly elected: Trustees, H. D. Sherman, Samuel G. Gardiner, 
M. M. Moulton and C. E. Wales; Treasurer, John 0. Duer. Cash capital, 
$61.69. 

The work of improving the cemetery was now commenced. The grounds 
were surveyed, lots properly divided, the whole newly fenced, the streets and 
alleys graded, and an evergreen tree planted at the corners of each lot, making 
a living corner-stone. From that time forward, the grounds have been kept 
in a neat and tasty manner, much to the credit of the Board of Trustees. 

The money to purchase the land, improve, etc., was raised by subscription, 
largely through the efforts of Mrs. B. A. F. Kimball and Mrs. Fred Grass- 
may er. The subscriptions were in sums varying from 50 cents up to $25, 
donated by Joseph Baker. M. L. Carpenter gave $20 ; H. Rosa, $16 ; F. 
Grassmeyer, $12, and many others donated liberally. 

Monticello Union Park Association. — On the 13th day of April, 
1874, a meeting was held at the office of C. W. Gurney, in Monticello,. 



I 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 479 

and the following Articles of Incorporation were adopted and an organization 
effected : 

Articles of Incorporation of the Monticello Union Park Association : 

I. We, the undersigned, hereby form ourselves into a joint-stock company for the purpose 
of purchasing forty acres of land in the town of jNIonticello, county of Jones and State of 
Iowa, fencing and fitting the same for the purpose of a driving-park and fair-grounds. 

II. This company shall be known and designated at the " Monticello Union Park Associa- 
tion," and its principal place of business shall be at Monticello, Jones County, Iowa. 

III. The business to be transacted shall be the holding of fairs and exhibitions, and leasing 
of said grounds to such other societies and for such other purposes as the Executive Committee 
shall determine. 

IV. The capital stock of said company shall consist of $3,000, to be divided into shares of 
f 100 each ; each share to be entitled to one vote in the election of officers and the transaction 
of other business of the company. vSaid stock to be paid in on call of tlie President. 

V. This Association shall commence on the 13th day of April, 1874, and shall continue 
twenty years. 

VI. The officers of this Association shall be one President, one Vice President, one Secre- 
tary, one Treasurer and three Directors, which three, together with the President and Secretary, 
shall constitute an Executive Committee. The annual meeting of said Association shall be held 
at Monticello on the second Monday of April in each year, at which time all the above enumer- 
ated officers shall be elected, to hold their offices for one year, and until their successors are 
elected and qualified. 

VII. The indebtedness of this Association shall at no time exceed $1,000. 

VIII. No private property of stockholders shall be liable for corporate debts. 

IX. The Executive Committee shall have power to make all by-laws and regulations neces- 
sary for the government of the Association. 

Dated at Monticello the 13th day of April, 1874. Filed for record December 26, 1874. 

Names of stockholders : M. L. Carpenter, S. C. Langworthy, Hiram Tarks, 
G. S. Eastman, George Stuhler, Birdsall & Acker, Joseph Clark, L. Waushura, 
John Lorentenzen, M. M. Benedict, S. S. Farwell, Philip Kuhns, George 
Haines, J. W. Skelly, G. W. Lovell, C. E. Wales, Theodore Soetje, William 
Schoddy, Fred Grassmeyer, Gill & Noyes, S. R. Howard, N. M. Smith, John 
0. Duer, P. 0. Babcock, A, J, Monroe, Gurney & Davidson, Henry Babbe, M. 
A. Rice, F. M. Hicks. 

The following Board of Directors were elected for that year (1874) : John 
0. Duer, P. 0. Babcock and Joseph Clark. C. E. Wales was President, and 
C. W. Gurney, Secretary. 

The present officers are : M. M. Benedict, President ; G. S. Eastman, 
Vice President; John 0. Duer, Secretary and Treasurer. Directors — G. 
Haines, M. Noyes and S. R. Howard. 

The Association has purchased forty acres near the city of Monticello. The 
grounds are well fitted up for the use of the Association. The entire cost of 
purchase and preparation has been about f 3,000. The estimated value of the 
property of the Association at this time is $4,000. 

JONES COUNTY MILITIA COMPANY. 

Company D, of the Ninth Regiment Iowa National Guards, was enlisted at 
Monticello on the 17th of June, 1878, under the Military Code of the State. 
It has always been a maximum company from the first, composed of sixty- 
seven men. J. Q. Wing was unanimously chosen Captain ; Ed M. Thompson, 
First Lieutenant, and Dugal McDugal, Second Lieutenant. These officers 
were commissioned by Gov. Gear on the 23d day of July, 1878. Dugal 
McDugal was dismissed the service, and William C. Kino; elected Second 
Lieutenant in his stead. 

Capt. J. Q. Wing was elected Colonel of the Ninth Regiment on the 16th 
of August, 1879, and Lieut. Thompson took command of Company D. It is 



480 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

expected that Lieut. Thompson will be promoted to the captaincy, and that 
other promotions will be made in regular order. 

Company D is armed with the best breech-loading needle guns, and neatly 
uniformed. 

In 1878, Company D was called upon to unload a car load of tramps that 
had taken possession of a train on the Davenport & Northern Railroad. The 
work was well accomplished in a short time, although the company had been 
organized but a short time. The company is one of the best drilled in the 
military service of the State. A number of the old veterans of the late war 
are members of the company. 

JONES COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

The Jones County Agricultural Society owns property, in the way of build- 
ings, to the amount of about $1,500, on the grounds of the Park Association. 

The present Agricultural Society was organized at Monticello in the year 
1874, with the following officers : S. S. Farwell, Monticello, President ; E. 
V. Miller, Viroqua, Vice President ; C. W. Gurney, Monticello, Secretary ; 
A. M. Loomis, Wyoming, Treasurer. 

It is proper to state that an Agricultural Society was organized many years 
ago, and the meetings Avere held on the grounds near Anamosa. For a number 
of years the Society was a success, but, for some reason, the interest abated, and 
finally the Society failed to hold annual meetings, and virtually ceased to exist. 

The present Society began without a dollar in the treasury, and now owns 
property to the amount of about ^1,500, on the grounds of the Monticello 
Union Park Association. The meetings of the Society have been a success 
thus far, and a liberal amount of premiums have been paid at the annual exhi- 
bition. 

The following are the officers for the year 1879: Wm. M. Starr, Castle 
Grove, President; S. L. Gilbert, Onslow, Vice President; S. M. Yoran, Mon- 
ticello, Secretary ; F. 0. Ellison, Wyoming, Treasurer. 

THE PRINCIPAL FIRES. 

The first fire was that of D. S. Dewey's two-story frame saw-mill, at East 
Monticello, in March, 1855 ; loss, $4,000, no insurance. 

In April, 1864, the two-story shop and horse-stable of N. W. Austin, was 
burned. Loss on building, $500 : contents, horse, $100 ; tools, hay and grain, 
$100 ; one horse belonging to Mr. Ketchum, $100. Total, $800. No insur- 
ance. The fire was the work of an incendiary. Mr. Austin had been pros- 
ecuting witness in a certain liquor suit, and is supposed to have lost his shop 
and barn as a result. 

In May, 1864, the frame stable of G. Slade was destroyed by fire. It was 
Sunday evening, just after services had commenced at the M. E. Church, that 
the fire was discovered. Several prosecutions had been commenced against the 
saloon keepers for the illegal sale of intoxicating beverages. 

Some parties had hid a keg of whisky in the stable, where it was found by 
some boys, who had been taking a " nip " from it daily, and they concluded to 
take a swig before attending church, and, as it was dark, lighted a match that 
they might see ; the match fell into the dry hay, and the building was in flames 
in a moment. Loss on building, $500 ; contents, $100 ; one span of horses, 
$200. Total, $800. No insurance. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 481 

July 5, 1864, the restaurant and saloon owned and kept by J. P. Sleeper, 
was destroyed by fire, and was a total loss of about $2,000 ; no insurance. The 
fire is supposed to have been caused by fire-works on the 4th. 

A fire occurred on the 26th of July, 1868, and was supposed to be an incen- 
diary fire. The following buildings were totally destroyed : M. M. Moulton's 
two- story building on Lot 503; loss, $2,000. Loss to Odd Fellows' Lodge, 
$200 ; loss of Good Templar's Lodge, $200. Insurance, $800 ; H. D. Sher- 
man's butter in the cellar, $500 ; no insurance. 

H. M. Wright's bookstore ; loss on building and contents, $2,000 ; fully 
insured. 

C. A. Whiting's barber-shop ; loss on building and contents, $2,000, also 
fully insured. 

October 12, 1869, occurred another incendiary fire, and four buildings were 
destroyed, viz.: W. E. Berry's saloon, loss $2,000, insured, the building was 
occupied by Warriner &, Monroe, loss to them, $200 ; no insurance. 

McCormick & Kennady's store and contents, loss $2,500 ; fully insured. 

N. M. Smith's drug store ; loss on building and contents, $2,500 ; no 
insurance. 

The building owned by Dr. Smith, occupied by J. Davidson with post 
office ; loss on contents, $200 ; no insurance. 

Gardiner & Dunham's building, damaged to the amount of $1,000 ; fully 
insured. 

December 9, 1869, a partial loss by fire of C. A. Whiting's drug store ; loss 
on building, "$500 ; fully insured. 

C. J. Conley's loss on contents, $1,000. This fire was supposed to be the 
result of incendiary causes. 

January 23, 1870, C E. Wales' residence was damaged about $1,000 ; 
fully insured. 

April 14, 1870, Mr. Reiger's building was damaged by fire about $800 ; 
insured. 

Damage to the Hany Building and contents (grocery), $1,400 ; insurance, 
$450. 

Meat market of William Peterson, building and contents, $1,000 ; no 
insurance. 

W. Stambaugh's hardware store ; loss on building, $1,000 ; loss to M. 
Haran on contents, $5,000 ; fully insured. 

December 12, 1871, E. E. Burdick's tenement house at East Monticello ; 
loss, $800 ; insured. 

February 11, 1872, loss by fire of Hibbard, Frost & Wood, of frame flouring- 
mill, $14,000; no insurance. 

Dexter Page's foundry and machine-shop building; loss, $1,500; no 
insurance. 

E. B. Kinsella's warehouse burned ; loss, $500. Loss to Pat Hopkins on 
contents, $150; fully insured. 

John Kinsella's warehouse ; loss, $500 ; also insured. Langworthy & Holt, 
contents in same, $1,500 ; insured. 

Pat Washington's warehouse ; loss, $700 ; no insurance. Hake k Rohn, 
grain in same, $1,000 ; fully insured. 

A. J. Monroe's barn ; loss, $150 ; not insured. 

B. Stuart's barn ; loss, $100 ; insured for $50. 

W. E. Herrick's tools in mill ; loss, $100. E. Grissenger's tools in mill, 
loss, $100. The mill was set on fire in the night. 



482 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

March 28, 1872, A. J. Monroe's barber-shop and law office; loss, $500; 
insured. 

April 23, 1872, I). L. Norcross' dwelling-house ; loss, $800 ; insured. 

September 29, 1877, a dwelling that belonged to the estate of David Young ; 
damaged by fire, $500 ; insured. 

February 27, 1879, stone flouring-mill of H. S. Pope & Bro.; loss, $8,000 ; 
insured for $5,100. 

March 28, 1879, brick residence of D. S. Kinsella; loss, $3,000; insur- 
ance, $2,500. 

June 5, 1879, tin-shop of F. S. Dunham ; damage to building, $500 ; damage 
to contents, $3,000 ; fully insured. 

Dr. Myrick's office contents ; damages, $50. Dr. Henry's office contents ; 
damages, $50 ; no insurance. 

Damage to Mrs. Derbin's dwelling, $100 ; damage to contents, $400 ; fully 
insured. 

August 15, 1879, damage to James Young's residence, $100 ; insured. 

There have been a few other losses by fire, but the dates and amounts we 
were not able to get. 

The above facts and figures were furnished us by M, M. Moulton, Esq. 



WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 

This township is situated in the southeast part of the county, north of 
Oxford, the southwest township. The most of the surface is rather broken ; 
there is a strip of prairie on the south side, and some prairie land in the north- 
west corner, which is level or beautifully undulating. A ridge, commonly 
known as the Brainard Ridge, runs through about the center of the township 
from west to east, along which there are fine farms and good substantial build- 
ings. The northeast corner is principally timber-land, with an occasional 
slope of prairie interspersed among it. 

The farms, buildings, orchards and other improvements in the township, 
indicate a thriving and industrious people. 

Tile thriving town of Wyoming is situated in the southwestern portion of 
the township, and a portion of the town of Onslow is situated in the northeast, 
four miles from the city of AVyoming. 

EARLY REMINISCENCES OF WYOMING AND VICINITY. 

BY DR. M. H. CALKINS. 

[The following in reference to the early history of Wyoming and vicinity was 
prepared and read by Dr. M. H. Calkins, dui'ing the" Wyoming House Lecture 
Course," in April, A. D. 1878. The corrections necessary, owing to the changes 
that have taken place since that time, have been made by the Doctor, also, so 
that the statements are reliable and trustworthy. We are thus placed under 
obligations to Dr. Calkins for one of the most valuable and entertaining chapters 
in the history of Jones County. We regret to be obliged to somewhat abridge 
this portion of the early history for the want of space. Much that would be 
very entertaining is necessarily omitted ; but we have endeavored to retain all 
the historical facts. The Doctor, whose biography appears elsewhere, is a 




^. 




. // ^Sc^-^^. 



l-a^^l^ 



I. 



41 

1 



i 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 485 

strong and vigorous writer, and, at times, expresses himself with much rhetorical 
eflfect. From the fact that the important facts of history of the schools and 
churches are given by Dr. Calkins, no separate history of them will be given. 
— Editor.] 

" The early history of any community is seldom preserved for posterity. 
A generation lives, acts its part, passes away, and little is known of the details 
of the operations by which grand results were reached. Every generation views 
the results of the preceding one in their totality and condemns in jobbing lots, 
or at wholesale lauds. Could we have access to that book where time records 
the acts of men, it would be an easy task to write the history of the past. But 
when, in antiquarian research, we are compelled to rely upon the treacherous 
memory of the living whose knowledge is often derived from tradition, it becomes 
an arduous task and is often inaccurate. In my search for items of early his- 
tory, I have not found a man who has kept a record of the passing events in 
which he was engaged, and Avhich so often interest posterity. Memory alone 
has been relied upon, and hence some of the statements I shall make may be 
incorrect. Memory cannot always be relied upon, particularly in reference to 
dates. The young look forward, and time seems long. The old glance back- 
ward and time seems short, and the date of interesting occurrences is often mis- 
placed. This arises from the fact that no record is kept. 

" Nearly four decades have passed and have been marked on eternity's dial, 
during which the events I am about to relate, have transpired. 

" The first decade began in 1889, and could be easily summarized. It 
was a noble struggle of a few men for homes. The second decade, begun in 
1849, Avas filled with stirring events and noble progress. The third was nobler 
still, for to the victories of peace were added the laurels of war for our nation's 
life, in which the citizens of this township acted a noble part. Nine-tenths of 
the fourth decade have flitted away with progress marking every step, and 
every step keeping time with improvement's rapid march. To-day 1 must 
speak of these different epochs as a single group in Time's great calendar. If 
I shall succeed in rescuing from the fast receding past some incidents con- 
nected with the early history of this township, my object Avill have been accom- 
plished. 

''The hardy pioneer, struggling with the various disadvantages incident to 
life on the frontier, has little time and less inclination to mark the changes con- 
nected with the growth and development of a wilderness into 'a land that buds 
and blossoms like the rose.' The great changes which time, with its various 
agencies, is producing around him, are not realized, and the interest that the 
future will take in reviewing the past is hardly thought of. He is busy 
with the present and its necessities, generally struggling with poverty, but 
buoyant with hope. He expects to secure a home and be surrounded in a 
short time with the charms of good society, educational and religious priv- 
ileges, in the enjoyment of wealth and the full fruition of early hopes. He 
carries with him the impress of the institutions of the locality where he li\ed, 
and fosteys them. They are the institutions of civilization, and often of refine- 
ment. He expects to be overtaken by the car of progress, laden with the golden 
fruits of society. Religious privileges and educational advantages he expects 
will follow, Avith all the charms and blessings they confer. Like Moses, in 
some respects, he views the promised land ; unlike him, occupies it ; like him, 
time is not given to share in its full glory. Dihipidation and decay are dis- 
tanced by the outstretched arm of improvement, its polishing hand ; and soon, 

J 



486 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

very soon, in this new world and on these fertile prairies, beside these pure 
streams of limpid w;iter, with an atmosphere laden with health-giving influ- 
ences, noble farms spread out before the admiring gaze of the tourist, Avho, in 
these later years, for tiie first time visits these fertile valleys. He beholds low- 
ing herds of splendid cattle feeding upon nature's broad pastures, or ruminating 
by the side of well-filled racks and mangers. He listens to the contented grunt 
of large droves of squealing porcines, fed with a prodigal liberality. He notes 
the symmetry of the different grades of vast numbers of noble horses ; wonders 
at their perfection and adaptation to man's various tastes and uses. He sees 
vast fields of luxuriant grain, and calculates in all these departments there is 
enough to supply the demands of a population a hundred-fold more dense. He 
beholds buildings that denote homes of ease, wealth and luxury, comfort and 
refinement, thriving towns and prosperous cities, with all their allurements for 
good and subtle entanglements for evil, arise as if by magic, and these, with 
the choice farms, transform the prairie in all its grand magnificence and wild 
beauty, with its aboriginal inhabitants wilder still, the running deer, the loping 
elk, the beast of prey, the whistling quail, the whirring hen, emblems of the 
wilderness where civilization has never disturbed the wild beast in his lair, oi 
the birds in their aerial flights have never been frightened by the sharp report 
of the sportsman's gun and its reverberating sound. In a single word, these 
emblems of nrimeval wildness have been supplanted by the benign influences of 
a Christiai. civilization, transforming and reclaiming, with all their moral power. 
Remember that nearly all this change has been wrought within a half-century. 
I refer to the Great West — the valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries. 

"The first permanent settlers of a new country are a hospitable people. 
As I said, they are in pursuit of homes and with those who come for this 
laudable object, actuated by this noble purpose, controlled by immutable prin- 
ciples of right, every arrival of upright citizens is welcomed with a warmth ot 
friendship, the genuineness of which is never questioned. No mere formal 
friendship welcomes the arrival of the sturdy and industrious emigrant to the 
frontier home of him who is patiently waiting for civilization to drive the wild] 
beasts and the barbarous Indians from the vicinity of his home. The elk and] 
the deer, the wild beast and untutored savage, and the white man Avho has fledl 
from violated law and outraged society will occupy the same country, but! 
when enterprise, science, art, religion, with all the paraphernalia of reclaiming' 
civilization approaches, the wild beasts flee, the red men scatter, and the out- 
law, like the Arab, folds his tent and is gone. Domestic animals take the 
place of wild beasts. Thrifty husbandry supplants the chase, the schoolhouse 
tells of educational interests ; the church, with its spire pointing to realms of 
everlasting light, proclaims faith in Him who died for all. The dead are 
buried with religious rites, while to the living is taught a lesson by the side of 
the open grave, of the brevity of human life. The savage was buried, too, 
amid barbarous whoops, expecting to go to the happy hunting-ground, where 
his gun would be his boon companion and the chase his everlasting pastime. 
Permanent homes have been established where lived the wandering tribes of 
America. The land that was a wilderness, 'flows with milk and hone}".' The 
arts are cultivated, science encouraged, industry honored, worth appreci- 
ated, religion fostered. AVhat a change I We call it civilization. Space 
will not permit us to pursue this train of thought longer. I have alluded to 
these changes in order to show the vast diff'erence between the present with all 
its beauty and attractiveness, and that condition that existed at the time of the 
advent of men who still live in our midst. But little more than the time 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 48T 

allotted to a single generation has passed away, during which all these changes 
have been produced. We wonder at this rapid transformation. We consider 
that this change, this rapid march of civilization, is but a nucleus around 
which shall gather in the coming future, nobler deeds and more grand achieve- 
ments. * * * July 27, 1839, there came into this township an 
emigrant band, composed of fourteen persons, counting men, women and 
children, and they came to stay. They came as pioneers, as an advance-guard 
of what was to follow. They looked upon this valley covered with tall and 
luxuriant grass, they noted the crystal waters of these pebbled streams, cor- 
rectly estimated the fertility of the soil, and anchored their prairie schooner 
beneath the shade of this adjacent grove and became the sovereign lords of 
Wyoming Township. They were sheltered in that primeval bower and 
charmed with birds' enchanting songs. Mrs. Lilie's house now stands where 
was the first pitched tent that covered the first civilized man that made this 
valley his permanent home. 

* * -1= * * * *: 

" In that band of fourteen persons there were four stalwart men, three fearless- 
women and seven helpless children. Around them on every hand were beast* 
of prey — bears, wolves, panthers and wild-cats. Deer, elk and buffalo hurried 
from their presence. There were also birds and prairie-hens. The stealthy- 
tread of the Indian was often heard, and his lurking presence more often sus- 
pected. The Indiana were great beggars, but seldom stole anything till they 
were about to depart for some other quarter. When they were about to leave,, 
and were packing up their traps, they would not institute very rigid 
inquiries in reference to the ownership of any article that came in their 
way. Things that were worthless, and those that were valuable, all shared the 
same fate. Thou shalt not covet, was a doctrine of which they knew but little^ 
and cared less. Thou shalt not steal, was not a fundamental doctrine in their 
creed. But they practiced from the precept, '"He that provideth not for his^ 
own household is worse than an " — Indian. While they were staying around, 
they would not even shoot a prairie-hen from your corn-crib without asking: 
permission. They seemed to be far above stealing chickens, even if they were- 
wild, and, in this respect, were superior to some of their white successors. 

" These first fourteen settlers all came in one wagon, and were drawn by three- 
yoke of oxen. They had a few cows, a few head of young cattle and three dogs^ 
They came from Indiana, and, after crossing the Mississippi, followed up the- 
Maquoketa Valley, and found a few settlers below Monmouth, in Jackson 
County, where there were large tracts of Government land, but they had taken 
Greeley's advice in advance, and were going West. Leaving the settlement 
below Monmouth, they came up through the timber and out on to the prairie, 
near where Morse and son reside. Here they fastened a log behind their wagon 
to make a mark by which they could retrace their steps, if they desired to do so. 
Then striking out boldly into the tall prairie grass, leaving all previous marks oF 
civilized man without knowing what they might encounter, not expecting to see- 
the face of a white man till they should return, they started out on this 
unknown prairie sea in pursuit of a spot which, in after life, they might call hj 
that name always dear — home. By the aid of imagination, we can see them, 
stand on the summit of yonder hill, beneath a scorching July sun, and look 
across this fertile valley to the cool shade of the grove in the rear of our town p 
then, with vision leaving the grove, to the right they could look up the valley 
of the Great Bear till the prairie was lost in the horizon of the West, where- 
azure blue and prairie green were blended. What scene on nature's great 



488 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

panorama could be more lovely, what spot more inviting, where a place more 
beautiful ? Sheltered from fierce westerly winds and northern blasts by a 
magnificent grove of sturdy oaks and tall hickories clothed in summer's grand 
drapery, where the sun's first morning ray warmed, and the shade intercepted 
the noontide heat ; the pure crystal waters of Little Bear Creek flowing along 
its margin, an outlet for bubbling springs from earth's internal streams, a soil 
of unsurpassed richness, a landscape beautiful to look upon ; the monotony of 
its distant view broken by hill and dell, and running stream, and forest tree ; 
the luxuriant grass bending, waving, surging before the prairie breeze like 
billows of the soa, whose crests were capped with indigenous flowers of rare 
fragrance and beauty, its virgin soil ready to laugh a harvest whenever tickled 
by the plowshare and scratching harrow of the husbandman. Here were the 
elements of future wealth, and on the margin of this primeval forest was erected 
the first home in Wyoming Township. When we review the past to that time, 
how forcibly do we realize the language of Whittier : 

" ' I hear the treaJ of pioneers, 
Of nations yet to he. 
The first low wash of waves, 

Where soon shall roll a human sea.' '' 

" These were the times that tried men's souls some and women's more. We 
can hardly imagine the deprivations these pioneers must have endured, their 
nearest neighbors being ten miles away. No saloons to visit, no store in which 
to lounge, no dry-goods boxes on which to sit and whittle, no school, no tax- 
ation (what a comfort), no milliner to charm and fascinate with bonnets in 
the four seasons' latest styles, no dressmaker to fit the human form divine and 
make it a little more divine, no tailor to make your suits in the latest fashion, 
no barber to shave the down from the anxious youth's lip or color the mustache 
of the veteran who would disguise age with youth's beauty. They were a dis- 
tinct people, and except the Indians and wild beasts, there were ' none to molest 
or make afraid.' When the scanty supply of provisions they had brought 
with them was exhausted, thc}^ were compelled to retrace their steps along the 
log-beaten track they had made to the settlement in Jackson County, purchase 
grain and go to Dubuque to have it ground. There was honey in the land, 
but no locust with heavenly manna scattered by the bountiful hand of Omnip- 
otence. The staft' of life must be brought from afar. Fourteen persons were 
thus to be fed, where no raven proclaimed the interposition of Providence, and 
no supernatural power produced food with which to maintain life. Energy, 
decision and firmness were necessary to provide sustenance, when situated so 
remote from the haunts of civilized life. 

"This isolation could be endured in summer ; but when winter came with its 
icy desolation, and the earth was covered with the white frost of crystallization, 
lonely indeed must have been this immigrant band. The log-beaten track oblit- 
erated by the fallen snow, and communication with those distant neighbors made 
exceedingly hazardous. Disease invaded the realm of this people the first 
year, and a little child a year old was taken from the parental embrace to 
fields of everlasting light. It was a pioneer from this section to the unknown 
realm of immortal glory. It was the first link in an ever-lengthening chain 
that binds Wyoming to heaven. A little grave was dug near Mr. Ilanna's res- 
idence, and there silently was borne the mortal remains of David Pence's 
child. A few friends gathered around that silent grave and dropped the grief- 
laden tear upon that rude coffin. No minister with uncovered head, in priestly 
garb or sacerdotal robes, stood there to pour the oil of consolation into those 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 489 

wounded hearts. No lesson was enforced on the brevity of life or the evan- 
escence of things sublunary, no finger pointed heavenward, no voice pro- 
claimed, ' Suffer little children to come unto Me, and forbid them not, for of 
such is the kingdom of heaven.' There, on that ridge of land running out 
into the prairie, like a promontory into the ocean, was this grave made. The 
mother followed a few years later ; the father afterward gave his life to his 
countr\', and no brother or sister is left to shed tears of sorrow over the 
unmarked grave of this first victim of the relentless destroyer. I will add, no 
doctor tried to assist Nature's recuperative powers, and you may say, if you 
like, that the death was probably natural. 

" James Van Voltenbergh was the patriarch of these first settlers, and with 
his wife and nine children, one son-in-law, one daughter-in-law, and one 
grandchild, whose death we have mentioned, made up the fourteen pei^ons. 
Of these, there are five still living, Joseph, in Decatur County, a voluntary 
exile from the land of his fathers, not sold into captivity by jealous and envious 
brothers ; while in an adjoining township, still lives Taylor and his wife, and 
also Peter and Dan. They have long since dropped the patronymic name, in 
part, and are now known by the more euphonious and simple cognomen of Van. 
The old name took in number, ofte more than half the entire alphabet, and one 
less than half of the whole number of letters. 

" The first meeting these people had the privilege of attending was five miles 
beyond Canton, and thither the three women wended their way on foot, the 
men were too busy to leave, there was too much to do, and these three unpro- 
tected women started out to hear 'the glad tidings of great joy,' The first 
day, they went as far as Mr. Beers', ten miles east of here, the next day went 
to meeting and back to Mr. Beers', and the next day came home, having trav- 
eled on foot more than thirty miles to hear the Gospel. The preacher was a 
Presbyterian. The first meeting in this township was held at Van's. The 
preacher was a Presbyterian, and his text. ' Is there no balm in Gilead, is there 
no physician there?' This Mas in 1842. The audience was not large, and 
probably not very fashionably attired ; but they could listen to the preacher, as 
he unfolded the great truths of the Gospel, explained the grand plan of salva- 
tion, and told of the rich mercies of redeeming grace, a balm for every wounded 
soul, and pictured the everlasting beauties of a 'home over there.' 

" This isolated condition was favorable to the development of feelings of 
dependence. At that time, the inhabitants of the township were less than two 
score. They felt their dependence upon each other, were mutually interested in 
each other's pi'osperity, and mutually expected to share hardships and enjoy 
the happiness in store for them. The minister before alluded to was traveling 
through the country, perhaps a missionary looking up the sheep that had wan- 
dered from the fold. Here he halted and broke the bread of life acceptably 
to those spiritually famishing people ; continued his journey, sowing the seed, 
but not knowing what the harvest would be; his name forgotten, his theme 
cherished, his lesson remembered. The next minister was Moses Garrison. 
He belonged to the United Brethren, and organized the first church in 
Wyoming Township. The organization was effected at James Van's, and the 
meetings held there about three years. After this time, the Campbellites 
effected an organization, and the Society of United Brethren was abandoned, 
some of its members going to the Methodists, some to the Campbellites, and 
some went — God only knows where. In 1844, the North Mineral Society 
was organized by Joel B. Taylor, then in the interest of the Methodist Church. 
He was a young man, whom Conference has since honored with prominent and 



490 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

responsible positions. He is still a watchman on Zion's Tower, and proclaims 
the Gospel at Belle Plain, in this State. I allude to this Church as a part of 
the early history of this township because this whole region was tributary to that 
organization, and there was built the first church edifice in all this vicinity. It 
was not remarkable for its architectural beauty, but it sheltered early Christians 
from pelting storms, was a place for them to assemble together to hear the 
preached Word, Avhere prayer was wont to be made. It was situated in Clay 
Township, and was a kind of religious Mecca, where religious pilgrims wended 
their way from a large region of country round about. The north part of this 
township furnished several Gospel guns, who met there regularly for target 
practice, the hardened sinners being the targets. Some of them fired solid 
shots of truth, while others hurled empty, screeching, bursting shells, the frag- 
ments of which hit by accid-ent, but sometimes did fearful execution. There 
were Thomas and Joel B. Taylor, father and son, the former gone home ; J. 
D. Williams, now living at Ackley ; James Johnson, living at Camanche ; John 
B. Nichols and Otis Cutler, gone to their reward, besides many others from 
other pkces round about. I have been told that the wicked Avere sometimes 
\'ery turbulent over there, and it has ever been said that the professedly pious 
too sometimes wandered from the paths of moral rectitude. On one occasion, 
it is said that an old preacher, in rebuking those who were indecorous in their 
behavior, said it seemed to him as though the worst 'helements' in society 
congregated there. It has long since ceased to be a place where God is 
ivorshiped. The development of the country has made new centers for busi- 
ness and religious worship, and the church has been torn down and moved to 
this township, near the residence of old Mr. Conally. It has been rebuilt, 
much improved, and is a useful as well as ornamental structure in the neighbor- 
hood. In it are held many religious meetings by clergymen located in the 
vicinity, and from it the dead are buried in an adjacent cemetery. 

'* Old Mrs. Van Voltenbergh died in 1846, aged sixty-five years. Her's 
•was the first funeral sermon preached in the township. Rev. John Ster- 
ling was the minister, who lived in the big woods beyond Rome, or Olin, as 
it is now called. Old Mr. Van Voltenbergh died in 1853, aged eighty-five 
years. 

" William Knight moved into this township in 1840, about a year after 
the first settlement was made. I have not been able to learn much of his ante- 
cedents. The whole family left this part of the country many years ago, and 
located in California, where Mr. Knight died. He first located on tlie farm 
owned by S- G. Franks, then where Henry Aldrich resides, then on the 
farm owned by J. B. Wherry, and from here moved to California. I said 
he came in 1840. There may be some mistake about this, for there 
are some reasons for believing that he Avas here at the time of Noah's flood, 
and he might have been Noah himself He would tell with great can- 
dor of seeing this valley deeply submerged with water, and tradition 
says he boasted of having swum from the present residence of Henry Aldrich 
to this hill, with a log-chain around his neck. For aught I know, this 
valley might have been the theater of Jonah's wonderful exploits, and Mr. 
Knight might have been Jonah himself, or, if the doctrine taught by some is 
true, he might have been the whale that swallowed Jonah ; at any rate, he 
had a very large mouth. In conversation, he was vehement and boisterous, 
but is said to have been quite a kind-hearted man. His wife was entitled to 
the lasting gratitude of many of the earlier settlers. On many and oft-repeated 
occasions, she visited the sick and aftlicted, ministering to their necessities and 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 491 

alleviating their suiferings. She ivas a useful woman, and this simple sentence 
tells more than would a whole volume written in the interests of fashion. 

" Johnson Knight and Anna Simpson were the first persons married in the 
township. Who performed the ceremony, whether it was a wedding in high 
life or not, what the bridal presents were, or how many cigars it took to pre- 
vent the boys from "serenading" them, I have been unable to ascertain. The 
bride probably thought that Knight Avas not always darkness. The Knight 
boys were very useful in breaking up and subduing these primitive prairies. 
Ten yoke of oxen, hitched to a plow that turned a furrow three feet wide, was 
a terror to the indolent rattlesnake, and a caution to the Indian to ' stand from 
under.' Indeed, it looked a good deal like business to a white man to see ten 
yoke of oxen drawing a plow that was turning a furrow a yard wide, not guided 
by human hands, the oxen being driven by a man on horseback, with a whip 
that looked like a long fisiiing-pole, with a lash for a line, big enough to hold 
Jonah's whale. To those of us who, in early life, were accustomed to plow in 
the stony and stumpy grounds of the East, with fields so small that our heads 
became dizzy with frequent turning, it looked strange to see a furrow as straight 
as an arrow, a mile in length, turning over the rich, black prairie soil that had 
been enriched from year to year by deposits from the decay of its own produc- 
tions, adding the fertilizing wealth of unknown ages to its latent productive 
resources. On every acre of this prairie land were tons of roots of various 
grasses, woven and interwoven so as to form a fibrous mass, which, when 
exposed to the air and warmed by summer heat and moistened by summer 
showers, decayed, adding their fertilizing influence to the great future's useful 
vegetation. In those primitive days, the ox did the greater part of the work 
connected with farming. The almost universal use of the horse for domestic 
purposes is a modern innovation in this region. Twenty or twenty-five years 
ago, it was a very common thing to see six or eight yoke of oxen with an empty 
wagon attached, coming to town. It looked a little extravagant, and a waste 
of power ; but remember, when men were breaking prairie then, there were no 
pastures to put cattle into, and, if the plow needed repairs, the whole force had 
to go Avith it. 

" The first sod that yielded to the plowshare in this township Avas about 
where Green street is located, and commenced at the creek and ran east to 
where stands those cottonAvood trees in the road, north of S. G. Franks, a dis- 
tance of three-quarters of a mile. There Avere no cottonwood trees there then ; 
those trees are of later growth. The Indian must have thought that the world 
was being turned upside down, as he witnessed the rolling-over of the prairie 
sod. Little did his untutored mind contemplate the great process of civiliza- 
tion that was being begun. Little did he dream that that was the beginning of 
a process that, in a short time, would change the productions of the soil of this 
valley, from grass that was used only to kindle the prairie fire, to fields of 
golden grain for the use of man and beast, and help develop this Western coun- 
try and give it the grand name, 'the granary of the Avorld.' 

"FIRST SCHOOLHOUSE. 

" The first schoolhouse in the toAvnship Avas built half a mile east of S. G. 
Franks' residence, in 1844. The size Avas 12x14 feet, and Avas made of logs. 
Silas Garrison Avas the teacher, the number of scholars seven, the price Avas 
^8 a month, the teacher boarding himself. The Indians Avere much delighted 
with school, and Avould often go in to visit it, and, I suppose, note its progress. 



492 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

They seemed to be superintendents of the institution generally, and after 
becoming satisfied with its workings, would give the Indian grunt and leave. 

"FIRST STORE. 

" The first store opened in the township was Avhere Daniel Cooley now lives, 
or in a framed building standing in front of his present fine residence. The 
merchant was M. Q. Simpson, and, I think, he was once Sheriff of the county. 
There was talk at that time of laying out a town at that place, but like many 
such projects in the West, ended in talk. That part of Jones County now 
embraced in the townships of Washington, Clay, Scotch Grove, Madison and 
Wyoming. Avas first organized under the name of Clay Precinct, and the first 
election held at Abraham Hostetters. on Farm Creek, north of Walter's jNlills. 
I have been informed that at the third election there were twenty-one votes 
polled from the territory now constituting the five townships before mentioned. 

" ORGANIZATION OF THE TOWNSHIP. 

" Pierce Township was organized April 3, 1854, at the house of William 
Stuart, now the residence of John Lamey. I judge from the town records that 
the organization of a township was a very simple affair. The electors of what 
is now Wyoming Township assembled at the house of Mr. Stuart, according 
to previous notice. From what authority the notice emanated, I know not, but 
it was called for the purpose of organizing a township and holding one of the 
semi-annual elections. The meeting was called to order, and the venerable 
Nathan Potter, who died in the summer of the present year (1879), at eighty- 
six years of age, was called to the chair. He was a man of sterling integrity 
and genuine worth. He moved into this township from Jackson County in 
1853; was formerly from Ohio. He leaves within our borders one son, James 
Potter, and one daughter, the wife of E. jNI. Franks. The electors then pro- 
ceeded to the election of Judges of Election, which resulted in the choice of 
Thomas Green, William Stuart and George Vaughn. Thomas Green, a native 
of New York, moved from Indiana to Jones County, and settled in the Big 
Woods in 1840. He attended the first land sale held in the Territory, at 
Dubuque. In 1852, Mr. Green moved in this township and bought William 
Knight's claim for the sum of ^1,340. This claim consisted of a log house 
and the frame of a new house, standing on the fiat, north of J. B. 
Wherry's barn, with eighty acres of land fenced and twenty-five acres broke, 
and all the land that joined him. Mr. Green moved the frame of that house 
on to the hillside, completed it and lived in it nearly twenty years. In it he 
probably entertained as many persons with prodigal hospitality as any man in 
the township. That house is still doing service as the residence of H. H. 
Peck, in Madison Township. Mr. Green entered the land on which is located 
the town of Wyoming in 1852. He soon became the most extensive farmer 
in Wyoming, and brought into the township the first reaper. It was one of 
McCormick's best, a huge thing, painted blue. Its reel rolled around and 
looked like an ancient, ponderous overshot wheel. It was vastly superior to 
to the Armstrong reaper, that had been in use so long before. It took four 
horses to draw that machine, but in its track was left the smooth stubble and 
the well-arranged gavel. Mr. Green i'? the only survivor of those three Judges 
of that first election. He recently went West. George Vaughn, the father of 
Philander Vaughn, died the same year, on the farm now owned by Elizabeth 



HISTOKY OF JONES COUNTY. 493 

Aldrich. He came to this town in 1853 from Ohio. William Stuart went to 
California several years ago, where he died. He came to this town from Ohio 
in 1853. The Clerks of that election were Hezekiah Moore and L. W. Stew- 
art. The former was at one time engaged in the mercantile business in this 
town and now lives in Canton. The latter is the proprietor of the Ke3'stone 
Mills, and has been honored by the people in Jackson County with a seat in 
both branches of the State Legislature. After the election and qualification of 
these officers, the election was held for State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion, County Fund Commissioner and township officers. Nathan Potter was 
the first Assessor, and Seaborn Moore and W. H. Holmes, Justices of the 
Peace ; R. Durgin, A. J. Perrin and Samuel Conally were the first Trustees ; 
Hezekiah Moore was the Township Clerk ; Sedley C. Bill and Thomas Silsbie, 
Constables. The number of votes polled was sixty-three. Of that number, 
two have gone West, twenty are in the vicinity and twenty-seven have joined 
that throng going to the pale realms of shade. The record of the subsequent 
elections tells its own story of the rapid settlement of the township. In 1855, 
there were 109 ; in 1856, there were 166 ; in 1859, there w^ere 184. indicating 
an aggregate gain in three years of 600 people in a single township. Elections 
were then held twice a year. They doubtless considered them a good thing, a 
sort of holiday, and it seems a little strange that while they were enjoying this 
inherent right of an American citizen to such an extent that they did not 
extend that right to the females. This is the only evidence I have seen of 
selfishness on the part of early settlers. 

"I have not been able to discover any reason why the township was called 
Pierce, but suppose it was from the fact that Franklin Pierce, of New Hamp- 
shire, was at that time President of the United States, and a majority of the 
voters were Democrats and they desired to magnify his great name, and, 
hence, called the township Pierce. The position the President assumed in ref- 
erence to the Missouri Compromise line and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, alienated 
many of his former friends and exasperated his former opponents, and may 
have been, in part, the real reason why thjC name was changed in order to blot 
his name from the future records of the township. In the winter of 1856-57, 
a petition was circulated and numerously signed, to have the name of the 
township changed. The petition was sent to Judge Holmes, he being the Rep- 
resentative from this county, who introduced a bill in the Legislature to have 
the same changed from Pierce to Wyoming. * * * * 

***** Compared with Wyoming, Maquo- 

keta and Anamosa are quite ancient towns, and a distance of forty miles inter- 
venes. There Avas an actual necessity for the location of a town between the 
places to accommodate the mechanical, manufacturing and commercial wants 
of a large section of country that Avould soon resound with the activities of 
various industries. Land-sharks and speculators had often looked upon the 
possessions of Thomas Green with covetous eyes, as a natural place to build a 
town, being equidistant "from the towns mentioned, while north and south 
there was hardlv a town between Dubuque and Davenport. Before the town 
of Wyomino- was located, building had commenced in anticipation of such an 
event' The main road, and, in fact, the only road in this vicinity as traveled, 
was from east to west, and was a continuation of the road from the top of the 
hill at Mr. Elwood's, east across the north end of our cemetery and north of J. 
B. Wherry's orchard, and connected with the road running south of R. B. 
Hanna's farm. In 1854, on this road near the corner of J. B. Wherry's 
orchard, William P. L. Russell (now in Chicago), built a small building in 



494 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

which he lived and kept a store. I don't suppose his stock of goods was equal 
to that of the late A. T. Stewart, of New York, or that of Field, Leiter & 
Co., of Chicago, but he did sell sixteen pounds of sugar for ^1, and not very 
good sugar either. About one year previous to this, William H. Vaughn had 
built a blacksmith-shop a little north of Russell's store, on the southeast corner 
of Barton Loomis' farm. You Avill readily see that the two first buildings 
erected in Wyoming were not in Wyoming at all; you will also see that the 
first buildings were for business. This embryo town was called Marshfield, 
after one C. J. Marsh, who was represented to have influence with a railroad 
company, then in its formative stage. A post office was established, also 
called Marshfield, and Mr. Russell duly installed Postmaster. Thus, with Mr. 
Green's house for a hotel, Mr. Russell's for a store and post office, and 
Vaughn's blacksmith-shop, the town was a fixed fact and almost a Western 
city. Strange as it may seem, with all these evidences of a town, men would 
pass through this hatching city just emerging from its prairie shell, and not 
see it or hear its business peep. John Tasker, living on his farm three miles 
north of here, accidentally heard of a town, not far away, having sprung up 
almost by magic. One day he thought he would go down to Marshfield and 
see the town, transact a little business and become acquainted with the business 
men of the place, and, if possible, learn how soon his farm would be engulfed 
in the growing city. So ornamenting his shoulders with a plow-lay to be 
sharpened, and his pockets full of letters to be mailed, he started off across 
the prairie on foot. 

"Wrapped in thought and lost in meditative mood, he passed along through 
the town without seeing hotel, post office, shop or store till he arrived at the 
residence af A. W. Pratt. Here he called, and in Scotch accents inquired the 
road to Marshfield. Mrs. Pratt, with a broad smile, told him he had just 
passed through the town. She little thought, as that smile wore away, that 
she had been laughing in the face of one of Wyoming's future statesmen. 

The public highway being north of Mr. Green's house and building beginning 
there, with the subsequent laying-out of the town where it is, explains why Mr. 
Green's barn always seemed to be in the front yard of his old house. It was 
supposed then that the town would be built on the ground occupied in the year 
1877 for the Fourth of July celebration. In 1854, the Iowa Central Air-Line 
Railroad Company was organized with S. S. Jones, of Illinois, as President. 
Starting from Sabula, on the Mississippi River, a line was looked up running 
to Maquoketa, thence to Anamosa, Mariori' and west to the Missouri River. 
Application was made to Congress for assistance, by way of a land . grant, 
which was obtained in the spring of 1856, and Lyons made the point from 
which to leave the Mississippi River. Everything now seemed to be on the 
high-road to prosperity in the whole country that was to be tributary to the 
business of this contemplated road. Land advanced in price, and he who had 
a few forties was soon to be a millionaire, while he who had an eligible town 
site possessed a golden Mecca, where those who worshiped at Mammon's 
shrine would congregate and fill his pockets with gold in exchange for land in 
parsimonious parcels. A corps of engineers had been over the line proposed 
and permanently located it, and the valley of the Big Bear Creek was considered 
the route. 

" J. A. Bronson, from Wyoming County, N. Y., visited this section in 
June, 1854, and bought of Thomas Green the present town site at $14 per 
acre, and, with his brother, B. K. Bronson, and C. J. Marsh, laid out the 
town of Wyoming in the winter of 1855, intending to call it Marshfield. 



niSTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 495 

People abroad not knowing why it was called Marshfield, thought it must be a 
wet, marshy country, and the name on that account was a little obnoxious. 
Emigrants were pouring into the State by thousands, all intent upon locating 
in the best town or on the best lands. Bronson would go away from home and 
meet people looking for places to settle. He would, in glowing terms, represent 
to them the advantages of this town and the beautiful country around. It was 
wonderful to see the enthusiasm he would manifest in describing the beauty and 
fertility of his chosen s.pot. It was painful to see his disappointment and 
chagrin when they would timidly ask ' If the name of his town indicated the 
general condition of the country?' The disappointed look soon changed to 
one of indignation as he almost fiercely replied, 'No, sir.' 'The poet,' said he. 
' may sing "What's in a name," if he choose, but, unless we change the name 
of our town, its prospects will be ruined.' Wj^oming, Waverly and Westfield 
were suggested. Some said, 'Call the town Bronson,' and James A. quickly 
replied, 'I am too modest for that.' Bronson favored Wyoming. He had 
lived in its fertile valley, and his childhood's home was associated with its 
euphonious memories in the far East. It was familiar both in history and song. 
In history it is connected with one of the bloodiest massacres in the annals of 
American barbarity, while in song it is commemorated in sweetest melodies. 
These were the reasons why the name of the town was changed and Wyoming 
substituted for Marshfield. It was never recorded as Marshfield, but by com- 
mon consent was to be called and known by that name. I was speaking of the 
Old Air-Line Railroad, but digressed a little to speak of Wyoming and its 
name. In the summer of 1856, work was commenced along the whole line, 
from a few miles west of here to the Mississippi River. To do this work there 
came quite an army of sturdy laborers with pick and shovel, with scraper and 
cart. They Avere ready to make the 'crooked straight and the rough places 
smooth,' upon which to lay the iron track for the hoofless steed, as with panting 
breath he should obey the commands of commerce and respond to dictates of 
the hurried traveler. On Pleasant Ridge there grew a mushroom town. There 
was a hotel, a shop and store and many shanties, too. Irishmen with wit and 
brogue were as thick as fiddlers are said to be in Tophet's roar. The winter 
was terrible, the cold exceedingly severe. Horses died from exposure and were 
taken to the 'dump,' the engineer computing their value by the yard. Toes, 
fingers and noses were frozen and strong men cried as they were hurried to the 
cut and dump. 

" 'Money became scarce, our hopes to zero dropped; 

The price of hind and corner lots fell ; 

And envy said : " That's Wyoming's knell." ' 

" We saw the laborers 'lay down the shovel and the hoe;' we witnessed the 
departure of long lines of carts and shanties piled thereon, while something 
seemed to say : 

" 'The Old Air Line is dead, 

And Bronson's hopes have fled.' 

" The town on Pleasant Ridge was gone, and of all that busy throng who 
labored there, there are left but the Lameys — Michael, Thomas and John. Of 
those who labored in the valley, and made yonder grass-covered roadbed, there 
is left but one — John Gorman, one of Hale's wealthy and enterprising farm- 
ers. S. S. Jones, of Illinois, was the President of that railroad company, and 
his course in connection therewith was the subject of much animadversion 
along the line of the contemplated road. He afterward became a spiritualist, 
and was shot some months ago in Chicago, by the husband of his alleged 



496 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

paramour. Whether his apparent duplicity was intentional, accidental, or 
unavoidable, I am not prepared to say. But if he was guilty of one-half 
of the misdemeanors alleged, he is probably sojourning where an interview 
would be very uncomfortable. 

'• I said the town of Wyoming was laid out in the winter of 1855. In 
February of that year, A. G. Brown brought the first load of lumber into the 
town. It was for J. M. Smith & Chapin, who had made arrangements to 
build a cabinet-shop, and for this purpose built a part -of what is now the Val- 
ley House. It was raised the 15th day of April, and Ogden's old store build- 
ing, on the corner opposite, was raised on the 17th day of May. When 
completed, it was occupied by J. A. Bronson as a store. Neal Brainard & 
Sons built the back part of what is now the Bissell House the same year. 
These were the first three buildings in the town. Then Russell moved his 
store over. Many w'ill recollect the building when I state that it was the one 
occupied by the Rev. Peter Woodard as a cooper-shop in after years, and stood 
between D. E. Brainard's house and Irving Green's old drug-store. During 
this summer, Mr. Russell built a house that looked some like a grain car, a 
little west of George Milner's. A man by the name of Corliss built a house 
on the lot now owned by C. A. Wildy. Compared with its base, its altitude 
was fearful. H. C. Gleason built part of the house of Mr. Shibley. The 
Hood mansion was built in the fall of the same year. It was built for a hotel, 
and was kept by John Wright. It stood on Main street, opposite John A. 
White's residence. A blacksmith-shop was built on the vacant lot of Mrs. 
Perkins. Early in the history of Wyoming, there was manifested a commend- 
able interest in the education of the young. On the first Monday in May, 
1855, the electors of School District No. 4, Pierce Township, met for the pur- 
pose of choosing officers for the ensuing year. The district then embraced a 
large extent of territory. The records show that A. G. Brown was elected 
Secretary, and A. W. Pratt, Treasurer. From this latter circumstance, I 
judge that a part of Madison Township was included in the school district. At 
that first meeting, the electors resolved to build a schoolhouse. At an adjourned 
meetinoj, it was resolved that said schoolhouse should be located between the 
west line of Pierce Township and Bear Creek, and near the line dividing J. A. 
Bronson's and Thomas Green's land, and should not cost to exceed $500. The 
28th of August following, the contract for building was awarded to W. J. 
Brainard, he being the lowest bidder, for the sum of ^580. At a subsequent 
meeting of the electors of the distMct, this action was ratified, and the school- 
house was to be completed by the 1st of November. It Avas located on the 
corner east of W. T. Fordham's residence, and was a very plain, barn-like 
structure. It served a twofold purpose, viz., as an institution of learning and 
a house of worship. The first winter, W. H. Alden taught the young idea 
how to shoot. The number of scholars was fifty-nine, and they came from the 
Wapsie's stormy banks, the mineral prairies of the north, and from Madison 
City on the west, then Wyoming's formidable rival. Here they were taught 
the mysteries of science by the Massachusetts teacher. He has since turned 
his attention to agricultural pursuits, and his broad acres of well-tilled fields, 
commodious house and capacious barns tell us of his success in other depart- 
ments than as an educator. Meetings were held in that house sometimes day 
and night. That winter there was a powerful revival. Stevenson was the 
Methodist preacher in charge, and he called to his aid Gospel men of local 
notoriety in other parts of the township. The interest became so great that 
the school was suspended for a time, so there might be held meetings during 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 497 

the day. The schoolhouse was the only house of worship for five or six years, 
and on Sunday it was kept warm from early morn till late at night, to give 
different persuasions time to preach the Gospel, ventilate their creeds, and 
dwell upon their peculiar dogmas. There were represented two branches of the 
Presbyterians, the Methodist, and United Brethren, with an occasional dis- 
course from some other denomination. They seemed to mix up very har- 
moniously, and why should they not ? They had in view one object, 
actuated by one hope, stimulated by one faith, they looked forward to 
one everlasting home. In matters of belief and church, they seemed to 
act upon the maxim, ' You compliment my dogma and I will compli- 
ment yours,' and all was harmonious. I recollect one sermon in par- 
ticular that I heard in that old schoolhouse; the subject was 'Hades.' 
I give the preacher's own pronunciation, but I have heard scholars say 
that 'Ha-des' is correct. With classic lore he told of the Greek deriva- 
tion of the word, and in graphic phrase pictured death, the grave and the 
invisible beyond. It made a wonderful impression upon me, which was dis- 
pelled the next day when I accidentally discovered him borrowing a load of 
wood from a neighboring grove without liberty. Yet I think he ought not to 
be censured, for the winter was cold and the brethren had neglected to furnish 
the necessary material to keep him and his helpless children warm. I mention 
this incident not as being a reproach upon the preacher, but to teach the breth- 
ren a useful moral lesson, viz., that ministers, though warmed within by grace 
divine, need something more material with which to warm their shins and cook 
their dinner. In the spring of 18G4, a small addition was made to the school- 
house, and, in the spring of 1867, it was burned to the ground and all the 
people said amen. During that summer, the present school building was 
erected at a cost of nearly $9,000, including the lots on which it stands. It is 
more useful than ornamental. During the summer of 1856, there was built 
Mrs. McClure's house, Irving Green's drug store, Haines' old store building, 
Newcomb Williams' house, Chester Johnson's blacksmith-shop. Where Phil. 
Alberry lives, Thomas Taylor built Swigart's house; Roach, Miss Julia 
McClure's house; Cook, the lower part of Mr. Close's house, Haines' house, 
Lowell's blacksmith-shop, now Grindrod's, John White's house, the house that 
stood in front of Spitzer's new residence, and the house where Ned Luke 
recently lived ; the two latter were built by the Rev. 'Fillibuster' Walker. Rev. 
Horace Holmes built on the lot where Mr. Peck resides, the old house having been 
moved, and is now owned by Mr. Wilkins. My old house was built, now 
owned by Frank Richards. The same summer WilUam P. L. Russell and 
J. A. Bronson commenced building the Bronson Block, now owned by Spitzer 
& Bronson, and nearly completed the walls before winter. The uncertain con- 
dition of the railroad prospects and the hard times were a serious blow to 
Wyoming. Bronson's Block stood like an old haunted castle. People thought 
there must be a railroad or there would be no town, and it Avas several years 
before prosperity seemed to perch upon our banner. The financial crisis of 
1857 found the people struggling under an incubus of debt incurred in time of 
prosperity. The stringency of the money market, the low prices of all kinds 

of agricultural products, put an embargo upon most contemplated improvements. 

* * * * ** * * * * 

" THE METHODISTS. 

"The Methodists held their first meeting in Thomas Green's barn in June, 
1855, and formed a class. It was then a part of Mineral Creek Circuit, and 



498 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Joel B. Taylor was the preacher in charge, and J. G. Diuimitt was the Presid- 
ing Elder. I think the latter was a sound man on some theological points. I 
once heard him say that 'a lazy man was one of God's nuisances,' and I con- 
sider that a point in theology too much neglected. The Church has been very 
prosperous from its first organization, and very harmonious since the completion 
of its church edifice. For ten years, the meetings were held in the schoolhouse. 
They would all agree quite pleasantly, would talk, sing and pray with fervor, 
and wish for a house of worship. They were willing to give both time and 
money to procure a church edifice ; but when location was talked, there was 
always trouble. On the hill, in numbers, they were the strongest. On the 
flat, they felt the omnipotent power of money. That little stream, innocent, in 
itself, to the brethren on the hill was a perfect terror. To the brethren on the 
hill, that flat was worse than the Slough of Despond, described by Bunyan ; 
while to the brethren on the flat, that hill was worse than the Hill Difficulty, 
described by the same author. I have seen men go down to Jordan's stormy 
river more complacent than those brethren would approach the little rivulet. 
In the early history of the town, there was a great, but not always commenda- 
ble, rivalry between the two sections. Where stand those brick blocks, the 
pride and ornament of the village, was considered way out of town, and yet 
they were hardly a stone's throw from what was then considered a wonderful 
place of business. In its business relations, this rivalry entered the Methodist 
Church, and for a long time prevented them from building a house of worship. 
Various expedients were resorted to to reconcile the inharmonious elements. 
At one time, it was thought best to raise the subscription and let that locate 
the church. * * * * * * Bishop 

Haven said that ' every town has some building or structure that denotes its 
folly.' This Methodist Church building came near proving the rule true in 
reference to Wyoming. It had been Tjuilt for a mill, by a stock company. 
The war and other circumstances caused the work on the mill to be stopped 
Avhen the walls were up and the roof partly on. Here it stood with its win- 
dows open, but not as now — toward Jerusalem. Owls, doves and bats found 
homes in its attic. Its basement was filled with cribs of corn ; but no famine 
made a demand for it, and part of it, at last, was fed to swine in the cellar 
below. Tired of its dilapidated look, the stockholders, with one or two excep- 
tions, proff"ered to donate it to the Methodist society, if they would finish it 
for a church. The offer was accepted, the vestibule added, the Church united, 
and, as the result, we have this comfortable, convenient and almost elegant 
church. It was dedicated by the Rev. A. J. Kynett September 3, 1866. 
Who the first officers of the Church were the records do not tell. J. B. Tay- 
lor, Stevenson, A. Bronson, F. Amos, H. Bradshaw, J. Scholes, J. H. Todd, 
H. Taylor, R. Hawn, L. Catlin, G. R. Manning, W. A. Allen, B. C. Barnes, 
L. Taylor, H. H. Green, W. E. McCormac and J. A. Kerr have been Pastors. 
No minister has died, while ministering to this Church, since its organization. 
Two local preachers have died, who, in the early history of the Church, did 
much to encourage and sustain it. They were Rev. Ansel Brainard and Rev. 
Thomas Bronson. Both had long been identified with the Church, were ripe 
in years and rich in faith. 

" PRESBYTERIANS. 

" The Presbyterian was the first church edifice in the town or in the town- 
ship. The Rev. George E. Delavan, then living at Maquoketa, having occa- 
sion to pass through Wyoming, was pleased with its location, and, upon his 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 499 

representations, the Rev. James H. Spellman, a home missionary, came here 
to look up the interests of Zion, in connection with the organization of a Pres- 
byterian Church. 

" On the 17th day of May, 1857, a society was organized, as preliminary 
to the organization of a Church. A constitution was adopted, and Joseph 
Bryan, John Morse and Emmons Leonard, elected Trustees ; A. W. Pratt, 
Treasurer, and A. M. Loomis, Clerk. The Rev. George E. Delavan became 
the Pastor. Articles of Incorporation were adopted April 8, 1859. The 
organization was effected at the house of A. W. Pratt. A. M. Loomis, A. W. 
Pratt, Jeremiah Gard, Thomas Haines, Sr., and A. M. B. Stiles were the 
members Avho signed those Articles of Incorporation. The Church thus con- 
sisted of six members. Four of them had passed the meridian of life, and two 
were young and full of hope. 

" Capt. Loomis is the only one left in our midst to tell the old story of the 
organization of that Church, by those half-dozen men. How widely divergent 
have been their paths. Pratt, in Massachusetts ; Bryan, gone West ; Haines, 
gone North ; Stiles, in Chicago ; Gard, moved to Kansas in the spring of 1878. 
He felt the infirmities of age, and remarked to the writer that he had only a 
little while to stay, and if the boys could do better in Kansas, he was willing 
to go. He died there in the fall of the same year. He was an upright man, 
a good neighbor and a sincere Christian. He organized a Sabbath school on 
Pleasant Ridge, and was the efficient Superintendent. His LiSt meeting with 
his school was very affect-ng, and seemed more like a father bidding adieu ta 
a family, than simply a neighbor moving away. He was not afraid to die. 
******** When the news of his death 
was received here, every heart was sad, and all, with one accord, said, in sober 
accents, ' Uncle Jerry died among strangers.' In Kansas, he organized another 
Sabbath school, and died with harness on. 

" He had been twice married, and twice he had followed to the grave his 
partners. He left one daughter and four sons. He had lived in Wyoming 
nearly a quarter of a century, and had reached nearly fourscore years. 

" During the summer of 1860, the old church edifice was erected. The Rev. 
Trowbridge, of Dubuque, laid the corner-stone, with proper ceremonies. An exca- 
vation has been made in the stone, where the records of the church, a copy 
of the Eureka and several other articles, were deposited in a sealed box. Mr. 
Delavan, the Pastor, was untiring in his efforts to build that church. He 
wrote, begged and worked, until his efforts were crowned with success. He 
witnessed the gradual rising of its walls with pride and pleasure, till the last 
brick Avas laid and the last flourish given by the mason's trowel. With one 
blast from the breath of Omnipotence, those walls were razed to the ground. 
The faithful gathered around to view the ruins, and with philosophic and pious 
mien, in solemn chorus, said 

" ' It was to be, 
It's God's decree 
From time's beginning.' 

" Fondly cherished hopes were blasted. The numerical and financial feeble- 
ness of the Church almost made the idea of rebuilding hopeless. Standing on 
one corner of those ruins, Mr. Delavan, with uplifted hand, said : ' With 
God's assistance, these walls shall be rebuilt.' His untiring energy was again 
called into activity. He visited remote parts of the county, enlisted the 



500 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

sympathies of men and women abroad, and again had the satisfaction of seeing 
those walls rising in place. ****** 

" Mr. Dolavan was the only minister that has died in Wyoming while sustain- 
ing pastoral relations to any of the churches, and he deserves very honorable 
mention in connection witli the growth of Wyoming and its moral and religious 
development. He was an active worker in the field for the benefit of his fellow- 
men. The first winter after he came here, he organized a library association, 
and succeeded in gathering together quite a number of volumes of valuable 
books. He also caused to be read a paper. It was a semi-monthly publica- 
tion, and was edited and read by a person appointed at each meeting, thus 

giving the editor two wrecks to write his editorials. It was called The Iris. 

******** 

" Some time in the fall of 1860, Mr. Delavan was attacked with bleeding 
at the lungs. He continued his ministrations after he became so weak that he 
could not stand while he preached ; but, sitting in his chair and breathing with 
difficulty, he proclaimed the great truths of the Gospel. I remember going in 
to see him one morning, just as he was finishing his breakfast. He said to his 
wife: 'Get the Bible, and we will have our usual family worship.' She 
replied that she was fearful he was too much prostrated. Said he : 'I can 
acknowledge God.' Then, sitting in his chair, he devoutly implored the divine 
blessing upon his family and all mankind. March 18, 18G1, he passed serenely 
from earth to receive the reward of the faithful, and his funeral was the first 
religious service held in the church he had labored to build. He was a man 
of marked ability, a thorough scholar, and, in his intercourse with men, exhib- 
ited very many of those excellencies that should adorn and embellish Christian 
character. His widow Avas left with four small children, in very limited circum- 
stances. Trusting in the widow's God, she has done nobly. One son and one 
daughter are well situated in Pittsburgh, Penn. ; one daughter is the wife of the 
junior editor of the Anamosa Eureka, and the youngest son is the editor and 
proprietor of a prosperous newspaper in Greene County, Iowa. 

" The widow lives at Hopkinton, Iowa, and is at Avork for ' The Master.' 
Her time, voice and pen are freely given for the benefit of the Sunday school 
and missionary work. Her ' Bible Readings ' evince a thorough knowledge of 
that book and a sincere belief in its wonderful teachings. Her addresses are 
remarkably clear, and show an order of talent that wouli grace any pulpit in 
the land. The ministers who followed Mr. Delavan as Pastors were Revs. 
George R. Carroll, J. L. Janes, A. K. Baird, Mr. Lodg: and Mr. Goodale. 

" Mr. Janes, while temporarily preaching at Floyd, was attacked with 
cerebro-spinal meningitis, and died suddenly. He was brought here for burial. 
His connection with the Church as Pastor had been so recent, his many acts 
of kindness and generosity, his faithful preaching, his social manners, and all 
relations, whether as Pastor, friend or neighbor, endeared him to the people, 
whether in or out of the Church, and he was followed to the grave by a mourn- 
ing community, who realized the great loss, but were consoled by the tiiought 
that it was his gain. His widow lives in our midst, esteemed and respected. 
Benevolent, generous and kind, with health much impaired, she patiently waits to 
' enter into the joy of the Master.' The son is a successful physician, and lives 
at Newark, N. J. The daughter is the energetic and talented wife of E. B. 
Champlin, Esq., of Wyoming. 



II 




^^-—J^ 3^^. /^i^r^-^TT^^^ 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 503 



" UNITED PRESBYTERIAN. 



"This Church was organized November 4, 1859, by the Rev. Jonathan 
Stewart, with twenty members. Samuel Coburn, Jesse Barrett and J. W. Wherry 
were the first Elders. Coburn and Barrett are gone and Wherry alone of that 
trio is left. Of this organization, I have but a few incidents to relate ; but, in 
passing, will smply state — their church was built without ostentation ; they 
sing the Psalms of inspiration, and mind their business with admiration, 

" The first preacher I recollect connected with this denomination, was John 
Anderson, a young man from Washington County, N. Y. He preached here 
before the Church was organized. He was sent out as a supply, was quite 
young, but his sermons were ripe with thought and careful preparation. He 
preached good sermons full of beauty, pathos and power, one of which I well 
remember. His subject was 'The Judgment Day,' and from the storehouse of 
thought and the elevated planes of imagination, with Gospel truth and eloquent 
zeal, he portrayed the scenes of that awful day. He warned, admonished, 
entreated, and if any of those who heard him receive the reward of the workers 
of iniquity, it will not be the fault of John Anderson. L. J. Crawford, J. U. 
McClenahan and William Donaldson have been the installed Pastors. 

"BAPTIST CHURCH. 

" The Baptist Church, which, in the early history of Wyoming, had an existence 
here, was organized on Pleasant Ridge, at the house of Judge Holmes, by his 
father, Rev. Luther Holmes, in 1852. In 1858, it Avas transferred to this town, 
where it retained an existence without any settled Pastor until 1862. At its 
organization, there were six members. The largest number connected with the 
Church at any one time was twenty-three, of whom two were united by baptism 
and the rest by letter. The Church was feeble ; the removal of some and 
the death of others diminished their number, and, after a struggle of nearly 
six years, the organization was abandoned. 

" Rev. Luther Holmes looated on Pleasant Ridge in 1851, and died in 
1858. He was among the first resident ministers in the township. During his 
residence here, his ministrations partook much of the character of our itinerant 
preachers. In winter, private houses, and summer, the groves, were used for 
Church purposes. His name is remembered as one of the early Christians who 
taught both by precept and example. He died at the age of seventy years. 

" I would be glad to mention various associations that had an existence, but 
space forbids. Wyoming had its prosperous Lyceum, flourishing Literary and 
Library Association, Horse Protection Society, often called Vigilance Commit- 
tee, its object being as stated in its constitution, ' to ferret out offenders and 
bring them to justice. ***** rpj^g 

organization of these societies in all new countries is almost a necessity. 
They are a terror to evil-doers, and the horse-thief and blackleg flee from the 
' wrath to come.' 

" The old Iowa Mutual Insurance Company was formed here, just how early 
I cannot tell, but should say about 1857. Milton Briggs was the Company, 
and there were a few men they called Directors. The stock was represented 
by energy, perseverance, and determination, and its surplus capital was invested 

K 



504 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

in what is commonly called ' cheek.' It was astonishing to see what an amount 
of this commodity could be bought with so small a surplus. It was a good 
thing for Wyoming, and brought to our town many men and considerable 
monev. It loaned money, and when its affairs were wound up, there was no 
one to receive its indebtedness, or look after it, and that clever old statute of 
limitations paid it. It favored the education of the young, and for this purpose 
built a large schoolhouse in our town, and would have made it more ornamental, 
if it had not been for short-sighted School Directors. It discharged its obliga- 
tions with fidelity and paid its losses promptly. It might have been doing 
business yet, but it was alleged that legislation was unfriendly, and its affairs 
had better be wound up. 

" In the spring of 1856, Thomas Green and Mr. Bodenhoffer built a steam 
mill in the north part of the township. It has been torn down and removed. 
It furnished lumber for most of the buildings that were being erected at that 
time, and there is not a farm for miles around but what is fenced with lumber, 
more or less of it coming from that mill. 

" In our early history, all merchandise was brought in wagons from various 
points on the Mississippi River ; afterward, London became the great shipping 
point. In wet seasons, it was a severe task to get across the Wapsie Valley 
and over some of the miry sloughs, both this side and beyond. For years, we 
looked and hoped for a railroad connection directly east. At length, with aid 
to the amount of -^40,000, the Davenport & St. Paul road was finished through 
our town in the year 1871. ****** 

* * * The Midland Railroad was finished through the north 

part of the township the same year, and the town of Onslow commenced. By 

the two railroads, our citizens have access to all points, north, east, south and west. 

********* 

" The first doctor who lived on this town plot was Dr. Edwards. He came 
in the spring of 1856. Of his antecedents, I know nothing ; of his skill, I 
am entirely ignorant ; but it was said he bought a fine pacing horse of Nick 
Countryman. One day, he paced out of town, and Nick's estate would be 
glad to know if he is pacing yet. 

" Among the first merchants were J. A. Bronson, Irving Green, Gilbert 
& Kelly, Hendricks & King, B. K. Bronson, S. M. Bronson, A. G. 
Brown, A. Bronson, S. K. Tourtellot, J. B. Allen, Hezekiah Moore, 
Charles Gilbert and George Foote, Benjamin Stiles, L. D. &. D. E. Brain- 
ard. The first tinner's name was White, and his shop was in the back part 
of A. H. Persons' house. The latter was the first artist in the town, and 
his rooms were at the house of Mr. Thomas Green. R. S. Williams was the 
first successful brickmaker, and to him Wyoming is greatly indebted for its 
bi-ick blocks and dwellings. His stores, halls and galleries, and shops of vari- 
ous kinds, speak of merited success. The first hotels were kept by Brainards, 
and in the business they got up a corner. Uncle Ansel and Daniel E. were 
cornered where the Valley House stands, and Nial and his sons were cornered 
where the Bissell House stands, and L. D. was cornered out on the prairie, a 
mile east of town, but running a hotel. 

" I have mentioned the earliest settlers, or those who came in 1839 and 
1840. It is a short list and I repeat it : James Van Voltenbergh, with his sons 
Joseph, Taylor, Peter and Dan, David Pence, William Knight, Garrisons, Simp- 
sons. * * * * * * * * * 

In 1842, John B. Nichols, the father of our druggist, moved on what is now 
called South Prairie, and located on the farm now owned by Mr. John Byerly. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 505 

He was the first settler in that vicinity. In the summer of 1842, he cut logs, 
and drew them out on the prairie for a house. His farming occupying his time 
for a few days, his track on the prairie was no longer visible, and he lost his 
logs. A second lot of logs shared the same fate. When he drew the third set, 
he took occasion to mark the road so that he could find them. You can judge 
that there was pretty tall grass over there. He is said to have killed seventeen 
rattlesnakes one morning before breakfast. 

"In 1844, Joel B. Taylor and Seaborn Moore moved here. Taylor located 
where Peter Byerly lives ; his father came a few years later. Seaborn Moore 
was formerly from Georgia ; but he had been living in Indiana and Illinois long 
enough to get himself and family thoroughly filled with a real genuine ague, 
and he left that country to find a spot where the ague was unknown. Those of 
you who know where he located will readily conclude that the ague would never 
find him. It was a very secluded spot in the northeast corner of the township. 
There were two ways to get there. You could follow up a narrow, crooked, 
rocky ravine from toward Monmouth, or you could go over through the brush 
toward Canton. No matter which way you went, you could always tell when 
you were most to Esquire Moore's. When you had gone just about as far as 
you could get, you felt very certain that you were pretty near Mr. Moore's. 
There was no ague there. A pure spring of crystal water came up among the 
rocks. Lightning had a peculiar attachment for that place, and often man- 
ifested its power. There were in the family father, mother, seven boys and two 
girls. Some of them, however, were married, and all became stout and robust. 
In after life, five of those boys enlisted to fight the battles of their country 
and against the the oppression of the native heath of their father. Those five 
boys were as successful in dodging rebel bullets on battle-fields as they had been 
heaven's artillery in the rocky ravine at home. Mr. Moore was the first Jus- 
tice of the Peace in the township. 

" John Tompkins came to Wyoming in 1846, and is one of the few who has 
retained his first location. Sarles Tompkins, the father of Stillwell, came in 
1848. He or Thomas Green built the first barn in the township ; both av ere 
built the same year. Mr. Tompkins was killed while trying to load a log on 
to a sled in 1862. John T. Lain, the father of Samuel, came into Wyoming 
in 1849, and located on the farm now owned by Roderick Spencer. He sold 
his claim afterward to Sweet and Lindsay, who claimed to be doctors ; but it is 
said to be a question whether they were engaged in that laudable business or 
stealing horses. He died some years ago. His widow is still in our midst, 
tottering under the infirmities of age. 

S. C. Bill, 0. J. Bill, L. D. Brainard and G. W. Fawcett came in 1851, 
and located on Pleasant Ridge, and chained their wagons to the trees to keep 
them from blowing away. They had heard of Iowa's balmy breezes and thought 
they would anchor their prairie schooners to some trees and thus secure a foot- 
ing on terra firma. They were the first settlers on that ridge, and came from 
Ohio. They had traveled from the Buckeye State in wagons, during one of 
the wettest seasons ever known, and when they got on to that ridge, they prob- 
ably thought it like Mount Ararat, and they took possession of it. L. D. 
Brainard pitched his tent on the Stephen Hamilton farm ; also entered some 
timber-land in the east part of the township. This timber had been claimed 
by some one from Jackson County, and the Claim Society from that county 
came up to notify L. D. that he must get off that land. He heard what they 
had to say, and then in language almost profane said, ' By the long wars, we 



506 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

have six rifles and plenty of ammunition. You undertake to drive me away from 

here and we will show you that we know how to use them.' 

* * * *"■* *.* * * ♦ 

" He never heard of that Claim Society again. Brainard built a saw-mill 
on Bear Creek, which was the first in this vicinity. He went West several 
years ago. W. H. Holmes and Amos Bobbins came the same year. The latter 
shot himself a few years later. Mr. Holmes is still in our midst. At the first 
election in the township, he was elected Justice of the Peace ; has since been 
Representative, Senator, County Judge and State Treasurer, and is now our 

obliging Postmaster. 

******* *** 

'• Samuel Conally, Sr., and Benjamin Wilson came into the township in 
1851. In the two families, there were twenty-two persons ; and they are all liv- 
ing except one. Thomas Conally went to California and died ; all the rest 
remained in Iowa and lived. Mr. Conally lives on the land he then bought. 
He is eighty-eight years old, and I believe is the oldest person in the township, 
and is one of the few survivors of the of the war of 1812. 

" Samuel Conally, Jr., lives in the first frame house that was built in the 
township. It is the house where George Gilbert formerly lived. 

" W. S. Johnson came in the spring of 1852, and William Stuart, in the 
fall of the same year ; both located on the ridge. Mr. Johnson was at one 
time a Representative in the Iowa Legislature. He died a few years ago, in 
Connecticut, w'here he had gone for the benefit of his health. He leaves three 
sons in Wyoming, and one (the Doctor) in Connecticut. Mr. Stuart was the 
first Postmaster in the township. The post office was at his house, and was 
called Pierce ; it was established in 1853. As before mentioned, Mr. Stuart 
went to California and died. 

" William Ingles came that year, and located in the east part of the town- 
ship. Walter Trimble and James Tabor came the same year. The former ia 
dead ; the latter lives in the southeast corner of the township, on a well-im- 
proved farm, and is said to have the largest orchard of any man in the State. 
John Russell and Jolm Sim were among the immigrants that year. The for- 
mer lives in Clay Township, but the prominent offices he has held make him 
familiar to us. He has been a member of the Legislature several terms, and 
Speaker of the House of Representatives and State Auditor. In the fall of 
1879, he was elected State Senator, to represent Jones and Cedar Counties. 
His companion, John Sim, lives on the farm he bought from Uncle Sam, near 
Onslow, and is spending the decline of his life in ease and retirement. He is 
one of the noblest works of God — an honest man. 

" Truman Eastman, the father of Joel, was among the arrivals that year 
and located on the ridge; he died several years ago. His widow still lives on 
the old homestead. 

" Nathan Potter, Joseph and Hiram Wheeler, and Charles Gardner came 
in 1853. 

" Mr. Stingley located the same year on S. G. Franks" farm, and Widow 
Seals on the land now owned by Charles Johnson and W. J. Brainard. John 
Miller came that or the next year, and bought and improved the west part of 
R. B. Hanna's farm. The house has been removed. 

" Benson Stunkard and S. J. Pence also came that year. The latter 
planted the first large orchard in the township, and, unlike many others, he 
stays to enjoy its fruits. E. B. Nims came that year, and located where his 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTS. 507 

widow now lives. William Tasker was also one of the settlers who came in 
1853. He lived on a farm a little east of Onslow, a lonely bachelor, until he 
found grace with Paul. His brother, John Tasker, came soon after, and has 
been much interested in county politics, and has been a member of the House 
of Representatives. Elijah Edwards, on Beers' Creek, was among the first 
settlers of the township. Old Mr. Paul, the father of all the other Pauls and 
of both of the Taskers' wives, came about the same time, and located on what 
is now called South Prairie. He spent the decline of a well-spent life hon- 
ored and respected, and surrounded by more children grown to mature years 
than often falls to the lot of man. He died at the house ol his son John, 
some years ago, at the age of seventy-eight. The evening before he died, he 
sent for me to come and see him. When I sat down by his bedside, he said, 
with his native politeness, ' I do not wish to take any medicine ; excuse me. I 
sent for you to come and tell me how long you thought I would probably live.' The 
fluttering pulse told that life was fast ebbing, but his mind was clear and serene. 
No tremor shook his frame at the thought of death's cold embrace. He had 
laid his treasures ' where moth and rust do not corrupt.' Before the morn- 
ing sun had shed his rays on the beauties of earth, the spirit of Henry Paul 
had gone to the realm of everlasting life. I have thus sketched some of the 
early settlers up to the organization in 1854. The rapid increase after that 
prevents further details. 

& 
" Most of us, ere we reach the half-century stake in Wyoming's progress, 
will have finished our course. A few of those in middle age will be permitted 
to linger on the threshold of the second half-century of our history, among the 
increased beauties, enjoy the more exalted privileges, and appreciate better the 
early sacrifices of those who were pioneers in molding, fostering and directing, 
the early career and institutions of the township of Wyoming." 

WYOMING IN 1879. 

The flourishing town of Wyoming is very pleasantly situated in the south- 
western portion of the township of the same name, and numbers at least a 
thousand souls, nearly all of whom are Americans. The place was settled by 
emigrants from the States of New York and Ohio. The Bear Creek runs 
through the town and joins the Wapsipinicon River, about four miles from the 
corporation limits, and afibrds something of a water-power for the use of the 
inhabitants. The business portion is on the east side of Bear Creek, and the 
business houses being built of brick give to the place a good substantial appear- 
ance. The public-school building and the church edifices are plain, simple and 
commodious, and bespeak that the inhabitants prefer convenience and comfort 
above useless display and architectural ornament. The place was incor- 
porated as a city in 1873. 

OFFICIAL ROSTER. 

1873 — Mayor, M. H. Calkins ; Recorder, T. E. Patterson ; Treasurer, 
E. Perkins ; Marshal, L. V". Brainard ; Street Commissioner, J. W. Milner ; 
Trustees— B. H. White, D. L. McDaniels, S. W. Johnson, T. M. Wilds and W. 
J. Brainard. 

1874 — Mayor, M. H. Calkins ; Recorder, C. S. Gilbert ; Treasurer, J. B. 
McGrew ; Street Commissioner, J. W. Milner; Marshal, J. H. Countryman; 



508 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Assessor, L. F. Hartson ; Trustees — S. W. Johnson, B. H. White, D. L. Mc- 
Daniels, T. M. Wilds and W. J. Brainard. 

1875 — Mayor, John Waite ; Recorder, T. E. Patterson ; Treasurer, W. T. 
Fordham ; Street Commissioner, John A.White, Sr.; Assessor, A. B. Holmes, 
Trustees— D. L. McDaniels, W. J. Brainard, T. M. Wilds, S. W. Johnson and 
Lansing Hoyer. 

1876 — Mayor, J. A. Bronson : Recorder, P. D. Swigart ; Treasurer, A. 

B. Holmes ; Trustees — W. H. Holmes, A. M. Loomis, M. H. Calkins, W. J. 
Brainard and 0. L. Thompson. 

1877 — Mayor, J. A. Bronson ; Recorder, P. D. Swigart ; Treasurer, 
0. M. Watson ; Assessor, Ansel Bronson : Street Commissioner, William Ire- 
land ; Trustees — W. J. Brainard, A. M. Loomis, A. E. Spitzer, T. R. Marshall 
and H. Arnold. 

1878 — Mayor, A. E. Spitzer ; Recorder, P. D. Swigart ; Treasurer, W, 
T. Fordham ; Assessor, Ansel Bronson ; Street Commissioner, John A White, 
Sr. ; Trustees — J. A. Bronson, J. White, Sr. : L. Hoyer, C. S. Gilbert and 
H. Arnold. 

1879 — Mayor, R. S. Williams ; Recorder, A. L. Trumbull ; Treasurer, 

C. C. Horton ; Assessor, Ansel Bronson ; Street Commissioner, John A. 
White, Sr. ; Trustees— A. E. Spitzer, A. E. Allen, F. 0. Ellison, S. W. 
Johnson, A. M. Loomis and H. Arnold. 

The present officials are opposed to the sale of intoxicating beverages, and 
no saloons are licensed in the town. There are three churches, one graded 
school, one newspaper, one national bank, three dry-goods stores, one merchant 
tailor, one clothing store, one exclusively grocery store, two restaurants and 
groceries combined, two drug stores, one flour and feed store, two harness-shops, 
two shoe-shops, two millinery and dressmaking establishments, one furniture 
store and undertaker, two meat markets, two hardware stores, one livery stable, 
one lumber-yard, one barb-wire factory, one machine and wagon shop, two 
blacksmith-shops, one cooper-shop, one barber-shop, one steam flouring-mill, 
one creamery, one agricultural implement store, two hotels, three doctors, four 
lawyers, two dentists, one architect and builder, one railroad office, one express 
office and no saloons. 

The people are thriving and industrious, and the prospects of the town 
flattering. The Wyoming Creamery is situated here, and is a valuable acquisi- 
tion to the town, which is well situated to secure the trade of a large and fertile 
agricultural district. 

Wyoming Journal. — The first newspaper published at Wyoming was in 
December, 1870, by A. L. Smith, and was called the Wyoming Journal. 
Smith continued the publication until March, 1872, and then moved his office 
to Anamosa and began the publication of the Anamosa Journal, the history 
of which is given elsewhere. After the lapse of a few weeks following Smith's 
removal to Anamosa, Rev. E. Skinner purchased material and established a 
newspaper office, and began the publication of a weekly paper, also entitled 
the Wyoming Journal. Mr. Skinner filled the chair of editor and proprietor 
for some months, and sold the office to N. W. Woodford, who continued the 
publication something more than a year, and abandoned the enterprise, and the 
office reverted to Rev. Mr. Skinner. For a time no paper was issued, when 
the office was purchased by Messrs. Hunt & Howard, the publication resumed, 
but the name was changed to Wyoming News. After a brief period, Mr. 
Hunt became the sole proprietor, and the publication was continued to the close 
of the first volume of the News. Again for a time no paper was published. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 509 

In January, 1875, P. D. Swigart purchased the office of Messrs. Hunt & 
Skinner, and resumed the publication of the Wyoming Journal, and still con- 
tinues as editor and proprietor. Politically, the Journal maintained the prin- 
ciples of the Republican party during its early years of publication, and until 
the time when Mr. Hunt took control, and during his administration it was 
neutral on political matters. Since 1875, under the present management, it 
has maintained an independent standard, and has had but little to say in refer- 
ence to political matters ; Mr. Swigart aiming to furnish a local newspaper for 
the people of Wyoming and vicinity, and deeming it not advisable or necessary 
to espouse the cause of either political party. The office of the Journal is well 
supplied with material in the jobbing department, and enjoys a good local 
patronage. The circulation, though not large, is increasing steadily ; and 
there is reason to believe that the Journal has secured permanent footing, and 
will continue to prosper as the years go on. 

Wyoming Lodge, No. 7^7, /. 0. 0. F. — Instituted January 4, 1867. 
The first officers were : W. T. Fordham, N. G. ; Robert Hanna, V. G. ; C. C. 
Horton, Secretary. Officers for 1879: F. 0. Ellison, N. G. ; C. C. Horton, 
V. G. ; L. F. Hartson, Secretary ; L. J. Richards, Treasurer. The Lodge 
has a membership of thirty-five, owns its hall and furniture, and has $300 at 
interest ; has on hand about $100, and is in a good healthy condition. 

Keystone Lodge, No. 206, A., F. ^^ A. M. — Organized at Wyoming, under 
dispensation, February 2, 1867, and under charter, June 5, 1867. The first 
officers under the charter were : 0. E. Aldrich, W. M. ; A. G. McGrew, S. W. ; 
A. B. Stiles, J. W; R. Gilbert, Treasurer ; Truman Gilbert, Secretary; John 
A. White, Jr., S. D. ; John Paul, J. D. ; R. L. McCune, S. S. ; C. C. Hor- 
ton, J. S. ; Ed Smith, Tiler. The present officers are : C. H. Johnson, W. 
M. ; C. S. Shepard, S. W. ; Charles Pawson, J. W. ; C. C. Horton, Treasurer; 
T. B. Reynolds, Secretary ; M. M. Van Horn, S. D. ; W. H. Peck, J. D. ; 
H. B. Littell, Tiler. The Lodge has a membership of seventy-one, owns its 
hall, which is well furnished, and also owns an adjoining hall, which is used for 
refreshment purposes, etc. 

Wyoming Lodge, No. 109, A. 0. U. TT.— Organized March 29, 1877, and 
elected the following officers: H. H. Green, P. M. W. ; W. J. Chamberlain. 
r. 0. Ellison, G. F. ; T. R. Marshall, 0. ; M. E. Hurd, Recorder ; A. M! 
Loomis, Financier; W. J. Brainard, Receiver; C. C. Horton, G. ; E. B. 
Wherry, I. W. ; L. W. Norton, 0. W. The Lodge has a membership of 
thirty-five, and is in good working condition. Since organization, the Lodge 
has sustained but one loss, that of Mr. W. E. Hurd, to whose widow was paid 
the sum of $2,000. 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 

This township is situated in the second tier of townships from the south, 
west of the township of Wyoming. The surface in general is smooth and 
unbroken, in parts rolling, and there is a range of low hills extending east and 
west through the center. There is but little timber in the township, and 
the inhabitants depend in a measure on the adjoining towns for wood for fuel. 
The farmhouses are good, the farms Avell cultivated, and the soil as fertile as 
in any part of the county. Bear Creek crosses the southern part from west to 
east, and a branch of Mineral Creek has its source in this township. The 
township makes a fine display of good schoolhouses, and the employment 



510 HISTORY OF JONES GOUNTF. 

of good teachers bespeaks a commendable interest in the education of the rising 
generation. 

Among the early settlers were Mr. Scriven, who settled in the township 
about the year 1855, at the place where the village of Onslow now stands. 
He is now dead and the family is scattered ; one daughter is now living on a 
part of the old farm, the wife of Alex Clark, also an old settler. 

Amos Gilbert settled a half-mile north of Onslow. He died two years ago. 

Fred Dockstader settled a quarter of a mile west of Onslow, and C. C. 
Himebaugh on the farm next west of him. 

Mr. Grouse, a German, settled in the extreme north. He died some years 
ago. 

Jacob Bender and his brother Thomas settled in the south part of the town- 
ship. 

Horace Fay founded what was once the village of Madison in the southwest. 

These are perhaps all those who might be properly called pioneers. 

A few years later, the following persons were added to the settlers of the 
township : H. Bartow, William Hawley and family, Henry Cross, John 
McDonald and brothers, John Anderson, James Tuttle, M. 0. Felton, John 
and Willard Niles. 

THE VILLAGE OF ONSLOW. 

The village of Onslow is in the northwest portion of Wyoming and the 
northeastern part of Madison, a part in both townships. E. M. Franks, who 
settled in Wyoming ToAvnship some years ago, and become a large land-holder, 
was the proprietor of the town. The site was laid off into lots and the village 
begun, in the spring of 1872, on the completion of the Midland Branch of the 
Chicago & North-Western Railway to this point. Mr. Franks died two years 
ago. 

The site is a pleasant one, and Onslow has been an important shipping- 
point on this railroad. The prosperity of the village has been materially 
affected, in its commercial interests, by reason of the ravages of fire. No less 
than three destructive fires have occurred in the business portion during its 
seven years existence. There are three good church edifices in the village, the 
Presbyterian, the Methodist and the Roman Catholic. The Rev. Mr. Goodale, 
Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Wyoming, supplies the Presbyterian pul- 
pit at Onslow, and the Rev. Charles P. Mathers, of Center Junction, the 
Methodist pulpit. The inhabitants of the village are nearly all Americans, 
and the support of the Catholic Church is principally from the surrounding 
country. There is a good public school of two departments, and a commend- 
able spirit of enterprise characterizes the inhabitants of the village. There 
is one large general store, one hardware store, two drug stores, one grocery 
store, one furniture store, one agricultural implement store, one lumber-yard, 
one grain elevator, one confectionery store, one millinery store, one art-gallery, 
two blacksmith-shops, two wagon and repair shops, one cheese-factory, one 
livery stable, one hotel, one meat market, one harness-shop, two doctors, one 
dentist, one lawyer, and one saloon. 

The stockyards are first-class, and a good deal of shipping is done. The 
village is not incorporated and numbers about two hundred and fifty souls. 

CENTER JUNCTION. 

This village, of about the same size as Onslow, is situated on the same rail- 
road in the northern part of the township of Madison, and also at the junction 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 511 

of the Chicago, Milwaukee k St. Paul Railroad with the Midland. This village 
is quite near the geographical center of the county, and it is owing to this fact 
and the railroad junction, that it was named Center Junction. 

The proprietors of the town were Kinsey Elwood, James A. Bronson, S. 
W. Johnson and John M. Squares, and the village began its existence in the 
fall of 1872, the year in which the Midland Railroad was completed through 
the township. John M. Squares has since purchased of the other proprietors 
their interests, and now owns the vacant lots, as well as the most of the lands 
adjoining the village. Owing to railroad facilities, Center Junction is a good 
shipping-point. The village has a good public school, and there are two church 
edifices, owned by the Presbyterian and the Methodist societies. The Presby- 
terian Church was recently dedicated, is built of brick, and is an ornament to 
the village. The Pastor is the Rev. Daniel Russell. The Pastor of the Metho- 
dist Church is Rev. Charles P. Mathers, and the society has a neat and com- 
modious house of worship. There are two general stores, one drug store, one 
hardware store, two restaurants, one millinery store, two blacksmith-shops, one 
wagon and repair shop, one tin-shop, one hotel, one creamery, two depots, two 
express ofiices, one harness-shop, two grain warehouses, stockyards, two doctors 
and no saloons. The Postmaster is Zuri G. Isbell. 

Lodge No. S4--5-, I- 0. 0. F., was instituted at Center Junction in 1872, 
and has a membership of 35. 

Lodge No. 160, A. 0. U. W., was established in the spring of 1878, and 
is in a prosperous condition. The Lodge has had no losses since it was estab- 
lished. 

Much of the early history is similar or identical with that of Wyoming 
Township, and is given at length by Dr. Calkins, elsewhere. 



OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 

This is the southeastern township of the county. The Wapsipinicon River 
enters the township from the west, at about the center of the north and south 
line, and, crossing diagonally, leaves the township about a half-mile west of 
the southeast corner. The township, like all others in the county, is well 
watered. Along the Wapsipinicon there is suflScient timber for the ordinary 
uses of the inhabitants. Much of the land that was too wet for farming pur- 
poses years ago, now constitutes a part of the best land in the county. The 
township is well settled by emigrants from the Eastern States, and there is 
quite a large settlement of Bohemians. 

John Bryan, who was born in Ross County, Ohio, was the first settler on 
the north side of the river. He left Ohio with his family in 1847, and came 
to Iowa and settled in Linn County, whence he moved into Oxford Town- 
ship in 1849, where he still resides. He did the first breaking on the north 
side of the river. The first settler on the south side of the river was a Mr. 
Strong, the father of William Strong, who settled there the year before Mr. 
Bryan settled north of the river. Among those who came about the same 
time that Mr. Bryan did, were L. Wallston and family and Samuel Coon and 
family. These, with Bryan and Strong, were the only inhabitants in the 
township until 1850. In that year, William Bowers and family came and set- 
tled in a lose cabin near the river, and was driven from his home for a time 
during the high-water season of that year. In the fall of 1852, Miles Carter 



512 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

came into the settlement and bought out William Bowers and opened up what 
is now one of the largest farms in the county. He died some years ago, and 
Ira and Julius Carter carry on the farm, which comprises about a thousand 
acres. About the time that Carter settled here, John Waite and Francis Ben- 
nett, with their families, came and settled in the western part of the township. 
Bennett was drowned in the Wapsipinicon, and John \yaite resides in Wyo- 
ming. He was attacked with paralysis a year ago, which rendered him entirely 
speechless. About 1853, Peter Moore, John Wherry and William Bratten, 
with their families, settled in Oxford Township, and James Bollen, now 
deceased, came in soon after. Clement Guthrie and George Rathbone also 
settled in the town not far from the same time. 

From this time on, the settlement of the township was rapid, and now it is 
one of the most populous in the county, aside from those in which there are 
large towns. 

OXFORD JUNCTION. 

The village of Oxford Junction is situated about a mile north of the river, 
near the center of the township, and at the junction of the two branches of the 
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, and contains near two hundred 
inhabitants. The site was laid off into village lots in 1871, by John Bryan. 
Since that time, two small additions have been laid out ; one by Bryan and one 
by George Wilson. The C, M. & St. P. Company recently purchased land at 
this point, and the machine-shops, etc., for those divisions are to be located 
here. This gives to the village an air of importance, and the prospects of its 
improvement are quite flattering. Already building has commenced, and 
another addition is to be made to the town soon. The village now contains one 
school of fifty pupils, a recently established newspaper, one church, erected by 
the Lutheran Church society four years ago, three dry-goods stores, one drug 
store, one hardware store, one restaurant, two meat markets, one harness-shop, 
three grain ware-houses, two wagon and blacksmith shops, three shoe-shops, 
one hotel and three saloons. 

OXFORD MILLS. 

This village, of near the size of the Junction, is situated on the south bank 
of the Wapsipinicon, a mile south of the above place. Its name is derived from 
the flouring-mill erected here about the year 1857, by Messrs. Courtright k 
Lathrop. It is a three-story wood building and contains the modern appoint- 
ments of a first-class mill. The property has changed hands at sundry times, 
and is owned by S. F. McDonald, Esq. The Wapsipinicon at this point affords 
an excellent water-power, which, if utilized more fully, Avould greatly benefit 
the town. Messrs. Cartwright & Bristol are the proprietors of a large general 
store ; there are two drug stores in the village, one public school, and the Meth- 
odist Church society has a good house of worship. There is also a hotel and 
the usual shops found in a village of the size. 




HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 513 



HALE TOWNSHIP. 



This township was named in honor of the Hon. J. P. Hale, at the sugges- 
tion of Daniel Garrison, who was the first settler of the township. The town- 
ship of Hale is situated west of Oxford and east of Rome, in the southern tier 
of townships in the county. The Wapsipinicon River crosses the township 
from west to east, and divides it into two nearly equal parts. Along the river 
there is considerable timber and there are a number of small groves ; so that 
the township may be said to be well timbered. A good supply of building 
stone is found in the township and the quality is most excellent. A good share of 
the surface is beautiful, rolling prairie land, and the farms are in a good state of 
cultivation. There are three church edifices in the township ; one at Pleasant 
Hill, one two miles southeast of that place and one at the small village of Hale. 
The first settlement south of the river was at what is now called Pleasant Hill, 
and, as stated, Daniel Garrison and family were the first settlers. Mr. Garri- 
son emigrated from the State of Indiana, and came into Hale Township in the 
month of June, 1838. Pleasant Grove and the land south of it was claimed 
by a colored man in the year 1837, and for many years the place has been 
known as "Negro Point." The name was changed to Pleasant Hill at the 
suggestion of Miss Martha Miller, and to the satisfaction of the people of the 
neighborhood. The church at this place is called the Pleasant Hill Church, 
and the Sunday school. Pleasant Hill Sunday School. Daniel Garrison built 
the first log cabin the neighborhood, and the house is still standing, though 
it is more than forty years old. Horace Seeley came in the spring of 1839, and 
Lawrence Simpson and William Simpson in the fall of the same year. Law- 
rence Simpson was once County Surveyor. Joseph Bumgarner came in 1840, 
M. Q. Simpson and Silas Garrison in 1842. 

On the north side of the river, the settlement was not made as early as on 
the south. Philip Lewis and William Cronkhite were the first and came about 
1850, After them came Clement Lane, Robert Brown, William Vroman, Mrs. 
Sweet, Burt Smith, John Fradenburg, George Thurston, Harvey Campbell, 
Clement Guthrie, William Wallston, John Brigham, J. C. Austin, and others. 

The Sabula, Ackley & Dakota Branch of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
Paul Railroad crosses the north part of the township, and the small village of 
Hale is situated on this road. There is one general store, a blacksmith-shop, a 
wagon-shop, a public school and a good house of worship, belonging to the 
Methodist Church society. George Lewis is Postmaster of the village. Much 
of the early history is identical with that of the adjoining township of Rome. 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 

This is the southwestern township of the county. The surface is generally 
even and unbroken, and the soil as fertile as any in the county or State. A 
number of small but beautiful groves, pleasantly distributed, constitute the 
only timber-land in the township. It is well watered by the north and the 
south fork of Walnut Creek and their tributaries. 



614 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

The township is one of the best agricultural districts in the county, the 
farmhouses are good, and the farmers thrifty and prosperous. Among the early 
settlers of this township were John Armstrong, deceased; Amos Breed, 
deceased ; Jonathan Raver, decased ; T. 0. Bishop, A. S. Miller (J. G. Hakes 
was an early settler of Fairview, but now resides in Greenfield), James and I. 
Curtis, Ira Mead, R. D. Stephens, John Arnold, A. and E. Peet, Valentine 
Newman, Robert Murfield, Jonathan Goudy, Amos and John Cole, the Millers, 
Rosses and others. 

The Sabula, Ackley & Dakota Branch of the C. M. & St. Paul Railroad 
crosses the north part of the township, and the small village of Martelle is situ- 
ated on this road, in the northwest corner of the township. There are about one 
hundred inhabitants, two general stores, one drug store, one wagon-shop, one black- 
smith-shop, one hardware store, one school, and the Christian Church has a good 
church edifice. The Baptist society also worships in the same building. There 
are two other churches in the township, one near the center and another in the 
southern part. There are a goodly number of Germans in the township, and, 
as elsewhere, they are among the most prosperous citizens in the county. The 
education of the rising generation is well cared for by erecting schoolhouses 
and the employment of faithful teachers. 



ROME TOWNSHIP. 

The following, from the pen of the late R. J. Cleaveland, will be read and 
appreciated by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. Mr. Cleaveland 
was born in Boston, Mass., in November, 1805, and died at his residence in 
Olin. Jones County, on the 7th of September, A. D. 1877, at the age of nearly 
seventy-two years. He graduated at Harvard University in the Class of 1827, 
and Avas a ripe scholar, a genuine patriot and an honest man. At the outbreak 
of the civil war, he sought to enlist as a volunteer, but was rejected because of 
his age. He was finally admitted to the ranks of the famous Iowa ninth, and, 
with that regiment, served until it was mustered out of service. It was due to 
his acquaintance at Boston that the ladies of that city presented to the regi- 
ment the magnificent colors, the details of which are related in the war history 
of the county, elsewhere. 

The historical sketch here published was written by Mr. Cleaveland and 
printed in the Olin Times, a newspaper that was established at Olin, in the 
year 1874, by Messrs. Stickle & Arlen, but was discontinued at the end of a 
few months. After completing the history of Rome Township, Mr. Cleaveland, 
at the request of many, wrote a portion of the early history of the county, but, 
as the facts given by him are the same as those given elsewhere by Barrett 
Whittemore and others, we have thought it not necessary to repeat it in this 
connection. 

Among the early settlers of Rome, no one now living has been more suc- 
cessful in material accumulations, or is held in higher esteem as a citizen, than 
John Merritt. 

REMINISCENCES OF ROME — 1840-1841. 

BY R. J. CLEAVELAND. 

" On the 9th of September, 1840, a cold, misty rain falling, my wife and I, 
after fourteen days' ride, in a lumber wagon, from Logansport, Ind., arrived at 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 515 

the log cabin of Norman B, Seeley. This dwelling stood near where the town- 
well now is. Here the hearthstone and one log still remain to mark the spot. 
Mr. Seeley's house, saw-mill, and blacksmith-shop were the only structures here 
— the latter roofed with a rag carpet. 

" My wife was an only daughter, and the motive which prompted this long 
journey Avas to give her mother (old Mrs. Seeley) a home with us. Thirty 
miles from our destination, we learned that Mrs. S. had died in July of that 
year. But we came on, though with ardor dampened — hopes withered. The 
country appeared in consonance with our feelings, a dreary waste of prairie — 
except Walnut Creek and Wapsie timber, ' Sugar Grove ' and ' Big Woods ' — 
to the north and west. The beautiful groves of young timber on the right bank 
of Walnut from the bridge to Sibballs, Creek was then all prairie, and the view 
without obstruction. 

" On the left, above the bridge from Mr. Oilman's house to far above 
Moore's, was a large and fine grove of white oak long since cut down by the 
greedy pioneer. 

" Here I commenced my first lesson in chopping, plowing, mowing and 
farm work in general. Here we succeeded, though poor, indeed, we both were, 
in all except brave hearts and strong arms, in gaining a home in these then 
Western wilds. I had but $2 left when we arrived. 

" The Indian, wolf, and deer, and other wild animals were almost the sole 
occupants of the soil. N. B. Seeley, John and Joseph Merritt, Isaac Simpson, 
Moses Garrison, Orville Cronkhite, George Saum, Thomas Green, Horace 
Seeley, Francis Sibballs, E. Booth, the Reeds, Browns, Joslyns, and others, 
were in Jones County before me. 

"At that time there were no railroads west of Buffalo, N. Y., and no tele- 
graphs. The mails crept slowly and sadly along in stage-coaches, and letters 
were subject to 25 cents postage. There were no bridges nor stores away from 
the 'Father of Waters.' Many a time I have walked to Dubuque and back, 
bringing a pack of thirty to fifty pounds of groceries for myself and neighbors. 

" The generation of to-day can hardly dream of the obstacles to be overcome 
— the hardships borne at that time. Difficulty is the element and resistance 
the work of every true man or woman. I now thank God for casting my des- 
tiny in this glorious and most beautiful State, where half my life has been 
passed. I glory in being a pioneer of Iowa. 

" As remarked, my wife's mother died on the 9th of July, 1840, only two 
months before our arrival. The first American flag hoisted in Jones County 
was hoisted at Rome in 1840, and made by this aged lady. She allowed no 
other fingers to work thereon but hers, and this was her last work. Here, and 
at this time, was also the first liberty pole raised, the first post office located, 
and the first district school instituted in the county. The school was taught in 
the ' Sugar Grove,' by T. Stivers, Esq., who was the only blacksmith here, and 
also Deputy Postmaster. 

" The town was located by N. B. Seeley, and surveyed, platted and recorded 
by William Hutton, County Surveyor, in 1840. At this time, the U. S. Sur- 
veyor had just finished his work, and the corners and subdivisions were readily 
found. 

" We lived the first two years in a little cabin opposite Smith's mill. In 
the winter of 1840-41, my wife taught school in our cabin six hours each day, 
while I was absent cutting timber for fencing and for building a home. I look 
back on those two years as the happiest spent time of our lives ; hope was strong 
and bright Avithin, and physical vigor perfect. 



516 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

" In the spring of 1841, there were ferried across the Walnut two barrels of 
Illinois whisky. These arrivals were succeeded by more of the same spiritual 
character for about fifteen years. 

" In the year 1841, the patriarch who dealt in the spiritual articles afore- 
said built the house now occupied by Uncle Holden. The building now occu- 
pied by F. 0. Carpenter, and the one where the widow of Thomas Connelly 
now lives, were also built the same year. 

" In the same year, John Hannon, who was a skilled bricklayer, stonecut- 
ter and mason, also took up his abode here. He and Seeley blasted a prairie 
bowlder, and by much hard and constant labor made therefrom a set of buhr- 
stones, which ground excellent corn-meal and very fair flour. This was indeed 
an eventful era in the lives of the settlers here, as previously they had to go a 
wreat distance, most frequently to the Mississippi River, in order to reach a 
mill. But after a few years this mill was discontinued on account of a defect- 
ive dam and lack of water. 

"One most important character of this period I must not omit — the Metho- 
dist circuit-rider, who has done so much for religion and humanity, who defied 
the elements and the hardships of this new country, and dispensed the bread ol 
life to the hardy pioneer, men of culture as they were, counting comfort and 
ease as dust compared to the happiness of saving souls. Elders Rathbone and 
Havden were among the first of these, and labored here in 1841. The former 
now resides at Marion. Both were men of culture, urbane in manners and 
never weary in doing good. 

" In July, 1842, the house now owned and occupied by N. M. Everhart, 
Esq., was erected by myself. It was for some years the largest house in the 
county. We occupied it before completion, and passed with only a cooking- 
stove the severest winter experienced in our lives. I feel confident that the 
few old settlers remaining will never forget the winter of 1842-43. 

" I think it was in the fall of 1841 that the first court was held in the county, 
being in a log Court House in Edinburg, not far from the present county 
Poor House. All who attended court then went prepared to camp out and do 
their own cooking. The United States Marshal attended to the paying of 
iurors, which was about all the coin that came into the territory for six years. 
Wheat was then the common medium of barter and exchange. We always 
had uncommon lively and jolly times in attendance at court then among 
some very remarkable and sage worthies, some of whom I shall have occa- 
sion to mention hereafter. Judge Wilson, of Dubuque, ofl^ciated, always com- 
ino- with o-un and dogs to enjoy a little shooting as well as to attend to his 
wraver (le^al) duties. But the most remarkable person at that time was Uncle 
Francis Sibbalds, an Irishman, with all the odd, racy and peculiar character- 
istics of his countrymen. He lived at that time just over the town line, in 
what is now Hale Township. If his conduct and character were singular, his 
appearance was no less so. He talked with the richest brogue, ardent in his 
friendship as in his hatred, illiterate, but warm-hearted and outspoken. In 
short there was so much unison between us that we were warm friends as long 
as he lived. Previous to coming to Iowa, he had committed matrimony with 
an elderly Yankee lady — a school-marm, sometimes called old maid — a lady 
very peculiar, as such ladies generally are, but of fair literary attainments for 
that day, and of high moral and religious character, and who was justly rever- 
enced and respected by her husband. I wish, for the sake of truth, it were 
l>ossible for me to give a clear and accurate personal description of Uncle Sib- 
balds. but nothino- I can say will do him justice I A man of medium size, 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 517 

with rather a worn appearance, indicating hard labor and exposure to the 
elements, rather past his prime, but on first sight all these were swallowed up 
and lost sight of in viewing his mouth ; so vast, yawning and capacious was it, 
that when opened, it extended nearly from ear to ear ! Not less remarkable 
than the nose of the Grand Duke of Choss Johannisberger, only it was in this 
case his mouth instead of his nose, and unfortunately being somewhat deaf, he 
kept it open more than was safe or expedient, in order to hear better. And 
this brings to mind a good joke they got on him while at court in Edinburg. 
One of the lawyers, an unusually small but carefully-dressed gentleman — in 
short, a perfect little Petit Maitre — being called for by the Judge, everybody 
hunting for and nobody able to find him, the precious time of the court wasted, 
an awful pause pervading the court room, a wag had the temerity to tell His 
Honor he believed old Uncle Sibbalds had greased and swallowed him, as he 
(Sibbalds) had told him over an hour ago that he felt quite hungry ! The 
court room rang with laughter. Judge, jury and all, and, as bad luck would 
have it, the little lawyer coming in at that moment, and ignorant of the cause, 
little dreaming that he was partly the subject of it, served only to add to the 
uproar to such a degree that it could not be stopped. The Sheriff had to clear 
the house, and all business came to a stand for the rest of the forenoon. If I 
should live centuries, I can never forget the scene. The little lawyer stupefied 
with amazement and anger and outraged dignity, and Uncle Sibbalds grinning 
wider and more ghastly than before. In the midst of the uproar, another wag 
coolly suggested, ' If that had actually happened, the good man had got more 
law in his belly than all the other lawyers had in their heads.' And this 
remark did not tend to lessen the noise and shouting, but rather to increase it. 

" At the time I am now attempting to describe, indeed during the decade 
from 1840 to 1850, intemperance ruled with despotic sway the early settlements 
of Iowa, and yet there prevailed a far more friendly spirit than now. 

" We exchanged frequent and friendly visits with Denson, where Massillon 
now is, and ten miles below, near Toronto, with Samuel Solesby, of Pioneer 
Grove ; Capt. S. P. Higginson, of Mariner's Grove, near Tipton ; with Col. 
Preston, Mayor McKean, and others, of Marion. Neighbors were then few 
and far off, but kind and true, and selfishness little known or practiced. 

''As I am a very modest man, I dislike extremely having to speak of my- 
self so often, but the thread of the narrative would be broken did I not do it. 

" It was deemed necessary, at that time, to elect a Justice of the Peace in 
1841, and, although never having any aspirations for office, I was elected to 
that dignity almost without opposition. This was strange indeed, as I was, 
perhaps, almost the only Whig in the village of Rome. Being what I was, a 
deadly foe to whisky, and never bending the pliant knee to Baal, it was some- 
what strange that I was elected to the ofiice. With these preliminary remarks 
let us go on. The portrait of old Ben. Smith rises now on my mental vision, 
in all its native deformity ! 

" Fancy, if you can, an animal on two legs, in the shape of fat and swol- 
len limbs, suffering much from asthma and gout ; a man, flat, flaccid and flabby, 
misshapen, unwieldy in form, with a head and face on top of it that completely 
baffles description : The hair white and erect, like hogs' bristles, the face rosy 
and rubicund, the nose studded with divers blooming pimples, the eyes twink- 
ling like a sow's when contemplating mischief, and with thick, sensual lips. 

" This patriarch had a large family of sons and daughters, was a widower, 
and depended on his children for support, and also on the profits of a whisky 
saloon, with cards and dice in his own house. Every Saturday night the orgies 



518 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

were celebrated in the old house where uncle Holden now lives, till the small 
hours of the morning ; genial spirits from the surrounding country coming in 
from a long distance to aid and assist the aged patriarch in conducting them ; 
John Royal playing th.e fiddle with unwearied assiduity and tenacity, and all 
went merry as a marriage bell, unless it was diversified with a slight bit of a 
fight, with perhaps an eye badly bunged up and closed for the time being, or a 
thumb partly bit off ! But these little incidents only served to add variety and 
raciness to the scene, and never for a moment stopped the general hilarity. 
But enough ! Let us for the present draw the veil of pity and of charity over this 
mortifying and disgusting portrait. And let it serve as a warning, a beacon- 
light to all now coming on the stage of action, to avoid drunkenness and sin- 
fulness of all kinds, if they wish to live useful and happy lives. 

" The question naturally arises, what became of poor old Uncle Ben ? The 
answer to it is a sad one indeed. After setting a baleful, blightino; influence and 
example here for eight consecutive years, he started, in the spring of 1849, to 
revisit the scenes of his childhood in Western New York, and subsequently 
died miserably of cholera, on board a boat on the Upper Ohio, among strangers, 
with no friend to smoothe his dying pillow. 

" I remarked that I was elected Justice of the Peace. I held my first court 
in the log cabin opposite the present mill, in the fall of 1841, Uncle Ben Smith 
being the plaintiff, and another most worthy sage, very partial to whisky (whom 
we will not name as he still lives here), was the defendant. The cause of 
action was a very grave and knotty one, and which would have puzzled the 
wisdom of Solomon himself, viz., a pumpkin ! These two sages had gardens 
adjoining, and Uncle Ben's vines, as pumpkin-vines will sometimes, ran 
through the fence into the adjoining lot and bore the best pumpkins in the said 
lot, with not one only but several large inviting looking pumpkins — more than 
defendant could stand, doubtless thinking (and with good reason) that the said 
pumpkins belonged to him. Be this as it may, he appropriated the largest one 
he could find to his own use, hence the suit. There were at that day many 
(in common parlance called pettifoggers, a phrase I always disliked) attorneys 
at law. There were two of pre-eminently brilliant qualifications and parts, 
who left their many competitors far in the rear, and who were generally pitted 
against each other, as they both resided in Fairview Precinct, viz., Uncle 
Clement Russell and Hon. John Leonard. Law cost something in those days, 
as it does in the present. It was then as now — 1-a-w laiv, with a c-l-a-w claw. 
If you are fond of pure vexation and sweet procrastination, you are just in a 
situation to enjoy a suit at law. It was probably owing to this fact, viz., the 
great expense of this luxury, that induced both parties at this, my first court, 
to attend to it themselves, and being (as they both were) well stimulated and 
fortified with whisky, they fancied themselves perfectly grounded in law, and 
able to go on with it. The case, as you .see at a glance, was a preplexing and 
knotty one. There was much to be said on both sides, and both equally 
plausible. Knowing this as I did, and dreading the torrents of eloquence 
apparently without end, and not being overstocked with patience, I resolved 
when the court was called to cut the Gordian knot which none could untie. 
With that peculiarly persuasive, winning, bland tone and manner which all who 
know me know to be innately mine, I remarked to them that we were emphat- 
ically, in this new country, a band of brothers ; that nothing was so pleasing 
to the Great Father of us all as brotherly love and harmony, and, over and 
above this consideration, nothing conduced so much to our temporal welfare as 



J 



it 



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'^^-^'' i''l^^^^t^J.^.£(^ 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 521 

harmony, etc.; told them what an insignificant thing it was to go to law about 
— a pumpkin, nothing else; the great difficulty attending a correct solution of 
the case, inherent in its very nature; and, concluding, in my judgment there 
was no cause of action, adding, at the same time, I should give up my fees and 
hoped they would all do so likewise. Had they not been both of them pretty 
drunk (Uncle Ben always feeling rich in that condition) I doubt but my eloquence 
would have been wasted on them. As it was, they yielded to my advice, shook 
hands, took a rousing snort of whisky all around, the court adjourned and the 
hostile sages were soon after seen engaged in a sociable game of cards with the 
hospitable whiskey jug within easy reach of them, and to complete and perfect 
the harmony, John Royal took his fiddle and struck up a jig or Highland fiing, 
and mirth, hilarity and good feeling prevailed all around — Uncle Ben's four 
lusty and strapping daughters, always ready to trip it on the light fantastic toe, 
found partners ready to their hand, and they kept it up as usual until the small 
hours of the morning, no King on his throne richer, happier, or more inde- 
pendent than Uncle Ben. 

" After the disposition of the case spoken of, I felt as if a mountain was 
lifted from my back, and being released from the onerous duties incumbent on 
me, I went about my usual avocations, receiving the congratulations of my 
friends at the issue, Uncle Sibbalds himself grinning all the time, with evident 
symptoms of uncommon satisfaction ! I wish to add, that in that early day 
when a lawsuit was to come off, all other business for the time being came to a 
halt ; no one could forego the intense delight of attending and drinking in 
wisdom from the lips of the legal oracles of the day, as well as from the jug ! 
Some of the richest scenes I ever Avent through with occurred afterward, at 
courts held in the north room of our new house, the carpenter's bench and 
tools being there at the time. At one suit, Mrs. C. got dinner for twenty men. 
A lawsuit, like raising a barn, could not go on without a large crowd attending ; 
and lubricated, as it always was, with whisky, how could all help going on 
secundem artem. As a matter of course, it could not. But I crave pardon 
of my readers for taking up so much of their valuable time. 

****** ^:** 

" I have taken much pains to ascertain who was the first white settler in 
this county, and from the best information I could obtain, I am satisfied 
Hugh Bowen was the man, that beautiful tract of country in Richland Town- 
ship being named after him. I recollect well his telling me he was in the 
Black Hawk war, and that, only a few years after, he came into this county, 
probably in 1836. Perhaps a few of the salient points of his character may 
may prove interesting to the reader of to-day. 

" He was a bachelor at this time, in his prime, erect as an Indian and clad 
in buckskin like one ; of great energy and rare simplicity of character. He 
was our first Sheriff, serving in that capacity for many years, and, if I should 
add, the best the county ever had, it need cause no blush to mantle the cheeks 
of his worthy successors. He Avas a noble specimen of a Western man, untainted 
by the vices, and entirely free from all the silken disguises, subterfuges and 
hypocrisies which prevail in old settled countries, and in those grades of society 
miscalled civilized, refined, fashionable, etc.; undaunted and fearless as a lion 
in the discharge of his duty ; simple and confiding as a child, in all the little 
suavities and amenities of life, and illy prepared to guard against the advances 
of the well-dressed fancy-man, blackleg, gambler of the present day. 

"After many years' absence in the then Far West, he concluded to visit 
once more his native State, Ohio, when the first railroad from the Ea<t reached 



522 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

the Father of Waters. Although traveling with a friend, and cautioned again 
and again against pickpockets, he was rifled of some $40 or $50, all he had, 
long before he got to the end of his journey. On obtaining the first view of 
that monstrum horrendum, a locomotive engine, his wonder and amazement were 
unbounded ! Fearful that the train might start without him (instinct with life 
and power, more than human as it was), he insisted on sleeping (camping), in 
the cars all nio-ht I I have not met him for many long years, and regret to 
add, the last I heard of him he was at Denver, Colo., much reduced in circum- 
stances. He was Sheriff of this county many years in succession. 

" It is hic^hly probable that other portions of the county kept pace with 
those already named in its early settlement, but of this I cannot speak posi- 
tively, being, like most of the early settlers, dependent on my days' work for 
my daily bread, and never leaving home unless on matters of urgent business. 

" The countv, in 1839-40, was divided into four road districts, viz : Bowen's 
Prairie was No.l ; Buffalo Fork, No. 2 ; Walnut Fork, No. 3, and Farm Creek 
No. 4, with a Supervisor in each district, to keep the roads in order. 

" The first saw and grist mills in the county were erected by George Wal- 
worth, on the Buffalo Fork of the Wapsipinicon in 1838, (where, at a later day, 
the Messrs. Fisher erected spacious mills), and were in full blast when I came 
here, in 1840. I met the gentleman late in the fall of 1840, at the house of 
mv brothoT-in-law, N. B. Seeley, and, from that time until he left the county, 
some five or six years, we were always on the most cordial and friendly terms. 
He was the first Repi'esentative in the Territorial Legislature at Iowa City, with 
other counties attached (Cedar and Linn, I think), and served in that capacity 
many years with great acceptance to his constituents. He was a bachelor, his 
sister keeping house with him. and a man in strong contrast to all and every- 
thintT around him. He was then in his prime, and a finer looking man I have 
seldom, if ever, met. He was, in manner, appearance, dress and address, 
emphatically a gentleman, as I understand that term, viz., it is inborn, not 
infused ; it springs spontaneously from the heart. In other words, a man may 
be a o-entleman without being a Christian, but a true Christian must be a gen- 
tleman. Warm-hearted, cordial, hospitable, public-spirited, he possessed the 
faculty of adapting himself to all kinds and classes of men, and was the soul, 
the life, of every crowd he chanced to mingle with. He possessed, in a high 
degree, that rare and beautiful combination, termed suaviter in modo, cum for- 
titer in re, and, as I often thought, was perfectly out of his element in a new 
county. We have had many good times together at his house and at mine, and, 
when he left us, I felt we had lost a man the county and State could ill aftord to spare. 
It was with deep and profound grief I heard of his sudden and untimely death, 
in Texas, many years ago. The high respect and ardent friendship I cherished 
for the man, the grateful sense I shall always feel for his kindness and hospi- 
tality to me personally, over and above his public services to the county and the 
Territory, would not permit me to pass him by with a more brief or less eulo- 
gistic notice. He has taken his last long journey whither we all are so rapidly 
following." 

OLIN IN 1879, 

Olin, named after D. A. Olin, General Superintendent of the Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, is beautifully located on the west bank of the 
Wapsipinicon River, upon the central portion of Section 13 in Rome Town- 
ship. It was first called Elkford, then Walnut Fork, afterward Rome, and 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 523 

now Olin. It is an important shipping-point on the Milwaukee & St. Paul 
Railroad, containing a population of about seven hundred inhabitants. It is 
surrounded by a beautiful rolling prairie, occupied by a thrifty farming com- 
munity. It has a good grist-mill, a woolen-mill, prosperous schools and 
churches, and the Olin College has recently been organized and incorporated, 
and will soon have a commodious and comfortable college building. A public 
librai'y and reading-room are contemplated. The city of Olin was incorpo- 
rated in 1878. The following are the city officers : Mayor, N. Barnhard ; 
Recorder, H. Jeffries ; Treasurer, Samuel Easterly. Council — J. A. White, 
J. W. Jamison, James Dayton, C. L. Porter, W. H. Dicus, William Scoles. 
The Council are strictly temperate men. 

There are four church organizations — Methodist, Baptist, United Brethren 
and Advent. The Methodist denomination has a commodious church edifice. 
The Baptists and Advents hold services in the public-school building. The 
Pastor of the Methodist Church is Rev. J. Ilurrell. None of the other denom- 
inations have a settled Pastor. 

The public school contains three departments — Primary, Intermediate and 
Grammar, and has a very good school building. The teachers are as follows : 
C. F. McGrew, Principal and Instructor in the Grammar Department ; Miss 
P. Robinson, Intermediate Department ; Miss L. Holmes, Primary Department. 

The College Avas organized September 1, 1878 ; incorporated August 1, 
1879. Its pupilage for the first year was forty-eight. Of its pupils, nine 
received certificates from the County Superintendent. 

The Trustees are as follows : A. J. Dalby, President ; C. L. Porter, Sec- 
retary ; N. M. Everhart, Treasurer ; John Merritt, D. R. Carpenter, Andrew 
Coppess, John M. Rummel, W. V. Field, J. B. Ingersoll, J. A. White, J. W. 
Jamison, L. K. Rese, J. Scoles, J. Whitmore, Jonathan Easterly, F. S. Dunk- 
lee, C. H. Derr, John Hess, Jacob Starry, William Gordon. 

There will be three distinct courses of study — Preparatory, Scientific and 
Classical. The first college class proper will be organized at the commence- 
ment of the fall term, and it is desirable that those who contemplate a 
three-years' course with diploma, should be present at that time. Music, 
instrumental and vocal, will be taught to those who desire it. 

The studies taught in the various courses are : Fundamental — Reading, 
Spelling, Writing, Grammar, United States History, Drawing, Rhetoric, 
Logic, Elocution, Mental and Moral Science, Theory and Practice of Teach- 
ing, Constitution of the United States. Mathematics — Arithmetic, Book- 
Keeping, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Mensuration, Surveying, Conic 
Sections, Calculus. Natural Sciences — Geography, Geology, Mineralogy, 
Physiology, Botany, Natural History, Astronomy. Languages — Greek, Latin, 
French and German. Music — Vocal and Instrumental. 

C. L. Porter, A. M., Principal (biographical sketch elsewhere), is a grad- 
uate of Amherst College, has been a professional teacher for sixteen years, and 
is thoroughly recommended by the State Superintendent and others. Miss 
Laura J. Hendy, teacher of music, is a skillful teacher of the piano and 
organ. The teacher of the Preparatory Department has not yet been selected. 
Other teachers and professors will be added as occasion may require. The 
Bible is the corner-stone of this institution. 

Tuition, per quarter of twelve weeks, .^6. Fee for incidental expenses, per 
quarter, 50 cents. Tuition in Preparatory Department, per quarter, $3. 
Instrumental music, per twenty-four lessons, $8. Tuition payable quarterly 
upon admission. 



524 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

The College occupies at present the largest hall in town, is handsomely 
seated, and is comfortable and convenient. Board can be obtained in private 
families at ^2.50 to $3 per werk. Preparations are being made to erect a 
large stone building in the spring of 1880. 

SOCIETIES. 

Of these there are four : Masons, Odd Fellows, United Workmen and the 
Olin Temperance League. 

Ancient Landmark Lodge, No. 300, A., F. t)'^ A. 3L, was organized 
November 20, 1866. It Avas chartered by the Grand Lodge June 6, 1867. 
The first officers were: Eli Walker, W. M.; Westley Southwick, S. W.; 
Andrew Coppess, J. W.; D. E. Rummel, Sec; Timothy Stivers, Treas.; N. 

B. Connor, S. D.; G. W. Miller, J. D.; R. J. Anderson, Tiler. The Lodge 
has a membership of forty-eight, owns a good hall, very well furnished, and 
has a small fund at interest. The present officers are : I. B. Southwick, W. 
M.; W. J. Merritt, S. W.; G. VV. Miller, J. W.; W. Southwick, Sec: C. H. 
Derr, Treas.; H. B. Harrison, S. D.; C. W. B. Derr, J. D.; J. T. Gilman, 
Tiler. The Lodge has lost two members by death. 

The Olin Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., was organized February 3, 1876. The fol- 
lowing were the first officers elected : George Stivers, N. G.; E. R. Sealls, V. 
G.; L. K. Rose, Treas.; J. W. Jamison, Rec. Sec; G. H. Mason, Per. Sec. 
The present officers are as follows: V. Slife, N. G.; J. F. Butters, V. G.; S. 
P. Slife, Rec. Sec; G. H. Mason, Treas. 

Olin Lodge, No. 90, A. 0. U. TT.— Organized January 17, 1877. Char- 
ter members: W. A. Seeley, J. A. White, G. W. Miller, H. Rummel, A. E. 
Carpenter, S. L. Easterly, James Dayton, J. W. Jamison, Daniel Starry, James 
Slife, E. R. Sealls, A. Barker, H. Benfield, A. Gearhart, P. H. Driscoll, T. B. 
Everett, Edward White, W. F. Duncan, J. C. Williams, J. H. Miller, A. Glick. 
The following were the first officers elected: H. Rummel, Master; E. R. 
Sealls, G. F.; W. A. Seeley, 0.; A. Gearhart, Receiver; James Dayton, F.; 
S. L. Easterly, Rec; J. W. Jamison, Guitle ; J. C. Williams, P. M. W.; A. 
E. Carpenter, I. W.; A. Barker, 0. W. The present officers are as follows : 
John Figeley, Master; E. Bedell, G. F.; A. E. Carpenter, 0.; A. Gearhart, 
Receiver; S. L. Easterlv, F.; T. J. Townsend, Rec; W. F. Duncan, Guide; 
G. W. Miller, P. M. W.'; J. H. Miller, I. W.; D. Starry, 0. W. 

The Olin Teinperance League. — This is an organization for the promotion 
of temperance. It holds its sessions at the Methodist Church, each alternate 
Tuesday. The exercises consist of discussions, essays, declamations, readings, 
music, etc. Its basis is the the "Murphy Pledge." The present officers are : 

C. H. McGrew, President ; Miss Phemie Robinson, Vice President ; Miss Car- 
rie Hull, Secretary ; C. L. Poster, Chorister. 

Within a mile of Olin are three most excellent stone quarries. The stone 
taken from these is a soft, magnesian limestone (Niagara group ; Upper Silu- 
rian), and is of the quality and texture as that of the celebrated quarries at 
Anamosa. Tiiere are two good lime-kilns in the immediate neighborhood. 
Good sand for building purposes is found on the margin of Walnut Creek, which 
empties into the Wapsipinicon at this point. Within the corporate limits is an 
excellent clay bank for the manufacture of brick. 

The people of Olin are mainly from the Eastern States, and have brought 
their thrifty habits with them. There is little or no foreign population. Olin 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 525 

has one of the best brass bands in the State, Henry Jeffries, Leader. The 
hotel is the Olin House, admirably kept by R. H. Jordan, proprietor. 

[We are indebted to Prof. C. L. Porter for preparing the history of Olin. 
— Editor.] 



CASTLE GROVE TOWNSHIP. 

This township, according to the United States survey, is numbered 86 north, 
west of Range 4. 

The larger portion of the township is high rolling prairie, interspersed with 
ravines and glades, which, by draining, make the very best of meadow lands. 
There are several creeks running through the township, which afford excellent 
opportunities for stock-raising. There is quite a large body of timber in the 
northeast portion of the township, which, by economical usage, will furnish a 
supply for the needs of the inhabitants in this direction for a long time to come. 
The inhabitants of this township are a thriving, industrious and persevering 
people. The never-failing appendage of a thrifty Yankee farmer — a good barn 
— is frequently found on these prairies, though many of the inhabitants are 
descendants from the Emerald Isle. The citizens of this township, in common 
with the people of the other portions of the county, show their appreciation of 
good morals by erecting schoolhouses, in which the youth may be trained up to 
usefulness and kept from idleness. The monotony of the prairie is frequently 
relieved by trees which have been set out for shade and ornament. Altogether, 
the township is desirably and pleasantly located. The soil is fertile, and the 
healthfulness of the people most excellent. 

The Castle Grove Post Office is situated near the center of the township, and 
James M. King is Postmaster. There are three churches in the township, two 
Protestant and one Catholic Church. 

The Castle Grove Mill is in the northeast part of the township, and is owned 
by Levi Berlin. The mill was built in 1872, by Berlin & Stambaugh, at a 
cost of $10,000. There are two run of stone, and the' capacity of the mill is 
about one hundred bushels of wheat per day. 

Among the early settlers of this township were Simeon Forman, Thomas 
Galligan, McLaughlins, Kehoes, Hogans, Rearricks, Starrs, Deischer, Heisey, 
Downer and others. There is no village in the township. 

CHURCHES. 

The Ohurch of the Immaculate Conception, in Castle Grove, is situated in 
the northern part of the township, and was erected by the Roman Catholics in 
the year 1877, at a cost of about $20,000. Mr. John Kenan was the architect 
and Mr. M. Doyle, of Anamosa, the contractor. The edifice is a remarkably 
fine one and does honor to the members of the Church in Castle Grove. It is, 
without doubt, the finest church edifice in the State outside the largest cities. 

Evangelical Churchy of Castle Grove Township. This church was organ- 
ized in 1855. The first minister was Rev. John Miller. Daniel High was the 
first Class-Leader. A church edifice was built in the year 187(3, at a cost of 
$1,400. Present membership, twenty-two. Pastor in charge. Rev. Daniel 
Fink. The first Trustees were Daniel Deischer, Henry Heisey, John Heisey, 
John Wint and Benjamin Rider. 



526 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

The present Board of Trustees are Daniel Deischer, Benjamin Rider, John 
Heisey, John Kline and Madison Franks. 

Castle Grove Baptist Church. — This church was organized on the 5th of July, 
1874. James Starr was elected Clerk and B. F. Searles and Jerome Scott, 
Deacons. The church edifice was dedicated September 2(3. 187(3. The follow- 
ing Pastors have served the Church : Revs. J. W. Thompson, L. II. Thompson, 
W. C. Archer and J. G. Johnson, the present Pastor. There were twelve 
members at the time of organization, and there are now twentv-nine. 



RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 

This township is east of Monticello and west of AYashington, and is one of 
the first settled in the county. The south fork of the Maquoketa River crosses 
the southwest corner of the township, and by this means and numerous creeks, 
the whole is well watered. About one-third of the area is as fine prairie land 
as there is in the State, and the balance is timber-land. The prairie is in the 
northwest corner, and here the village of Bowen's Prairie is situated. Twenty 
years ago, this was a village of considerable importance, but the building-up of 
the town of Monticello caused the removal of business to that place. The fol- 
lowing heads of families are found at Bowen's Piairie Village: E. S. Blodgett, 
Cyrus Whittemore, William Whittemore, Widow Heims, Frederick Pennaman, 
N. C. Rowley and James Craig. N. C. Rowley is the Postmaster. There are 
two churches in the village and a German Church in the western portion of the 
township, about two miles south of Bowen's Prairie. We were unable to get 
the history of the Methodist Church at the village, or the German Church, 
when we were in that part of the county. 

The timbered portion of the township is settled principally by Germans and 
Irish. A portion of the town of Cascade is in the northeast corner of the 
township, and an excellent water-power is here afforded by means of the north 
fork of the Maquoketa. 

The Bowen's Prairie district constitutes one of the loveliest landscapes in 
the State, and, had the village secured a railroad would have been one of the 
most important towns in the county. 

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF BOWEN'S PRAIRIE. 
BY BAiniETT AVHITTEMOKE. 

The following, by Barrett Whittemore, though somewhat lengthy, is so 
entertaining that we give it entire, knowing full well that every subscriber to 
the Jones County History Avill be delighted with anything from the pen of "The 
Old Schoolmaster of Bowen's Prairie." 

" Bowen's Prairie originally included all that prairie region west of Cas- 
cade, which lies between the two Maquoketa Rivers, and east of Plum Creek, 
and including a part of the counties of Dubuque, Jones and Delaware, com- 
prising two townships of land, more or less. It derives its name from Hugh 
Bowen, who, in company with John Flinn, in the year 1836, first visited this 
locality ; and, being charmed by its beautiful scenery, fertile soil, salubrious 
springs, and other desirable atti-actions, they selected adjoining claims. That 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTF. 527 

of the former being well known as the " Bo wen Farm," and the latter lying 
immediately west of it, and now owned by Ebenezer Little and Barrett Whitte- 
more. The favorable reports Avhich these adventurers gave of the country stim- 
ulated others to visit this section, and the same year, Moses Collins and Joshua 
Johnston came and staked off claims north of the two just named, and now 
owned by William Beatty and Robert Bunting's widow. Alfred Weatherford 
also arrived the same season, and, in the absence of Mr. Flinn, took possession 
of his claim, and, by intimidation, succeeded in holding it. About this time, 
Thomas S. Denson, Gillespie Laughlin, Charles Johnston and Franklm Dalby 
came and selected claims in the same neighborhood, all now or lately owned 
respectively by Joseph Hickman, William Brazelton. Philip Cline and Franklin 
Dalby. In the same year, the Delong family, consisting of father and mother, 
with "their five sons, William, Parl^, Perry, John and Jacob, and a daughter 
Susan, took possession of the Falls and the vicinity known as Cascade. They 
put up two cabins on the premises, one being situated about four rods west of 
the Falls and the other near the present site of G. G. Banghart's store. As 
there seemed, however, to be a prospect that their claim would be contested, 
they sold the water-poAver and ^ the land lying east of the river, with a narrow 
belt 200 feet wide lying west of the river, to John Sherman, who afterward dis- 
posed of one-half his interest to Hugh Bowen. Near this time, Daniel Varvel 
and William Clark took possession of the present site of Monticello, where they 
built a commodious log house, and opened adjoining farms. About the 1st of 
January, 1837, Thomas Dickson, with his wife and two children, Elizabeth 
and William, moved to the prairie, laying claim to the premises now occupied 
by the Yousse family. After living on, and improving the same several years, 
be sold his claim to Benedict Yousse, who has been a resident on the same 
some thirty-three years. In the same year, William Moore, Sr.,with his three 
sons, William, Thomas and John, came and took up claims south of the Yousse 
farm just mentioned. Two of the sons, William and John have lately died, 
and Thomas is still living on the original claim. The father, William Moore, a 
hale and hearty old gentleman, after leaving Bowen's Prairie, bought the 
Beardsley farm, some seven miles west of Monticello, where he lived until two 
years ago, when he died. I will illustrate some of the inconveniences of 
the good olden time, even extending to the important act of getting 
married, by relating the following incident : Mr. Moore, being a widower, 
and deeming it not good for man to be alone, sought a helpmeet, and suc- 
ceeded in finding one who was willing to accommodate him, provided the 
necessary preliminaries could be complied with. But here was a dilemma. 
Ministers and Justices of the Peace were not as plentiful as at present, and 
to obtain the services of either would be attended with delay, expense and 
trouble. A Justice, however, was found, in the person of Jacob Hamilton, 
then living at Whitewater, in Dubuque County ; and, being sent for, he came, 
but on his arrival, found himself in a different county, and, therefore, out of 
his jurisdiction. Here, then, was another difficulty to be surmounted. But 
necessity is truly the mother of invention. 

" The parties could all walk over the line into Dubuque County, and then 
all would be right. So, shortly after, having made the necessary arrangements 
for a foot-tramp of some three or four miles, a party of five, includmg the 
important personage of Justice, with Thomas Dickson and wife as witnesses, 
set out on foot, and in due time reached the desired locality, just within the pre- 
cinct of Dubuque County. And here, under the blue canopy of heaven, sur- 
rounded by the forest oaks, the knot was tied, the blessing pronounced, and 



528 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

the parties dispersed ; and this is the history of the first wedding on Bowen's 
Prairie, just forty years ago. 

'' The United States surveys of the public lands in this vicinity, were made 
in the years 1836—37. As many claims were taken and improvements made 
previous to these surveys, some of the claimants were much annoyed by the 
Government lines passing through their improvements, thus frequently, essen- 
tially interfering with private boundaries established by the claimants them- 
selves. A small inclosure was liable, in certain contingencies, to fall on four 
different sections, frequently placing the building on one section and the 
improved land on another. To the married man, this was of comparatively 
minor importance, as he would have the ability to purchase whatever he wanted. 
But these contingencies often made sad havoc with the poor settler's anticipa- 
tions, whose means were frequently limited to the purchase of forty or, at most, 
eighty acres. A compromise in such cases was frequently made by accommo- 
dating neighbors, but selfishness, then as now, was not an uncommon element 
in the human heart. 

" The 16th Section, being reserved for school purposes, and placed under the 
control of the State, was liable to be kept out of market for a series of years, 
and, when offered for sale, was put up with such limitations in regard to price, 
as was deemed most advantageous to the school fund. Therefore, should a settler 
have made valuable improvements on such lands, he was liable to be subjected 
to pay a higher price per acre for his lands than he would have been had such 
land been under the control of the General Government. The cutting and 
using of timber on such lands, except under certain restrictions, was declared 
by law an indictable offense. 

*' On the 1st of January, 1838, Barrett Whittemore first took up his perman- 
ent residence on Bowen's Prairie, and commenced improving the premises now 
occupied by himself, and including the farm immediately east, now owned by 
J. Hickman, consisting of 100 acres of prairie and 80 acres of timber. His first 
domicile was a log cabin 14x16 feet, built some three rods north of his present 
residence, and into Avhich he moved on the 19th day of May in the same year, 
entering into a temporary partnership with T. Dickson, and boarding Avith him. 

" On the 28th of February, in this year, John Gillman, a Methodist minis- 
ter, held the first religious meeting on Bowen's Prairie and probably the first 
in the north part of the county. He preached here regularly every three weeks 
afterward, during his stay on this circuit. 

" On the 24th of April following, a most melancholy event transpired on 
the prairie, filling the whole community with gloom, and the family immedi- 
ately interested with unspeakable anguish. The circumstances were these : 
We had finished our out-door work and chores, glad to enter the house to sit 
down and enjoy the cheerful fire blazing upon the hearth, which the cold, bleak 
northeast wind and rain rendered peculiarly grateful to our chilled bodies. 
Darkness had set in, rendering the out-door desolation doubly so. Suddenly 
we were aroused by a knock at the door, and the entrance of two of our neigh- 
bors, who informed us that a boy was lost. Alfred Denson, a remarkably 
bright and amiable lad of six years, and the light of the household, had wan- 
dered from the house and was lost, either on the cold, bleak prairie, or in the 
still more dismal forest. The instant the information was communicated, we 
felt that the poor boy's fate was sealed. If he had wandered into the thick 
woods, he might possibly survive until morning, but if, as we feared, he had 
strayedout into the wide, unprotected prairie, we felt that his sleep that night 
would be ' the sleep from which there is no awakening.' 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 529 

" Dark and dreary and uncomfortable as was the night, the citizens were 
aroused, and started out with the resolution to do what they could. But the 
night was intensely dark ; we were destitute of lanterns, and were obliged to 
depend on torches to guide us in our travels, and these were comparatively use- 
less on account of the strong wind and rain. We expected to get lost our- 
selves, but this did not deter us. Our first design was to search the forest in 
the vicinity of the child's home, and to build fires in different places, if possibly 
the child might discover some of them ; they also might be guiding-stars to the 
searchers. 

" There was a timber road leading into the forest, which we thought possi- 
bly the boy might have raken, and, examining it particularly with the light of 
our torches, we discovered his track leading into the forest. This encouraged 
us to proceed, thinking now we had ascertained the direction he had taken. 
We were also the more encouraged in regard to the safety of the boy, as, if we 
should not find him that night, he might obtain a shelter which would save him 
from perishing. Soon, however, we found another track of his retracing steps, 
and leading back into the prairie. On this discovery, we were thrown into con- 
fusion in regard to the course we should take. We knew not whether he would 
abide by the road, and thus reach the open prairie, or whether, in the dark- 
ness, he might have left it and still be wandering in the forest. We, however, 
followed it, and again discovered his track near the northeast corner of Hugh 
Bowen's field, and some 100 rods out into the open prairie. Here we took 
rails from the fence, and built a large fire, which could be seen all through the 
settlement. We built the fire also, partly, as guide to the child, if he should 
be fortunate enough to see it, and partly as a pilot to ourselves. 

" Hoping that possibly he might, in his wanderings, have reached some of 
the neighbors, we visited those living on the north side of the prairie, to wit : 
Moses Collins, Charles Johnston and Franklin Dalby. Not discovering any 
further trace of the child, we proceeded thence westerly on a neighborhood 
road, became bewildered, losing our track and course. We then commenced 
shouting, and obtained a response from the elder Mr. Dalby. We groped our 
way to his residence, and deeming it advisable to hunt no further before day- 
light, we encamped by the fire for the night. 

"For tsvo succeeding days, the whole community, including Cascade and 
Monticello, comprising some thirty persons, made a systematic search through 
the timber, north and south of the settlement, and the prairie between, but 
without success, and it was not until the fourth day afterward that the lifeless 
body of the boy was discovered nearly covered up with tall slough-grass, some 
eighty rods north of the present residence of T. W. Little, and nearly two 
miles distant from his home. He doubtless perished on the first night of his. 
wanderings. The sympathizing neighbors immediately collected and assisted 
as best they could in performing the last rites of burial. There was no minis- 
ter to officiate. A little baml of sincere mourners bore the child to its last 
resting-place, there to rest in peace until the resurrection morn. And this 
marks the era of the first death and burial on Bowen's Prairie. 

"On the 26th of May, in the same year, Williams Collins first visited the 
prairie, taking up a claim on the north side — now more familiary known as the 
Collins farm. He soon afterward moved to the prairie with his wife and two 
small children — Mary and Ann. The elder one, Mary, is living in Delaware 
County and is the widow of the late Dr. Moses Perley. Mr. Collins was a 
native" of Kentucky, and first came up the Mississippi River about the year 
1827, landing at Galena, and thence proceeding to the Blue Mounds, in 



530 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

Wisconsin, where he resided some six years, when, in 1833, at the first settlement 
of Iowa, he came to Dubuque and commenced mining on Catfish Creek, some 
two miles southwest of Dubuque. Thence he moved to Durango, where in Jan- 
uary, 1835, he married Kezah Hogan, a daughter of David Hogan, with whom, 
as above stated, he moved to Bowen's Prairie. I do not feel justified in closing 
his history just here. Born in Kentucky, he possessed in an eminent degree 
that frankness, hospitality, that stern independence, that delicate sense of honor, 
which marks the true Kentuckian. His wife, also, was a model woman, remark- 
able for her intelligence and grace, and for all those noble qualities of mind 
and heart which characterize the true Christian lady. She died suddenly on 
the 30th day of September, 1842, leaving a fiimily of five helpless children 
and a broken-hearted husband. During the gold excitement, Mr. Collins went, 
to California, where he remained fourteen years and then returned to Bowen's 
Prairie. After remaining here some five years, he moved to Warrensburg, 
Johnson County, Mo., where he died some years ago. 

'• On the 24th of May, 1838, the Delong brothers raised a saw-mill some 
two miles above Cascade, being the first saw-miil built in this vicinity. On the 
12th of June following, the Territory of Wisconsin was divided by act of 
Congress, to take effect on the 3d of July following, that portion west of the 
Mississippi River to constitute the Territory of Iowa. On the 11th of Sep- 
tember, 1838. the first general election in Jones County was held at the house 
of Barrett Whittemore, for the purpose of electing a Delegate to the legislative 
Assembly of the Territory of Iowa. Eleven votes were cast. Mr. Whittlesey, 
a candidate from Cedar County, was present. On the 7th of December follow- 
ing, a meeting of the citizens of Jones County was held at the house of Bar- 
rett Whittemore for the purpose of taking the preliminary steps toward the 
organization of Jones County. Hugh Bowen was Chairman of the meeting 
and William Hutton, Secretary. On the 24th of January, 1839. the county 
of Jones was organized by act of the Legislature, to take eff'ect on the 1st of 
June following ; also on the same date, January 24th, an act was passed 
appointing three Commissioners to locate the county seat of Jones County. 
The names of the Commissioners were : Simeon Gardner, of Clinton County ; 
Israel Mitchell, of Linn County, and William H.Whitesides, of Dubuque County, 
who were instructed to meet at the house of Thomas Dickson, of Bowen's 
Prairie, for that purpose, on the second Monday in March, 1839. On the day 
appointed, Mr. Mitchell arrived, and, after waiting two days and the others 
failing to make their appearance, he returned without accomplishing his mis- 
sion. 

" On the 1st of January, 1839, an act was passed providing for the estab- 
lishment of common schools. February, 1839, marks the era of the first settle- 
ment of Fisherville, some two miles above Anamosa, on the Buffalo, by George 
H. AValworth and Gideon H. Ford, for the purpose of building a saw-mill. Hon. 
Timothy Davis, of Dubuque, was also a partner in the concern. A hewed-log 
house twenty-four feet square, was erected for the accommodation of the firm. 
Shortly after, two younger brothers of Mr. Walworth, to wit, C. C. Walworth 
and J. D. Walworth, arrived and formed a part of the household. On the 16th 
of April, 1839, Harrison Bowen, a brother of Hugh Bowen, arrived with his 
family from Ohio, taking up his residence with his brother. Joseph Berryhill, 
a half-brother of Mr. Bowen, arrived at the same time. On the 23d of May, 
in the same year, the engineers appointed to survey the military road from 
Dubuque to Iowa City, passed through the prairie, locating the road substan- 
tially where it now runs ; $20,000 were at first appropriated by the General 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 531 

Government for surveying, bridging, grubbing and opening the same. Subse- 
quently, $13,000 additional Avere appropriated for the same purpose. Out of 
this appropriation, a Mr. Reed, of Fairview, was paid for building the first 
bridge across the Wapsipinicon at Anamosa. In the same year, 1839, James 
L. Langworthy, of Dubuque, also took contracts for bridging, grubbing, and 
opening the road, paying $3 per mile for running a furrow to inJicate the local- 
ity of the road. July 3, 1839, witnessed the raising of Walworth's mill, at 
Fisherville. Runners were sent some eighteen miles for hands to raise. Thirty 
were obtained. This was probably the first heavy raising in Jones County 
without whisky. Strong coffee, richly prepared with sugar and cream, was 
used as a substitute. As the raising occupied two days, all hands encamped 
for the night on the ample floor. As a pastime during the evening, an inter- 
esting discussion on banking was held, George H. Walworth being in favor and 
James L. Langworthy opposed, to the institution. 

" On the 24th of July, 1839, the first political caucus in Jones County was 
held, at the house of Clement Russell, for the purpose of nominating Territorial 
county officers. George H. Walworth was nominated for the Assembly. On 
the 5th of August, was held the second general election in Jones County, forty, 
two votes being cast in Bowen's Prairie Precinct. The candidates for Repre- 
sentative were Israel Mitchell and George H. Walworth. The latter was 
elected. Hugh Bowen was elected Sheriff. I will relate an incident, said to 
have transpired in this precinct at this election, tending to illustrate the accom- 
modating spirit of Justices in those days, as well as the sensitiveness of candi- 
dates for office when their fitness for duties was called in question. During the 
day of election, it was noticed that a certain candidate was for some length of 
time in close consultation with a certain Justice of the Peace. There appeared 
to be great earnestness on the part of the candidate, as well as a disposition to 
listen on the part of the Justice. Something was up, that was evident, an ax 
to grind, if nothing more. At length an inkling of the state of things was 
revealed by a favored few, who pretended to know how matters stood. The 
said candidate, Avhom we will call Daniel, had heard it whispered that he was 
incompetent for the office, in fact, that he couldn't spell his own name correctly. 
This, if true, would surely have been a damaging accusation. But the said 
candidate was determined that such a glaring slander should be refuted ; that 
obstacle, at least, in the way of his election, should be removed. He would pro- 
duce an affidavit, signed by his own hand ; that the accusation was cruelly false ; 
that he did know how to spell his name ; that he had done it and could do it 
again ; that he never spelled his name Daniel ; that he was prepared to produce 
documents to show that he always spelt it Danill. Having, of course, satis- 
fied the legal voters on this point, it is presumed they governed themselves 
accordingly, accepting his statement of the case that he did spell his name with 
n double instead of a single '1.' 

'• As horse-racing is one of the established institutions of the day, it may 
not be inappropriate to trace back its history to the first grand horse-race on 
Bowen's Prairie, and probably in Jones County, tending to show, if nothing 
more, the respectability of its origin, its felicitous results, and its tendency to 
elevate and refine the moral sentiments of the community at large. This 
event happened on the 18th day of x'Vugust, 1839. The competitors were 
Charles Johnston and Alfred Weatherford; the day, the holy Sabbath ; the 
wager, a gallon of whisky ; distance to be run, eighty rods ; terminus, a stake- 
and-ridered fence. At the word ' go,' both parties started off at a commenda- 
ble pace, but, as they neared the fence, the said Johnston, valuing his head at 



532 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

a higher figure than a gallon of whisky even, held up, and thus saved a skull 
he was not prepared to break. But his competitor, Weatherford, was not to be 
thus defeated ; he could see in the stake-and-ridered fence ahead something 
which would make him happy for a week, so for the fence he went with all the 
madness of a Calmuck Tartar. His horse, however, once in his life, seemed 
disposed to exercise his own rights, to-wit, that of life and limb, and when 
within some twenty feet of the decisive leap which would have mingled horse, 
rider and fence in one indistinguishable ruin, suddenly/ stopped. The momen- 
tum, however, carried the rider most effectually not only to but into the desired 
goal, completely demolishing both rider and fence. The conflict was over, the 
race won, and the whisky most cheerfully forthcoming, the loser declaring his 
entire satisfaction at the result, and proposing to repeat the contest, saying he 
had one more gallon he would be happy to dispose of with similar results. 
Whether the race was repeated, deponent is not informed. 

" On the 24th of August, 1839, a meeting of the citizens of Jones County 
was held at the center of the county, to obtain an expression of their wishes 
in regard to the county seat. On the 16th of September, 1839, Edmund 
Booth called here on his way to Fisherville. It is none of our business to 
inquire what his business was, or why, in a reasonable time afterwai'd, he led 
to the altar the accomplished sister of Mr. Walworth. On the 13th and 
14th of November, 1839, Joseph E Green raised his hewed-log house, on 
the premises now owned by Francis M. Hicks, being attracted to that 
locality by its bountiful spring of water and beautiful scenery, and on the 
day following, a dwelling-house was raised by a Mr. Michaeljohn, a Scotch- 
man, near the late residence of Andrew Gordon. On the 27th of the same 
month, Hugh L. Johns raised a blacksmith-shop some twelve rods east of the 
house of Barrett Whittemore. 

" On the 21st of January, 1839, an act was passed appointing Chauncy 
Swan, John Ronalds and Robert Ralston to meet at Napoleon, on the 1st day 
of May, 1839, and locate the seat of government of the Territory of Iowa, 
resulting in its location at Iowa City, in the county of Johnson. On the 17th 
of January, 1840, the city of Dubuque was incorporated. On the 13th of 
March, in the same year, ground was broken on the public square of Iowa City 
for the foundation of the State House, Barrett Whittemore being plowman. On 
the 15th of June, 1840, the official census of Jones County was taken by Hugh 
Bowen, as follows: Males, 290; females, 185; total, 475. About the 20th of 
June in this year, the citizens of Bowen's Prairie, including Monticello and 
Cascade, met at the house of Moses Collins for the purpose of taking measures 
to protect their claims at the coming land sales, from the iron grasp of land 
speculators, and to reconcile conflicting claimants, so as to avoid countcrbidding 
at the sale. A resolution to that eft'ect was drawn up and signed by twenty- 
five persons. William Collins and Barrett Whittemore were appointed to act as 
bidders for all purchasers in this vicinity, and George H. Walworth for the 
same purpose in the south part of the county. 

" On June 22, 1840, the land sales for this region commenced. George L. 
Nightingale was Auctioneer, and Thomas McKnight, Receiver. Two townships 
were sold daily, occupying about one hour. The remainder of the day was 
devoted to receiving moi.ey and issuing certificates. On Thursday following, 
June 25, Richland Township was offered. Only two sections were sold, 
amounting to $1,600. This amount not only drained the purchasers of their 
ready cash, but a considerable amount of it was borrowed at 25 to 30 per cent 
interest. The remaining claims were left unsold for the want of means to 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 533 

purchase with, thus subjecting the claimants to the risk of losing their claims. 
The risk, however, was not wholly on one side. Woe to the audacious spec- 
ulator, who, in those days, failed to recognize the equitable rights of the occu- 
pying claimants. During the hours of sale, the auction-room was surrounded 
by an organized band of determined men, ready to inflict summary vengeance 
on any who should dare to raise the bid of an actual settler, or who should bid 
on land claimed by one. It must be acknowledged that the stand taken by the 
settlers could not have been legally sustained, and might, in certain contingen- 
cies, have provoked a conflict between the settlers and the Government. But 
the settlers were willing to incur that risk, and circumstances rather tended to 
lead to the impression that the Government oflScers were inclined to avoid, if 
possible, such a conflict. 

" At this date, Alfred VVeatherford sold his claim to Francis Gehon, and 
moved to Missouri. Mr. Gehon sold to a Mr. Malony, who, in 1847, sold to 
Ebenezer Little. His son is the present owner and occupant. During this 
season, 1840, John Byers, then a lad of some ten summers, came to the Prairie, 
taking up his residence with Hugh Bowen, with whom he lived till about the 
time of his marriage to Mary Ellen Graham, a daughter of David Graham, 
formerly of Bowen's Prairie, and now a resident of Anamosa. Mr. Byers lived 
for some years in independent circumstances on his farm near Langworthy, and, 
with his estimable lady, still retains the cordial respect and good will of numer- 
ous friends of his earlier days. He now lives at Great Bend, Kan. 

" On the 19th of October, 1840, the first schoolhouse on Bowen's Prairie, if 
not in the county, was raised, being a private institution of Barrett Whitte- 
more's, and situated a few rods east of his present residence. For some nine 
years, this building was used alternately as a schoolhouse, a church and a court 
room. Previous to this, quite a number of settlers had located in Cascade and 
vicinity, including John Raff'erty, Mahlon Lupton, Asa Leek, Lyman Dillon, 
Robert and George Snowden, Peter Summers, and others whose names are not 
recollected. Elon Raff'erty, son of John Raff'erty, still lives on or near his 
original homestead. 

"On the 28th of January, 1841, John O'Sullivan raised his first dwelling- 
house on the premises now owned by his son. 

'• On March 22, 1841, the District Court was held in Edinburg, probably 
the first session held in the county. Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, was 
Judge, Hugh Bowen, Sheriff", and William Hutton, Clerk. In the lack of out- 
side accommodations, the court-room was used as a substitute. In the evening 
was held a political discussion, in which Lewis A. Thomas, a lawyer from 
Dubuque, and George H. Walworth were speakers ; Charles P. Hutton also 
participated, after which was had an organization of the Whig party. This 
year, William Tibbetts arrived with his family, and settled on the premises 
where he resided until a few years ago, when he moved into Monticello. During 
his residence, he has been elected to various county and township offices, prom- 
inent among them that of Justice of the Peace. 

" On the 8d of February, 1841, Charles Johnson moved to Missouri, but 
subsequently returned, and, about the year 1850, moved to California, where 
he still resides. 

"In 1841, John McGinty and family moved to Bowen's Prairie, occupying 
a house belonging to Franklin Dalby, where he resided some two years, when 
he removed to his farm, two miles east of Cascade. 

" June 21, 1841, a school was opened by Barrett Whittemore on Bowen's 
Prairie, being the first school taught in Jones County, north of the Wapsipinicon, 



534 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

and continuing in session, with two short vacations, until the 4th of March, 
1842, constituting a term of thirty-five weeks, or 175 days ; tuition, ^3 
per quarter ; chiklren under 7 years, ^2.50 ; whole attendance, 29 ; average, 
15, Books used were McGuff'ey's First, Second and Third Readers, Webster's 
Elementary Speller, Smith's, Pike's, Daboll's and Smiley's Arithmetics. There 
were eighteen writers, eleven in Avritten arithmetic, two in geography and one 
in grammar. 

" On the 27tii of June, 1841, Rev. Ira Blanchard, a Baptist minister, resid- 
ing in Castle Grove Township, held a religious meeting in the schoolhouse and 
made appointments to preach every fourth Sabbath after. At his second meet- 
ing, on the 24th of July following, some seventy-five persons Avere present, 
considered then the largest collection of persons ever assembled in Jones 
County ; some of the hearers residing fifteen miles distant. 

" About the 1st of January, 1842, a post office was established at Cascade ; 
L. A. Styles, Postmaster. On the 19th of February following, was held the 
first temperance meeting in this vicinity, at a house owned by Arthur Thomas, 
of Cascade. Some twenty persons were present, twelve of whom signed the 
pledge. Two weeks afterward, a second meeting was held and a Temper- 
ance Society formed ; William Collins was elected President, Asa Leek, Vice 
President, and William Hutton, Secretary. Temperance meetings were fre- 
quently held afterward in this vicinity, awakening considerable interest in the 
cause, but instigating the enmity of the rumsellers. 

" During the year 1842, the Delong family sold their lands in Cascade 
and vicinity to the following purchasers : Caleb Bucknam, since deceased ; G. 
G. Banghart and John Taylor, the present occupants. Most of Mr. Buck- 
nam's original ])urchase is now merged in the village of Cascade. Mr. Bang- 
hart lias been a prominent merchant in Cascade for nearly the whole period of 
his residence there, some thirty-seven years, occasionally assuming the duties 
which the county or township imposed on him. He was elected County Com- 
missioner of Jones County soon after its organization, performing his duties 
with credit and ability. John Taylor was a native of Rockingham County, N. 
H., whence he emigrated to New York at the age of sixteen, thence to 
Wisconsin, subsequently to Dubuque, and thence to Jones County, as above 
stated. Soon after his arrival, he was elected Probate Judge of Jones County, 
which office he held for three years. In 1844, he was elected as Delegate to 
the Convention for framing a State Constitution, and has been repeatedly 
elected as State Repi'esentative, serving in that capacity six or eight sessions 
in all. It is not necessary to speak of him as a neighbor and citizen, what the 
writer could say would be deemed a cold compliment by those numerous recipi- 
ents of his bounty, by the desolate bosoms which have been cheered by his 
sympathy, and by alienated hearts which have been reconciled by his timely 
and wise counsels. 

"June 17 and 18, 1843, witnessed the arrival on the prairie of Otis Whitte- 
more and wife, with a brother-in-law, John H. Eaton. He soon after laid 
claim to his old premises on Bowen's Prairie, which he commenced improving 
and on which he resided some twenty-four years, when, nine years ago, he 
moved to Monticello, where he now resides. He took a prominent part in 
building the Congregational Churches both at Cascade and Bowen's Prairie, 
About the year 1854, he opened a store on Bowen's Prairie, and, for several 
years, supplied most of the inhabitants with dry goods and groceries. In 
1860, he was elected a Representative to the State Legislature, He has always 
been a stanch advocate of temperance, freedom and the moral reforms of the day. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 535 

" In 1854, Phillip Cline arrived on the Prairie, and purchased the premises 
known as the Cline farm, where he continued to reside for some thirty years, 
when he moved to Nebraska. He was a native of Virginia ; moved thence 
to Ohio ; thence to Illinois, and finally to Bowen's Prairie. He has seen 
a large family of children grow up under his care ; several have died ; one 
still resides here. The others are eligibly situated with homes of their own. 
His oldest son, William, influenced by the glaring reports from California, 
about the year 1850, joined the crowd of adventurers, and, after an absence of 
three years, returned, not as too many are foolish enough to do, with an 
elephant on his foot and a flea in his ear, but did the more sensible thing of 
returning with a. pocket full of rocks. Surely this double present of a husband 
and a fortune must have been somewhat bewildering to any young lady, and we 
must not be much surprised if his fairy-bird was not an exception. Be that as it 
may, he is now living in very comfortable style in an elegant mansion, with his 
wife and children, with an abundance of rich acres surrounding him, and I 
presume, hardly dreams that some twenty-six years have glided away since the 
enactment of the drama just described. 

"William Brazleton moved to the Prairie in the year 1845, and first set- 
tled on the premises now owned by A. R. Doxsee, and upon which he resided 
until the year 1849, cultivating and improving his farm, and burning brick. 
He erected the first brick house built in this vicinity, being the one now owned 
and occupied by the widow of Robert Bunting. He subsequently moved to 
Independence, Buchanan County, where he opened a hotel and ran it with 
profit to himself and satisfaction to the traveling public. Believing the locality 
an unhealthy one, he sold out and returned to the Prairie, and purchased the 
farm on which his son now resides. By availing himself of all the modern 
improvements in husbandry, and in building and household conveniences, he 
rendered his premises an inviting resort for all lovers of scientific husbandry. 
He now resides near Monticello, and, having been successful in accumulating 
a competency sufiicent to release him from the necessity of physical toil, it is 
to be hoped that he will still continue to be, as he has been, the defender of an 
honest appropriation of the revenues." 

It will be noticed that some of the above points are elsewhere referred to, 
but only so much as to fully corroborate what is written. — [Ec] 

Boweiis Prairie First Congregational Church. — This church was organized 
March 23, 1853 ; Rev. E. Wright, of Anamosa, preached on the occasion. 
The following persons were admitted to membership at the time of organiza- 
tion : John White and wife, Lucian Rice and wife, Edmund Blodgett and wife, 
Otis Whittemore and wife, Barrett Whittemore and wife, and Fanny S. Flint. 

April 2, 1853, the Church met and agreed to accept the Rules and Articles 
of Faith of the Dubuque Congregational Church. In May following, four 
members were added to the Church by letter. There have labored with this 
Church in the Gospel ministry : Revs. T. II. Canfield, S. C. Cady, J. Searles, 
I. Russell, W. Apthorp, C. S. Thompson, N. Closson and the present Pastor, 
Rev. Harvey Adams, one of the " Iowa Band." The communion service was 
the gift of Mrs. James Bowen. 

The First Congregational society was formed September, 1853, to co-oper- 
ate with the Church in building a house of worship. The foundation was laid 
the first of October, and the church completed and dedicated the following 
June. The cost of the edifice was $1,300, three hundred of which was donated 
from the Church Building Fund. This church has a fine bell, the cost of 
which was partly donated by Asa Bowen, Otis Whittemore and others; $100 



536 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

was raised by means of a bell-festival. Otis Whittemore donated the ground 
upon which the church was built, and also donated the grounds for the parson- 
age and half an acre of land for cemetery purposes, near the church. The 
cemetery has since been enlarged. 

This Church had for many years one of the finest choirs in this part of the 
State. There were at one time sixty members in the choir. At the outbreak 
of the war, a number of the young men became volunteers, and the following 
were among the number : Alfred Ilines, killed at the battle of Pea Ridge ; 
Edgar Ileims, died in camp at Helena, Ark., and Frederick Blodgett, died at 
Memphis, in hospital. He Avas an only son of Edmund S. Blodgett. On receipt 
of the news of the death of the above, the orchestra of the church was draped 
in mourning for many days. Much of the work of erecting the church edifice 
Was done by Mr. Otis Whittemore, who was the leader of the choir for many 
years. Mr. Whittemore also donated the grounds on which the M. E. Church 
at Bowen's Prairie was built. 



SCOTCH GROVE TOWNSHIP. 

The first settlement in this township was made in 1836 or 1837, and, con- 
sequently, Scotch Grove is one of the very earliest settled districts in the 
county. The first settlers were Scotch emigrants from the Selkirk settlements, 
in British America, on the Red River of the North. They are said to have 
traveled the whole distance in ox-carts of the most antiquated style of construc- 
tion. The hardships and privations incident to their journey — nearly a thou- 
sand miles — were numerous, and such as must have tried the very souls of 
these hardy pioneers to an extent that entitles them to the everlasting respect 
of all who now enjoy the advantages of this rich and populous district of the 
county of Jones. The indomitable will and courageous spirit of these early 
settlers have stamped their impress upon the character of the district in which 
they located, that will continue to be felt for a long time to come. The honor 
that is justly their due has never been paid to them, and the passing notice Ave 
give to them is by no means commensurate Avith their just deserts. 

The first settlers Avere John and Alexander Sutherland, Joseph Bremner, 
Alexander McLlain and David McCoy. After these came Ebenezer Suther- 
land, Donald Sutherland and Donald Sinclair, who came in about 1838. 
Donald Livingston came in 1840, and settled near Avhat is now the poor farm 
on the Avest side of Scotch Grove. About 1843, M. H. Hutton, and, some- 
Avhat later, L. J. Dreibelbis and MatheAv DaAvson settled in the tOAvnship. In 
1841, John E. Lovejoy, Avho had settled in Clay ToAvnship in 1839, came into 
Scotch Grove, and is still a resident, though he has at times been a resident of 
other portions of the country for a time, and was, for three years ' and a half, 
Consul to Peru, under the appointment of President Lincoln. 

At the time of the first settlement, there Avere no houses between the mili- 
tary road and Canton. The nearest market was Dubuque, and the nearest mill 
at Catfish Creek, and was a very poor excuse for a mill at that. The places 
noAv called cities Avere almost without inhabitants. Maquoketa had a fcAV set- 
tlers about it, and Dubuque Avas a mere hamlet. A few accessions were made 
occasionally until 1850, Avhen some pioneers arrived from Indiana and Pennsyl- 
vania, and the spies having sent back a favorable report, others followed thick 
and fast, and now the toAvnship is thickly settled. Taken as a whole, it may 




^'^^i^^^^^^^~^;^?2^^;^^SW^ 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 539 

be said that this township is unsurpassed for beauty of location by any in the 
county, and but few, if any, in the State. The South Fork of the Maquoketa 
waters the township on the north, along which there is good timber. Mineral 
Creek waters it in the southeast, and another small stream runs through about 
the center. The soil is a black, sandy loam, yielding abundantly to the culti- 
vator, though it requires care and attention to develop its full resources. The 
inhabitants are, as a rule, a moral, temperate and industrious people. During 
the late civil war, Scotch Grove was among the first in the county to send vol- 
unteers to the front, to fight for the preservation of the Union, and she con- 
tinued equally patriotic throughout the long struggle. 

The small village of Scotch Grove is on the Davenport Branch of the Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, in the west part of the township. H. D. 
Hanna has a general store, and is also the proprietor of a flourishing creamery. 

CHURCHES AND RED RIVER EMIGRANTS. 

The Scotch G-rove Presbyterian Church is situated on Section 22 of the 
township and near the center of the county. The original county seat was 
located in the southwest corner of this township and named Edinburg, near 
which the society laid out its burying ground and intended to build its church. 
When the township was named Scotch Grove, in 1831, the name of the Church 
was changed "to correspond. Its present location, nearly east of Scotch Grove 
Station, is four miles northeast of the historic Edinburg. This Church was 
organized in 1841, by Rev. M. Hummer, of Iowa City, then the capital of the 
State. It first members were Highland Scotch families from the Red River 
settlement of Lord Selkirk, in British America, a rival of the Hudson Bay 
Company. They had gone to this place in 1810, and had sufi'ered considerable 
hardships from the jealousy of the Hudson Bay Company, from the severity of 
the climate and the depredations of the grasshopper, and had been disappointed 
of the services of a Presbyterian minister, which Lord Selkirk had promised 
them. One of their number, Alexander McLain, had gone to Dubuque about 
1835, and invited them to follow him, and he came with them to the Maquo- 
keta timber, where many of them took up claims. James Livingstone, Alex- 
ander Rose and Angus Mathieson went to the Upper Grove, near Hopkinton, 
"vyhile James Mathieson, the Mclntyres and the Campbells went on to the other 
side of the Mississippi, opposite Bellevue. The first company came to Jones 
County in 1837, while Indians were still roving in the neighborhood, which 
were not removed by the Government to Kansas until 1846. The families who 
came in the first company were John Sutherland and his large family of boys, 
Alexander Sutherland and family, Joseph Bremner, David McCoy and Alexan- 
der McLain. Next year, four families arrived, Donald and Ebenezer Suther- 
land, Donald Sinclair and John McLain. In 1840, Donald Livingstone, David 
Esson and John Livingstone came, making in all about seventy-five persons. 
They traveled in ox carts, such as are still used by the Pembina half-breeds in 
the Red River country. They are made without any iron, and are generally 
drawn by one ox, whose harness is made of untanned buffalo-hide. 

The first death in the settlement occurred in 1839, and was that of Mrs. 
Isabel Sutherland, the mother of Donald, Alexander and Eben Sutherland and 
Mrs. Mclntyre. For two years after the Church was formed, there was no 
preaching except the occasional visits of Methodist ministers. John Suther- 
land and Donald Livingstone were the first Elders. In 1843, Rev. Samuel 
Cowles, of West Point, Lee Co., 130 miles distant, visited them on his way to 

M 



540 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

the Presbytery at Dubuque, arid promised to preach for them as often as he 
could on his large circuit through Linn Grove and Marion. Those were the 
days of large circuits, and of ministers with saddle-bags instead of satchels. 
Mr. Cowles was an earnest, able and pious minister, whose visits were welcomed 
by old and young. He preached to these scattered Churches about five times 
a year for seven years. He died in 1868. In 1850, Rev. F. A. Pratt preached 
for one year, and his wife taught select school in the house of E. Sutherland. 
He is still living, without a charge, in Mankato, Minn. In 1851, Rev. James 
Gallatin, one of the famous Gallatins of Pennsylvania, originally from Geneva, 
Switzerland, came just as the brethren had finished a new frame church (which 
stood in the middle of the graveyard in old-country fashion), and preached the first 
sermon in the new church and continued to labor faithfully on that charge and 
at Maquoketa for five years, when he was suddenly removed by death, and was 
buried on the east side of the church, where a modest gravestone tells of his 
cherished memory. He chose to serve his country friends, although frequently 
called as a minister by the Churches of Dubuque and Muscatine. He was suc- 
ceeded, in 1856, by Rev. James L. Wilson, who continued their Pastor for 
sixteen years. During his ministrations, in 1861, the second church was built, 
which they now occupy. This church cost over $2,000, and Avas built without 
aid from abroad. It is furnished with a fine bell, and has the modern addition 
of an excellent organ. The Rev. John Rice, a graduate of Glasgow College, 
and of the Reformed Presbyterian Seminary, in Paisley, Scotland, has supplied 
this charge for the last six years. 

This Church has been the mother of several of the same denomination in 
the county, namely, Wayne, Bethel, Onslow, Anamosa and Center Junction, 
and a former Pastor held stated service at Canton, Ozark and Cascade. The 
present membership is 74, but 288 persons have been members of this Church. 
Besides those previously mentioned, the following have been Elders : David M. 
Cook, James Clark, Mathew Dawson, Robert B. McCullough, John Bentley, 
Dr. Hugh McKean, S. Hazen Clark, Lyman B. Hoyt, Thomas Lyons, William 
Clark, David Sutherland and Dr. Alexander McKean. The following have 
been Deacons : Donald Sutherland, John Gibson, Phillip Kuhns, John and 
William A. Sutherland, Donald Sutherland, Jr., William H. Bolton, William and 
Robert Sutherland and Angus Sinclair. 

In 1852 and soon after, a large number of people from Western Pennsyl- 
vania, principally Presbyterians, settled in the neighborhood and united with 
the Church. Prominent among these were Rev. James McKean and his family 
of bovs. He had preached for twenty years, in Waynesburg, Ohio. The old 
Church is still vigorous, and vies with its youthful companions in earnest, faith- 
ful effort to promote the cause of morality and religion. 

In 1858, a Methodist Episcopal Church was built at the little village of 
Jonsontown, in the southeastern part of the township, but village and Church 
afterward suffered because of the superior attractions of railroad centers. 
About ten years later, another Methodist Episcopal Church was built on Section 
16, one and a half miles east of the railroad station. Regular service is held 
in the latter church. 

In 1872, the Christian denomination erected a house of worship at Scotch 
Grove Station, and is in a prosperous condition. 

This township combined with Wayne, have greater church fiicilities than 
any other three townships in the county. It can be said of them, with empha- 
sis, that they are a church-going, law-abiding, patriotic and prosperous people. 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 541 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 



Clay IS one of the oldest-settled townships in the county. The first per- 
manent settlers were David Killam, John E. Holmes, Benjamin Collins, Tru- 
man Brown and Madison Brown, who were here before 1838. John E. 
Lovejoy, now of Scotch Grove, came in 1839; P. D. Turner and Horace 
Turner came the same year, and, in the following spring, Lyman Turner, the 
father of P. D. and Horace. From 1840 to 1850, a few settlers came in, but 
in the latter year, the tide of emigrants which came pouring West, reached 
that place, and Clay Township was rapidly settled from that time on. A small 
portion of the village of Canton is in this township, and Canton may be called 
the commercial center. In early years, considerable lumber was manufactured 
at Canton. The South Fork of the Maquoketa enters the township at the 
northwest corner, and crossing to the east, leaves the township at the village 
of Canton. Along the river there is a good body of timber. The land along 
the river is a good deal broken and some of it rather sandy, but where it can 
be tilled gives good crops. Mineral Creek runs through the township near the 
south side, entering it near the north line of Section 31, and leaving it about 
a mile and a half north of the southeast corner of the township. The land in 
the prairie districts is abundantly productive, and the township is well watered 
and timbered. 

Taken as a whole, Clay compares favorably with other townships of the 
county. 

BETHEL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

This Church was organized June 14, 1870, at the schoolhouse in the south- 
west quarter of Clay Township, by a committee of the Dubuque Presbytery. 
The committee consisted of Revs. S. Hodge, D. D., J. L. Wilson and Elder 
Judge McKean. Previous to the year 1861, Rev. George E. Delavan, of Wyo- 
ming, had preached in this neighborhoocl, and on his death, which took place 
that year, Rev. James L. Wilson, of Scotch Grove, was invited and continued 
to preach at the Paul Schoolhouse in Wyoming Township, everj^ two weeks, 
from June 16, 1861, till the close of 1872. In 1865, these services were held, 
in the Paul Schoolhouse, Clay Township, and the Lord's Supper was adminis- 
tered frequently here, the Elders of Scotch Grove assisting, with which Church 
the most of the brethren in this neighborhood had united. 

April 27, 1870, a petition was sent by these friends to the Presbytery and 
a committee appointed as above stated, who, in company with Revs. II. N. 
Potter, of Epworth, Moderator, and Justus L. Janes, of Wyoming, met as 
stated, on the 16th of June, 1870, and organized Bethel Presbyterian Church, 
of Clay Township. 

Andrew Scroggie and Stephen R. Streeper were chosen Elders, and 
ordained and installed by the committee. 

Arrangements were also made to build a church edifice, but as soon after a 
Church was formed in Onslow, agreement was made with the Free-Will Bap- 
tist Church in Clay, to have services in their church, which has been continued 
till the present time. A charter and by-laws were adopted and legally exe- 
cuted December 17, 1870. 

On January 13, 1873, Rev. J. L. Wilson resigned the pastoral charge of 
this Church, and, on May 25, Rev. John Rice preached and was invited to 



542 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

return and has since continued to preach to this Church in connection with 
Scotch Grove. 

On June 16, 1877, a congregational meeting was held, Rev. John Rice 
presiding, at which time it was resolved to adopt the limited term of oifice for 
the Elders and Deacons, whereby each is to serve three years ; • and the follow- 
ing were chosen as Elders : Andrew Scroggie, Stephen R. Streeper, Andrew 
Duncanson and Thomas Hamilton; and as Deacons, A. P. Ormsby, John 
Dennison and David H. Orr, and on November 4, they were duly installed. 

This Church, at its yearly meeting, January 8, 1879, gave strong expression 
to the principles of the Presbyterian Church, on subjects of temperance and 
dancing. 

Officers, 1879: John Orr, Chairman; John Dennison, Secretary; A. P. 
Ormsby, Treasurer. 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 

There are but few counties in which there is no Washington Township, and 
Jones County is no exception to the rule. This is the northeast township of 
the county, and is one of the first settled portions in it. The north fork of the 
Maquoketa River enters the northeast corner, crosses to the southeast and leaves 
the township about a half-mile north of the southeast corner. The Whitewater 
branch of the Maquoketa enters the township from the north, a mile west of 
the northeast corner, and unites with the latter in the north part of Section 10. 
Farm Creek crosses the southwest portion, and, entering Clay Township on 
the south, empties into the south fork of the Maquoketa a little north of the 
center of that township. 

The surface of Washington is quite broken and hilly, and a large portion is 
timber-land. The soil, when cultivated, is productive, and the settlers are 
mostly Irish. Among the pioneers in this township were C. P. Hutton, who 
was one of the first Board of County Commissioners, as is stated elsewhere ; 
James Hutton, the son of C. P. Hutton, who now resides in Scotch Grove 
Township ; Abraham Hostetter and a Mr. MeflFord. These settled there about 
1836 or 1837. William Radford, Mahlon Lupton, William Rafferty and 
George Banghart, came and settled in Washington, not far from the same 
time. A portion of the city of Cascade is in the northwest corner of this town- 
ship and in the northeast corner of Richland, but the greater portion is in the 
county of Dubuque, and Cascade is properly a Dubuque County city. 

The early history of this township is more or less identical with that of 
Richland, and is given in a chapter by Barrett Whittemore. 



JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 

This township is east of Fairview and west of Madison. The surface is, 
largely, rolling prairie land ; in parts it is somewhat broken. The Wapsipini- 
con River enters from the west, near the center, and running southeast, leaves 
the township a mile west of the southeast corner. Along the river, there is 
good timber-land, and there is considerable timber in the northeast corner. 
The village of Newport is in the south part, on the Wapsipinicon, and consists, 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 543 

at the present time, of only a small collection of dwellings and a grist-mill. 
There is an excellent water-power at this point, and this village was once the 
county seat. One of the finest bridges spans the Wapsipinicon at this place 
that there is in the county. It is an iron structure, and rests upon good, solid, 
stone abutments. 

The Christian Church society have a small, brick church edifice in the 
northwestern part of the township, and there is a fine schoolhouse in the same 
neighborhood. The first settlers in the township were James Sherman and 
Adam Overacker. They were here as early as 1838 or 1839. Sherman set- 
tled in the eastern part, and in early times was a Justice of the Peace. Over- 
acker settled in the neighborhood of Newport. Levi Cronkhite, David Myers, 
Anthony Overacker settled also in the neighborhood of Newport. David Ger- 
man settled in the eastern part, near Sherman. Reuben Bunce, now of Ana- 
mosa, was also an old settler in Jackson. In the year 1846, Francis Byerly, 
Michael Byerly, Jacob Byerly, Andrew Byerly, John Byerly, William Byerly, 
and Adam Byerly came and settled in the neighborhood of Newport. William 
Benadon and Simon P. Benadon came with the Byerlys, Charles Beam came 
also about the same time. Daniel Slife came in 1849. From this time on, the 
settlers came in rapidly and Jackson is now well settled and well improved. 



CASS TOWNSHIP. 

This township is north of Fairview, and, though not the earliest settled',, 
comprises a portion of the very best farming land in the county. The south 
portion is considerably broken, and is principally timber-land, and a small dis- 
trict in north is likewise hilly and uneven. The central portion is a beautiful 
prairie district, almost entirely level or slightly undulating. The farms are in 
a good state of cultivation, and the farmhouses and barns good and substantial. 
The Buffalo Creek runs across the southwest corner, and the Dubuque & South- 
western Branch of the Chicago & Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway crosses the 
southw^est. In the center of the township the Congregational Church society 
has a good house of worship, and there is a Methodist Church two miles north 
of the center. In the southwestern portion there is one of the most flourishing 
creameries in the county, owned and operated by Messrs. Stuart & Chadwick. 
Among the early settlers of this township were Elisha Dodge, now of Monticello, 
Solomon Thomas, Mr. Pitcher, George Hall, Alex. Crawford, A. P. Condit, 
John Powell, M. Reaves, Linus Osborne, David Osborne, John Reaves, Silas 
Samms, Jonas Samms, Robert Condit, Oliver Doyle, Mr. Acres, John Wallace 
and others. 

There were but few settlers in the township until the year 1854, and the 
population increased rapidly after that time. 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 

This fine agricultural township lies immediately south of Monticello and 
northeast of Anamosa. It is surpassed by none in the fertility of its soil and 
the character of its inhabitants. While in many portions of the township the 
land is comparatively level, yet, as a whole, it is abruptly rolling and uneven, 
interspersed with rich lowlands and lined by several small ravines. Primeval 



544 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

forests are not found, but areas of thrifty young timber are not rare. Nearly 
all the land is tilhible, and is watered by Kitty Creek with its two main branches 
and their small tributaries. The southern sections constitute a "ridge" or 
water-shed from which small streams flow northward, and others to the southeast. 
The township is traversed by no river. The soil is generally a sandy loam, 
which produces excellent small grain, fair corn, good grass, and nearly all the 
varieties of fruit which are adapted to this latitude. Areas of alluvial soil 
yield premium corn. Their luxuriant meadows and cultivated grasses supply 
winter food for the cattle gathered in from their "thousand hills." The town- 
ship is well adapted to general farming and the dairy business, which latter 
interest is rapidly becoming prominent. 

EARLY SETTLEMENT. 

The first permanent settler was James Spencer, who located in the north 
part of the township in the spring of 1840. It was the general intention to 
name the township in his honor, but at the organization in 1856, " Wayne " 
was chosen in memory of a county in Ohio. 

J. McLaughlin is said to have built a cabin and dug a well on land now owned 
by Hon. G. W, Lowell, as early as 1838, and possibly a few others may have 
founded claims before J. Spencer, but they remained only a short time, and 
he was the earliest settler still residing in the township at date of its organiza- 
tion. His widow lives in Monticello Avith her son-in-law, Joseph Clark. The 
growth of the township was not rapid until after 1850. During the decade 
prior to 1800, the population increased a hundred-fold. Notwithstanding its 
natural advantages, it was among the last to be settled, and was the latest organ- 
ized in the county. 

' ORGANIZATION. 

This township, previously nameless, was organized on the 7th of April, 
1856, at the house of 0. G. Scrivens, by the electors of said township, who 
were convened by call of Joseph Gaut, who had been appointed for that purpose 
on the 15th of March preceding, by G. C. Mudgett, the County Judge. 

The Judges of election were Jacob Zigler, T. Hartman and Henry Simmons. 
The Clerks of said election were B. F. Gant and John Clark. The first township 
oflficers elected were : Justices of the Peace, David M. Cook and Alpheus Johnson ; 
Constables, William Nelson and R. Batchelder ; Assessor, John Clark ; ToAvn 
Clerk, Joseph Gaut ; Trustees, 0. M. Gaut, J. Goodin, T. Hartman ; Road 
Supervisor, 0. G. Scrivens. 

Twenty-three votes were cast at said election. The following list includes 
a majority of all the early settlers, and their nativity, who located in Wayne 
Township at any time prior to its organization in 1856 : E. Ackerman, New 
York; I. Ackerman, New York; W. Armatige, Pennsylvania; Robert Barn- 
hill, Indiana; George Brown, Indiana; John Batchelder, New Hampshire ; Steven 
Batchelder. New Hampshire; N. Batchelder, New Hampshire; Romance Batch- 
elder, New Hampshire; B. Batchelder, New Hampshire; A. Batchelder, New 
Hampshire; N. Bigley, Pennsylvania ; Warren Burrough, N.Y. ; Martin Barts, 
Pennsylvania; John Clark, Pennsylvania; J. C Clark, Penns3dvania ; David 
Cook, Pennsylvania ; Roswell Crane, New Y'ork : Joseph Dawson, Pennsylvania ; 

Z. Dunning,'New York; M. Davis, ; C. S. Gilkey, Michigan; 0. M. Gaut, 

Pennsylvania; Joseph Gaut, Pennsylvania ; Benjamin Gaut, Pennsylvania; A. 
Hiraebaugh, Illinois; L. Hitchcock, Pennsylvania; Stephen Hester, Indiana ; 






HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 545 

George Hall, New Hampshire ; T. Hartman, Pennsylvania ; William Jorden, 

; Alpheus Johnson, New York ; George W. Lovell, Michigan ; Daniel 

Loper, Pennsylvania; J. McDonald, Canada; G. C. Mudgett, Indiana; 
James Milne, New York; John McBride, Pennsylvania ; W. H. Perine, Ohio; 
David Reed, Pennsylvania; Robert Reed, Pennsylvania; James Spencer, 
Pennsylvania; Thomas Schoonover, Indiana; G. Schoonover, Indiana; L. 
Schoonover, Illinois ; H. Simmons, Illinois ; 0. G. Scrivers, Indiana ; James 
Stacy, New Y'^ork ; E. Stroman, Pennsylvania ; William Sanford, Ohio ; A. 
Sanford, Ohio ; W. P. Sanford, Ohio ; C. Taylor, New Hampshire; D. Tucker, 
New Hampshire ; M. Tippen, Ohio ; S. Wooster, New Hampshire; E. Wooster, 
New Hampshire; Jacob Zigler, Pennsylvania. 

In the newly organized township, the first school was taught by Miss Nellie 
McConnon, in the house of Roswell Crane at Langworthy, but Miss Martha 
Crane, and doubtless others, had taught school in the unnamed and unorganized 
township. Miss McConnon afterward mai'ried W. H. Proctor, a merchant in 
Monticello, and has since died. 

COUNTY FARM, 

The State of Iowa, through C. P. Hutton and T. S. Dawson, Commission- 
ers of Jones County, donated to Jones County the northeast quarter of Section 
36, in Wayne Township, on the 20th of June, 1840. This, with subsequent 
additions and modifications, constitutes the " County Poor Farm." It now 
contains about 200 acres, and the county has occupied and improved it since 
about 1860. The first Steward was 0. B. Doyle. It has been for ten years 
in charge of John Platner and wife, who are regarded as thoroughly compe- 
tent. General farming is practiced. The beneficiaries of the institution average 
fully twenty in constant attendance, and comprise nearly all nationalities and 
all colors, and all ages, from the nursling to the veteran of nearly ninety 
Avinters. The county is burdened with several who are incurably insane. 
While the policy of the county is to decline furnishing a comfortable i^etreat for 
all the lazy, able-bodied, willingly dependent applicants for its charities, never- 
theless, the treatment of all its unfortunates is considerate and humane. 

VILLAGES. • 

Langworthy, now a station on the Southwestern Branch of the Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad,, was laid out by Col. W. T. Shaw January 2, 
1858. It is situated in the northwestern part of the township, and contains 
about one hundred and twenty-five souls. It has one general store, one cream- 
ery, one idle cheese-factory, one blacksmith-shop, one shoemaker's shop, a post 
oflRce, a depot, a church, express office, and no saloon, A. H. Hall is the 
merchant, and is doing an average annual business of $12,000. He is also 
the acceptable servant of the people and the United States Government as Post- 
master. The obliging station agent, J, A. Rollins, informs us that the total 
amount of freight and passenger business is annually about $1,700, which 
includes the transportation of seventy-five tons of butter and twenty-five car- 
loads of live-stock. The " Crescent Creamery," described elsewhere, is the 
chief enterprise of the place. 

Amher. — This enterprising little village is in the southern central part of 
Wayne, and has grown up since the autumn of 1874, when the Midland depot 
was there located. It now has one general store, kept by Mrs. C. E. S mford 



546 HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 

& Son, one wagon-shop, by J. P. Hollenback, one blacksmith-shop, by W. H. 
Green, one carpenter-shop, one paint-shop, two warehouses, a depot, express office 
and post office ; there is also a lumber-yard and an office for the sale of agricultural 
implements. J. C. Ramsey, the station agent, buys annually 30,000 bushels of 
grain, and Hartman & Sanford have shipped 15,000 bushels this year. Forty- 
five car loads of live stock are shipped annually ; 950,000 feet of lumber are 
sold, and ^700 received for the sale of tickets. The founders of Amber were 
the Hartmans, the Sanfords and J. C. Ramsey, and they are still prominent in 
business. T. Hartman, a pioneer,- is the original Postmaster. The post office 
was established in 1873, with the name of Blue Cut, which was, on the 1st of 
July, 1878, changed to Amber. 

CREAMERIES. 

On the eastern central part of Wayne is the noted Diamond Creamery of 
H. D. Sherman & Co., proprietors. Howard Putnam, Superintendent. 

It was opened in the spring of 1878, and the average amount of milk 
used per month the first season was 10,000 pounds. Average per month in 
1879, 14,000 pounds. 

This creamery uses the Orange County deep-setting pans, the square 
revolving churn and the Walker Patent Butter- Worker. The milk is entirely 
supplied from Wayne Township, and twenty-seven pounds are used in the 
manufacture of a pound of butter. This creamery received the first premium 
for Iowa butter and the sweepstakes at the International Exhibition in New 
York in 1878. 

The Crescent Creamery, C. E. Marvin, Proprietor and Superintendent, is 
located at Langworthy station, and is ample in all its appointments. This was 
erected early in 1879, and is receiving a monthly average of 265,000 pounds of 
milk from the dairies in Wayne Township, and the monthly product of butter 
is nearly 12,000 pounds, and pays to farmers about $25,000 per year. Some 
small dairies average forty pounds per day for each cow for nine months. An 
artesian well supplies the creamery with constant and pure water. Philadel- 
phia and New York monopolize the " Crescent " and " Diamond " products. 

Near Langworthy, also, is the neat little creamery owned by Minor Davis, 
which receives an average of 2,000 pounds per day during the season. 

All of these creameries are recently established, and the farmers of Wayne 
are thus given a home market for $50,000 worth of the most profitable farm 
product. 

CHURCHES. " 

The oldest church in Wayne is that of the United Presbyterians, on the 
eastern border, near Scotch Grove, which is the nearest post office. It was 
organized on the 12th of May, 1856, with twelve members. One hundred and 
eighty-six persons have been members of this Church, The first Pastor was 
the Rev. A. J. Allen, and the present Pastor, the Rev. W. D. Ralston, has been 
in charge since 1864. The present Elders are Matthew Nelson, Robert 
Heasty, J. L. Acheson, James Milne and George L. Himebaugh. The church 
and parsonage are valued at $3,000. The present church edifice was erected 
in 1865, and, from the shape of its spire is locally known as " The four-horned 
church." Many of its members reside in Scotch Grove. 

The Langworthy Circuit of the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized 
in October, 1859, by the Rev. Bishop Isabel, and has enjoyed a continuous 
itinerant pastorate. The preacher in charge is the Rev. R. Ricker. The 



HISTORY OF JONES COUNTY. 547 

present edifice, named the " Springer Memorial," was built in 1872. The first 
Trustees were P. G. Bonewitz, Minor Davis, Michael Tippin, H. Albertson, 
J. F. Wilkins, Z. Dunning and F. J. Fish. 

The Burr Oak M. E. Church, a charge on the Langworthy Circuit, also 
erected a new church in the autumn of 1872, the Rev. J. M. Hedge being 
Pastor. The first Trustees were Daniel Loper, Ephraim Stroman, George 
Soper, Jacob Fryberger and Jacob Rhue. 

There are three German Churches, the oldest of which is the German Evan- 
gelican Lutheran St. John's congregation, (of Unaltered Augsburg Confession). 
This society was organized in 1861, the first minister being R. Oswald. Their 
new church was built in 1877. 

Ths Evangelical Lutheran Zion's congregation built a church in 1874, and 
their first Minister was J. J. Oetjen. 

The United German Lutheran Reformed Church was organized in 1876, 
and their first minister was George Rettig. This society holds no service at 
the present date. 

Town Officers. — The following is a list of town officers elected October 14, 
1879 : Town Clerk, P. M. Himebaugh ; Trustee, Noah Bigley : Assessor, J. 

C. Lawrence ; Collector, A. H. Hall ; Constable, Orange Lawrence. 

Road Supervisors. — District No. 1, T. Tobiasen ; No. 2, J. C. Lawrence ; 
No. 3, H. Adams ; No. 4, W. B. Allen ; No. 5, G. L. Himebaugh ; No. 6, 
George Schoonover ; No. 7, Henry Hoyen ; No. 8, T. Borderker ; No. 9, J. 

D. Priest; No. 10, Horace Soper; No. 11, Peter Hartman ; No. 12, Henry 
Hartman ; No. 13, H. J. Jacobs ; No. 14, H. Harms ; No. 15, Noah Bigley ; 
No. 16,' E. Stroman. 

The township is traversed by three railroads, two of which are controlled 
by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, and the other is the Midland Branch 
of the Chicago & North-Western. Most of the residents of Wayne own the 
farms they cultivate. The majority are Americans, but a large percentage in 
the north and east are German and others, foreign-born. The population, in 
1875, was 1,135. Two hundred and three votes were cast at the election in 
October, 1879, but the number of male adults exceeds that number, since many 
foreigners do not care to assume the duties of citizenship, although this class, 
together with all others, unite to form one industrious, thrifty and moral com- 
munity. 







Gf^ 







r^; 





I 



BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY. 



^BBREVIv^TIOlSrS. 



Co company or county 

dlr .dealer 

I. v. A Iowa Volunteer Artillery 

I. V. C Iowa Volunteer Cavalry 



I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

P. Post Office 

S. or Sec Section 

St street 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 



li. J. A DAIR, physician and surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of Akron, Sum- 
mit Co., Ohio, and was born Nov. 28, 18-10; he grew up and received his education 
there and commenced reading' medicine ; when the war broke out, he enlisted in the 
three month's service, in Co. K., 19th Ohio V. I.; after his time expired, he re enlisted 
in Co. H, 104th Ohio V. I.; he served as Orderly Sergeant for eighteen months, and, 
for six months, was in command of the company; among the battles he was in, were 
battles of Nashville, Franklin, through the Atlanta campaign, and man yothers, some 
twenty-four battles in all being on their battle-flag; he was wounded at Pine Mountain 
and at Etowah River; their brigade received the arms of Gen. Johnston when he sur- 
rendered ; *Ke was mustered out June 28, 1865 ; after his return from the service, he 
resumed the study of medicine, and graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 
1868; he came to Iowa and located at Anamosa in 1870, and, since then, he has prac- 
ticed his profession here. Dr. Adair was united in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Porter, 
from Hartford, Conn., Oct. 19, 1871; they have had three sons, two of whom were 
taken away by scarlet fever ; Fred is their only son. 

WILrlilAM ALiSPAUGH, dealer in butter and eggs, Anamosa; is a 
native of Morrow Co., Ohio, and was born June 9, IS-tl ; when 13 years of age, his 
parents moved to Iowa and located in Jones Co. in 1854 ; he grew up to manhood and 
received his education here ; during the war, he enlisted in Co. K, 6th I. V.C.; the 
regiment went to St. Louis, and was then ordered North and West in the Indian serv- 
ice ; he was slightly wounded by an arrow ; he was in the service over three years ; 
in 1874, he engaged in his present business, and has built up a large trade; he 
ships mostly to Eastern markets, Chicago, New York and Boston. He has held the 
office of Township Collector. He married Masgie Conway, from Pennsylvania, May 
27, 1866. 

A. S. ATKINSON, blacksmith, Anamosa ; is a native of Somerset Co., N. 
J>, and was born June 30, 1833; his parents removed to Ohio in 1835, and located 
n6ar Cincinnati, and he grew up to manhood and learned his trade there ; he came to 
Iowa in June, 1853, and located in Dubuque, and lived in that county until 1866, when 
he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa ; since then, has been engaged in busi- 
ness here. He married Miss Hannah Greene, a native of Maryland, Sept. 20, 1854 ; 
they have six children — Alice, Emma, Corda, Jessie, Elva and Elbert. 

P. O. BABCOCK, Sheriff of Jones Co., Anamosa; is a native of Che- 
nango Co., N. Y., and was born May 1, 1835 ; he grew up to manhood in that State, 
and learned the trade of blacksmith in Cortland Co.; in 1856, he came to Iowa and 
located in Bradford, Chickasaw Co., and, in 1856, he came to Jones Co. and located at 
Castle Grove; in 1859, he removed to Monticello and engaged in blacksmithing. He 



550 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

was elected SherifiF of Jones Co. in the fall of 1876, and was re-elected in 1878 ; he 
held the office of Town Collector when the railroad tax was collected, and he furnished a 
bond for $60,000. While livino; in Chickasaw Co. he was united in marriage, Jan. 11, 
1858, to Miss Lydia A. Farnham, a native of Cayuga Co., N. Y.; she came to Iowa in 
1857 ; they have three daughters — Minnie E., Jennie A. and Floy ; they have lost two 
little boys. 

IRA BATES, M. D., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Viroqua ; born Jan. 30, 1822, in Mont- 
gomery Co., Penn.; in 1848, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; he commenced the study of 
medicine in 1844, with Dr. William Darrach, of Philadelphia; graduated in March, 
1848. in the Medical Department of the Pennsylvania College, at Philadelphia ; he has 
been in constant practice since then ; he owns 380 acres of land. Married Elizabeth 
Spear in 1850; she was born in 1831, in Morrow Co., Ohio, died in 1859; had one 
child — Adelaide, (now Mrs. Shoop) ; second marriage to Emily F. Spear in 1861 ; she 
was born in 1837, in Morrow Co., Ohio, died in 1865; had two children — Gertrude 
and Jane ; third marriage to Miss Mary Ganser in 1874 ; she was born in 1838, in 
Licking Co., Penn ; has two children — Gyda and Edward. Democrat. 

F. M. BEI^KIVAP, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Dec. 11, 1834, 
in Harrison Co., Ohio; in 1850, came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns 210 acres land which 
was improved by his father. He married Miss R. M. Stephenson in 1857 ; she was 
born in Stark Co., Ohio; have five children — C. H., T. M., John S., E. J. and Mary E.; 
second marriage to Miss E. J. Waggoner in 1870 ; she was born in Hardin Co., Ohio; 
have four children — George, Luella M., Fred and Rosa B. 

J. S. BEIiKIVAP, harness-maker and dealer in harness and saddlery hard- 
ware, Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of Tuscarawas Co., Ohio, and was born July 
4, 1828 ; he grew up to manhood and learned his trade in that State ; he started West 
with his father's family ; they came by wagon to Iowa, and located in Jones Co. in 
March, 1850 ; he began working at his trade and opened the first harness shop in Ana- 
mosa ; he used to haul his stock by wagon from Dubuque and Muscatine ; he has been 
engaged in the business for twenty-nine years, a longer time than any other harness 
maker or dealer in Jones Co.; he also carried on wagon-making and livery business for 
some years in connection with his trade ; he does a leading trade. He has held town 
offices. On the 1st of January, 1855, he was united in marriage to Miss 0. E. Gates, 
from Cortland Co., N. Y. 

THOMAS M. BELKXAP, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in 
Harrison Co., Ohio, June 15, 1839; his parents came to Iowa when he was 11 years 
of age; located in Jones Co. in 1850; he grew up to manhood here and engaged in 
farming; during the rebellion, he enlisted in August, 1862, in Co. E, 31st I. V. I.; 
he was Sergeant of his company and served in the 15th Army Corps, under John A. 
Logan ; he was in a great number of battles and skirmishes, and was wounded at 
Dallas, Ga.; he was in the service three years ; returned and engaged in farming and 
owns 120 acres of land. In 1862, he married Miss Almira Spaulding, from Jackson 
Co., Iowa; she died Dec. 1, 1877; they had five children, four of whom are living — 
Marion, Josie, Blanche and Burley. Mr. Belknap married Miss Mattie Morehouse, a 
native of Kentucky, Oct. 31. 1878 ; they have one infant daughter, not named. 

JONATHAN BICKEL, retired farmer, Anamosa ; is a native of Berks 
Co., Penn., and was born July 3, 1824; he grew up to manhood there, and went to 
Michigan and lived two years ; then removed to Ohio. In 1846, he was united in 
marriage to Miss Catharine Brunner, the daughter of John G. Brunner, a prominent 
man in Fairfield Co., Ohio; they lived in Ohio until 1859, then came to Iowa and 
located in Linn Co. and engaged in farming; Mrs. Bickel died April 20, 1870; they 
had seven children, only two of whom survive — Isaac J. and Eli F., both living in 
Linn Co. After the death of his wife, Mr. Bickel sold his farm, and, in the spring of 
1879, came to Anamosa. When he began life he had nothing. He still owns a farm 
in Linn Co. and has money out at interest. 

E. BOOTH & SON, publishers of the Anamosa Eureka, the oldest paper 
published in Jones Co. 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 551 

E. H. BRANT, carriage and wagon maker, Main st., Anamosa ; is a native of 
Guilford, Chenango Co., N. Y.; he was brought up in Delaware Co. and learned his trade 
there; during the war, he enlisted in Co. C, 144th N. Y. V. I.; in 1867, he came to 
Iowa and located at Anamosa ; after working at his trade some years, engaged in the 
business of wagon and carriage making and repairing for himself, and is building up a 
good trade. He held town oflSces while living in New York State. In 1862, he mar- 
ried Miss Emily Bagley, a native of Broome Co., N. Y.; they have four children — 
Julius, Marquis, Ernest and Lilly. 

C J!I. BROWX, attorney at law, Anamosa ; is a native of Iowa and was 
born in Jackson Co. in 1851 ; his parents removed to Dubuque Co. when he was quite 
young, and lived there until he was 14 years of age, and came to Jones Co. in 1865 ; 
he received a good common-school education and entered Cornell College, at Mt. Ver- 
non, and graduated from that institution in 1875 ; he studied law and graduated from 
the Law Department of the Iowa State University in 1877 ; after graduating, he 
located in Anamosa, and since then has practiced his profession here. He holds the 
the office of City Clerk. He was united in marriage to Miss Kate Stewart, a native 
of Ohio, June 30, 1875; they have one daughter. 

GEORC;^E H. BROWN, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born April 
27, 1811, in Easthampton, Mass.; when a child, he came to New Jersey with his parents ; 
thence to Ohio; in 1828, came to Michigan; in 1837, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; 
he owns 128 acres of land, which he entered. He has held about all the township 
offices. Married Mary Alloway Feb. 22, 1844 ; she was born Dec. 6, 1829, in McLean 
Co., 111.; had seven children, four living — George D., Emerell, James D. and Eva. 
Albert and Eli died in infancy ; Mary died May 27, 1879, aged 31 years 2 months and 
11 days. Democrat. 

liE ANDER li. BURIilNGAME, retired, Anamosa ; was born in Che- 
nango Co., N. Y., Aug. 12, 1815 ; he went to Pennsylvania in 1833, and lived in that 
State until coming to Iowa in 1854, and located in Jones Co. and engaged in farming ; 
in 1864, he went to Tama Co. and remained there four years and returned to this county, 
and since then has resided here. In 1847, he married Miss Ellen Post, from Bradford 
Co., Penn.; they have three children — Alice, Jennie and Orson. Mr. Burlingame is 
an own cousin to the late Hon. Anson Burlingame, Minister to Japan, and was born in 
the same town. 

HENRY BITRRITT, of the firm of Needham & Burritt, livery and 
boarding stable, Anamosa ; is a native of Chittenden Co., Vt., and was born Aug. 27, 
1843 ; he grew up to manhood there and in Illinois, and came to Iowa, and located in 
Anamosa in August, 1866, and engaged in his present business; the firm of Needham 
& Burritt have a large stock of carriages and hoi'ses, and are doing the leading livery 
business in Anamosa. In May, 1870, Mr. Burritt married Miss Maria Cary, from'IUi- 
nois ; she is a native of New York ; they have three children — George, Bessie and 
Nellie. 

MATHEW CHENIRE, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Anamosa; he was born 
in 1843, in Ireland; in 1852, he came to Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; in 1857, to Dubuque, 
Iowa ; in 1863, he went to California, thence to Nevada ; in 1868, he came to Jones 
Co.; owns 300 acres of land. Married Margaret Hier, in February, 1869 ; she was 
born in Ireland ; have five children — Mathew U., Mary J., John F., William P. and 
Ester E. 

EDWARD F, CliARK, proprietor Waverly House, Anamosa; is a 
native of Hampshire Co., Mass., and was born April 4, 1822 ; when 21 years of age, 
he came West to Illinois, and was engaged in the mercantile business and grain business 
in Stephenson and Jo Daviess Cos. until 1867, when he came to Jones Co.; he bought 
a stock of goods and engaged in mercantile business in Anamosa, and continued until 
three years ago ; he owns the Waverly House property, the oldest hotel here. He held 
the office of Postmaster for many years, both in Stephenson and Jo Daviess Cos., 111. 
He married Miss Eliza A. Shaw, from Allegany Co., N. Y., in 1849 ; they have eight 
children — Edwin F., Mary, Eneas L., Leslie, Mittie A„ Theodore, Fred and Carrie. 



552 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

C W. COE, Postmaster, Anamosa ; is a native of New Haven Co., Conn., and 
was born March 8, 1831 ; when 7 years of age, his parents removed to Illinois, and he 
jrrew up to manhood in that State ; he came to Iowa in 1855, and located in Linn Co., 
and remained there twelve years, then came to Jones Co.; in 1869, he was appointed 
Postmaster of Anamosa, and has held that ofl&ce for the past ten years ; he has also held 
town and school offices; during the war, he enlisted in the 20th I. V. I., Co. F ; he 
remained in the service about two years, and was discharged on account of sickness ; 
there were five brothers, all in the army, and all came out safe. In January, 1857, Mr. 
Coe was united in marriage to Miss Phoebe Crawford, a native of Ohio ; they have two 
children — one daughter, Louise, engaged in teaching, and one son, Frank, clerk in the 
post office with his father. 

E. M. COXDIT, General Agent of the Watertown Fire Insurance Co., for 
the Western States; also member of the banking-house of Shaw, Schoonover & Co., 
Shaw's Block, Anamosa; is a native of Delaware Co., Ohio, and was born Jan. 24, 
18-40; his boyhood was spent there, and when 10 years of age, his parents came to 
Iowa and located in Jones Co. in June, 1856 ; in 1859, he returned to Ohio, and 
entered Oberlin College; upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, in April, 1861, he 
relinquished his studies, and, Avith 100 of the students, entered the army, enlisting 
in the 7th Ohio V. I.; he was in the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, and 
several others ; he was wounded in the battle of Fredericksburg ; after recovering 
from his wounds, he entered the service again in the 2d 111. Lt. Art., and held the 
position of Acting Assistant Chief of Artillery, of the 16th Army Corps, a position of 
honor and responsibility ; he remained in the service until after the war closed, when he 
returned to this county. On the 8th of February, 1866, he was united in marriage to 
Miss Eliza Bell, daughter of Hon. James A. Bell, of Ohio. He was appointed General 
Agent of the Watertown Fire Insurance Co. for the State of Iowa, and since then he 
has been appointed General Agent for the Western States, for the same Company ; he 
is also engaged in the banking business, being a member of the firm of Shaw, Schoon- 
over & Co., of Anamosa ; he has held town and school offices. 

JOHN a. CLD WORTH, dealer in stoves and tinware, Anamosa ; is a 
native of Watertown, N. Y., and was born January 16, 1842 ; he grew up to manhood 
and learned his business there; upon the breaking-out of the rebellion in 1861, he 
enlisted in the 35th N. Y. V. I., and was commissioned 2d Lieutenant of Co. C~ 
his term of enlishtment expired and he was mustered out June 10, 1863 ; he received 
authority from Gov. Seymour, and recruited Co. C, of the 20th N. Y. V. C, and 
was commissioned Captain ; he commanded his company fourteen months, when he 
was promoted and commissioned Major of the 20th N. Y. V. C; he had an independ- 
ent command in Virginia for eighteen months ; he was in every battle of his regiment, 
when with it, from the first battle of Bull Ilun to the final surrender at Appomattox 
Court House, in all over thirty general engagements, and in a multitude of fights and 
skirmishes ; he was wounded at the second battle of Bull Run and at Elizabeth City 
and at Currituck Court House, N. C; there were few soldiers in our army during the 
war that saw so much active service ; he was in the army four and a half years, and 
was mustered out at Richmond, Va., and was discharged at Sacket's Harbor Sept. 20, 
1865; he returned to New York, and, in 1869, came to Jones Co., and located at 
Monlicello, and remained two years; went to Chicago after the great tire in 1871, and 
remained until 1874, when he returned to Jones Co. and located at Anamosa, and 
since then has been engaged in business here. He was united in marriage to Miss Alber- 
tine Tice, a native of Ohio, Sept. 13, 1877. 

D. CUXNINGrH AM, agent and dealer in agricultural implements and farm 
machinery, Main street, Anamosa; is a native of Broome Co., N. Y., and was born 
July 12, 1825. He grew up to manhood there, and came to Iowa in October, 1850, 
and engaged in farming. When he came here, the census returns of 1850 showed the 
exact population of Anamosa to number 180 persons. He continued farming for four- 
teen years, and, in 1864. he came in town, and engaged in the agricultural implement 
business with E. B. Halderman, who established the business in 1853 ; they continued 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 553 

together until 1874, when Mr. Halderman retired from the firm, and since then Mr. 
Cunningham has conducted the business. It is the oldest agricultural house in Jones 
Co., and he does the leading trade. He has held the offices of Justice of the Peace, 
Town Clerk, and school offices. He was united in marriage, May 28, 1850, to Miss 
Sarah A. Halderman, from Broome Co., N. Y.; she is a native of Springfield, Mass.; 
they have six children — Sarah L., Emily F., Ellen L. (now Mrs. Ladd, and living in 
the State of Delaware), Jerome D., Hattie and Fred J. 

WILLIAM A. CUXMINOHAM, ice-dealer, Anamosa; is a native of 
Randolph Co., Ind., and was born Feb. 21, 1850. When only 4 years of age, his 
parents came West to Iowa, and located in Jones Co.; they arrived in Anamosa in 1854, 
and he grew up to manhood here. He has been engaged in the ice business since 1868. 
He at first began carrying ice to his customers in a basket, and then in a wheel-barrow. 
He has increased the business until, the present year, he has sold 800 tons, and during 
the coming year, with enlarged faciUties, will put up 1,500 tons. He has held the 
office of Street Commissioner, and is now a member of the City Council. He was 
united in marriage to Miss Helen Sales Feb. 8, 1875 ; she was born June 18, 1855, and 
is a daughter of Dr. James T. Sales, and is a native of Washington Co., Iowa. 

HENRY DEARBORN, proprietor Stone City Quarry, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Stone City. He was born June 14, 1828, in Grafton Co., N. H. ; in 1846, came to 
Massachusetts ; in 1858, he came to Jones Co., Iowa. He also owns 120 acres of land ; 
is Postmaster at Stone. City ; was appointed in 1873. He opened the Anamosa quarry 
in 1859 ; ran it about one year ; in the spring of 1869, he opened his present quarry ; 
has operated it since ; this is one of the largest quarries in the State, giving employment 
to about twenty men daily. He married Martha Franklin in August, 1854 ; she was 
born in Manchester,' England ; have five children — Franklin H., William N., Sarah, 
George and Mary. 

"j. C. DIETZ, attorney at law, of the firm of King & Dictz, Anamosa ; is a 
native of Otsego Co., N. Y., and was born April 23, 1831. He grew up to manhood 
and received his education there, and commenced reading law. He was connected with 
the courts, and held the office of Justice of Sessions for three terms. He came to Iowa 
and located in Anamosa in January, 1862, and entered the office of the Clerk of the 
Courts, and served as Deputy. In the fall of 1866, he was elected Clerk of the Courts, 
and held that office for eight years, and since then he has practiced law here. He has 
held the office of Mayor of Anamosa and City Councilman, and has served as Chairman 
of the Republican County Central Committee for a number of years. He was united 
in marriage to Miss Martha A. Spencer, a native of Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb. 7, 1855 ; 
they have one adopted dauuhter — Martha A. Dietz. 

ROBERT DOTT, Auditor of Jones Co., Anamosa ; is a native of Scotland 
and was born Sept. 9, 1824. He grew up to manhood there, and came to Canada_in 
1844, and remained five years, then came to Illinois. He first came to Iowa in 1854, 
and came to Jones Co. in February, 1856, and located permanently and entered a store. 
After the breaking-out of the war. he enli.sted in Co. H, 14th I. V. I. He was in the 
battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Shiloh, 
and was taken to Montgomery, Ala., and to Macon, Ga., and held over six months. He 
was elected Mayor in 1857, the first Mayor of Anamosa. He has held that office four 
terms. He held the office of Justice of the Peace for twelve years. In the fall of 

1875, he was elected Auditor of Jones Co., and was re-elected in 1877, and is again 
nominated for the same office for a third term. In April, 1857, Mr. Dott was united 
in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Peters, of Fulton Co., N. Y.; they have three children- 
Richard M. (attending school at Ann Arbor), Robert T. and George M. 

R. li. DU ER, Recorder of Jones Co., Anamoia ; is a native of the city of 
Baltimore, and was born Sept. 1, 1843. He grew up and received his education there. 
After reaching manhood, he lived there until 1870, when he came to Iowa and located 
in Jones Co., at Monticello, and engaged in mercantile business with his brother. In 
1874, he was elected Recorder of Jones Co., and was re-elected to the same office in 

1876, and was again re-elected in 1878, and is now serving his third term. He was 



554 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

united in marriage to Miss Lucy R. Smith, from the city of Boston, Jan. 6, 1876 ; they 
have one daughter — Alice L. 

C. DUiGSER, general merchant, corner Main and Grarnavillo streets, Anamosa ; 
was born in Germany March 8, 1844 ; he grew up to manhood there ; he entered a store 
at 14 years of age. In 1867, he emigrated to America, and came to Iowa and located 
in Anamosa the same year, and engaged in the mercantile business ; since then, he has 
continued in the business, and has built up a good trade. In May, 1874, he married 
Miss Matilda E. Ficke, a native of Germany ; she came to America in 1852 ; they have 
two children — Freddie and Betty. 

F. S. DUMONT, farmer. Sec. 29; P. 0. Martelle ; born Sept. 3, 1827, in 
Cayuga Co., N. Y. ; in the fall of 1845, he came to Jones Co. with his parents ; 
owns 200 acres of land. Married Miss D. A. Hakers Sept. 3, 1854 ; she was born in 
New York, and died in Jones Co. ; had three children, two living — John B. and Mary 
E. (now Mrs. Russell). Second marriage to Miss M. J. Porter in February, 1875 ; she 
was born in Indiana. 

A. V. EATON, dental surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of Morris, Lamoille 
Co., Vt., and was born Feb. 27, 1844; when very young, his parents removed to New 
York ; he grew up and attended school there until 15 years of age, and came to Iowa 
in 1859. He studied dentistry ; after completing his studies, in July, 1868, he located 
here in Anamosa, and since then he has practiced his profession here. He holds the 
office of Mayor of Anamosa; elected in March, 1878, and was re-elected in March, 
1879 ; he has also served as member of the City Council and on the School Board. In 
July, 1862, when only 18 years of age, Mr. Eaton enlisted in the 18th J. V. I., Co. H; 
was in the battles of Springfield, Mo., and Prairie de Ann, Ark., and in numerous fights 
and skirmishes ; he was in the service over three years. He was united in marriage to 
Miss Ida M. Simmons, a native of Waterford, Wis., Jan. 14, 1868; they have four 
children — Cora M., Jessie M., Marion and Francis Caddie. 

DAVID ElililS, General Agent of the Iowa State Insurance Company of 
Keokuk, Anamosa; is a native of Jefierson Co., N. Y. ; his parents came to Iowa and 
located in Jones Co. in 1855 ; his father, Benjamin Ellis, died July 17, 1878, and was 
84 years of age ; he was a soldier in the war of 1812 ; his wife died March 24, 1860. 
David lived on a farm until 1871, when his house was destroyed by fire; he removed to 
Anamosa, and was appointed General Agent of the Iowa State Insurance Company of 
Keokuk. He owns a farm of 125 acres. In 1861, he was united in marriage to 
Miss Mary Ann Joslin, daughter of Dr. Clark Joslin, one of the oldest settlers of 
Jones County. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis have three children — Charles C, Edwin B. and 
Emma E. 

Ij. llSf, E JLIilS, General Agent of the Champion Mowing and Reaping Machines, 
Anamosa; is a native of Indiana, and was born Aug. 23, 1840. At an early age, he 
came to Illinois with his father, and grew up to manhood there. In 1859, he came to 
Iowa and located in Jones Co., and engaged in milling for ten years. In 1874, he 
became connected with the extensive agricultural house of Warder, Mitchell & Co., and 
is now their general agent for twelve of the best counties in the State, with his head- 
quarters at Anamosa. During the war, he enlisted in the 1st I. V. C, and also in 
the 2d I. V. C, but was not accepted on account of his health ; he owns a farm just 
outside the corporation limits. He married Miss Hilda Dimmitt, a native of Ohio, 
Sept. 4, 1866 ; they have five children — Albert, Fred, Clara, Joel and Wallace. He 
has two children — Edith Iowa and George C. — by a former wife. 

THOMAS R. ERCANBRACK, attorney and counsellor at law, Ana- 
mosa ; is a native of Fulton Co., N. Y., and was born Aug. 19, 1835 ; when 9 years 
of age, his parents removed to Byron, Ogle Co., 111. ; he attended the common school 
there, then went East, and completed his education in Connecticut, and graduated in 
1858 ; after graduating, he engaged in teaching; he taught for nine years, then came 
to Iowa and read law, and entered the Law School of the Iowa State University, and 
graduated in 1867. In January, 1868, he came to Anamosa, and since then he haa 
practiced his profession here. He held the office of Superintendent of Schools of 





/^ 



c 



'hFJJSiU i SmUSScLriUu Si.VY 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 557 

McHenry Co., 111. He was united in marriage to Miss Hattie A. Boyce, a native of 
Canada, Dec. 27, 1868. 

GrEORdrE p. FIFIEIjD, farmer, Anamosa ; is a native of New Hamp- 
shire, and was born in Grafton Co. April 4, 1826 ; he grew up to manhood and learned 
the trade of blacksmitli in that State. In May, 18-48, he was united in marriage to 
Miss Sallie A. Franklin, a native of Manchester, England ; she came to America in 
December, 1846. They came West to Iowa in 1857, and located in Jones Co., and he 
engaged in blacksmithing. He has worked at the trade over thirty years. He has held 
school offices ; he is engaged in farming, and owns seventy-one acres of land. His home 
is finely located in the suburbs of the city ; they have three children — Lillie, George H. 
and Mattie A., and have lost three children — James H., W. Aurelius and John F. 

FRAXK FISHER, Anamosa ; is a native of the north part of Bohemia, 
and was born Nov. 8, 1838; he emigrated to America in 1854, and came to Maquo- 
keta, Iowa ; he learned the trade of harness-maker ; in 1869, he came to Jones Co. 
and located in Anamosa; when the war broke out, in the fall of 1861, he enlisted in 
Co. H, 13th I. V. I. ; he was in the battles of Shiloh and Corinth, siege of Vicksburg 
and other fights and skirmishes ; he remained in the service two years and four months, 
and was discharged on account of ill health ; after his return, he engaged in business 
and carried on h-iruass-making until two years ago; in 1872, he built the store be now 
occupies on Main street. He married Mary Wanicek, from the north part of Bohe- 
mia, Nov. 22, 1865 ; they grew up together and came to this country at the same time ; 
they have four children — Lewis J., Clarence V., Flora May, Johnnie. 

•lOHlV FOXAIili, of the firm of Foxall & Barnes, undertaking, wood-turn- 
and repairing. Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of England, and was born June 
11, 1827 ; he grew up to manhood and learned his business there; he came to America 
in 1850, and lived in Galena, 111., five j'ears ; came to Iowa in 1855, and lived in 
Dubuque and in Clayton Co. ; he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa in 1859, 
and since then he has been engaged in his present business. He married Miss Martha 
Howell, a native of England, in 1849 ; she died in January, 1869, leaving two daugh- 
ters — Clara and Eva. Clara married J. S. Barnes Jan. 1, 1873 ; he was born in Rock- 
land Co., N. Y., March 4, 1850 ; he grew up to manhood there, and came to Iowa and 
located here, in Anamosa, in 1870, and is associated in business with Mr. Foxall. Mr. 
and Mrs. Barnes have two children — George E. and John H. 

E. W. <jrA WliE Y, physician and surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of Ireland ; 
he grew up and received his education there and commenced the study of medicine ; 
he came to this country and completed his medical education, and graduated in 1875 ; 
he practiced medicine in Detroit until he came to Iowa and located in Anamosa, and 
since then he has practiced his profession here. 

O. E. GIIiljEX, proprietor Gillen House, Anamosa ; is a native of New 
York City, and was born Sept. 22, 1830 ; he grew up to manhood there, and came West 
to Iowa in 1855 ; upon the breaking-out of the rebellion in 1861, he enlisted in the 
5th I. V. C, Co. I; he served as Commissary Sergeant of the regiment; he remained 
in the service three years, and returned to Iowa and opened the City Hotel at Mechan- 
icsville, and remained there five years; in July, 1873, he engaged in the hotel business 
at Monticello, and remained there until January, 1876, when he came to Anamosa, 
and, in February, 1877, he opened the Gillen House. In February, 1864, he married 
Miss Margaret R. Milligan, from Cedar Co., Iowa; she was a native of Penn.sylvania ; 
they have four children — Jennie B., John B., Maggie A., Addie ; they have lost three 
children. 

F. W. GIIiliETT, retired, Anamosa ; is a native of Hartford Co., Conn., 
and was born March 19, 1814 ; he was brought up in th it State and Massachusetts, 
and came West to Iowa in 1842, and located in Muscatine; in 1845, he came to Tip- 
ton, Cedar Co., and, in August, 1847, he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa, 
and engaged in the mercantile business ; he built the store now occupied by Dr. Joslin 
in 1850 ; it was opposite the old Court House, and was the first building covered with 
pine siding built here ; he did a large business, and he had customers who used to 

N 



558 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

come twenty and twenty-five miles to trade with him. Mr. Gillett is the oldest mer- 
chant in Jones Co. ; he has frequently seen deer between his old store and the old 
Court House ; he has never desired or had a taste for official life, and has steadily 
refused office ; he retired from active business a few years ago. He was united in mar- 
riage to Miss Louise Osborne, a native of Otis, Mass., March 31, 18-10 ; they have one 
gon — Frank M., engaged in business in Cedar Rapids, and lost one son — Ealph, in 
infancy. 

I>AVID GRAHAM, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. O. Anamosa ; is a native of Vir- 
ginia, and was born in Nicholas Co. April 17, 181-1 ; he grew up there and learned the 
cooper's trade; in 1833, he came to Morgan Co., Ohio; he came to Iowa in April, 1844, 
and located in Jones Co., on Bowen's Prairie; there were only two houses in Monticello 
at that time ; he entered land and made a farm and engaged in farming and carried on 
the cooper's trade ; he has seen dressed pork sell for $1 per hundred ; he was one of the 
earliest settlers in this country; in 1856, he came to Anamosa and helped to build the 
mills at the river ; in the spring of 1861, he moved where he now lives, just outside of 
the city limits, one of the most pleasant locations, and owns a farm of forty acres. 
Mr. Graham is a natural mechanic, and has made several useful and practical inventions ; 
he has held the offices of County Supervisor and City Councilman. In 1835, he mar- 
ried Frances Kinzel, from Ohio ; she died in January, 1853, leaving seven children, 
five of whom are living — Ellen, Caroline, Johnson, John and Samantha. On the 21st 
of December, 1854, he married Rachel Bates, from Montgomery Co., N. Y. ; she came 
to Iowa in 1853. Mr. Graham had two sons in the army ; William J. was in Co. B, 
9th I. V. I. ; he was wounded in the battle of Lookout Mountain. John was in Co. 
E, 31st I V I. ; he was also wounded in the army. 

(jr. B. GRAVES, billiard saloon, Anamosa; was born in Allegany Co., N. Y., 
Sept. 11, 1843 ; when he was 13 years of age, his parents came to Iowa, in 1856 ; he 
grew up to manhood in this county, and has lived most of the time in Anamosa ; in 
1864, he married Miss Rebecca Groves, a native of Linn Co., Iowa ; they have one 
son — William 0. 

JOHN A. GREEN, proprietor Champion Quarry, Sec. 6 ; P. O. Stone City; 
born Dec. 13, 1843, in Ireland; August, 1852, he' came to Massachusetts; in 1865, 
to Illinois and, in 1868, to his present locality ; he also owns ninety acres of land ; he 
opened this quarry in 1868, and has had it in operation since ; he employs about sixty- 
five men during the season. Married Ellen Kane in February, 1875 ; she was born in 
New Jersey ; came to Joliet, 111., with her parents, when about 1 year old ; they have 
three children — Mary, Anna and Joseph. 

JAMES H ALiE, farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born April 4, 1827, in 
Delaware Co., N. Y. ; in 1837, he cam3 with his parents to Illinois ; in 1838, came to 
Linn Co. ; in 1876, he removed to his present form ; he owns 140 acres of land. Mar- 
ried Lovina Young in 1862 ; she was born in Illinois in 1847 ; they have two children 
— Don R. and Louis A. Republican. 

EDWIN HARVEY, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. O. Anamosa; was born in Cort- 
land Co., N. Y., Aug. 26, 1833 ; when he was 13 years of age, his parents emigrated 
to Iowa, and they came by wagon ; they started May 7, and arrived in Jones Co. June 
14, 1847, and located on the place where they now live ; they were among the earliest 
settlers here. After reaching manhood, he married Miss Marion Haymaker, a native of 
Ohio, Sept. 29, 1856. Mr. Harvey is engaged in farming, and owns a good farm of 
120 acres of the old home place just outside of the city limits. They have had seven 
children, only one son of whom survives — John I., born Feb. 14, 1864. Mr. Harvey's 
father died March 29, 1864 ; his mother is still living in Anamosa ; she was born Nov. 
9, 1797, and is now 82 years of age, and is very active and well preserved. 

E. II. HARVEY, contractor and builder, Anamosa ; is a native of Onon- 
daga Co., N. Y., and was born Sept. 24, 1835 ; he grew up to manhood in that State, 
and served an apprenticeship of three years, and learned the trade of carpenter and 
joiner; on the 9t'h of January, 1858, he was united in marriage to Miss Lucy Clark, 
from the city of Syracuse, N. Y. ; they came to Iowa, and located at Anamosa in 



FAIR VIEW TOWNSHIP. 559 

March of the same year, 1858, and since then he has been engao;ed in contractin"- and 
building. He has erected many of the best business blocks and residences in Anamosa, 
and has taken a leading position as a builder ; he has held the office of Township 
Trustee for many years, and also City Alderman. He is a member of the Order of 
Odd Fellows, joined Anamosa Lodge, No. 40, in I860; he served as Deputy Grand 
Master two terms ; he has served as Representative to the tjrand Lodge, and is elected 
to serve at the next session ; he is also a member of McDaniel Encampment, and has 
served as District Deputy Grand Patriarch, and is also a member of the Grand Encamp- 
ment of the State. Mr. and Mrs. Harvey have three children — Hattie, Charlie. 
Jennie ; they have lost one son, James E. 

MARTIX HEI^lE Y, proprietor of stone quarries, Anamosa ; is a native of 
Pennsylvania, and was born Feb. 24, 1817 ; he grew up to manhood in Union Co., and 
learned the milling business ; he emigrated from Perry Co., Penn., and came to Iowa ; 
arrived in Burlington May 3, 1846, when Iowa was yet a Territory ; he was engaged 
in the milUng business for many years. In 1861, he was elected Sheriff of Des Moines 
Co., and was re-elected in 1863, and held the office until Jan. 1, 1866 ; he was elected 
Warden of the State Penitentiary at Fort Madison by the General Assembly, and held 
that office from April 1, 1866, until April 1, 1872; he was elected one of the Com- 
missioners to locate the Additional Penitentiary at Anamosa, and removed here in Mav, 
1872 ; he afterward received the appointment of Warden, and served until April, 1876, 
since then he has been operating stone quarries. Mr. Heisey has been married three 
times ; his first wife was Elizabeth Jacobs, of Pennsylvania ; married in 1837; she died 
in December, 1854, leaving three children, only two of whom survive — John W. and 
Mary E. His second wife wuj; Susan Messick, of Ohio; she died Jan. 1, 1866, leav- 
ing one son, Martin E. He married his present wife, Anna Hull, a native of England, 
in 1867 ; they have two children — Grace Darliug and Vallie M. 

AUGUSTrS HEITCHEN, dealer in hardware and house-furnishing 
goods. Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of Breslau, Prussia, Germany, and was born 
Oct. 24, 1829; he grew up to manhood, and learned his business there; he emigrated 
to America in 1853, and came to Iowa the following year, and located in Anamosa in 
1854. He worked at his trade for two years, and, in the fall of 1856, he engaged in 
hardware, tinware and house-furnishing goods, and has continued in the business since 
then, over twenty-three years, and has the oldest hardware business in Jones Co. He 
was with the army over two years, during the war, but carried on his business during 
that time. He has held the office of City Councilman, and has served on the School 
Board. He is connected with the Fraternity of Odd Fellows, and is Treasurer of 
Anamosa Lodge, No. 40, the oldest Lodge in the county. He is also a member of the 
A. 0. U. W. He was united in marriage to Miss Margaret May, a native of Balti- 
more, April 28, 1857 ; they have two children — Charles and Stella ; they have lost 
one daughter, Marietta; she died March 25, 1879. 

EI>WARD C. HOIiT, contractor and builder, Anamosa ; is a native of 
Ireland, and was born Jan. 8, 1832 ; when only 3 years of age, his parents came to St. 
John, New Brunswick ; he grew up to manhood there and served an apprenticeship, and 
learned the trade of stonemason with Otis Small, of Bangor, Me.; in 1857, came to 
Iowa, and, on the 30th of May, arrived inAnamosa, which was then only a small place ; 
he began working at his trade, and afterward engaged in contracting and building;, 
he has erected many of the best buildings here; in 1867, he built the brick block and 
Opera House on the corner of Main and Garnavillo streets, which he still owns, with 
other city property. He has held town and school offices, and is now serving as Chair- 
man of the Democratic Central Committee. In August, 1861, he was united in mar- 
riage to Miss Mary A. T. Sales, daughter of Dr. Sales, one of the early settlers of Iowa. 
Mr. and Mrs. Holt have six children — Tirzah C, Josephine A., Harry J., Eddie S., 
Clara and Nellie. 

J. HOLT, contractor and builder, Anamosa ; is a native of Ireland ; when 9 
years of age, he came to Canada, and was brought up and learned his trade there ; he 
came to Iowa in 1858, and located in Anamosa, and since then has been engaged in 



560 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

building and contracting. He married Maggie Dellahunt, from Galena, Jo Daviess Co., 
111. They attend the Catholic Church. 

MRS. IVANCY HUCrGIXS (-whose maiden name was Nancy Brundage), 
is a native of Saratoga Co., N. Y., and was born only three miles from Saratoga 
Springs Nov. 14, 1797 ; she grew up to womanhood in that State, and, in 1830, she was 
united in marriage to Amasa Harvey, a native of Connecticut ; in May, 18-17, they started 
West, coming by wagon, and wei'e about five weeks on the way ; one of her daughters 
was sick, and her child broke its leg on the way, and Mrs. Huggins had her hands full 
day and night in taking care of them at such a great disadvantage while traveling; they 
arrived here in June, and went into a log shanty covered with bark, prepared for them by 
Dr. Matson ; when it rained hard, the water came through the roof of their cabin, and 
they were obliged to hoist their umbrellas until the rain was over ; it is mo/e amusing now 
to hear Mrs. Huggins speak of their early trials than it was then to go through them; they 
bought land of a squatter, the place where her son Edwin now lives, and began making 
a farm ; when they came West, they could not bring all their things in the wagons, and 
shipped the best of them, and did not get them for nine months, and had to go with an 
ox team to Chicago after them. Mr. Harvey was successfully engaged in farming until 
his death, which occurred March 28, 1865 ; he left quite a large estate. They had six 
children, four of whom are living — Sarah Jane (now Mrs. Mead), Lydia P. (now Mrs. 
Graham), Edwin (living on the home place), Lucetta (now Mrs. Stephens), all living in 
this county except Mrs. Graham, who lives in Woodbury Co. ; their son, Ira E., was in 
the army, and was killed in the last battle of the war. On the 15th of August, 1876, 
Mrs. Harvey was united in marriage to her present husband, William Huggins ; he was 
born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 7, 1790 ; in the war of 1812, he was drafted, but was 
away only a short time; was discharged Oct. 80, 1814. On the lOth of March, 1814, 
he married Miss Alice Ransford, a native of Berkshire Co.. Mass. ; they came to Iowa 
in 1864; after living together sixty-one years, his wife died Feb. 26, 1875, leaving eight 
children, one living here, two in New York State, and five living in Oregon. There are 
very few persons of the age of Mr. and Mrs. Huggins who are as active and as well pre- 
served and enjoy life as they are doing. Mrs. Huggins is one of the lawful heirs to the 
Trinitv Church property. New York City. 

WIIiLIA:!! O. JACKKLi.S, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. O. Anamosa ; born 
May 2, 1841, in Lower Canada ; in 1861, he came to Jones Co. Owns ninety-six acres 
of land. Married Miss R. A. Graves; she was born in New York Aug. 30, 1847; 
died June 25, 1878; have one child — Mina ; second marriage to Miss Eva Brown May 
11, 1879 ; she was born in Fairview Town.ship. Enlisted in 1862 in Co. F, 74th 111. V. 
I. ; was wounded at the battle of Stone River in December, 1862. Republican. 

DR. CLAKIC JOSLiIX, physician and surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of 
Bricksville, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, and was born April 2, 1816; his father, John G. 
Joshn, was a native of New York State, and he served in the war of 1812 under Gen. 
William H. Hai-rison, and drew his land warrant for 160 acres of land; after peace was 
declared, he came to Ohio and located sixteen miles south of Cleveland, at Bricksville, 
and engaged in farming; in the flill of 1827, he removed to Michigan, and remained in 
that State until the summer of 1837, when he sold his farm and emigrated to Iowa, and 
located in Jones Co. ; he bought a large quantity of prairie and limber lands ; the fol- 
lowing year he returned to Michigan, and brought his family by wagon to Iowa; they 
were about four weeks on the way, and arrived in Jones Co. Sept. 22, 1838 ; they 
located permanently about four miles southwest of Anamosa, in Fairview Township; he 
was one of the first to settle in this township ; he and his sons helped to raise the first 
saw-mill in Jones Co., and he was a member of the first grand jury that sat in Jones 
Co., and he served as foreman; he died Aug. 25, 1868; his son. Dr. Clark Joslin, 
received his education in Ohio and Michigan, and when 16 years of age, gave his atten- 
tion to the study of medicine; he continued the study of medicine for three years under 
Dr. H. Wright and Dr. Moses Rider, and commenced the practice of medicine in 
Michigan ; he came to Iowa with his father's family, and arrived in Jones Co. Sept. 22, 
1838, and engaged in the practice of medicine at Fairview ; he was the first regular 



FAIRVIKW TOWNSHIP. 561 

medical practitioner in Jones Co. ; after several j^ears he removed to Anamosa, and has 
had an office here ever since the town was laid out, and has practiced medicine in this 
county over forty-one years ; his practice used to extend sixty miles, and many times he 
came near freezing to death. Dr. Joslin was elected the first County Recorder of Jones 
Co. ; he is a member of Jones County Medical Society. Dr. Joslin has been twice 
married. On the 25th of April, 1837, he married M. L. Wolcott, of Michigan; she 
died, leaving one daughter — Mary L., who married C. H. Bingham, now living here; 
on the 20th of January, 18-12, Dr. Joslin married Elizabeth Hale, a native of Delaware 
Co., N. Y. ; they had five children; three survive — William C, born Dec. 25, 1842; 
James (now a practicing physician here), born Jan. 1, 1848; Mary Ann I., July 
20, 1845 (now Mrs. David Ellis). 

HIRAH JOSL.IN, farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Anamosa; born June 24, 1823, 
in Cuyahoga Co., Ohio; when a child, became with his parents to Michigan ; in August, 
1S37, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; there were but two other families in the county at 
that time, viz., Clement Russell and David Mann ; he, with his father, entered about 
twenty-two hundred acres of land ; he now owns about five hundred and forty acres. 
Married Sarah J. Hale in 1843 ; she was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., in 1826 ; they 
have four children — James L., Emily J., Laura E. and Sarah F. Democrat. 

THURSTON JOSL.IN, farmer, Sec. 28; P. 0- Anamosa; born Oct. 15, 
1828, in Washtenaw Co., Mich.; in 1837, he came to Jones Co., Iowa, with his father, 
and now lives on the old homestead formerly occupied by his father ; he owns 477 
acres of land. Married Polly Worden in 1867 ; she was born in New York ; have 
four children — Lewis G., Rosetta B., George R. and Hannah C. Republican. 

P. KEEFFE, retired, Anamosa; is a native of Ireland, and was born in- 
May, 1832; he grew up to manhood there, and emigrated to America in 1852; he 
came to Dubuque in 1852, and engaged in surveying and engineering, acting as assist- 
ant engineer to James Potter ; he went to Minnesota, and engaged in contracting on 
the Minneapolis & Cedar Valley Railroad ; he was engaged in engineering on the Illi- 
nois Central Railroad in this State, and has been largely and successfully engaged 
in contracting and building railroads in Iowa, Nebraska and Minnesota; when Mr. 
Keeife landed in this country, he only had £10, and his success in life is owing to his 
own efforts. In June, 1860, he was united in marriage to Miss Marietta Chaplin, 
daughter of B. Chaplin, one of the earliest settlers of Jones Co. 

"EZRA KEELER, attorney at law, Anamosa; is a native of Macomb Co., 
Mich.; he grew up and attended the common schools there, and then entered the State 
Normal School, where he remained for three years, and entered the Law Department of 
the State University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and graduated in the spring of 1866, 
lie was appointed Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue. He came to Iowa and 
located in Auamosa in 1867, and since then he has practiced his profession here. Dur- 
ing the war, he enlisted in Co. B, 22d Mich. V. I.; after serving a short time in this regi- 
ment, he was transferred to the Signal Corps ; he remained in the service for three 
years. On the 25th day of December, 1872, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary 
Graham, of Dubuque ; they have two children — Clarence and Lome. 

DAVID H. KELIjY^, barber, Anamosa; was born in Linn Co., Iowa, 
Feb. 19, 1845 ; when 10 years of age, he came to Jones Co.; he grew up and received 
his education here. He was in the army — enlisted and served in Co. L, 7th I. V. C, 
under Gen. Sully. In 1866, he engaged in his present business; he had nothing 
when he commenced ; by industry and attention to his business, he now owns the build- 
ing he occupies ; also owns a good home. He married Miss Emma Day, from Mount 
Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa, Oct. 3, 1870 ; they have two children — Eva and Jessie. Mr. 
Kelly's father, Samuel Kelly, came to [owa in 1838, and was one of the earliest set- 
tlers ; he died April 30, 1879 ; his widow is still living. 

COL. M. C KEIJIPSE Y, wholesale and retail dealer in millinery and notions, 
Main street, Anamosa; is a native of Ireland, and was born April 8, 1832; when 15 
years of age (in 1847), he emigrated to America ; when 18 years of age, he was fore- 
man of a large tannery at Montrose, Penn. He was brought up a Roman Catholic. 



562 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

and was educated and intended for the priesthood ; while living in Montrose, Penn., he 
experienced religion and became converted in 1851 ; he entered Madison University, at 
Hamilton, N. Y., and remained there eight years; after completing a full college and 
theological course of study, he became Pastor of a Baptist Church in Jersey City ; 
upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, he was Pastor of a Baptist Church in Brooklyn ; 
after the battle of Bull Run, he aided in recruiting and organizing the 176th N. Y. V. I., 
and was commissioned Captain of Co. A.; he went with Gen. Banks' expedition to New 
Orleans; in lHi]?>, he was promoted and commissioned Colonel, and organized the col- 
ored troops at New Orleans. After the war, he had charge of the educational interests 
of the freedmen ; in 1865, he went to Alabama, with two other Union oificers, and 
purchased a plantation, and he was ihe first to introduce free labor and free 
schools in Alabama ; he was driven out of that State, and his property burnt 
and destroyed ; in 1866, he came to Iowa and located at Independence, and 
remained there until 1868, when he came to Anamosa as Pastor of the Baptist 
Church here ; after a successful ministry of two years, he went to Monticello ; 
from there, he went to Illinois, and was Pastor of the Baptist Church at Batavia ; 
in 1872, he became broken down in health, resulting from catarrh contracted in 
the army; he was then appointed Secretary of the Challenge Mill Co., at Batavia; 
he was afterward appointed General Agent of the Continental Life Insurance Co.. 
for Western Iowa ajftd- Nebraska ; declining this appointment, he came to Anamosa, 
and, since then, h<^gipk{ni successfully engaged in business here. In 1867, he was united 
in marriage to Mre/jlj^el Gillette, formerly Miss Mabel Young, from Buchanan Co., 
Iowa ; they have -had/one daughter, Lena, who died when 6 years of age. 

j. C. KlMBAlilj, pruprietor of Kimball's Machine-shop, Anamosa; is a 
native of Grafton Co., N. H.; he grew up to manhood there, and learned his trade 
there; he went to Lowell, Mass., and was connected with the machine-shops there, in 
the same works with Ben Butler, who was a mechanic there at that time; in 1859, 
Mr. Kimball was among the first that went to the oil regions in Pennsylvania, and 
remained there until 1865, when he came West, to Iowa, on account of his health ; 
he located in Anamosa ; he was some years in regaining his health ; he is engaged in 
the machinist business ; has the only machine-shops in Anamosa. He married Miss 
Lucy D. Field, a native of Northfield, Vt., March 4, 1848; they have three children 
— Willis, Charlie and (Uemmie. 

DAVID KINERT, proprietor of the Kinert House, corner of Main and 
Booth streets, Anamosa ; is a native of Perry Co., Penn., and was born Dec. 3, 1817 ; 
he grew up there until 17 years of age, when his parents removed to Ohio, where he 
lived for eight years and then removed to Indiana, and lived in that State ten years, 
and came to Iowa in 1852, and, in the spring of 1853, came to Jones Co. and located 
in Anamosa; he bought a stock of goods and engaged in mercantile business; in 1855, 
he was elected Representative to the State Legislature ; in 1856, he sold out his stock 
of goods ; he served part of a term as Clerk of the Courts ; in 1861, he was elected 
Sheriif of Jones Co., and was twice re-elected and held the office for six years. In 
August, 1858, he married Miss A. C. Cunningham, a native of York Co., Penn ; they 
have three children — S. Alonzo. Carrie, Frank. 

THOMAS KIXNEY, farmer. Sec. 1; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in 
County Galway, Ireland, in 1823; he grew up to manhood there, and emigrated to 
America in 1854; he went to Charleston, S. C, and lived there fifteen years, and came 
to Jones Co., Iowa, May 4, 1869, and located in Anamosa; in 1875, he engaged in 
farming. He has been twice married ; his last wife, Bridget Dorsey, a native of Ire- 
hind, died Feb. 4, 1879, leaving three children — John, 23 _v ears of age ; Luke, 22 
years of age; Mary Ann, 17 years of age. When INIr. Kinney came here, he had 
only $10 ; he now owns a farm of forty acres and a hou.se and lot in Anamosa. 

JOSEPH F. KUHLMAN, manufacturer of cigars, Anamosa; was born 
in Hanover, Germany, Feb. 3, 1830; when 16 years of age, he emigrated to America, 
and learned his trade in Boston ; he came to Iowa in 1857, lived two years in Dubuque, 
and came to Jones Co. in 1859, and engaged in cabinet-making, and since then has 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 563 

lived here. He married Gertrude Kutzman, from Germauy ; they have eleven chil- 
dren, four sons and seven dau^rhters. 

SAMrEIi LAWRENCE, former ; P. O. Anamosa ; is a native of Mass- 
achusetts, and was born in Gi-oton, Middlesex Co.; he grew up and received his educa- 
tion in Massachusetts, and when 18 years of age, he came West to Jo Daviess Co., 111., 
and taught school in Galena ; he came to Iowa in 1852, and, after spending a few 
months in Dubuque and the mining regions, came to Jones Co. He was appointed 
Recorder of Deeds ; he was appointed Deputy Sheriff under Frank' Hicks and was 
Acting Sheriff during his official term ; he was afterward elected Sheriff of Jones Co. 
and served two years, and was again re-elected for a second term ; he has also held 
school offices. Mr. Lawrence has been engaged in farming and owns 265 acres of 
land. During the war, he enlisted but did not go in the field. 

HENRY liEHUlKUIlL, salesman in store, Anamosa; is a native of 
Germany, and was born Jan. 16, 1836; he emigrated to America in 1857, and came 
West to Iowa in 1859, and, in 1860, came to Anamosa ; he was engaged in mercantile 
business for a number of years, and built up a large trade. He is a member of the 
Order of I. 0. 0. F., and is connected with the Lodge here. He has served in the City 
Council. He married Mary L. Ehrlich, a native of Germany, Aug. 8, 1872 ; she has 
established a greenhouse and is cultivating flowers and plants ; they own their house 
and block of ground where they live. 

JAMES lilSTER, foreman in charge of the building of the State Peni- 
tentiary at Anamosa ; is a native of Scotland, and was born Jan. 5, 1832 ; he grew up 
to manhood and learned his business there ; he emigrated to America in 1854, and 
came to Dunleith, 111. ; he came to Iowa in 1856, and engaged in farming for four and 
a half years, then removed to Dubuque. When the war bruke out, he enlisted in the 
first call for troops in the 3d I. V. I. ; as the quota was full, the regiment did not go in 
the field. He was in the Government service in building bridges and furnaces ; after 
the war, in April, 1866, he came to Jones Co. ; he was engaged in business in Cedar 
Rapids several years ; he was appointed foreman in charge of the erection of the new 
State Penitentiary at Anamosa when the building was first commenced; since then he 
has occupied that position. He was elected one of the members of the School Board, 
and is now serving his second term. He owns a farm of 105 acres, west of the city, 
where his family reside. In 1864, he married Miss Jane Perry, in Dubuque; she is a 
native of England ; they have five children — Jane, Thomas, George, Arthur and 
James. 

C H. LXJfiL, dealer in dry goods and groceries, Main street, Anamosa; is a 
native of Windsor Co., Vt., and was born Feb. 24, 1830; he grew up and attended 
school, and entered a printing office and learned the printing business ; after learning 
his trade, he and A. J . Aikens, now of Milwaukee, published the old Vermont Gazette 
at Bennington, Vt., the oldest paper published in the State; in the fall of 1851, Mr. 
Lull came to Iowa, and located in Jones Co., and engaged in the mercantile business at 
Olin ; he bought goods East and had them shipped by river by New Orleans to 
Dubuque, and carted them by wagon from there : he continued in business at Olin until 
1865, then came to Anamosa, and since then has been engaged in business here; there 
is no merchant now in business here that was here when he came to this county. He 
held the office of Postmaster for many years ; also served as Town Clerk and Town 
Trustee ; he held the office of Commissioner of the State Penitentiary two years. He 
was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Hicks, a native of Bennington Co., Vt., Dec. 
18, 1854; they have five children — one son and four daughters. 

D. McCARN, attorney and counselor at law, of the firm of Sheean & 
McCarn, Anamosa; is a native of Newark, Wayne Co., N. Y., and was born April 11, 
1832 ; he grew up to manhood and received his education in that State, and com- 
menced reading law ; he completed his law studies and was admitted to the bar in 
Rochester, N. Y., in March, 1855 ; in the fall of the same year, he came to Iowa, and 
located in Tipton, Cedar Co., and remained there until 1857, when he came to Jones 
Co , and located at Anamosa and engaged in the practice of law ; there is no attorney 



564 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

here now that was here when he came. He was elected Judge of Jones Co., and held 
that office for five years, and has also held the office of Mayor of Anamosa and other 
town and school offices. In 1853. he was united in marriage to Mii^s Mary A. Hop- 
kins, from Newark, Wayne Co., N. Y. ; they have two children — Burtis D. and George 
S., both attending school. 

WILLIAM W. McCLEARY, farmer. Sec. 27; P. 0. Anamosa; born 
March 14, 1837, in York Co., Penn. ; in 1866, he came to Jones Co. ; they own 120 
acres of land. Married Mary A. Ernsbarger Dec. 13, 1866; she was born April 8, 
1836, in Hancock Co., Ohio; died Dec. 23, 1878; have two children — Charlie E. and 
Ada R. B. ; second marriage to Elizabeth Lindley May 22, 1879 ; she was born Dec. 
30, 1857, in Jones Co., Iowa. Democrat. 

REV. JAMES HcKEAlV, deceased, Anamosa. James McKean was 
born near Pease's Mill on Ten-Mile Creek, Washington Co., Penn., on the 24th of Sep- 
tember, 1795 ; his father's name was Hugh McKean, who was born in County 
Antrim, Ireland, in 1753; the father of Hugh McKean died in 1763, at an advanced 
age. The family came originally from Scotland, and were what is known as the 
Scotch-Irish, settling in Ireland about the close of the sixteenth century, and were 
originally Scotch Covenanters. James' youth was spent on a farm west of New W^il- 
luington on the Pulaski road, one mile from the Chenango Creek. He joined the 
army at the age of 19 years, in the war against Great Britain, at P^rie, Penn., and was 
a member of Capt. Rea's company. Col. Christ}', Pennsylvania Militia : on his dis- 
charge, he marched home, ninety miles ; the weather was cold and the snow was deep, 
and in after life he was afflicted with bronchitis and weakness of the chest arising fi-om 
disease contracted in his army career. The schools at that early day were few, and 
classical education was difficult to obtain ; he worked by the job or by the month, and 
in any way that was remunerative and honorable, to obtain funds ; he was one of the 
men who, in the year 1818, helped to clear the ground where Wooster, Ohio, now 
stands, receiving 815 per month for his services; for several years, he attended the 
academy at Mercer, Penn., under the care of a teacher named Anderson, and went 
over the whole college curriculum, but, owing to failure of health, was not able to finish 
the course at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, where .several of his clas.'-mates gradu- 
ated. Ffe was married to Nancy Smith, of Mercer Co., Penn.. in May, 1822. His 
health failing from over-study while at school, he was not expected to live, and retired 
to his farm in Neshannock Township, Lawrence Co., Penn., where his health was com- 
paratively restored, and, after about nine years, having studied theology under the 
charge of Rev. William Wood, Pastor of Neshannock Church, and for two years under 
the care of Beaver Presbytery, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Beaver, 
and, about the year 1834, was sent as a missionary to Ohio, where he settled as Pastor 
of Waynesburg, Still Fork and Bethlehem (-hurches, at a salary of $400 per year, 
which, at that early day, was all that they could pay; as the churches grew stronger 
and his labors increased, he gave up Bethlehem and Still Fork by consent of the Pres- 
bytery, at about the year 1845, and retained Waynesburg alone of the three original 
churches, and, for nine years, preached at Waynesburg and New Harrisburg. until the 
year 1856, when he removed to Scotch Grove, Jones Co., Iowa. At the time hQ 
preached in Ohio, there was an organization of infidels, under the lead of one Permarr 
and Zach Wathy, who were followers of Hume, Bolingbroke and Thomas Paine ; this 
leader gave him an opportunity for a public discu.ssion, and the question was as to the 
credibility of the religion of Christ ; he completely and forever demolished the society, 
which n(;vcr met after for discussion. He lectured on temperance and slavery, and 
persistently fought every foe of man and of the country. For years, during the winter 
months, he preached in schoolliouses and private dwellings all over his county and 
beyond ; nearly every church from the Ohio River west, in the Steubenville Presbytery, 
was privileged to hear his faithful exhortations and pungent logic ; the disease of his 
throat so increased upon him that, at the age of 60 years, he was compelled to give up 
the pastorate in Ohio and remove to Iowa ; here, for several years, he preached one-half 
of his time to the church of Wayne. He died on the 1st of September, 1876, at Scotch 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 565 

Grove, Iowa, and was buried in the cemetery of the Presbyterian Church. He had 
eight children, as follows : Jane McKean, who died and was buried at Bethlehem, 
Ohio; Rev. James W. McKean, President of Lenox Collegiate Institute, and Captain 
of Co. C, 44th I. V. I., who died at Memphis, Tenn., in the oiBcers' hospital, on the 
9th of July, 3864; Dr. Hugh C. McKean, the beloved physician of Scotch Grove, 
where his name and memory are still held sacred in the minds of many, to whose 
health he had contributed ; he died in November, 1865 ; F. S. McKean, attorney at 
law, Anamosa, Iowa, for many years Auditor of Carroll Co., Ohio, and County Treas- 
urer of Jones Co., Iowa, who died on the 25:h of December, 1867 ; Francis C. 
McKean, Captain of Co. D, of the 9th I. Veteran V. I., and attorney and counselor at 
law, who died at Evans, Colo., on the 5th of May, 1874; Dr. Alexander McKean, 
of Scotch Grove ; C. B. McKean, of Scotch Grove, and John McKean, of Anamosa, 
Judge of the Circuit Court, Eighth Judicial Circuit. 

HON. JOHN McKE AN, Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit, Anamosa ; 
is a native of Lawrence Co., Penn., and was born on the 19th of July, 1835, his parents 
being James and Nancy (Smith) McKean. Hugh McKean, the pioneer, and grandfather 
of the subject of this sketch, came over at the close of the American Revolution. James 
McKean was a soldier in the second war with England, and was stationed for some 
time at Erie. Penn.; he studied at the Mercer Academy, became a Presbyterian minis- 
ter and preached for nearly forty years, dying in Scotch Grove, Jones Co., Iowa, in 
September, 1876. The wife of James McKean was also of Irish descent; she was a native 
of Westmoreland Co., Penn., and a very pious and worthy woman, the mother of eight 
children, of whom John was the fifth child. James McKean moved with his family to 
Carroll Co., Ohio, when John was an infant, and the father having a farm, the son, 
when arrived at suitable age, spent his summers in agricultural and his winters in intel- 
lectual pursuits, attending a common school until 16, and then spending one year at 
the new Hagerstown Academy, a little later ; he studied at New Richmond College, 
Jefferson Co., for eight months. In October, 1854, John and an elder brother, James 
W. McKean, came to Jones Co., Iowa, with a two-horse wagon, pitched their tent in 
Scotch Grove Township ; camped in the woods on Sec. 8 in the winter and spring, and 
during that period fenced forty acres of prairie land and built a small frame house, 
nearly all of it with material of their own getting-out ; the remainder of the family 
reached Scotch Grove the ensuing June ; the next winter, John taught a select school, 
he having been similarly engaged two seasons before leaving Ohio ; in May 1856, James 
and John returned to the East, entered Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Penn., and gradu- 
ated in August, 1859: in March of that year, John McLean was a Franklin debater, 
and received the award of honor in a logical contest held that month, five learned men 
acting as judges. On leaving college, Mr. McKean returned to Jones Co., Iowa, located 
at Anamosa, the county seat, where he read law with S. T. Pierce, and was admitted to 
practice in 1861, and has ever since been a member of the Jones Co. bar. During the 
last ten or twelve years, he has spent no inconsiderable part of his time in the service 
of the State ; he was a member of the Lower House of the General Assembly in 1866 
and 1868, and was in the Senate in the regular sessions of 1870 and 1872 ; being 
nominated for Circuit Judge in the summer of 1872, he resigned his seat in the Senate 
and did not attend the adjourned session. While in the Lower House, he was Chair- 
man of the Committee on Constitutional Ameudmenis, a very important committee in 
that juncture of our national history, and, in the Senate, was always on the Committee 
of Ways and Means and the Judiciary. While in the House, he introduced the bill, 
which became a law, allowing town.ships, towns and cities to levy a 5-pcr-cent tax to aid 
in constructing railroads. As a legislator, he showed himself an ardent friend to the 
State University and the Agricultural College, and of educational matters generally. 
He served for six years as Recent of the State University, and while in the Senate, he 
originated the measure and secured the passage of a bill for a second Penitentiary, located 
at Anamosa, Jones Co. Judge McKean took his seat on the bench in January, 1873 ; 
was re-elected at the end of four years, and his present term will expire in January, 
1881. He is one of the best equity lawyers in the State ; is noted for his honesty, and 



566 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

carries all the best traits of his character to the bench, being above bribery and cor- 
ruption. He was a Democrat till the civil war burst upon the land, and shortly after- 
ward, from a War Democrat, became an out-and-out Republican, to which party he 
owes his repeated political honors. The Judge is a Freemason, a member of the 
Commandery and an Odd Fellow. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, an 
Elder in the same and a man of the purest Christian character. He was for some time 
a Trustee of the Lenox Collegiate Institute, a Presbyterian school, located at Hopkin- 
toD, Delaware Co., Iowa. The wife of Judge McKean was Mrs. Nancy A. Carr, of 
Jones Co.; they were married on the 16th of November, 1865, and have six children. 

JOHIK^ B. Mc'QX'EEX, Justice of the Peace, Anamosa ; is a native of Clark 
Co., Ohio, and was born May 6, 1826 ; he was brought up there and in Indiana. He 
came to Iowa in 1849, and located in Linn Co. in 1851, and lived there until 
1864, when he came to Anamosa. He was in the army, and served in the Quarter- 
master's Department ; there were six brothers of them, all in the army ; we doubt if 
there is a family in the State that can show a similar record ; after his return from the 
service, he has been engaged in the mercantile business, and has held the office of 
Justice of the Peace. Mr. McQueen has been connected prominently with the fra- 
ternity of Odd Fellows, and is a member of Stella Lodge, No. 223, and also of McDan- 
iel Encampment, No. 32 ; he has been Representative to the Grand Encampment and 
to the Grand Lodge for three years; D. D. G. P., and D. D. G. M.; he has instituted 
three Lodges in Jones Co., the first one at Center Junction, No. 245, and Olin Lodge, 
No. 340, and Clay Mills Lodge, No. 341, two consecutive numbers in one month; he 
is also connected with the Masons, and is a member of Anamosa Lodge, No. 46, and 
Mount Sinai Chapter, No. 66. He married Huldah L. Bissell, a native of Otsego Co., 
N. Y., Feb. 19, 1854; she died March 4, 1868, leaving one son, VViHiam Edwin. 

REV P. MAHER, Pastor of St. Patrick's Church, Anamosa; is a native of 
Ireland, and was born in 1846; he grew up to manhood and received his education 
there. In 1870, he emigrated to America, and in November of the same year, came 
to Anamosa, and since then has been Pastor of the Church here. 

B. Id. ^HATSOjV, of the firm of Matson & Shaw, dealers in groceries and pro- 
visions, Shaw's Block. Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of Onondaga Co., N. Y., and 
was born Jan. 13, 1834. When only 11 years of age, his parents started for the West; 
they came by wagon, and were six weeks on the way, and arrived in Jones Co. Sept. 
20, 1845, and located at Fairview ; he grew up to manhood, and has lived here over 
thirty-four years ; he was engaged in the milling and mercantile business at Fremont ; 
in 1861, he came to Anamosa and engaged in the lumber business for some years; he 
afterward was engaged in mercantile business with J. W. Williams, the firm being 
Williams & Matson ; he is now associated with Col. W. T. Shaw, in the grocery and 
provision business, and they are doing a large and leading trade. He has served as 
City Councilman and on the School Board. In 1860, he was united in marriage with 
Miss Abbie Williams, of Newark, N. J.; she died Aug. 17, 1878, leaving five chil- 
dren — Ellsworth, Georse, Mattie. Beniamiii and Eunice. 

SYLVESTER G. .IIATSOX, physician, Anamosa; was born March 
5, 1808, at Middletown, Rutland Co., Vermont, and was one of a family of eleven 
children ; his mother died Feb. 1, 1825, after which his father was again married to a 
Miss Huntington, by whom he had two children, and died Dec. 30, 1827, and left no 
property. Young Sylvester early became attached to his books, and, not being able to 
attend school but little, would have his lessons copied and carry them with him to com- 
mit as he labored in the field ; he thus fitted himself for teaching, by which he secured 
means to prosecute his professional studies. When in his 21st year, he read a short 
time with Dr. Eliakim Paul, of Middletown, and then went to the Medical College of 
the University of Vermont, at Burlington, where he found a valuable friend in Prof. 
Benjamin Lincoln, with whom he studied, assisting him in the Anatomical and Surgical 
Department until he graduated, in 1832. He then returned to Middletown, and in 
February, 1833, was married to Mary Ann Hotchkiss, daughter of Dr. Hotchkiss, of 
Wells ; thence he moved to Van Buren, near Syracuse, Onondaga Co., N. Y., and 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 567 

practiced in company with Dr. A. White. He was frequently called upon to speak on 
public occasions, and his addresses were always received with favor, securing from the 
general public and the press the highest encomiums. Removing to Jones Co., Iowa 
Territory, he was a member of the Convention that framed the first State Constitution, 
and was also elected a member of the First and Second General Assemblies of the State, 
and came within one vote of being elected Speaker of the House ; he took an active 
part in school matters, was Chairman of the Committee on Schools, and assisted in 
passing the bill that located the State University at Iowa City. His wife died in 1849 ; 
by her he had four children, two of whom are living. He married again, and had two 
children by his second wife, one of whom survives. His family is as follows : Benja- 
min Lincoln, a merchant in Anamosa, Iowa, and a soldier in the Union army during 
the rebellion ; Sarah Lefl&ngwell, who married Rev. S. N. Fellows, A. M., D. D., now 
at the head of the Normal Department in the State University, at Iowa City ; Catha- 
rine L. is a graduate of Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa, Class of 1875 ; she 
married Prof. Goodyear, of the Danville Hygienic Institution, at Danville, Livingston 
Co., N. Y.; she was invited to deliver the Master's oration at the Commenci ment exer- 
cises at Cornell College, Mount Vernon, and acquitted herself with rare ability. 
During the rebellion, Dr. Matson was active, and aided with his money and voice in 
raising troops. The Doctor has been in the active practice of medicine, surgery and 
dentistry for about forty-three years ; is temperate in all his habits, using neither tea, 
cofi"ee, tobacco nor intoxicating drinks, and, although now being over 71 years of age, 
is almost as spry and active as when in his prime. For a few years past, he has been 
engaged in opening a stone quarry, which he selected about thirty years since, on the 
Wapsipinicon, near Anamosa; the stone has been tested for more than twenty-five 
years, and grows harder by exposure ; specimens have been worked which so nearly 
resemble the finest marble that the best judges cannot tell the difference ; one of the 
finest water-powers on the river he is utilizing for preparing stone and for milling purposes. 

JOHX MATTHEWS, of the firm of John Matthews & Sons, proprietors of 
the Buffalo Mills, Anamosa; is a native of Canada, and was born Aug. 22, 1809. He 
grew up to manhood there and came to Iowa in 185-1, and located at Maquoketa, in 
Jackson Co., lived there in that county a number of years ; in June, 1878, he came to 
Jones Co., and bought the Buffalo Mills, just outside of Anamosa, at Fisherville. 
Since buying the property, Mr. Matthews has made additional improvements, adding 
improved machinery, making it, now entirely completed, the best mill in Jones Co.; 
they do both custom and merchant work. Mr. Matthews has held the ofiices of Justice 
of the Peace, Town Trustee, Postmaster and School Director. In 1835, he was united 
in marriage to Miss Annie Spencer, a native of Canada, at the head of Lundy's Lane, 
near the old battle-ground ; they have seven children — Amelia, Maria E., John S., 
Edwin L., William H., Annie B. and Cyrus. 

JOHX S. MATTHEWS, of the firm of J. Matthews & Son; was born 
in Dundas, Canada West, July 16, 1847 ; when 7 years of age, he came with his 
parents to Iowa, and he grew up to manhood in Jackson Co. ; he came to Jones Co. in 
June, 1878, and, with his father, engaged in the milling business ; he is a practical miller, 
and attends to the manufacturing department. He married Miss M. A. Jenkins, from 
Jackson Co., Iowa, Nov. 10, 1875 ; they have two children — Roswell and Lillian. 

AXCIL E. MARTIN, Warden of the State Penitentiary, Anamosa; is a 
native of Newport, Herkimer Co., N. Y., and was born July 27, 1832 ; he grew up to 
manhood there ; he came to Chicago and engaged in contracting ; he built the first 
stone piers, and abutments on the Chicago River ; he remained there five years and 
came to Iowa, locating in Delaware Co., and engaged in contracting and building. He 
was elected Sheriff of Delaware Co., and held that oflfice for six years ; he held the 
oflBce of Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue for ten years, and he has in his pos- 
session his commission, signed by President Lincoln. In April, 1876, he was appointed 
Warden of the State Penitentiary, at Anamosa. On the 12th of June, 1858, he was 
united in marriage to Miss Anna McKenzie, from Chicago ; she is a native of Canada ; 
they have four children — Marcella E., Ancil E., Jr., John B. and Reuben B. 



568 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

REV. ORVIIilvE W. MERRILL, deceased ; was a native of Oxford, 
N. H.; durinpr his boyhood, his parents removed to Elgin, 111. ; he soon returned East, 
and entered Kimball Union School and prepared for college, and entered Amherst 
College ; after completing his college course, he entered the Theological Seminary 
at East Windsor Hill ; he completed his theological studies and entered the ministry, 
and became Pastor of the Congregational Church at East Corinth, Vt., where he 
remained four years, and came to Iowa and was Pastor of the Church at Waterloo 
for four years ; in the autumn of 1861, he went to New York, and on the 2Sth of 
November, 1861, he was united in marriage to Miss Anna J. Couch, a native 
of WestSeld, Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; in June, 1862, they came to Anamosa, he 
being called to the pastorate of the Congregational Church ; he remained here 
eight years ; he was appointed Superintendent of Home Missions for Nebraska, 
by the Home Missionary Society of New York. He conducted that work until his 
death, which occurred March 11, 1873; he left two children — one daughter, 
Alice M., and one sou, Arthur C, both in school. During the year 1873, Mrs. Mer- 
rill returned from Lincoln, Neb., to Anamosa, and since then has resided here; on the 
1st of April, 1876, she was appointed Chaplain and Librarian of the State Penitentiary, 
at Anamosa, having charge of the religious and moral instruction of the inmates, a 
position she has filled with <rreat acceptability. 

IVATHAXIEL ilERSHOX, farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Fairview ; born 
Dec. 1, 1850, in Fairview Township, Jones Co. ; he now lives on and works his father's 
farm, consisting of 162 acres of land. Married Miss Maggie Williams July 3, 1869; 
she was born in Ohio ; have three children — Clarence, Eflae and Clyde. 

X. S. MERSHOX, farmer. Sec. 35; P. O. Viroqua ; born Nov. 30, 1820, 
in Fleming Co., Ky. ; in 1830, came to Ohio with his parents; in 1848, he came to 
Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 317 i acre? of land. Married Mary A. Bancroft in 1844; 
she was born in Ohio; have ten children — Henry R., Mar}' E., Joseph I., William, 
Alice, Asel. Anna, Jennie, Charles and Leetie. During 1855 and 1856, was Postmaster 
at Olin and engaged in merchandising; in 1857, he sold merchandise in Highland 
Grove; sold out his stock in the fall of 1858; in the fall of 1860, he commenced 
merchandising in Fairview and was Postmaster there till 1864; he then removed his 
stock of goods to Highland Grove, and continued in the merchandise trade there and 
at Olin till 1869, when he retired from the business, and has since been engaged in 
farming. 

HORACE C METCALF, banker, Anamosa; is a native of Jennings 
Co., Ind., and was born May 29, 1821 ; he grew up to manhood there and came to 
Iowa in 1841 and located in Linn Co.; in 1845, he came to Jones Co. and located in 
Anamosa ; he was one of the early settlers and one of the oldest business men in Ana- 
mosa ; he was engaged in the mercantile business for twenty years, and, in 1869, he 
engaged in banking ; two years later, he organized the Fir^t Na*^ional Bank and was 
elected its President and served in that position until January, 1879, when he discon- 
tinued business under the national banking system and again engaged in private bank- 
ing ; Mr. Metcalf is extensively engaged in the live stock, banking and grain business 
in Nebraska; he has a bank at Central City, Neb., also a steam elevator and flouring- 
mills there; he owns a large ranche of 1,000 acres. He was elected Sheriff of Jones 
Cii. and held that office two years and has also held town and school offices. He was 
united in marriage to Miss Maria J. HoUenbcck, from Paris, Jennings Co., Ind., Feb. 
29, 1844; they have five children — Milo H., Alphonzo J. and Elwell, all in Nebraska; 
Charles W., at home, and one daughter, Delia, attending school. 

J. W. MILIjER, photograph artist, Anamosa; is a native of Fairfield Co., 
Ohio, and was born July 1, 1841 ; when 3 years of age, in 1844, his parents came to 
Iowa by wagon ; they were about six weeks on the way and arrived in Jones Co. in the 
fall of 1844; they located in Rome Township; he grew up and attended the common 
schools and completed his education at Lisbon, in Linn Co. ; he learned the trade of 
watchmaking and jeweler and engaged in that business ; he also studied photography 
here and in Dubuque ; he carried on the business together with the jewelry business 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 569 

for some years ; on account of his health, he gave up the jewelry trade, and, for the 
past seven years, has carried on photographing, and has the oldest gallery in Anamosa. 
He held the office of Pcstmaster of Mechanicsville for four years. He married Miss 
Emma G. Tyson, a native of Indiana, Oct. 8, 1865 ; they have one son — Virgil Clifford, 
born Oct. 30, 1868. Mr. Miller's father and mother are still living in Rome Township 
and are the oldest settlers now living there. 

C H. MOIX^OEII, publisher of the Anamosa Journal, the organ of the 
Democratic partv for Jones Co. 

ERASTlTJJi MOREY, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in Wash- 
ington Co., N. Y., Feb. 19, 1815; he grew up to manhood and lived there until 40 
years of age; in the spring of 1855, he came West to Iowa and located in Jones Co., 
where he now lives; he bought 120 acres for S5 per acre and engaged in farming; he 
has lived on this farm twenty-four years ; he had nothing when he began life ; he has 
sold wheat for 30 cents per jjushel and corn for 15 cents ; he now owns 280 acres of 
good land, finely improved, all paid for; his success in life is owing to his own efforts 
and good management. On the 2Gth of April, 1845, he married Miss Electa A. Carr, 
a native of Washington Co., N. Y. ; she was raised in Vermont; they have five chil- 
dren — Edwin S. (in this county), Austin H. (in this county), Eugene C. (lives in 
Chicago), Albert A. (lives in Chicago), Adeline I. (at home). 

JOHN MOREliAl^D, merchant dealer in groceries, Main street, Ana- 
mosa; is a native of England and was born Nov. 19, 1842; his parents came to 
America in 1848 ; he came to Linn Co., Iowa, in 1858. After the breaking-out of the 
rebellion, he entered the army, enlisting in Co. F, 20th I. V. I.; he was wounded in 
the siege of Fort Blakely, Ala. ; he was in the service three years. He came to Ana- 
mosa in 1876, and was appointed one of the guards at the Penitentiary and served in 
that position three years, then engaged in his present business. In 1862, he married 
Miss Elizabeth Ross, a native of England ; they have five children — Eliza, Charles, 
Mary, Ida and Lillie. 

PHIIilP MOYER, farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Dec. 19, 1808, 
in Center Co., Penn.; he came to Stark Co., Ohio, when a boy, thence to Marion Co., 
Ohio; in 1853, he came to Jones Co.; owns 130 acres land. Married Elizabeth Spade 
in 1831 ; she was born in 1818 in Pennsylvania, died in 1866 ; have ten children — 
Margaret, John, Albert, Levina, Eliza, Daniel, Harvey, Elizabeth, Samuel and Catharine. 
Second marriage to Mary Bechtol in 1868; she was born in 1825 in Pennsylvania, 
Samuel enlisted in 1863 and served till the end of the war. Democrat ; member of 
the Lutheran Church. 

SERVITUS NEEDHAM, of the firm of Needham & Burritt, livery and 
boarding stable, Anamosa ; is a native of Addison Co., Vt., and was born Aug. 3, 1820. 
He grew up to manhood, and lived in that State until 1855, when he came West to 
Illinois; lived in La Salle Co. two years; then came to Whiteside Co., where he lived 
seven years, and, in 1866, he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa, and estab- 
lished his present business, and has continued it for thirteen years. Needham & Bur- 
ritt are the oldest livery firm in Anamosa. Mr. Needham was united in marriage to 
Miss Hannah M. Burritt, from Chittenden Co., Vt., Jun > 20, 1854; they have one 
son — Oscar M.; now attending Beloit College. Mr. Needham has had the office of City 
Councilman. 

KEWTON S. NOBS^E, retired, Anamosa; is a native of Southwick, 
Hampden Co., Mass., and was born March 6, 1831. He grew up to manhood in that 
State. He was united in marriage Jan. 26, 1852, to Miss Sarah L. Pepper, a native 
of Southwick, Hampden Co., Mass. In 1855, they came to Iowa and located at Ana- 
mosa ; the following year, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff, and, in 1857, he was elected 
Sheriff of Jones Co., and held that office between two and three years. He afterward 
returned to Massachusetts, and gave his attention to raising' tobacco. He went South 
and was engaged in contracting and building railroads in Tex;is. He returned to Ana- 
mosa, and, for the past five years, he has been engaged in cultivating and rai.sing tobacco. 
He was the first to introduce the culture of tobacco to any extent in this State, and he 



570 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

has fully demonstrated that it can be raised with success and profit. Following his 
example, many others are giving attention to the same pursuit quite extensively. At 
the County Convention recently held, Mr. Noble was chosen as candidate for Represent- 
ative to the State Legislature. 

A. B. OAKLEY, attorney at law, of the firm of Oakley & Jamison, Ana- 
mosa; is a native of Fairfield Co., Conn., and was born Aug. 8, 1835. He grew up 
and attended school there. When 20 years of age, he came to Illinois, and attended 
school at Mount Morris. In the spring of 1861, he came to Cedar Co., Iowa, and 
located at Mechanicsville, and engaged in teaching. He began reading law in Connect- 
icut, and was admitted to the bar. In the spring of 1877, he came to Anamosa, and 
a.<sociated with Mr. Jamison, and since then has practiced his profession here. He held 
the office of Superintendent of Schools of Cedar Co. In April, 1858, he married Miss 
Hannah Miller, from New York ; they have had three children ; only one son survives — 
Raymond, born April 2, 1876. 

AMBROSE PARSOXS, deceased ; was born in Knox Co., K}'., in 
November, 1804. and, with his parents, moved to Monroe Co., Ind., when 11 years old. 
After reaching manhood, April 4, 1829, he married Miss Susannah Beall, of Blooming- 
ton, Ind. In the spring of 1836, they moved to Kane Co., 111. In the spring of 
1838, he came to Iowa, and arrived in Jones Co., at Fairview, on the 9th of May. He 
was one of the earliest settlers. Dubuque was only a small town, and was his nearest 
market. The first time he went to mill after he settled here was to his old home in 
Kane Co., 111. He went with an ox team, and was gone six weeks. He took up a 
claim according to the laws of the neighborhood, and engaged in farming and stock- 
raising. Upon the removal of the county seat from Edinburg, he was one of the Com- 
missioners to make the new location. He continued to live in Fairview, where he first 
settled, for thirty-five years, until his death, which occurred Feb. 14, 1873. He was a 
man of great kindness of heart, socially and morally a good citizen, and noted for his 
integrity, and no man's word went farther than his. His funeral was one of the largest 
that ever took place in that neighborhood. He left a large estate, entirely unincum- 
bered, which, by frugality and a life of industry, he had accumulated. Mr. and Mrs. 
ParSons had twelve children, ten of whom are living. One of his sons was the first 
person buried in the present Fairview Cemetery. Mrs. Parsons is still living on the old 
home place, west of Fairview. 

T. E. PATTERSO]^, County Treasurer, Anamosa; is a native of Fred- 
ericktown, Ohio, and was born Nov. 30, 1840. When 13 years of age, he came to 
Iowa, and lived in Cedar Co. until he came to Jones Co. in 1861. During the war, 
he enlisted in Co. P], 1st I. V. C., and was in a number of battles and many fights and 
skirmishes. After the war closed, he returned to Jones Co. In 1875, he was elected 
County Treasurer, and was re-elected in 1877, and was again re-elected in 1879. He 
has also held town and school offices. He married Miss Emma Gillette, a native of 
Westfield, Mass., Oct. 14, 1861 ; they have three children — Nellie K., Louie and 
Fordham. 

F. E. PARSOBfS, carpenter and builder, Anamosa; is a native of Berk- 
shire Co., Mass., and was born Jan. 7, 1848. He came to Iowa in 1864, and located 
in Anamosa, and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, and since then has been 
engaged in building. In 1872, he married Miss Elizabeth Crombie, a native of Can- 
ada ; she was brought up in Illinois ; they have two children — James and Charlotte. 

ALBERT L. PEET, farmer, Sec. 31; P. 0. Martelle; born Sept. 14, 
1847, in Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 325 acres of land. Married Miss Ella Zimmer- 
man Sept. 12, 1875 ; she was born in Greenfield Township, Jones Co.; have two chil- 
dren — Julius D. and Susanna. Democrat. 

D. A. PEET, of the firm of D. A. Peet & Son, dealers in dry goods and 
groceries, Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of Fulton Co., N. Y., and was born Dec. 
26, 1830 ; he lived there until 16 years of age, when he came to Iowa with his parents; 
they came by wagon and were five weeks on the road, and arrived in this county in 
November, 1 846 ; they settled in Fairview, and were among the early settlers there. 



d 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 571 

When 18 years of age, Mr. Peet entered a store as clerk, and he has been connected 
with the mercantile business in this county since then, over thirty years; when 
he first began, he had nothing, and his success is owing to his own efforts. In the 
spring of 1856, he was united in marriage to Miss Emily A. Grain, a native of Kala- 
mazoo, Mich.; they have two children — one son, George S. (engaged in business with 
his father), and one daughter, Emily A. 

JAMES M. PEET, retired farmer; was born in Solon, Cortland Co., N. Y., 
Sept. 1, 1821 ; was the son of Gideon Peet and Abigail Wildman, of same county, but orig- 
inally from Connecticut ; his father was a good mechanic and a hard-working farme'r, 
and the subject of this sketch was early trained to habits of industry, while toilin" 
upon a rugged farm in Central New York. He was one of a family of nine children, 
eight sons and a daughter, each of whom lived to become the head of a numerous fam- 
ily. At the age of 19, he, with his parents and six brothers, came to Fairview Town- 
ship, Jones Co., Iowa, and settled on 560 acres of land five miles southwest from Ana- 
mosa, the county seat of Jones County. Mr. Peet now owns this land, which was 
entered by his father, at the Land Office in Dubuque, in 1840 ; the father died in 
1842, but the sons and mother continued to carry on the farm together until the death 
of the mother, in 1847, when Mr. Peet bought out the other heirs and became sole 
proprietor of the pioneer homestead. By subsequent acquirement, he is now owner of 
about nine hundred acres, of which fully eight hundred are under good cultivation ; his 
home farm has taken five first premiums as the best farm and as the best-managed farm 
in the county. He was married June 5, 1845, to Miss Ann Dallas, at Red Oak 
Grove, Cedar Co., Iowa ; she was the daughter of Ptobert Dallas and Isabel Couts, of 
that place. Mr. Peet has had four children — William G.,born May 8, 1846 ; Lorenda 
E., born Dec. 3, 1848, and died March 17, 1877; Robert M., born March 20, 1856, 
and Orra D., born July 30, 1 864. His son, William G., was married Feb. 8, 1872, to 
Miss Eliza E. Saum, daughter of George Saum, Walnut Grove, Jones Co., a wealthy 
and prominent farmer. Robert M. was married Nov. 26 (Thanksgiving), L'^78, to 
Miss Carrie B. Carbee, daughter of Capt. William Carbee, of Linn Co., Iowa, who was 
killed during a charge at the head of a company in an attack on New Orleans in 1864. 
Both these sons are prosperous farmers and successful stock-breeders in Jones Co. For 
nearly forty years, Mr. Peet was a laborious, enterprising farmer, enthusiastic in raising 
blooded stock, and judicious in the selection of his crops for profitable general farm- 
ing. His improvements were first-class and his farm was attractive to all members of 
his family ; his wife, after nearly thirty years of joint pilgrimage, went before to the 
land of rest on the 22d of September, 1874. The oldest daughter, for years ^ an 
invalid, followed the mother ere the leaves of three autumns had fallen. The farm 
having lost its charm, he gave charge of it to his son Robert and moved to Anamosa, 
where he purchased a home and now resides ; industry and economy, combined with 
practical judgment and business capacity, have rendered him financially independent ; 
he has retired from active service and is passing his later years in the serene enjoyment 
of domestic life and ample competency. He was married to Miss Matilda Weaver, of 
Anamosa, on the 5th of July, 1877. Mr. Peet is not a member of any church organ- 
ization or secret society, neither is he closely bound to any political party — is a conserv- 
ative Independent, has more faith in practices than professions. He is a public-spirited 
and honorable citizen ; he enjoys recounting the experiences of pioneer life ; he laughs 
at the memory of the beautiful coverlet of snow which sometimes fell upon his bed in 
his airy chamber. He smilingly tells of social calls upon neighbors fifty miles distant; 
tells with pride of the good crops raised on land tilled with the bungling plow having 
a wooden molding-board ; tells cautiously of the " Vigilance " exploits with the out- 
laws who were compelled to " hug a black-jack " and their curses were changed, by 
stinging persuasions, to abject promises and piteous prayers ; tells of convicted crimi- 
nals " reported " to have been run into the Mississippi and bound to logs, which they 
were advised to keep '• right side up with care,^^ as they floated to the Gulf; tells of 
grain 61 cents per bushel, of frozen feet, of threatened "'bear-hugs;" tells, with 
enthusiasm, of the varied hopes and fears, trials and triumphs of the AA'estern pioneer. 



572 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

S. T. PIERCE, attorney at law, Anamosa ; is a native of Canton, St. Law- 
rence Co., N. Y., and was born March 1, 1830 ; he grew up to manhood and received 
his education in that State ; he studied law in the office of Hon. John L. Russell, and 
was admitted to the bar in September, 1853; he came West to Iowa the same year, 
and located in Anamosa and engaged in the practice of law. Shortly after he came, he 
was elected District Attorney; in 1856, he was appointed District Attorney of 
Dubuque County ; there is no attorney in practice in Jones Co. that was here when he 
came, in 1853, and since then he has practiced his profession in this county and in the 
north part of the State. Among those who have read law under him, five or six have 
been elected Judges in the different courts. 

li, 'S. PITCHER, Anamosa; buying and shipping horses; is a native of 
Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. ; his parents came to Da Page Co., 111., when he was only six 
years of age ; he grew up mostly there and in Kane Co., 111., and came to Iowa in 
1856 and located in Jones Co., Cass Township; he was engaged in flxrming for some 
years. In November, 1871, he came to Anamosa and engaged in the livery business 
and continued two years, and since then has been engaged buying and shipping horses 
East. While living in Cass Township, he spent five years in Colorado and on the 
Pacific Coast ; at the Democratic Convention recently held to nominate county officers, 
Mr. Pitcher received the nomination for Sheriff. He married Miss Lena Scroggs, 
from Anamosa, March 30, 1865 ; they have three children — Allen, Samantha and 
Irwin. 

MATHEW PORTER, farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. Fairview ; born Sept. 
20, 1818, in Adams Co., Ohio; when a boy he came with his parents to Indiana, 
and, in 1842, he came to Jones Co.; he has made all the improvements on his 
present farm since coming to it.* Married Maria McFarlin Jan. 2, 1840; she 
was born in October, 1820, in Virginia; have eleven children — Rachel Ann, now 
Mrs. C. W. Breed; Minerva Jane, now Mrs. F. S. Dumont; John William; Mary, 
now Mrs. S. H. Myers ; David ; KUemina, now Mrs. A. H. Sherman ; Charles 
F., Francis Marion, Harry and Fred. Has been Township Trustee and School Direc- 
tor ; Democrat. 

WILIjIAM port, milk dairy business, Anamosa ; is a native of England ; 
was born Sept. 16, 1833 ; he grew up to manhood and received his education there ; 
he emigrated to America in 1852, and came to Iowa the same year and located in Jones 
Co. ; he arrived in Anamosa in August, and was one of the early settlers here ; he 
learned the milling business, taught school four years, and afterward engaged in farming 
for eight years, and since then has been engaged in his present business; he owns his 
stock and the place where he lives. On the 8th of October, 1857, he married Miss 
Angeline Lockwood, a native of Indiana ; she came to Iowa when very young ; they 
have five children — Frank W., William II., Rebecca A., Minnie B. and Glenn A. 

F. H, PREXTICE, engineer of the Anamosa Water-Works, Anamosa ; 
is a native of Onondaga Co., N. Y., and was born in 1811 ; he grew up to manhood 
and lived in that State until 1850, then came West and lived in Illinois five years, and 
in Wisconsin fifteen years; he came to Iowa in 1871, and located at Independence; in 
1873. he came to Jones Co. and located at Anamosa ; he has occupied his present posi- 
tion as engineer of the water-works since their completion in September, 1875 ; he hss 
held town and school offices. He married Miss Catharine Tyler, a native of Canada, 
in 1835 ; she died in April, 1872 ; they had five children, three of whom are living — 
Tyler S., Engineer on the C. & N. W. R'y ; Theresa, now Mrs. Ives, living in 
Buchanan Co. ; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Ross, living in Wisconsin. 

CHARIiE^ O. RHODEBf, watchmaker and jeweler, and dealer in 
watches, clocks, jewelry and silver ware, Anamosa ; is a native of Sweden, and was born 
March 14, 1845; he grew up to manhood and learned the trade of watchmaker; he 
emigrated to America in 1865, came to Chicago and lived there four years, and came to 
Iowa in 1870, and located in Monticello and engaged in the jewelry business ; Mr. 
Rhoden is a practical watchmaker, and thoroughly understands the making and repair- 
ing of fine watches, and does the leading business here. He married Miss Lillian 



I 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 575 

Sayles, from New York State, November 18, 1873 ; they have had three children ; onlv 
one son survives, William O. 

JOHW RHODEiS, merchant, dealer in groceries, Anamosa ; is a native of 
Akron, Ohio, and was born Oct. 16, 1813; he grew up to manhood and lived there 
until 1851, then went to South Bend, Ind. ; in 1856, he came to Webster City, Iowa; 
he built the first brick store in that town, and remained there eleven years, then 
removed to Belvidere, Boone Co., 111., and remained there eight years, and in 1875, 
came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa, and engaged in his present business ; Mr. 
Rhodes has been engaged in mercantile business over thirty years ; he has held the 
office of Postmaster and other town offices ; he owns a good farm and 230 acres finely 
improved in Wayne Town.ship. He married Miss Rebecca Smith, a native of Akron, 
Ohio ; they have had eight children, four of whom are living : E. Henry, in California ; 
John E., in California; Ella, now Mrs. Roach, living in Chicago; Mary Eidora, at 
home. Mr. Rhodes has one sister living in Oakland, Cal., and one living in Carson 
City, and another living in Sacramento ; the latter married Judge Crocker, one of the 
originators of the Central Paci6c Railroad. 

JAMES RipiXtJS, farmer, Sec. 28; P. 0. Fairview ; born Oct. 2, 1826, 
in Surrey Co., N. C. ; in 1831. came to Greene Co., 111. ; in 1851, he came to Jones 
Co. ; owns 240 acres of land. Married Charlotte Sutherland in 1851 ; she was born in 
British America in February, 1835 ; have nine children — Isabelle, Jane, Isaac, Thomas, 
Leroy, Mary, Jessie, Carrie and Bessie E. Enlisted in 1861 in Co. D, 9th I. V. I., and 
served about fourteen months ; was discharged on account of physical disability. Repub- 
lican. 

M. F. RICK, proprietor of Rick's Brewery, Anamosa ; was born in Oermany 
Oct. 5, 1836 ; when 18 years of age, he emigrated to America in 185-1, lived one year 
in Pennsylvania, and came to Wisconsin, where he lived eight years, and came to Iowa 
in 1862, and located at Anamosa and engaged in the brewing business, and has carried 
on the business since then. In 1874, he built his present brewery, which has a capacity 
of making from fifty to sixty barrels per month. He married Theresa Grosbietch, a 
native of Germany, in 1857 ; they have four children — Frank, Michael, William and 
Mary. 

Li. SCHOOjVOVER, Cashier of the banking-house of Shaw, Schoonover & 
Co., Shaw's Block, Anamosa ; is a native of Bradford Co., Penn., and was born Dec. 
12,1828 ; when quite small, his parents removed to Indiana, and he was brought up and 
lived there and in Illinois until coming to Iowa in 1853 ; he located in Jones Co., and 
engaged in farming ; upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, he was the first man from 
Jones Co. to enlist in the three-year's service. He was in Co. G, 1st I. V. C, and was 
in a number of battles ; he was in the service three and a half years ; after his return. 
in 1865, he was elected Treasurer of Jones Co., and held that office for eight years; he 
has been a member of the banking-house of Shaw, Schoonover & Co. since its organiza- 
tion in 1873, and holds the position of Cashier. Mr. Schoonover was a member of the 
first Board of Supervisors of Jones Co., and is a member of the present Board. He 
was united in marriage to Miss Amelia J. Tanner, from Jefi'erson Co., N. Y., Nov. 5, 
1867 ; they have had three children, none of whom are living. 

•f . P. SCROGrGrS, feed and sale stable, buying and shipping horses, Ana- 
mosa ; is a native of Greene Co., Ohio, and was born May 20, 1840; his parents came 
to Jones Co., Iowa, in the spring of 1849, and located in Anamosa; they were early 
settlers. He grew up to manhood here, and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, 
and was engaged in building for twelve yeavs, and is now engaged in buying and ship- 
ping horses East. There are only several here now that were here when he came. He 
married Miss Eliza Graves, a native of New York State, April 2, 1866 ; they have one 
son — Charlie P., born June 4, 1867. Y 

BEI^ J AMIN F. SHAW, Fish Commissioner'Tor the State of Iowa, Ana- 
mosa. Benjamin Field Shaw is the son of Rufus Shaw, an architect and builder, and 
Amy Medbury, and was born in Utica, N. Y., on the 12tli of February, 1830. His branch 
of the Shaw family early settled in New England. Rufus Shaw moved with his family 

O 



576 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

to New Berlin, Chenango Co., when Benjamin was 2 years old, and the son lived 
with his grandparents several years, he losing his mother when he was 9 years old. 
His education was limited to the common schools, though he acquired no inconsiderable 
amount of knowledge outside the recitation-rooms, and has always been inclined to study. 
At 17 years of age, he went to Canada, learning the blacksmith's and joiner's trades, 
returning to the United States at the end of four years, and soon afterward starting 
wagon-shops at Stillwell Prairie and Kingsbury, Ind., and continuing the business three 
years. During this period, he acquired a knowledge of the Daguerrean business, and, 
afterward, traveled awhile in Illinois and Wisconsin, also teaching music, vocal and 
band, continuing at intervals for seventeen years. After traveling five years as an artist 
and musician, he engaged in buying lumber and shipping it down the Wisconsin and 
Mississippi Rivers. In 1858, Mr. Shaw came to Jones Co., Iowa, and, in October of 
the next year, settled in Anamosa, which has since been his residence. He was County 
Superintendent of Schools in 1859 and 1860 ; became proprietor of the Fisher House 
in October, 1859, and remained in it between two and three years. About this period, 
having part ownership in a quarry of superior stone, near the city of Anamosa, and, 
thinking it would be a feasible point at which to locate a penitentiary, he. with others, 
began to agitate the question of the location of such an institution at this place. He 
began to build side-tracks from the Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad, put up a perpetual 
lime-kiln, and commenced developing the quarry, and the penitentiary was located here. 
In 1874-, Mr. Shaw was appointed one of the three Fish Commissioners of the State, an 
office created at the session of the General Assembly, hold in January to March of that 
year, and he still holds that office, he being the sole Commissioner since 187t). It was 
a fortunate appointment, for no other man in the State of Iowa has taken so much inter- 
est in fish culiure, or done so much to interest the people in tbe subject. He may be 
called an enthusiast in the science, he having made it his careful study for years. Mr. 
Shaw inherited in a large degree the mechanical talent of his father, and has recently 
invented a fish-way that is of a superior quality. Michigan, which has probably paid 
more attention to fish culture than any other State in the West, has recently, after 
examining a dozen inventions of the kind, adopted his, and is introducing it into her 
streams. Commissioner Shaw was a very useful man in Jones Co. before his services 
were required by the State in the direction here indicated. He was a member of the 
School Board of the city of Anamosa, and its President four or five years, rnd has held 
other offices in the municipality. He is Master Workman of the Anamosa Lodge of 
United Workmen. Mr. Shaw has uniformly affiliated with the Democratic party, but 
of late years has given but little attention to politics. His wife was Miss Olive Burling- 
ame, of Chenango Co., N. Y. Married on the 12th of May, 1851. They have had 
four children, three of them yet livina-. 

COL. WILLIAM T. SHAAV, Anamosa. William Tuckerman Shaw, 
a native of Maine, was born in Steuben, Washington Co.. on the 22d of September, 
1822; his parents were William Nicholas Shaw and Nancy D. (Stevens) Shaw; his 
paternal grandfather was a distinguished officer in the Revolutionary army ; was aid-de- 
camp to Gen. Knox; was promoted to the rank of Captain of artillery in 1780, and 
served until the close of the war. Young Shaw was educated in the common schools of 
his native town and the Wesleyan Seminary at Readfield, attending the latter institu- 
tion two or three years ; at 19, he started for the West, spending one year in teaching 
a private school in Greencastle, Ind.; he then went to Harrodsburg, Ky., and continued 
teaching until the Mexican war broke out; in 18-18, Mr. Shaw strayed into Arkansas 
and the Indian Territory, among the Cherokecs, Choctaws and other tribes, and, the 
next year, found his way into California ; he remained there, digging in the mines, until 
1851, when he returned as far eastward as xVnamosa, then little more than a four-cor- 
ners, on the banks of the Wapsipinicon River; in 1852, he returned to the Golden 
State again, by the overland route ; two years later, he returned to Anamosa and specu- 
lated in real estate, being fortunate in many of his investments ; he built the Dubuque 
& Southwestern Railroad from Farley to Anamosa, and was at work on this road when 
the rebellion broke out; for the last ten or twelve years he has been engaged in banking, 



FA.IRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 577 

real estate and the building of brick blocks in Anamosa, and railroads to help the 
town ; the Iowa Midland road, running from Clinton to Anamosa, is the work of his 
hands; he is of the banking firm of Shaw, Schoonover & Co. In 18-46, he enlisted as 
private in the 2d Ky. V. I., and remained with it until the close of the Mexican war; 
he was in the battle of Buena Vista, where both the Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel 
were killed ; Mr. Shaw returned as a non-commissioned oflBcer. On the 24th of Octo- 
ber, 1861, he was commissioned Colonel of the 14th I. V. I., and served the full three 
years for which he enlisted ; his regiment was in the Second Brigade, Third Division, 
Sixteenth Army Corps, and, after being fearfully cut up at Pittsburg Landing, it com- 
posed, for a time, part of the " Iron Brigade," which consisted of the 8th, 12th and 
14th Iowa and the 5Sth Illinois Regiments ; no better fighting regiment went from Iowa 
than the 14th, and no braver, more daring ofllicer than Col. Shaw; for awhile, he 
commanded the Third Division of the Sixteenth Army Corps, and when finally relieved 
at the end of the three years, on the 29th of October, 1864, Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith 
paid a high compliment to him for his " courage, patriotism and skill " during the 
fifteen months that he had its command ; when about to leave the division which he 
had so bravely commanded, the officers made him a present of a beautiful sword and 
scabbard, as a token of their kindly regard, which he cherishes highly. The Shaws are 
a patriotic family; a cousin of the Colonel, Robert G. Shaw, commanded the 1st Col- 
ored Regiment, and was killed at Fort Wagner. Col. Shaw was elected to the State 
Legislature, and, during the session in which he served, was one of the leading mem- 
bers of that body. Col. Shaw has had three wives; in 1854, he married Miss Helen 
A. Crane, of Jones Co; she had two children, and died in 1865; one child survives 
her. His second wife was Rhetta Harmnn, who lived only one short jear. His pres- 
ent wife was Mrs. Elizabeth Higby, of Kalamazoo Co., Mich. 

•f. Tj, SHEKABf, attorney at law, of the firm of Sheean & McCarn, Ana- 
mosa ; is a native of Boston, Mass., and was born June 3, 18B5; when very young, 
his parents removed to Illinois and located in Jo Daviess Co., being among the first to 
locate in that early settled county ; he grew up to manhood and received his education 
there, and studied law in Dubuque, and was admitted to the bar in 1858 ; he came to 
Jones Co. and located in Anamosa in 1861, and since then he has practiced his profes- 
sion here. He has held school offices. On the 3d of July, 1862, he was united in 
marriage to Miss Laura J. Rawlins, a native of Jo Daviess Co., 111., and a sister of 
Maj. Gen. John A. Rawlins; they have six children, three sous and three daughters. 

H. W. SICirWORTIf , physician and surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of 
Clarion Co., Penn., and was born Feb. 25, 1837 ; he grew up and attended school there, 
and completed his literary course at the State University, Madison, Wis. ; he studied 
medicine and graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1868; after graduating, 
he came to Iowa and located in Linn Co., and engaged in the practice of medicine ; he 
continued there fourteen years, and, in 1877, he came to Anamosa, and since then ha.s 
practiced his profession here ; he holds the office of City Alderman, and has held town 
and school offices. On the 18th of May, 1863, he was united in marriage to Miss 
Phoebe Bowen, daughter of Hon. T. S. Bowen, of Green Co., Wis. ; they have five 
children, four sons and one daughter. 

H, P. SICw WORTH, physician and surgeon, Anamosa ; is a native of Clar- 
ion Co., Penn., and was born Nov. 27, 1838 ; he grew up to manhood and received his 
education there, and began reading medicine ; he entered the army and enlisted in the 
155th Penn. V. I., and was commissioned First Lieutenant of Co. G ; he came to Linn 
Co., Iowa, in 1863, and completed his medical studies and graduated at Rash Medical 
College in 1866 ; he practiced medicine in Linn Co. until 1878, when he came to Ana- 
mosa and associated with his brother in the practice of medicine; in 1878, he attended 
Bellevue College Hospital, New York, and took the ad eundem degree. During the 
present year — 1879 — he married Mrs. Maggie Trion, from Marion, Linn Co., Iowa; 
he has one son — Miles P., by a former wife. 

I>K. W3f. M. SKINXJER, physician, dealer in drugs, medicines, wall 
paper, toilet and fancy articles, Anamosa; is a native of Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; was 



578 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

born April 11, 1825 ; he grew up to manhood and received his education in that State ; 
he studied medicine in Fulton and graduated at Woodstock, Vt., in 1850. During 
the same year, on the 15th of October, 1850, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary 
A. Parker, a native of Oswego Co., N. Y. ; they came to Iowa and located in Anamosa 
in November, 185G ; in spring of 1857, they went to Clear Lake and returned here 
the following year; in 1859, they went to Colorado and agiin returnad here iii I860; 
he served as Deputy Recorder for one year, and, in the fall of 1862, they engaged in 
their present busiiess and have continued in it since then, and it is one of the oldest 
business houses, without change, in Anamosa. Dr. Skinner is ably assisted in his busi- 
ness by his wife, who has been in the store for fifteen yeai'S. Mrs. Skinner has entire 
charge of some departments of their business, and has a large trade of her own, and is 
justly popular with all. Dr. Skinner has held the office of President of the School 
Board, City Alderman and others; they have one son — William B., born June 13, 
1860; now studying medicine. 

B. F. SHITH, brick manufacturer. Strawberry Hill, Anamosa ; is a native 
of Grafton Co., N. H., and was born Feb. 8, 1830 ; he grew up to manhood there and 
learned the business of brickmaking ; in 1853, he went to California, and was engaged 
in brickmaking there for seven years, theu returned to Mew Hampshire ; in 1869, he 
came to Iowa and located at Anamosa, and established his brick-works here ; since then 
he has been engased in the manufacture of brick ; there are very few men in the bus- 
iness who have the thorough practical knowledge of Mr. Smith, and the brick he man- 
ufactures are of an excellent quality, superior to those manufactured elsewhere in this 
part of the State ; he furnished the brick for the residence of Col. Shaw and also for 
Shaw's Block and many of the largest buildings in Anamosa. Mr. Smith has been 
twice married; his first wife was Clara Ferrin, a native of Grafton Co., N. H.; she died 
in December, 1869, leaving three children — Edward F., Addie J. and Bertie F. In 
March, 1874, he married Ellen Wheeler, a native of Grafton Co., N. H.; they have one 
son — Clarence. 

COIi. CHAS. F. SPRINGER, deceased; was a native of the State of 
Indiana, and was born in Sullivan Co., Aug. 10, 1834; in 1848, he graduated with 
honor at Asbury University, Greencastle, Ind.; he received the degree of Master of 
Arts in 1861, and delivered the Masters' oration at the Commencement exercises; after 
completing his collegiate course he came to Illinois and located at Edwardsville, and 
entered the office of Judge Gillespie and commenced reading law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1859; he formed a copartnership in the practice of law with Hon. David 
Gillespie ; after the Dreaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted and was elected 1st Lieu- 
tenant, Co. K, 140th 111. V. I.; his time having expired, he was mustered out; he returned 
home and assisted in the enlistment and organization of the 150th Regiment; he' again 
entered the service as Captain in that regiment on the 24th of February, 1865 ; he was 
commissioned Lieutenant Colonel, and the following December was promoted and commis- 
sioned Colonel, and commanded the regiment until he was mustered out of the service on 
the 16th of January, 1866, after the close of the war. In 1868, he was chosen Presiden- 
tial Elector for the 12th Congressional Dist. of the State; in 1869, he was elected to repre- 
sent this Senatorial Dist. in the Constitutional Convention ; he was appointed a Delegate 
by Gov. Palmer, to the Capital Convention which assembled in Cincinnati, in which body 
he represented this Congressional District. In all public positions with which he was hon- 
ored he discharged his duties with a degree of fidelity that was unsurpassed ; his adminis- 
tration of public trusts won for him the unlimited confidence of his constituents. He 
was a consistent and exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was 
Superintendent of the Sabbath school for some years. He continued in the practice 
of his profession, except during the intervals of time when he was engaged in the 
discharge of public duties, until his death, which occurred Nov. 15, 1870. 

Mrs. Col. Charles F. Springer, formerly Miss Adelaide Isbell, is a second daugh- 
ter of Rev. Bishop and Olive P. Isbell. She recalls, among her earliest memories, 
the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts. Her education was early begun at home, 
and, when only 6 years of age, she began the study of the French language ; at 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 579 

the age of 14, she began the work of instruction, receiving $15 for three months' 
service, and boarding around, sometimes walking live miles a day to reach the school; 
at the age of 16, she received a diploma from the State Normal School of New York ; 
through the kindness of Bishop and Mrs. Hamline. intimate friends of her parents, she 
entered Oakland Female Seminary, and, by passing a satisfactory examination, she was 
admitted to the second term of the Senior year in January, and received a diploma as Mis- 
tress of English Literature the following August ; in September, she taught the Sophomore 
Class in Hillsboro Female College, and continued the study of Greek, Latin and Music. 
The young girl whose joy was unbounded at receiving $5 per month, is now offered $500 
for ten months. A wedding might very properly occur right here to a graduate of Indi- 
ana Asbury University, C. F. Springer by name. But the home in Iowa must be paid for, 
and all are doing their utmost to accomplish that ; two years as Preceptress at Greencastle, 
one year at Epworth ; three years, Principal at Marion ; two years as Preceptress, in the 
Upper Iowa University, and the debt is canceled; another year in a private school and the 
war is over ; and, on the 5th of December, 1866, the joyous nuptials of Col. Charles F. 
Springer, (who joined the army as private, and returned at the head of his regiment) and 
Miss Adelaide Isbell. are celebrated in the M. F. Church, Anamosa, Towa, her father per- 
forming the marriage service. Removing to Edwardsville, 111., four years of perfect 
blessedness were granted and a perfect home erected, in which they lived nearly two 
years, when death, who spares neither friend nor foe, but always takes the best, tore 
down this bright hearthstone and put out its altar fires. A year later, Mrs. Springer 
accepted a position in the Northwestern University, at Evanston, 111. ; but the death 
of her dear sister. Miss Eliza Isbell, and the failing health of her mother, rendered it 
necessary for her to return to Iowa, and, in the fall of 1872, she accepted the offer of 
the Board of Trustees of the Jones County Academy to become its Principal. The 
school had been organized one year before, and has continued under its present form for 
seven years ; and those desiring to fit themselves for teachers and anxious for improve- 
ment, will find this institution very beneficial. Mrs. Springer has written considerable 
for the press ; and her poem read before the Alumni of the Hillsboro Female College, June 
7, 1877, was compared to Goldsmith's best efforts. Another poem, "lied. White and 
Blue," read July 29, 1879, at the Temperance Jubilee at Clear Lake, was fully appre- 
ciated by the large audience. Her literary efforts as missionary and temperance essays 
or poems, have usually been prepared while busied with her home work, as she has kept 
house for her parents, without kitchen help, for the past six years. She is not satisfied 
with her literary work, and it would scarcely have been attempted but from her hus- 
band's express desire to have her write. She was present as Delegate to the Woman's 
International Temperance Convention in Philadelphia, and read an essay on temper- 
ance, and also delivered a missionary address. As Recording Secretary of the W^oman's 
Temperance Union of Iowa, she did good service, and though exceedingly conservative 
in many of the plans of the day, she possesses a large measure of that charity which 
does not intrude upon others' convictions. An extended tour in Europe, Asia and 
x\frica has greatly increased her general information. 

Rev. Bishop Isbell is the son of Isbell and Mary Smedley, both natives of Mas- 
sachusetts. The father dying in 1813, the mother married Cyrus Stratton in 1816, 
and came to Ellis, Hardin Co., towa, in 1858 ; she died December 13, 1865, at the 
ripe age of nearly 87 years. Bishop Isbcll's early life was spent in Williamstown, Mass., 
where^ at the age of 20, he became a member of the M. E. Church, and, a few years 
later, joined the Troy Conference ; for twenty-five years he labored in this Conference, 
which embraced parts of Massachusetts and Vermont. He never counted the sacrifices 
made as worthy a thought, although when he left secular work he was receiving several 
dollars a day, while the salary for young ministers was $100 per year, and, if married, 
the same for his wife ; while as years passed on his usual salary was about $350, and 
never over $500. He has always been regarded as a deep thinker, a close student, a 
good linguist and a successful minister. Of his executive ability in a very important 
Church trial in 1855, Bishop Hamline said of him that " he was one of the best bus- 
iness men I have found in the whole Church." At his last appointment, Castleton, over 



580 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

one hundred were converted and added to the Church through his instrumentaUtj. His 
health faiUng, he came to Iowa in May, 1858, and was followed by his family, wife and 
their three daughters, the following July ; but he still retains his connection with the 
Troy Conference ; since he came West, he has continued his work, often preaching twice 
each Sabbath ; at one time, being Pastor of the M. E. Church at Anamosa, and for 
several years past, has preached on alternate Sabbaths in Cass Township, some nine 
miles from home. He has the esteem of the ministry and laymen in an especial degree. 
Although now 70 years of age, his mental powers seem on the increase, keeping 
up his knowledge of Greek and Latin, while his physical powers are in no way dimin- 
ished. A poem falls from the point of his pen with no apparent eflforc. He is progres- 
sive in liis ideas and keeps up with the current news of the day — occupying all his 
leisure moments in reading and writing. Among his neighbors, he bears the enviable 
reputation of an honest Christian man. 

Mrs. Olive P. Martin (Mrs. Springer's mother), spent her girlhood days as a 
teacher, in William.stown and North Adams, Mass.; and then shared for twenty-five 
years, with her husband (Rev. Bishop Isbell), the care of three children, and entertain- 
ing a constant round of guests, who regarded the minister's house a free hotel, did not 
prevent deep interest and aid in all the social, benevolent and religious reforms of the 
day, while these duties were supplemented by a teacher's task. Shortly after reaching 
Anamosa, Iowa, in the summer of 1858, a commodious stone house was erected one mile 
from town, to which a school building was added, and the Hazel Knoll Family Board- 
ing School was established, and was continued fourteen years by the personal instruction 
of Mrs. Isbell and her eldest daughter. Miss Eliza Isbell. The latter, a native of Mas- 
sachusetts, was an artist of unusual talent, and the home contains many rare paintings, 
the work of her skilled fingers, ere she passed to the better land, which occurred in 
July, 1872. She also possessed her father's poetic gift from a child. She became a 
Christian at G years of age. The mother was the queenly head of the school, the daugh- 
ter the sunbeam. They also did their share for the soldiers during the civil war. and 
in the diiferent church enterprises of the city. A large number of those who were 
under their tuition are now filling honored places in the world. This mother, beautiful 
in her physical presence and in her qualities of mind and heart, was permitted to linger 
till April 25, 1879. To tell the struggles this noble woman made for intellectual cult- 
ure and the inspiration for knowledge, or the sacrifices made by these parents to give 
their children every opportunity for education, would fill a volume. Lacking years of 
her " three score and ten," she seemed too young to die, when her work was so ripen- 
ing under her baud. 

The youngest daughter, Emily, now Mrs. Hon. J. M. King, is a native of St. 
Albans, Vt., and was but a child when she came to Iowa, and yet had acquired quite a 
good knowledge of instrumental music, as she began that branch of study at 9 years of 
age. She aided in the Music Department of the Hazel Knoll School ; and for several 
years has been considered a pianist of extraordinary abilit}-. She is quite a pleasing 
writer of both poetry and prose, the latter of fictitious style with instructive moral. She 
has been ex<ieedingly unfortunate in the accidental death of her betrothed (a graduate 
of Allegan College, and only 28 years of age), by a fall from his horse, in Middle 
Park, Colo., in July, 1874. Two years later (1876), she married a highly cultured 
gentleman of Philadelphia, who lived but five days. Three years later, in March, 1879, 
she was married, by her father, in the M. E. Church, to the Hon. J. M. King, of Cas- 
cade, where she is now pleasantly located. She spent five years in Colorado. 

JOHN S. ST AC \', attorney and counselor at law, Anamosa. Judge Stacy 
was born on the VMh of May, 1833, at De Kalb, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.; his parents 
were Pelatiali and Jerusha Tanner Stacy. The paternal ancestors were from Massachu- 
setts, thence to Oswego, N. Y., and his grandfather was one of the first settlers in 
De Kalb. His father served a short time in the war of 1812, at Ogdensburg. His 
maternal ancestors were settlers in the vicinity of Cooperstown, N. Y., and the remains 
of many of them rest in the cemetery in that town. In boyhood, John S. Stacy had 
a great taste for reading, but was accustomed to the hard work of a farm, with only a 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 581 

few months at school each year until he was 16, when he attended an academy at Gouv- 
erneur, N. Y., there preparing- for college ; he attended one terra at Oberlin, Ohio ; 
then entered the Sophomore Class of Union College, and graduated in 1857 ; it was 
during President Nott's administration that Mr. Stacy was at Union College. He 
taught school several terms, studying law at the same time and during vacations. 
Immigrating westward, he spent a short time in teaching at Dover, Bureau Co., 111., 
and, in the spring of 1858, located at Anamosa, Iowa ; he entered the law office of 
Hon. E. Cutler, and was admitted to the bar in the autumn of the same year; he 
accepted an invitation to become a partner of Mr. Cutler, and the law firm of Cutler & 
Stacy commenced business on the 1st of January, 1859, which terminated in the 
autumn of 1862, by Mr. Cutler entering the military service. In 1864, Mr. Stacy 
engaged in banking, in connection with the practice of law, continuing until the autumn 
of 1873, when the panic compelled him to surrender. He was actively engaged in the 
building of the Iowa Midland Railroad, as attorney and Director. He was also Pres- 
ident of the Iowa & Minnesota Railway Company, which had so far succeeded as to 
secure the preliminary negotiations, in London, for a loan that would doubtless have 
resulted in the success of the enterprise, but for the panic just alluded to, which put a 
stop to a great many important enterprises. In 187-1, Mr. Stacy went to California, 
and spent two months there ; he returned to that State again in 1875, and remained 
nearly two years, practicing law with success in San Francisco. Mr. Stacy was elected 
Judge of Jones Co., in 1861, and served one term. Judge Stacy has always beeo an 
ardent and active Republican. He was a Delegate to the National Convention which 
renominated Mr. Lincoln in 1864, and was one of his most hearty supporters. In 
1858, while in Dover, 111., Judge Stacy united with the Congregational Church, and, 
on settling in Iowa, transferred his membership to the Anamosa Church ; he is an 
active Christian worker, and foremost in all philanthropic measures. On the 16th of 
November. 1862, he married Miss Charlotte A. Kellogg, a daughter of Rev. E. W. 
Kellogg, who, for forty years, was a Congregational minister in Vermont ; she is a lin- 
eal descendant of William Bradford, second Governor of the Plymouth Colony ; is a 
Woman of fine mental culture and exalted Christian character, a worthy representative 
of the best Puritan stock ; she has three children, who feel daily the molding hand of 
a Christian mother. 

LEONARD X. STARKWEATHER, lime, Fairview; he was born 
Aug. 8, 1814, in Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; in 1848, came to Pennsylvania; in 1850, to 
Michigan; in 1851, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; in 1852, he started the first saleratus 
Works in the State, and ran it about ten years ; he formerly kept a hotel in Fairview ; 
in 1875, he commenced the lime business and still continues it. Married Polly Thomp- 
son ; she was born in New York in 1824; have six children — Adelia, Lucy J., Char- 
lotte A., Ann E., Mary A. and Ida L. Has been School Director about fifteen years, 
and Justice of the Peace about eight years. Republican ; Baptist. 

JOHN STEWART, manufacturer of fine creamery butter, Anamosa; is a 
native of Mariette, Washington Co., Ohio, and was born July 15, 1836 ; he grew up to 
manhood and received his education there. After the breaking-out of the rebellion, he 
enlisted in Co. B, 39th Ohio V. I. ; he was in a number of battles, beside a great many 
fights and skirmishes; in the battle of Corinth he was the third man in the rebel 
works; was wounded in the assault on the rebel works at Rough's Mills, Ga., and was 
in the service four years; in 1870, he came to Iowa and located in Manchester; in 
April, 1872, he established the first creamery in the State of Iowa, and now is the pro- 
prietor of six creameries; he came to Jones Co. and located at Anamosa in 1878; he 
was awarded the first premium for butter at the St. Louis Fair in 1873 and 1874, and 
the second, third and fourth premiums in 1875 ; he was awarded the first premium on 
October butter and the first on November butter at the International Dairy Fair, New 
York, in 1878 ; he was awarded the gold medal at the Centennial Exhibition, Philadel- 
phia, in 1876, and was awarded the second prize at the Royal Agricultural Exhibition 
in London, Eng., June 30, 1879, and the second premium at the St. Louis Fair in 
1879 ; his butter commands the highest price in the E;i«tern and foreign markets; he 



582 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

is the largest butter manufacturer in the State. Mr. Stewart was united in marriage to 
Miss Sarah F. Prescott, from Galena, 111., Sept. 22, 1869; they have had two children, 
only one of whom is living — Newton P. 

S. STRAl^SS, of the firm of S. Strauss & Brother, dealers in dry goods, 
corner of Main and Garnavillo streets, Anamosa ; is a native of Baden, Germany, and 
was born June 20, 1838 ; he grew up to manhood there, and emigrated to America in 
1856 ; the following year, he came to Jones Co. and located at Fairview, and engaged in 
the mercantile business ; he is one of the oldest merchants in the county, and does a 
large and lendintr trade. 

AI^FRED TRESTER, retired; P. 0. Anamosa; is a native of Dearborn 
Co., Ind., and was born Feb. 4, 1820; he grew up to manhood and lived there until 
1854, when he came West to Iowa and located in Johnson Co., and engaged in farming ; 
the following year, he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa; in 1855, he engaged 
in building, and continued in that business until within the past four years ; he has lived 
here about twenty-five years. He married Miss Aldana Higbee, a native of New York 
State, June 29, 1845 ; they have one son — David C. ; they lost two children in Indiana 
and one since coming to Iowa; David C. was born in Indiana Nov. 7, 1846; 
he came with his parents to Iowa, and grew up to manhood here ; he learned the 
tinner's trade, and is now engaged in business. He married Miss Libbie Chesman, 
from Dearborn Co., Ind., in July, 1875 ; they have one daughter — Mary. 

MRS. LiUCY" A. TUCKER, dealer in millinery, di-fessmaking, cloaks 
and furs, Main street, Anamosa ; is a native of Birmingham, Conn. ; her maiden name 
was Lucy A. Gilbert ; she grcAV up to womanhood and lived there until coming to 
Iowa; she has been successfully engaged in business in Anamosa since 1863, and is the 
oldest house in her line of business in this city ; she is well known throughout the 
county, and enjoys an enviable reputation for fair dealing, and has built up a large busi- 
ness ; she owns the store she occupies, and other city property. She married Samuel 
B. Tucker, from Connecticut; he died Sept. 25, 1878, leaving two children — Lewis E. 
and Sarah N. ; both at home. 

SAMUEIj tucker, bridge-builder and contractor, Anamosa ; is a native 
of Norfolk Co., Mass., and was born ten miles south of Bo.ston Sept. 6, 1823 ; he grew 
up to manhood and learned his trade there ; in 1846, he came West to Illinois, and 
lived in Waukegan, Lake Co. ; he came to Iowa and located in Jones Co. in 1853, and 
engaged in farming; in 1S57, he came to Anamosa and engaged in blacksmithing, and 
continued until the building of the Midland 11. R., and since then he has been 
engaged in contracting and bridge-building ; he has lived in Jones Co. over twenty-six 
years. In March, 1845, he married Barbara Adams, from Massachusetts; she was a 
native of Scotland; she died May 13, 1858, leaving four children — Maria H., living in 
Black Hawk Co. ; Marion, living in Colorado ; John A., living in Colorado ; Olive, liv- 
ing at home. On the 10th of October, 1864, Mr. Tucker married Maria H. Harring- 
ton, from Oswego, N. Y. 

JOHN I. VAIV NESS, blacksmith, Anamosa; is a native of Esses Co., 
N. J., and was born March 12, 1828; he grew up there and learned his trade of iron- 
ing carriages, in Newark. After reaching manhood, he married Miss Mary E. Tharp, 
of Newark, N. J., March 22, 1849 ; they came to Iowa in the spring of 1864, and 
located in Anamosa and engaged in his present business, and has continued it since then; 
he is Foreman of the hose company in the Fire Department. Mr. and Mrs. Van Ness 
have had ten children, six of whom survive — Charles A., Lizzie E., Ernest M., John 
W., William 0. and Edgar C. 

WILLIAM H. VALLANDINGHAM, fi^rmer, Sec. 4; P. 0. Ana- 
mosa; born Aug. 4, 1848, in Putnam Co., Ind; when a boy, he came to Davis Co., 
Iowa ; in 1871, he removed to Jones Co. ; he rented 100 acres of land ; he enlisted in 
1861 in Co. C, 7th I. V. I., and was discharged in September, 1862, on account ot 
wounds received at the battle of Shiloh, for which he receives a pension. Married 
Mary Harrington in June, 1872 ; she was born in Indiana ; have four children — Nettie, 
Maggie, James and William. Democrat. 



FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. 58S 

PATRICK WASm^C^TOX, insurance and farming, Strawberry Hill, 
Anamosa ; is a native of Canada, and was born in 1843 ; when 8 years of age, he came 
to Northboro, Mass., ami lived there four years, and came West to Illinois, and lived in 
iMcHenry Co. four years, and then came to Iowa in 1861 and located in Jones Co., in 
Cass Township, and engaged in farming ; he continued farming and stock-raising for 
seventeen years, then moved in town. When Mr. Washington began life, he had uoth- 
ing ; by industry and good management, he now owns two good farms, well improved. 
During the war, he enlisted in the 15th I. V. I., Co. G, and was in the battles of Ben- 
tonville, Atlanta, and many other fights and skirmishes ; he was slightly wounded at 
Bentonville. He married Miss Mary Shannon, from Delaware Co., Iowa, in 1866; 
they have had four children ; only two survive — Robert and Annie. 

CiiEOR4^E WATTERS, of the firm of Waiters & Ferguson, dealers in 
fresh and salted meats, Anamosa ; was born in Dubuque April 14, 1839 ; he grew up 
to manhood there, and came to Jones Co. in 1861, and since then has been engaged in 
his present business ; he is associated with his brother and Mr. Ferguson, and they are 
doing a large business, and are extensively engaged in buying and shipping stock. Ho 
married Miss Mary Preston, from Ohio, in 1863; they have one son — Albert. 

JOHN WATTERS, senior member of the firm of Watters & Fergu- 
son, dealers in fresh and salted meats, also dealers and shippers of live stock, Anamosa ; 
is a native of Yorkshire, Eng., and was born Jan. 6, 1830; when only 3 years u? 
age, his parents emigrated to America, and came to Iowa and located at Dubuque, and 
he grew to manhood there; he came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa June 7, 

1860, and engaged in his present business; they are extensively engaged in buying and 
shipping stock, doing the largest business that is done in this part of the county. In 
1851, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Robinson, a native of England; she 
died in 1872, leaving three children — Julia, Thomas and Anna. In October, 1874, he 
was united in marriase to Miss Amy Robinson, a native of England. 

B. H. WHITE, Clerk of the Circuit and District Courts, Anamosa ; is a 
native of the town of Salem, Westchester Co., N. Y.; when 5 years of age, his parents 
removed to Binghamton, where he grew up and received his education ; he studied 
law and was admitted to the bar in 1861 ; after being admitted he came to Iowa and 
located at Wyoming in this county. Upon the breaking-out of tho- rebellion, in August, 

1861, he enlisted in Co. E. 5th I. V. C; he was in the battles of Franklin and Nash- 
ville and many others; he was taken prisoner at Newnan, Ga., July 30, 1864, and 
taken to Anderson ville, and was confined there till the night of Sept. 25, when he suc- 
ceeded in making his escape ; he was promoted and commissioned First Lieutenant of 
Co. H ; he was in the service four years and returned to Wyoming ; he afterward went 
to California and remained three years ; he returned to Wyoming and practiced law 
until 1874, when he was elected Clerk of the county, and was re-elected in 1876 and 
again in 1878 ; he has also held held town and school offices. He was united in mar- 
riage to Miss Lottie O. Carhart, from Trempeleau, Wis., May 15, 1S72 ; they have three 
sons — Thomas, Clifford and an infont son. 

liUKE WE ATHERSON, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. O. Fairview ; he was born 
in Berwickshire, Scotland, in January, 1827 ; he came to New York City June 7, 1850 ; 
in the fall, he came to Wisconsin ; in 1S52, came to Jackson Co., Iowa; in 1866, he 
removed to his present farm ; he now owns 635 acres of land. He enlisted in 1862 in 
Co. K, 26th I. V. I.; served to the end of the war. In 1854, he went to California; 
returned in 1856. He married Miss Nancy D. Highiey in 1851 ; she was born in New 
York ; she came with her parents to Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, when a child ; they have six 
children — Isaac F., George A., James H., Andrew J., Fred E. and Nellie J. Repub- 
lican ; Baptist. 

HENRY D. WILIilAMS, manufacturing and selling open-ditching 
machines, Anamosa; is a native of Belmont Co., Ohio, and was born Oct. 7, 1819 ; he 
grew up to manhood in Ohio, and came to Iowa in June, 1857, and settled in Linn Co. 
and engaged in farming; in 1862, he came to Jones Co. and engaged in farming; in 
1871, he invented his ditching machine; he came to Anamosa and engaged in 



584 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

manufacturing and selling the machine, which works with great success, and can cut from 
80 to 125 rods of ditching per day. Mr. Williams has held town and school offices. 
He married Rachel Crew, a native of Belmont Co., Ohio, Oct. 5, 1843 ; they have ten 
children, two sons — Francis R., Professor in Iowa City Commercial College, and Joseph, 
Assistant in the same school, and eight daughters — Ann, Martha, Margaret, Edith, 
Velina, Rebecca, Emeline, Almeda ; they lost two children — Mary and Thomas. 

JAMES H. WILLIAMS, dealer in dry goods and groceries, corner of 
Main and Ford .streets, Anamosa ; is a native of Newark, N. J., and was born in 1826 ; 
he grew up to manhood there ; he afterward lived in Pennsylvania for six years ; then 
came to Iowa and arrived here April 19, 1858, and engaged in farming; in December, 
18Cl,he removed to Anamosa and engaged in mercantile business, the firm being 
Alderman k Williams; in 1868, he closed out his business, and in the year following 
he again engaged in business; in 1871, B. L. Matson became associated with him in 
the business, and the firm was Williams & Matson until September, 1873; since April, 
187-1, Mr. Williams has carried on the business. He hold the position of Chief 
Engineer of the Fire Department ; he has held the office of Justice of the Peace and 
other town and school offices. In 1850, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. 
Alexander, from Newark, N. J.; they have four children — Alexander Gr., Samuel I., 
Lizzie and James H., Jr. 

HEXRY WURZBACKER, dealer in boots and shoes, corner of Main 
and Ford streets, Anamosa; is a native of Germany, and wa.s born Nov. 18, 1833; 
when 15 years of age, he emigrated to America, in 1848; he learned his trade in Balti- 
more; then lived in Lancaster, Penn., for some years ; he came to Linn Co., Iowa, in 
1858, and came to Jones Co. and located in Anamosa in 1860 ; engaged in the boot 
and shoe business, and has the oldest boot and shoe store in town. He is a member of 
the fraternity of Odd Fellows, and belongs to Lancaster Lodge, No. 67, Lancaster, Penn. 
In December, 1863, he was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Brown, of Anamosa; 
they have four children — Frank, Edward, Charles and Burt. 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 

J AMES ARMSTRONG, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Martelle ; born April 13, 
1841, in Cortland Co., N. Y. ; in 1852, came to Jones Co. with his parents. He owns 
162^ acres of land. Married Ann E. Brady in 1868 ; she was born in Chenango Co., 
N. Y. ; have four children — Jennie, John, Eugene and Mary. 

W. ARNOLD, wagon-maker, Martelle; born Dec. 30, 1828, in Hendricks 
Co., Ind. ; Feb. 7, 1850, he came to Jones Co. He has been Township Assessor and 
Justice of the Peace ; was Postmaster at Fairview, from 1861 to 1865. Married Orpah 
Alspach in 1853 ; she was born in Fairfield Co., Ohio, Sept. 20, 1833 ; they have four 
children — W. Franklin, Emma E., Samuel S. and Jennie M. ; has an adopted daughter, 
Minnie Alspach. Republican. 

JOHN BAIRD, farmer, See. 30; P. 0. Lisbon; born Sept. 26, 1824, in 
Ayrshire, Scotland ; in 1851, he came to Oneida Co., N. Y. ; in 1855, came to Daven- 
port; in 1859, he came to Jones Co. He owns 288 acres of land. Married Helen 
Donald in 1851 ; she was born in Ayrshire, Scotland; have five children — Jane (now 
Mrs. Ellison), Agnes, Mary Ann, Katie E. and Andrew J. ; has been Justice of the 
Peace four years ; has also been Township Assessor, School Treasurer and Director. 
Democrat. 

LEWIS BAKER, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. MechanicsviUe ; born Feb. 6, 
1838, in Snyder Co., Penn. ; in 1856, came to Illinois ; in 1866, he came to his present 
farm, consisting of eighty acres. Married Rebecca Grimm Dec. 25, 1859 ; she was 
born in Snyder Co., Penn., in June, 1840 ; had nine children, eight living — Ellen J., 
Mary J., John, James, Lewis, William, p]dward S. and infant not named; lost Joseph 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 585 

H., iu 1875, aged 4 years and -4 mouths. Enlisted in 1865, in Co. E, l-47th 111. Y. I.; 
served to end of war. Has been Constable and School Director. Democrat ; United 
Brethren. 

SOL.OMOX BARE, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P.O. Lisbon ; born June 12, 1827, 
in Somerset Co., Penn.; in 1857, came to Litin Co.; in 1871, to Jones Co. Owns 162 
acres of land. Married Mary Flig-le in 1853 ; she was born in Somerset Co., Penn., in 
1833 ; have three children — Hiram, Edward and John ; lost William, Sept. 6, 1872, 
aged 16 years. Republican. 

Ctt. W. BEliDEN, physician and surgeon, Martelle ; born June 23, 1820, 
in Rutland Co., Vt.; in 1824, came with his parents to Wayne Co., N. Y.; in 1830, he 
came to Washtenaw Co., Mich.; in 1832, came to Wood Co., Ohio ; in 1836, to La Porte, 
Ind.; in 1837, to McHeury Co., 111.; in 1851, to Linn Co., Iowa; in 1868, to Jones 
Co. He owns 105 acres of land, also property in town. He commenced the study ot 
medicine in 1841, with Prof. George W. Richards, of St. Charles, 111.; graduated in 
1844, at La Porte, Ind.; has been in practice most of the time since. Married Mary L. 
Hodgkins in November, 1839 ; she was born in New York ; have six children — Cassia, 
Ben, Frank, Albert, Mary T. and J. 0.; was a candidate for the Legislature for Linn 
Co., and was defeated by John E. Kurtz. 

T. O. BISHOP, farmer. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Martelle ; was born in Williamstown, 
Berkshire Co., Mass., Sept. 4, 1805. In 1811, he, with his father's family, moved to 
Cazenovia, Madison Co., N. Y. Feb. 20, 1832, he was married to Fidelia Annas, who 
was born in Cazenovia March 18, 1814, by whom he had three sons, and two daughters, 
Justin Dwinnell, Maria P., Francis M., Henry 0. and Fidelia ; Justin Dwinnell and 
Maria P., died while young. Mr. Bishop served as Captain of a company of militia 
four years. In 1847, he was elected a member of the New York Assembly, taking his 
seat Jan. 1, 1850, as an Old Hunker Democrat. His wife dying in 1846, he married 
Eunice Lewis, of De Ruyter, N. Y., in 1848. In 1854, he moved to Iowa and bought 
150 acres of land in Sec. 6, Greenfield Township, Jones Co., where he now resides. In 
the fall of 1873, he was elected a Representative of the Iowa Legislature. He had 
previously been Supervisor of his township for nine consecutive years ; was Director of 
his School District for ten years. Mr. Bishop was a descendant on his mother's side of 
one of the Judges who condemned Charles I, of p]ngland, to be beheaded. 

Ij. T. BfjACKLiEDGJB, firm of Hoifman & Blackledge, general merchan- 
dise, Martelle; he was born in Jefferson Co., Ohio, Oct. 8, 1832 ; came to Linn Co., 
Iowa, in October, 1854; in 1874, came to Martelle and engaged in the produce busi- 
ness ; in 1875, he engaged in general merchandising with F. Hoffman, who had first 
commenced this business in 1872, and who opened the first store iu Martelle. 

JERRY BliESSING, farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born Nov. 
1, 1843, in Dauphin Co., Penn.; in 1849, came to Linn Co., thence to Muscatine 
Co. He enlisted, in 1862, in Co. A, 35th I. Y. I.; served to the end of the war. In 
1865, he came to Jones Co. ; owns seventy-seven acres of land. Married Elizabeth 
Zimmerman in February, 1870 ; she was born in Penn,sylvania ; have three children — 
S. D., George E. and Hiram J. 

IRA BREEI>, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Martelle; he was born in Chenango 
Co., N. Y.; in the fall of 1851, he came with his i^arents to Jones Co. ; owns 220 acres 
of land, entered by his father, who died July 27, 1867, aged 69 years. His mother 
lives here at the old homestead. The family numbers seven children — Elias, Ira, C 
W., R. J., Abbie J., Ann Eliza and J. R. He is now School Director and Township 
Treasurer ; Democrat. 

WIIililAM BRUCH, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Lisbon ; born Nov. 23, 
1839, in Northampton Co., Penn.; in 1869, came to Iowa; in 1871, he removed to 
Jones Co. ; owns ninety acres land. Married Eliza S. Andrew in July, 1866 ; she was 
born in Northampton Co., Penn., in 1841 ; had four children, three living — Anna 
Nettie, Charles S. and Morris F. ; lost Naomi in 1876, aged 9 years. Enlisted in 
1862 in Co I, 153d Penn. Y. I.; served nine months; participated in the battles of 
Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. Republican ; Evangelical. 



586 BIOGRArHICAL SKETCHES : 

J. T. COOK, farmer, Sec. 9 : P. 0. Martelle ; born Dec. 24, 1841, in Knox 
Co., Ohio; in 1843, he came with his parents to Illinois; in 1868, came to Jones Co., 
Iowa; he owns 195 acres of land. Married Miss M. R. Shields in 1866; she was 
born in Illinois; have three children — Ella, Ada and Cora. He enlisted, in 1861, in 
Co. F, 57th 111. V. I. ; served to the end of the war ; participated in the battles of 
Shiloh, siege of Corinth and others; he has been for the past eight years School 
Director ; Reoublican ; Baptist. 

OEORi^E W. DAVIS, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Lisbon; he was born 
Dec. 23, 1844, in Ireland; came to Philadelphia in 1853 ; Oct. 19, 1856, he came to 
Jones Co.; he owns 185 acres of land. Married Miss Anis Jones Sept. 16, 1868; she 
was born in Lawrence Co., Ind., in 1850 ; they have five children — Thomas W., Henry 
E., Lottie J., George W. and Ira Lincoln. He enlisted in 1861 in Co. I, 2d I. V. C. ; 
served to the end of the war; participated in the siege of Corinth, siege of Vicksburg, 
Nashville, Atlanta, Hurricane Creek and others. 

F. DOIJBEX3IIER, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born March 
20, 1831, in Germany; in 1833, he came with his parents to Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 
1868, came to Jones Co.; he owns 371 acres of land. Married Lovina Amspogh Nov. 
23, 1855; she was born in Hocking Co., Ohio; have eleven children — Amelia, Jacob, 
Louis, Daniel, Elmer, William, Albert, Samuel, John, Ephraim and 3Iatilda. 

JAMES I>U:^CAX, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Viroqua ; born Aug. 10, 1810, 
in Perthshire, Scotland. In 1839, came to Ohio; in 1854, he came to Jones Co. ; he 
owns 181 acres of land. Married Agnes Marshall in 1837 ; she was born in Perthshire, 
Scotland ; have four children — William F., Lawrence, James and Peter. Is President 
of School District No. 1 ; enlisted in 1861 in Co. H, 14th I. V. I. ; was taken prisoner 
at the battle of Shiloh April 6, 1862; was discharged in February, 1863. W. F. and 
Lawrence served also in the late war. 

JOHN FINXIGA]^, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Martelle ; born June 22, 1828, 
in Philadelphia. In 1856, he came West and engaged in railroading; he returned, in 
1857, to Philadelphia ; he enlisted in 1861 in the three-months' call in the city troops, 
then re-enlisted in the 5th Penn. V. C. ; served three years, and was honorably dis- 
charged ; he then came to Jones Co. ; he now owns 227 acres of land. Married Mary A. 
Courtney in 1866 ; she was born in Delaware Co., Penn. ; have one child — Anna. 

SOION ORAUEL, farmer. Sec. 26; P. 0. Mechanicsville; born Feb. 17, 
1827, in Fairfield Co., Ohio. In 1848, came to Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 165 acres 
of land. Married Rhoda Miller in 1849; she was born in Fairfield Co., Ohio.; have 
five children — Levi M., Eliza Jane, Romancy, Mary Julia and Chauncy D. Has been 
President of the School Board, Township Treasurer, etc. ; Democrat ; Lutheran Church. 

^. J. HAKES, of the firm of Leonard & Hakes, general merchandise, Mar- 
telle ; he was born Oct. 17, 1829, in Chenango Co.,N. Y. In 1847, he came to Jones 
Co. ; he also owns seventy-seven acres of land ; he commenced business here with Mr. 
Leonard in 1876. Married Phebe J. Rundall in 1854; she was born in New York 
City; they have six children — Nancy E., Montague, Addison, James, Hattie and Ella. 
Has been Justice (>f the Peace, and has held various township oflBces. 

FRANK HOFFMAN, of the firm of Hoffman ct Blackledge, general mer- 
chandise, ^lartelle ; he was born May 12, 1849, in Switzerland. In 1852, he came to 
Scott Co., Iowa ; in 1872, he came to Martelle and commenced his present business, 
which was the first store opened in Martelle; he continued it till 1875, when the firm 
changed to Hoffman & Rlackledge. Married Sophia Paulstian in February, 1869; she 
was born in 1851 in Holstein, and died in 1872. Second marriage to Mary Paulstian 
in 1873 ; she was born in Davenport, Iowa; have two children — Cora B. and Clara M. 
Has been for the past two years Township Collector. 

BENJAMIN JOYNER, proprietor of hotel, Martelle ; born Oct. 11, 1816, 
in Clarksburg, Mass. In 1820, he came to New York with his parents ; in 1854, came 
to Iowa; in 1869, he came to Jones Co. ; he owns fifty-five acres of land, also property 
in the village. Married Miss Zilpha Weeks March 10, 1840 ; she was born in Cortland 
Co., N. Y., May 28, 1817 ; have five children, all deceased. Republican ; Baptist. 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 587 

AMOS KOHL, fiirraer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Meclianicsville ; born Oct. 18, 1832, 
in Berks Co., Peno. In 1851, came to Wisconsin; in 1861:, he came to his present 
owns -120 aeres of land. Married Maria Grim in 1853; she was born in Center Co., 
Penn., in 1835 ; had eleven children, nine living — Mary, Henry, William Annetta, 
Lewis, Emma, Tena. Charles and Mena. 

ADAM KRUMROY, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born July 
4, 1847, in Summit Co., Ohio; in 1875, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; owns 120 acres 
of land. Married Lydia Kohl in February, 1876; she was born in Jones Co.; they 
have two children — Clemma J. and an infant not named. He is Secretary of the 
School Board. Democrat ; German Reformed. 

Cir. W. liAMB, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Viroqua ; born March 1, 1837, in 
Fairfield Co., Oliio ; in 1842, he came with his parents to Jones Co. He owns 120 
acres of land, entered by his father. Married Eliza Freeman in 1863 ; she was born 
in Indiana ; have four children — Edward, Mary Belle, William and Perlie. His 
father was born in Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 1812, and died in 1851. 

W. P. JLEONARD, of the firm of Leonard & Hakes, general merchandise, 
Martelle ; born Oct. 2, 1847, in Mercer Co., 111.; in 1851, came to Linn Co., Iowa, 
with his parents. In 1873, he commenced selling goods for George W. Wilson, and in 
1876 commenced the present firm. He enlisted, in 1864, in the Signal Service, in the 
School of Instruction, and remained until 1867. Married Ettie Newland in 1871 ; she 
she was born in New York ; have three children — Jessie M., Harry W. and Otto D. 
Mr. Leonard is Secretary of the School Board, and has been since its organization. He 
is a Republican ; Mrs. Leonard is a member of the Presbyterian Church. 

A. D. McCONAlJGHY, fiirmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0._ Martelle ; born June 29 

1837, in Washington Co., Penn. In 1842, he came with his parents to Delaware Co. 
Ohio ; in March, 1856, he came to Jones Co. Owns 107 acres of land. Married Miss 
M. A. Ernsbarger in December, 1861 ; she was born in Hancock Co., Ohio ; have 
four children — Herbin S., George W., Clarence E. and Clinton J. Has been School 
Director about six years. Democrat. 

HEXRY MATTHIESEN, saloon and billiards, Martelle; born Jan. 8, 

1838, in Germany; in 1867, came to Clinton Co., Iowa; thence to Scott Co.; in 1873, 
came to Martelle. Married Miss D. Nitsch in 1869 ; she was born in Germany in 
1845 ; have four children — Bernhard, Harry, Laura and Rudolph. 

GEORGE METTEE, of the firm of Mettee & Dragoo, blacksmiths, Mar- 
telle ; born May 11, 1845, in Miami Co., Ind.; in 1874, he came to Martelle. Mar- 
ried Mary McWilliams Jan. 29, 1869; she was born in Ohio; have three children — 
Ollie, Amey and Harry. Enlisted, in 1861, in Company; B, 11th Ind. Y. I., and 
served till the end of the war ; he participated in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Don- 
elson, Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Port Gibson, Baton Station, Champion Hills and 
Athens. 

E. V. MILrliER, farmer. Sec. 25; P. 0. Viroqua; born Feb. 22, 1824, in 
Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 1843, he came to Jones Co., Iowa. Owns 170 acres of land. 
Married Susan Granel in 1847 ; she was born in 1826 in Fairfield Co., Ohio, and died 
in September, 1855 ; have four children — T. J., G. G., Anna Mary and Flecia ; second 
marriage to Elizabeth Barnard in November, 1856; she was born in New York; had 
eight children, seven living — Sarah E., Henry H., Charles L., Estelle V., Kenneth D., 
and an infant not named ; lost one son in September, 1876, aged 17 years. Has been 
a Magistrate for the past twenty-three years ; was elected County School Fund Com- 
missioner in 1853, and served two years ; has been Assessor five terms. Enlisted, in 
1861, in Company F, 13th I. V. I., and served till the end of the war. Democrat. 

ELIJ^HA MILl^ER, farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. O. Mechanicsville ; born Dec. 
14, 1823, in Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 1854, he came to Jones Co.; he owns 120 acres 
of land, and it is the best-conducted farm in the county, for which he was awarded a 
diploma, dated Monticello, Sept. 4, 1874. He married xMiss Amelia Spohr in 1848; 
she was born in Bucks Co., Penn., May 27, 1827 ; had two children, both deceased. 
Democrat ; LuthA'an. 



588 BIOGKAPIIICAL SKETCHES: 

C. T. ]M[IRI€K, farmer, Sec. 9; P. 0. Martelle ; born April 29, 1839, in 
Otsego Co., N. Y.; in 1862, he came to Jones Co. He owns 247 acres of land. Mar-, 
ried Miss Theresa Feet in 1864; she was born in Jones Co.; have two children — 
Arthur E. and Hobert D. Republican. 

C MOHN, farmer, Sec. 22; P. 0. Lisbon ; bora June 25, 1825, in Germany; 
in 1856, came to Pennsylvania ; in 1871, came to Jones Co. He owns 100 acres of 
land. Married Eliza Rick in 1852 ; she was born in Germany ; have four children — 
William, Philip, John and Mena. 

J. S. MIJRFIELD, flirmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Viroqua ; born Oct. 4, 1825, 
in Franklin Co., Ohio ; in 1850, came to Jones Co., Iowa. Owns 365 acres of land ; 
eighty acres of this he entered, and has made all the improvements on this farm. Mar- 
ried Elizabeth A. Bancroft in March, 1840 ; she was born in Union Co., Ohio ; have 
eight children — Richard B., Delmar F., Charles W., Caroline M., Claudius James, 
Mary L., Hattie A. and John B. Has been Constable, Township Trustee, Assessor, etc. 

C. A. XEWMAX, farmer, Sec. 2; P. 0. Viroqua; born July 23, 1832, in 
Richland Co., Ohio ; in 1852, cames to Jones Co. He owns 105o- acres of land. Mar- 
ried Catharine Stover in 1854; she was born in Pennsylvania; have sis children — 
Mary E., Nancy, Stephen A. D., Squire, Savilla L. and Terresa M.; lost — Ada Elvira, 
inl876, aiied 14 years. 

€. W. OR^SBY, Postmaster, Martelle; born Feb. 17, 1819, in Concord, 
Mass.; when a child, he came to New Hampshire with his parents ; he afterward returned 
to Boston and was apprenticed to the cabinet-maker's trade ; here he remained till the 
age of 21, when he came to Lamoille Co., Yt., remaining there three years, then came 
to Iowa. He owns seventy-five acTes of land ; he laid out the town of Martelle, and 
formerly owned the land the village now stands on. Married iMiss M. A. Brown in 
November, 1843 ; she was born in New Boston, N. H., in 1823 ; they have one son — 
Charles H. Was appointed Postmaster in 1872. 

A. .1. PACKARD, agent and operator of the C, M. & St. P. R. R, and 
agent of the Amerscan Express Co., Martelle; he was born Nov. 4, 1857, in Winne- 
bago Co., 111.; in 1878, he came to his present position; he has been engaged in the 
railroad business for the past four years. Married Miss E. Arnold in 1879 ; she was 
born in Jones Co , Iowa. 

HEXRY PARKER, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born Feb. 
16, 1839, in Union Co., Penn.; when a child, he came with his parents to Ohio; in 
1871, he came to his present tarra. He owns 166 acres of land. Married Miss B. C. 
Zickgraf in 1867 ; she was born in Cleveland ; have four children — Ulysses G., Ionia 
F., /Varon S. and Charles. He enlisted in 1865 in Co. G, 160th Ohio V. I.; served to 
the end of the war. Republican. 

E. G. PEET, farmer. Sec. 15; P. 0. Martelle ; born Oct. 13, 1845, in Jones 
Co., Iowa. He owns 193 acres of land; 140 acres of this was entered by his father. 
Married Oriana Chapin Dec. 19, 1867 ; she was born in Cortland Co., N. Y.; have five 
children— Harry L., Glenn A., Claud G., CoUis S. and Earl. Has held about all the 
township offices. Republican. 

€}II>EOX N. PEET, deceased, was born Sept. 2, 1814, in Cortland Co., 
N. Y.; in 1839, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; he died Oct. 25, 1861. He married 
Miss Cordelia 0. Wilcox March 29, 1840 ; they had four children, three of whom are 
living — Theresa Y. (now Mrs. Charles Mirick), Eber G. and Adelbert C; lost — Collins 
S., in 1864, aged 23 years. Mrs. Peet owns about two hundred and fifty acres of land 
on Sec. 16; P. O. Martelle. 

DAVID REESE, fiirmer, Sec. 5; P. 0. Fairview ; born Jan. 13, 1855, in 
Greenfield Township, Jones Co. He owns 130 acres of land, entered by his father in 
1850. 3Lirried Miss A. M. Waggoner May 3, 1877 ; she was born in Jones Co., 
Iowa; they have one child — Fannie A. His father was a native of Wales, and came 
to Jones Co., Iowa, in 1842. 

R. G. ROBINSOX, stock and grain, Martelle ; he was born Dec. 9, 1839, 
in Bradford Co., Penn ; when a boy, he came with parents to Wisconsin ; in 1876, 



GREENVIEW TOWNSHIP. 589 

came to Martelle ; he has been engaged in this business for the past thirteen years. Mar- 
ried Miss F. A. Hill in 18G7 ; she was born in Bangor, Me.; they have three children 
— William, Kate L. and an infant not named. Democrat. 

H. C. SCOTT, farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born Dec. 22, 1832, 
in Montgomery Co., Ind.; in 1837, came to Pioneer Grove, Cedar Co., Iowa, with his 
parents ; in 1858, he came to his present farm. He owns 332 acres of land. Married 
Miss Maria Todd in 1858; she was born in Ohio ; have six children — Eva Jane, 
Francis, Olive I., Henry W., Blanche and Bertha. Democrat. 

M. I^HOlilllAKJiiR, physician and surgeon, Martelle; he was born Sept. 
17, 1846, in Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 1858, came to Linn Co.; December, 1874, 
he removed to Martelle ; he commenced the study of medicine in 1869, with Dr. 
Coates, of Clarence, Iowa ; graduated at the Rush Medical College, Chicago, February, 
1873 ; he first practiced at Stanwood, Iowa, then received a commission to practice in the 
Indian Department of the civil service at Fort Hall Indian Agency ; this he resigned 
on account of sickness. Married Miss Mary Hoey in 1873 ; she was born in Colum- 
biana Co., Ohio, April, 1850 ; they have one child — Oliver H. The Doctor is County 
Physician for Greenfield Township. 

S. W. STEAR^'S, former. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Lisbon ; he was born January, 
1825, in Wayne Co., Penn.; in the fall of 1856, he came to Jones Co.; he owns 120 
acres of land. Married Miss Elizabeth Aten in 1851 ; she was born in Luzerne Co., 
Penn., in 1827 ; have three children — Earl B., who has charge of and manages this 
farm ; Addie and Charles W. Republican. 

J. W. STERLING, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Viroqua ; born April 10, 1811, 
in Fairfield Co., Ohio ; in 1843, came to Jones Co.; owns 174 acres of land, which he 
entered. Married Catharine Granel Oct. 28, 1834; she was born Sept. 18, 1813, in 
Fairfield Co., Ohio ; had ten children ; three living — William R., Daniel G. and 
Lomeda C; his son George enlisted in 1861, in Co. B, 9th I. V. I., died at Forsyth, 
Mo., June, 1862. Has been Justice of the Peace and School Director. Republican. 

R. STEPHENS, farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Martelle; born Aug. 28, 1824, in 
Knox Co., Ohio; in 1866, he came to Jones Co.; owns 270 acres of land. Married 
Miss M. A. Herring in 1845 ; she was born in England in 1824; had eight children ; 
seven living— W. K., L. 0., N. R., W. A., E. K., F. D. and R. S.; lost Lucretia in 1855, 
aged 4 years. Whan in Ohio, served as a recruiting agent during the war. Republican. 

EDWIN E. TATHWELL, druggist and assistant Postmaster, Martelle ; 
born Sept. 16, 1845, in Rahway, N. J. ; in 1857, came to Ohio with his parents; in 
1865, came to present locality. In 1878, he commenced the drug business. Married 
Miss Josie McKean Oct. 1, 1871 ; she was born in Linn Co.; have two children — Roy 
and Gracie. He enlisted, in 1862, in Co. A, 96th Ohio V. I.; was discharged 
March 10, 1864, on account of wounds received in his right arm at the battle of Carrion 
Crow, La., for which he receives a pension ; participated in the battles of Vicksburg, 
Arkansas Post, Port Hudson, Raymond, Jackson, Miss., Champion Hills, Black River, 
siege of Vicksburg, siege of Jackson and others ; was transferred to Vicksburg to the 
Gulf Department. 

WIIiLIAM VANDERBILT, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; 
born Feb. 27, 1827, in Albany Co., N. Y.; in 1854, he came to Jones Co.; he owns 
127 acres of land. Married Sarah Jewett in 1848 ; she was born in Albany Co., N. Y.; 
have five children — Emma (now Mrs. Zimmerman), John, Ella (now Mrs. Scott), Jessie 
and Willie. Republican. 

DU ANE ZIMMERMAN, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born 
in March, 1822, in Berks Co., Penn.; in 1855, he came to Jones Co. He owns 307 acres 
of land, which he entered. He has one of the best improved farms in the township, 
all the improvements have been made by himself, and by strict attention to business, has 
acquired a competence. Married Susan Kohl in February, 1841 ; she was born in 
Bucks Co., Penn., in 1820; have seven children — John, Henry, Nancy (now Mrs. 
Melton), Elizabeth (now Mrs. Blessing), Susan (now Mrs. Dr. Bradshaw), Emma (now 
Mrs. Saum), Ella (now Mrs. Peet). Greenbacker ; United Brethren. 



590 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 



OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 

VAELAX BAL.IIEK, farmer, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
Europe in 1826 ; came to America in 1869 : settled in Jones Co.; has now eighty acres. 
His wife, Julia Easj'check, was born in Europe in 1814 ; married, in the old country, in 
1857, and have two children — Annie (now 5lrs. Millemack ; lives in Clinton Co.), Joe 
and Mar)'. In politics, Democrat ; reliirion, Catholic. 

VIET BLIZEK, farmer, Sec. 11; P. 0. Oxford Junction; born in 
Bohemia in 1853 ; came to America in 1871, and stopped in Chicago, and then 
came to Jones Co., and now owns 110 acres. His wife, Annie Wasoba, was born in 
Bohemia in 1854 ; came to America in 185-4 ; settled in Jackson Co.; she is a daugh- 
ter of Frank Wasoba; married in 187G ; had one child, who died in 1878. In politics, 
Democrat; in religion, liberal Protestant. 

1j. D. CARLTON, blacksmith, Oxford Mills ; born in Rensselaer Co., N. 
Y., in 18)5, and came to Iowa in 1859. His first wife, Ann Eliza Hunt, was born 
in Erie, N. Y., and died in about two years after marriage, leaving one child, Edwin, 
who enlisted in the United States Regular Army, 1st Battery, and was on the Star of 
the West at the time of the attempted impressment of Fort Sumter ; served five years, 
and received an honorable discharge ; died at the age of 34. His second wife, Frances 
C. Whitney, was born in Sullivan Co.. N. H., in 1832, and moved to New York, and 
then to Iowa, in the fall of 1857, and married in the spring of 1863, and has two 
children living — Effie S. and Harry. He enlisted, in August, 1861, in the 9th I. V. I., 
and was mustered out in December, 1862. Has been Justice of the Peace and Town- 
ship Clerk. Is a Republican and Universalist in religion. 

SAMUEL COOX, farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Oxford Junction; born in 
Ohio in 1820; came to Illinois in 1847, to Piatt Co., and remained until 1849, and, 
in 1849, came to Iowa, and settled in Jones Co. ; entered eighty and now owns 280 
acres, and has made all the improvements ; he has built the house and barn ; did the 
carpenter work all himself. His wife, Mirah Walston, was born in Ohio in 1829, and 
married in 1842, at Williamsport, Ohio, and have had twelve children; the living are 
Norton J., Lucinda, Josiah, Emily, Jane (died in 1858), Albert, Mai'ion, Annie (died 
in 1868), William, Elmer, Elizabeth (died in 1868), Charlie A. Has been Township 
Trustee and Supervisor. In politics. Republican, and religion, Lutheran. 

ENOS T. ELDRED (deceased), farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born 
in New York June 10, 1831, and came to Iowa, in 1863, and entered, and now owns, 
eighty acres ; he made all the improvements ; held the ofiice of School Director, and 
graduated at Cooperstown, N. Y. ; died July 4, 1872. His wife. Pollen E. Atwood, 
was born in Illinois March 10, 1847 ; married Jan. 14, 1862. Mrs. E. still carries on 
the farm, as directed by her husband ; they had four children — Edgar E., Everett M., 
William L. and Harry. Bertie Bell 3Iorton. adopted in 1879. 

WANCAL ELECK, farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
Europe in 1813 ; came to America in 1855, and settled in Jones Co., and bought and 
now owns seventy-five acres, and built the house and made all the improvements on the 
place. His wife, Annie Tomshak, was born in Europe in 1822 ; married, in the old 
country, in 1846, and had three children — George, John and Mary; John is married 
to Fannie Crowlick. In politics, Democrat ; in religion. Catholic. 

D. FEROUSON, dealer in general stock ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
Andes, Delaware Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; engaged for ten years in mercantile business 
East, and removed to Iowa in 1869, and settled in Clarence, and formed a partnership 
with Simmons, Hanna & Ferguson, and, in 1875, opened the first store in Oxfoi'd 
Junction. His wife, Miss Margaret Richmond, was born in New York City in 1835, 



J 



OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 593 

married, in 18G6, in New York State, and have two children living — Ward and Agnes B. 
Lost one, Cora D., at the age of 5 months, while at Clarence. In politics, a Repub- 
lican, and for fifteen years has been an active member of the Methodist Church. 

Ci^EORC^E FIELD, farmer, Sec. 32; P. 0. Oxford Mills; born in Xew 
York in 1829 ; came to Michigan and remained one year, then to Iowa, and settled in 
Cedar Co., and then, in 1863, to Jones Co. He enlisted in February, ISG-t, in the 
11th N. Y. V. C, and was mustered out July 21, 1865, at Memphis, Tenn. 
He now owns 120 acres. His wife, Lydie M. Terell, was born in Bradford Co., Penn., 
in lSl-1, and settled in Jones Co., Iowa, in 1853 ; they were married Oct. 3, 1865, and 
have four children — Charles H., George C, Lydie M. and Willie C. Politics, Repub- 
lican ; religion. Advent. 

NOBLE R. HAGAR, ftu-mer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Oxford Mills; was born in 
Bradford Co., Penn., in 1824, and came to Jones Co. at an early day and bought eighty 
acres, and at the present time owns 500 acres, and has made all the improvements, built 
a fine house and barn and good fences. His wife, Hannah E. Terrell, was born in 
Bradford Co., Penn., in 1827 ; they were married in 1852 ; have eight children, seven 
living — Milo M., Mary E. (now Mrs. Drakej, Ida M. (now Mrs. Hammond), Theda 
A., Rosa J., Ellen M., Esther M. ; Frederick M. died Sept. 21, 1878, Mr. H. has 
held the offices of School Director and Superintendent. Politics, Repubhcan ; religion, 
Wesleyan Methodist. 

AXDREW HANS, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; was born in 
Bavaria in 1831, and came to America in 18-19 ; settled in New York and worked on a 
farm for five years, then went to New York City and worked at the cabinet-making 
business; from there to Lee Co., 111., and remained four months, and, in 1855, came to 
Hale Township, Jones Co., with nothing but a span of horses and a wagon, and 
bought forty acres of Walston, then sold and came to Oxford Township and bought the 
first forty acres of Mr. Wherry, forty from Mr. Ira Carter, then eighty of Mr. Moor, 
then eighty of Charles Whitler, and sixty-five acres of timber of Bennett, and now 
owns over three hundred acres, which has l3een paid for by the hard labor of Mr. Hans, 
who has made all the improvements, and this is one of the finest stock farms in this 
county, as there is a stream of water flowing through four of the forty. His wife, 
Mary Schab, was born in Germany in 1833, and came to America in 1852 ; she settled 
in New York, then came to Illinois; she was married in Lee Co. in 1855, at Dixon, 
and died Dec. 27. 1876; they have buried three children — Nettie, Henry and Ettie ; 
have six living — Mary, Amelia, George. Andrew, Carrie and Elmer. Mr. H. has held 
the ofiices of Town Trustee and School Director. Politics, Republican ; religion, Evan- 
gelical Lutheran. 

SMADRACH HAMMOND, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Clarence ; ^born in 
New Jersey in 1831. and moved to Ohio in 18-13, and remained there until 1855, then 
came to Iowa in the spring of 1855 and settled in Jones Co.. bought fifty acres, and 
now owns 232. His wife, Emeline Kimbell, was born in New Jersey in 1834, and 
came west to Ohio in 1836, and married, in Ohio, in 185-1 ; they have three children 
living — Virgil, Edgar and Mary, and three deceased — David, Elmer and Sarah. Mr. 
Hammond has been School Director and Road Superintendent several times. Politics, 
Democrat ; religion, Wesleyan Methodist. 

MORRIS B. HALL, dealer in live stock, Oxford Mills; was born at Anti- 
och. Lake Co., 111., in 1846 ; came to Iowa in 1876, and engaged in the present busi- 
ness. His wife, Maggie Battin, was born in Du Page Co., 111., in 1854, and was 
married Jan. 1, 1873; they have one child — Morris Howard. Politics, Republican; 
religion, Methodist. 

GEORGE HALN, flirmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; was born in 

Mercer Co., Penn., in 1832 ; came to Iowa in 1856, settled in Jackson Co. until 1869, 

when he moved to Jones Co., on the present place, and made all the improvements. 

His wife, Elizabeth Paup, was born in Mercer Co., Penn., in 1837 ; came to Iowa in 

1851, and was married in 1862, at Maquoketa, Jackson Co.; they have two children — 

Carrie and Daniel. Mr. H. has been School Director three years. He enlisted in the 

p 



594 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

2d I. V. C in 1861, and was mustered out in 1863, at Davenport, Iowa; he was in 
the battles of Corinth, luka, and all of the engagements in Northern Mississippi. 

\, X. HENAK, physician and surgeon, Oxford Junction ; born in Bohemia 
in 1842 ; came to America in 1859, settled in Iowa City and remained about three 
years, when he came to Oxford Junction, in 1873 ; he attended lectures at Rush Col- 
lege, in Chicago; also at Keokuk, Iowa, and graduated in 1878; has been practicing 
since at the Junction. His wife, Mary Struerben, was born in Germany in 18-19 ; she 
came to America in 1860, and settled at Iowa City; was married in 1867, and they 
have three children — Mamie, Lillie and Eddie. Mr. Henak was in the employ of the 
United States Government, as hospital steward at Robinson Hospital, at Davenport, dur- 
ino- the war. Politics, Democrat ; religion. Liberal. 

D, C. HUBOARD, dealer in lumber, lath, shingles, sash, doors and blinds, 
Oxford Junction ; born in Chatham, Medina Co., Ohio, in 1851, and came to Iowa 
Oct. 7, 1375, and engaged in teaching school until the spring of 1878, when he engaged 
in the present business ; owns town property. His wife, Ellen J. Bryan, was born in 
Buffalo Township, Linn Co., in 1849; married in September, 1877, "and have one 
child — Ford Archie. In politics, a Republican, and in religion, Methodist. 

C .JACOBSEN, restaurant and billiards, Oxfurd Mills; born in Denmark 
in 1842 ; came to America in 1869 ; went to Wisconsin, then to Indiana, and then to 
Iowa in 1878 and settled at Oxford Mills. He owns his town property. His wife, 
Julia Landon, was born in Ireland in 1848, and came to America in 1849 and settled 
in Indiana; married May 20, 1878, and have one child — Edward C. 

W. P. LrANtiJAlV, blacksmith, Oxford Mills; born in Ireland in 1835, and 
came to Amer'^.i in 1845, landing in Canada, and settled in Jennings Co., Ind., in 
1845, and remained there until 21 and learned his trade, when he went to Missouri in 
May, 1856, and remained until February, 1857 ; then, in the latter part of February, 
1857, went to Davenport, Iowa, and stayed there until September; then went to Clin- 
ton Co., Iowa ; then to Cedar Co. in November, 1857, and remained there until Octo- 
ber, 1859, when he came to Oxford Mills. In 1861, he enlisted in the 14th I. V. I.; 
was transfered to the 41st I. V. I., and then to the 7th I. V.' C,; and was mustered out 
Feb. 11, 1864; was on the frontier most of the time with the Indians. He owns 
eighty acres in Missouri and property in Oxford Mills. His wife was born in New 
York in 1838 ; came to Indiana and then to Iowa in 1857 ; was married to Bridget 
Welch in 1859, at Davenport, Iowa; they have seven children living — Mary L., Efl&e 
G., Lillie A., Thomas E., Herbert W., Ettie and Katie. In politics, Democrat, and in 
religion. Catholic. 

T. M. LilXDSE Y, proprietor of hotel and livery, Oxford Junction ; born in 
Ohio, in 1850 ; came to Iowa in the fall of 1865, and settled in Jones Co., and now is 
the owner of the hotel and livery stable at Oxford Junction, and a hotel where the 
traveler can find the best of accommodations. His wife, Mary A. Henry, was born in 
Pennsylvania in 1854 ; came to Iowa when quite young, and was employed as a teacher 
at the age of 16 ; married Dec. 13, 1877. Is at the present time Trustee and Consta- 
ble. In politics. Democrat, and in religion, United Presbvterian. 

GEORGE W. L. ATHROP, farmer and stock-dealer. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Oxford Mills; born in Fremont Co., Ohio, in 1838 ; came to Scott Co., Iowa, in 1840, 
and moved to Jones Co. in 1857, and, in company with Mr. A. Conright, built the 
Oxford Mills in 1858. He owns 700 acres at the present time ; his farm is one of the 
finest and kept in the best order, and the improvements of the most substantial kind of 
any in Jones Co. Mr. Lathrop was a member of the Sixteenth General Assembly of 
Iowa. He was married in 1860 to Miss Millie Noble, of Clinton Co., N. Y., by the 
Rev. A. E. Aldrich ; they have two children — Frank and James Howard. In politics, 
Republican, and in religion, liberal. 

S. F. McDOXALiD, proprietor of Oxford Mills, Oxford Mills; born in 
Ireland in 1838; came to America in 1856, and settled near Monmouth, 111.; was 
employed as miller until 1862, when he enlisted in Co. A, 93d 111. V. I., at Rock 
Island, as Second Lieutenant ; was promoted to First Lieutenant and mustered out at 






OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 595 

Washington, D. C, in 18G5. At the close of the war, he returned to Bigssville, 111., 
where he boaght the mill known as the Biggsville Mills ani remainel until 1874, when 
he sold out and went to California, for one year, when he returned and bought the 
Oxford Mills for SI (3,000, of Samuel Blair, and has made improvements of the most 
substantial kind, until the mill stands second to none in lowa. At a large expense, he 
built one mile levee to make the adjoining land arable and have full use of the water ; 
also built a new dam. His wife, Miss Catharine Carson, was born Aug. 27, 1845, in 
Indiana; married at Rock Island in 1865. In politics, Republican; liberal in religion. 

JOSEPH IIIRAIIR, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction; born in 
Bohemia in 1831 ; came to America in 1861, and remained four years in Chicago; 
in 1866, came to Jones Co., Iowa, and now owns 120 acres, and is building a fine 
house and making fine improvements on the place. His wife, Annie Sheamonek, was 
born in Bohemia in 1828 ; married in 1861 , and came immediately to America ; have eight 
children living ; five boys and three girls. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Catholic. 

E. D. MORTON, restaurant and billiards, Oxford Mills; born in New 
Hampshire in 1835, and came to Cedar Co. in 1843, and remained until 1845; moved 
to Oxford Mills in 1870, and engaged in grain business; enlisted, in August, 1862, in 
the 26th I. V. I. ; discharged for disability in October, 1864; engaged in the battles of 
Arkansas Post and Duvall's Bluff. His wife, Harriet Cave, was born in Ohio in 1835, 
and came West in 1852 ; married in 1859, and have had five children — Ellen (now 
Mrs. Forepangh), Ezra (died in 1872 • Malinda A., Eliza, Rosa. 

BERT NOWACHEK, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
Europe in 1857 ; came to America in 1859. Married Oct. 10, 1877; have one child — 
Josephine, 1 year old; born Nov. 10, 1879. In politics, Democrat; religion. Catholic. 

JOXAS OYERHOLT, farmer. Sec. 3; P. 0. Wyoming; born Oct. 2, 
1828, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; in 1855, he came to Jones Co. ; owns 165 acres land. 
Married Sarah Means in 1850 ; she was born in 1830, in Pennsylvania; died in 1864 ; 
had five children — Frank, Antoinette, Ira, Owen and Sigel. Second marriage to Min- 
erva Walston in 1871 ; she was born in Ohio. He has been Secretary and now Treas- 
urer of the School Board. 

JOSEPH PAWEL.KA, former. Sec. 14; P. 0. Oxford Junction; bora 
in Austria in 1843; came to America in 1854, and settled in Jones Co., and owns 160 
acres, and this season has built a fine house and large barn ; the improvements are of 
the substantial kind. His wife, Adelia Morvace, was born in Austria in 1847 ; came 
to America in 1857, and settled in Jackson Co. ; married in 1866, and have four chil- 
dren — Joseph P.. Frankie, Annie, Emmond. In politics. Republican ; in religion, 
Catolic. Mr. Pawelka enlisted July 20, 1861, in the 26th I. V. I.; mustered out in' 
1863 ; engaged at the battle of Arkansas Post, and was wounded in the leg; has been 
School Director and Road Supervisor for a number of years. 

T. D. PROSSER, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in War- 
ren Co., N. Y., in 1834 ; came to Illinois at the age of 8, and settled in Lee Co., and 
remained about two years ; from there to Maquoketa, Iowa, and there about two years, 
when he came to this place in 1856 and entered 160 acres, which he now owns, and 
made all the improvements, a fine house, barn and fences. His wife, Sarah Chase, was 
born in Ohio in 1850, and came to Iowa at an early day, and married in 1871 in Jack- 
son Co.; have three children — Saphronia, Addie, Rena. In politics, Republican; in 
religion, liberal. 

RALPH REAMER, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Oxford Mills; born in New 
York in 1834; came to Cedar Co. in 1854, remained until 1860, and then to Jones 
Co., and now owns 135 acres; when he bought the land, it was wild, and he has made 
the improvements of a fine house and barn, with fences and farm in the best of order. 
His wufe, ■ Clarissa Brink, was born in Bradford Co., Penn., in 1831; came West to 
Iowa and settled in Cedar Co. in 1855, and married in 1856 ; they have two children — 
Ciesely A. and Elvira M. Has been School Director and District Treasurer; in relig- 
ion, AVesleyan Methodist; he e ilisted in September, 1861, in the 14th I. V. I., and 
transferred to the 7th I. V. C, and mustered out June 23, 1866. 



596 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

EDWARD REXIE, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Oxford Mills ; born in Ohio in 
1826; came to Iowa in 1SG4 ; settled in Jones Co. and bought and now owns forty 
acres. His wife, Bridget Landon, was born in Ireland in 1S29 ; came to America when 
quite young; married in 1849, and have four children — Mary, Ellen (died in 1870), 
Josephine, Bridsct. In politics, Democrat ; in religion, Catholic. 

JOSEPH ROBISOX, farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. Oxford Mills; was born 
in Virginia in 1837 ; came to Ohio in 1846 and remained until 1877, when he came to 
Jones Co. and bought, and now owns forty-one and three-fourths acres, on which he has 
made all of the improvements. His wife, Jennette Cave, was born in Franklin Co., 
Ohio, in 1840, and came to Iowa in 1877 ; they were married May 14, 1855, in Ohio, 
and have three children living — Calvin D., William H. and Laurance B. 

JOSEPH SACORA, manufiicturer of carriages and wagons, Oxford Junc- 
tion ; born in Bohemia in 1847 ; came to America in 1855, settled in Jackson Co., and 
remained until 1866, when he removed to Jones Co. and engaged in farming until 1877, 
when he went to Oxford Junction. He enlisted in 1864, in the 15th I. V. I., and was 
mustered out in 1865 ; was at the battle of Beaufort, S. C, Bentonville, S. C, Savan- 
nah, Gra., and Fort McAllister. His wife, Mary Stepanek, was born in Gi-ermany in 
1854 ; came to America in 1854, settled in Johnson Co., and married in 1869 ; they have 
three children — Dillie Lula, Annie and Joseph. Politics, Republican; religion. Catholic. 

C A. SCHWAB, former. Sec. 4; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in Amboy, 
111., in 1855; came to Iowa in 1860. and owns fifty acres. Politics, Republican; 
religion. Evangelical Lutheran. His wife, Mary E. Walston, was born in Jones Co. in 
1855. and was married May 13, 1879. 

ANTHONY SHEMERDOR, farmer, Sec. 6j P.O.Wyoming; born in 
Europe in 1835; came to America in 1852, and settled in Jackson Co.; remained 
about thirteen years, then came to Jones Co.; owns 260 acres of land, and has built a 
barn 30x62 feet, with all the modern improvements, with a wind-mill, which he uses for 
all the labor about the house. He has been Road Supervisor. His wife, Catherine 
Jabokrcy, was born in Bohemia in 1837 ; came to America in 1854, and settled at 
Cedar Rapids, and was married in 1857 ; they have ten children living — Josejihine, 
Annie, Anthony, John, Mary, Emmie, Henry, Frank, Charlie, Francis and Isabel. 

ALOIS STRATILEK, dealer in general stock, Oxford Junction ; was 
born in Bohemia in 1850 ; came to America and settled at Buffalo, N. Y., in 1867, and 
to Iowa in 1873 ; he opened a store at Oxford Junction in fall of 1873. His wife, Annie 
Pakorny, was born in Bohemia in 1852 ; came to America in 1872, and settled at Buf- 
falo, N. y. ; was married in 1874, at Oxford Junction ; they have four children — 
Annie, Linie, Otto and Augusta. Mr. S. now owns, besides the town property, eighty 
acres in Sec. 29. 

DR. D. E. STREVELLi, dealer in drugs and medicines, Oxford Mills ; 
born in New York in 1849, and came to Iowa in 1871. He was married, in 1867, to 
Miss Julia Rorick, of Jones Co., and has one child — George. Politics, Democrat ; 
religion. Liberal. 

WILLIAM H. THURSTON, carpenter and joiner, Oxford Mills ; was 
born in New York in 1841 ; came to Jones Co. in 1853; he flirmed until 1861, when 
he enlisted in the 14th I. V. I., and was mustered out in October, 1864, at Sioux City, 
Iowa, and returned to Oxford Mills, and is employed a( the mills as carpenter. His 
wife, Helen Rogers, was born in New York in 1843, and came to Iowa in 1854; was 
married in 1865 ; they have four children — Fred E., Oscar W., George H. and Clara 
E. Politics, Republican ; religion. Liberal. He has held the oflSce of Constable three 
years, and also Deputy Sheriff. 

A. S. TRIMBLE, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Monmouth ; born in Monmouth 
Township, Jackson Co., in 1854, and came to Jones Co. in 1856; owns forty acres, 
the old homestead and one of the first settled farms in Jones Co.; the place was bought 
by his father, now a resident of Jackson Co. His wife, Armenia Kegley, was born in 
Virginia; came to Iowa in 1851, and settled in Jones Co.; married in 1866, and have 
two children — James A. and George W. Politics, Republican ; religion, liberal. 



OXFORD TOWNSHIP. 597 

FRAXK IVASOBA, farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
Bohemia in 1832 ; came to America in 1858 ; bought and now owns -435 acres ; made 
all the improvements and has a fine place. His wife, Elizabeth Nottney, was born in 
Bohemia; married in 1854; came to America in 1858; have seven children — Annie 
(now Mrs. Bleasck), Joe, Greorge, Frank, John, Mary and Thressia. In politics. Demo- 
crat ; in religion, liberal. 

MATES B. WASOBA, farmer. Sec. 11; P. 0. Oxford Junction; born 
in Europe in 183'J ; came to America in 18(il ; went to Dubuque and remained about 
four years, and then came to Jones Co. and now owns 130 acres ; has made all the 
improvements ; was in the army in the old country. His wife. Anna Dushnek, was 
born in Europe in 1853, and came to xVmerica in 1858; settled in Jones Co.; married 
in 1866 ; have three children living — Mary, Frank and Francis ; John died July 12, 
1879. Is Road Supervisor for 1879, and Secretary of School Board; in politics, 
Democrat; in religion, Catholic. 

J. T. yVHERRY, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born in Ohio in 1850 ; 
came to Iowa in 1855, and owns 184 acres ; his father, Daniel Wherry, was born in Ohio 
in 1805, and came to Iowa in 1855 and entered 400 acres of land in Clinton Co. ; ia 
1855, he came to Iowa and bought 200 acres; he died in 1862; his wife, Mary 
Bratton, was born in Pennsylvania in 1811 ; married in 1832, and have had eleven 
children — James B., Mary A., Ebenezer D., William, Hannah J., Sarah, Daniel, 
Martha (died in 1858), John T., Elizabeth (now Mrs. Babcock, of Wyoming); Bell 
(now Mrs. Paul, of Oxford Junction). 

<^ILBERT WEEKS, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in 
New York in 1812, and went to Ohio in 1831 and settled in Delaware Co.; remained 
about twenty years, then, in 1865, came to Iowa and settled in Jones Co.; now owns 
105 acres, and has made the improvements. His wife, Eunice Grist, was born in Ohio 
in 1817 ; married in Ohio in 1832, and they have had eleven children, nine living — 
John, Mirah, Mary, Clark, Malona, Sarah, Annie, Jane, Howard, George and Hiller. 
Has been School Director, Road Supervisor and Trustee of the Dimond Church. 

B. H. WIGGINS, blacksmith, Oxford Junction ; born in Ohio in 1840, 
and came to Iowa in the fall of 1860; settled in Tipton, Cedar Co., until 1861, 
when he enlisted in the 5th I. V. I.; was mustered out in 1866, and returned to 
Cedar Co. and then to Wyoming in 1867 ; then to Wheatland, and from there to Craw- 
ford Co., and then returned to Oxford Junction. His wife, Lizzie Organ, was born in 
Pennsylvania in 1846, and came to Clinton Co. in 1862 ; married in 1868, at Wheat- 
land, and have four children living — May, Francis, Joe and Maud. In politics, Repub- 
lican, and liberal in religion. 

WIELIAII WOLF, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Oxford Junction ; born in Hol- 
stein, Germany, in 1840 ; came to America in 1869, to Clinton Co., and remained until 
1873, then came to Chicago, and stayed until 1874; then went to Jones Co., and now 
owns eighty acres. His wife, Charlotte Boro, was born in Pru.ssia in 1825 ; came to 
America in 1869; married in 1871, and have four children — Minnie, JCmma, Henry 
and Mary. In reliaion, Lutheran. 

ALBERT" WOODRASK A, farmer. Sec. 23; P. 0. Oxford Junction; 
born in Bohemia in 1824; came to America in 1853, and settled in Ohio, and stayed 
one year, and then came to Rock Island, 111.; and then to Davenport ; then to Moscow, 
Cedar Co., Iowa ; stayed two years ; then to Jackson Co., and remained six years ; then 
to Jones Co., and has 160 acres, and made all the improvements. His wife, Mary 
Passinger, was born in Bohemia, in 1830. Married in 1849, and have four children — 
Albert, Joseph, Mary, Annie was kicked by a horse and instantly killed about one year 
ago. Democrat in politics ; liberal in religion. 

VINCEXT ZELL.ERS, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Oxford Junction; born 
in Bavaria, in 1824 ; came to America in 1853, and settled in Cincinnati in 1854 ; and 
then to St. Louis in 1854; then to Keokuk, Iowa, until 1860 ; then to Jones Co., and 
now owns 120 acres. He made all the improvements on the place ; has a fine house 
and barn. His wife, EUza Wolf, was born in Germany, at Wurtemberg. in 1829 ; came 



698 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

to America in 1841), and to Iowa in 1860. Married in 1855; have four children — 
Magdalene (died in 1858), Tomi (died in 1871), Vincent (died in 1871), Joseph (now 
living at home). 



WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 

REV. O. E. ALDRICH, County Superintendent of Schools, Wyom- 
ing ; burn Oct. 2!), 1825, in Orleans Co., N. Y. ; when about -4 years of age, came to 
Madison Co., Ohio, with his parents. After attending the Brooklin Academy four terms, 
he attended the Geauga Seminary about five years ; he then traveled as a home mission- 
ary, and graduated in Granville College, Ohio; received the degree of A. M. Previous 
to this he had taught a select school, and was Principal of an academy. He is a Free- 
Will Baptist, having preached seven years in Spencer, Madi.son Co. In 1857, he came 
to Jones Co., and improved a farm of IGO acres. He preached at Central City, Iowa, 
about five years, and erected a very fine church edifice here ; he also raised a Church at 
Clay, Scotch Grove, Hale and Waubeck. He baptized eighty members in one year in 
Hale, where he was also Pastor. He was appointed in 1874 to fill the vacancy as 
County Superintendent of Schools ; afterward elected to this position, which he now 
holds. Married Emma Post in 1851 ; she was born in 1828, in Oneida Co., N. Y. ; 
have three children — Adaline J. (now Mrs. Gilbert), Jennie B. and Lillie May. Repub- 
lican. 

A. E. ALiLiEX, stock-dealer, Wyoming; was born Oct. 5, 1838, in Rutland 
Co., Vt.; in 1857, he came to Jackson Co ; the following year to Wyoming. He 
enlisted in 1802, in Co. K, 24th I. Y. I.; was discharged on account of sickness in 
1863. H(; is one of the oldest stock-dealers in Jones Co. Married Mary M. Gilbert 
Jan. 25, 1864; she was born April 7, 1844; died June 24, 1873; have three sons — 
Charles F., Frank D. and Horace W. Second marriage to Catharine Knight Nov. 7, 
1875 ; she wis born Feb. 16, 1858 ; died Feb. 20, 187U ; have one child — Emma Kate. 
Republican. 

COTTRILL BABCOCK, firmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born Jan. 
22, 1816, in Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; in 1859, he came to Jones Co. He owns eighty- 
three acres of land. Married Martha L. Armstrong in 1838; she was born in 1822, 
in Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; died in 1861 ; have six children — Edgar, C. H., E. M., 
Romine E., Herbert C. and Alice. Second marriage to Mrs. Robin.son in 1864 ; she 
was born in Chenango Co., N. Y. Edgar enlisted in 1862, in Co. K, 24th I. Y. I.; 
served about two years; was discharged on account of physical disability: Republican. 
M. E. Church. 

JOSHUA J. BENDER, blacksmith, Wynming; born June 15. 1844, in 
Columbia Co., Penn.; in 1846, came with his parents to Ohio ; in 1850, to Illinois ; in 
1851, tu Jackson Co., and in 1852, he removed to Jones Co.; he owns his shop and 
property in town ; his father entered 240 acres of land in Madi.son Township, and after- 
ward Sold to S. W. Johnson. He married Luella M. Arnold in 1864; she was born 
in 1847, in New York, and died in 1870 ; have two children — Celiny C. and Harman 
J. ; his second marriage was to Mrs. Ann E. Bender in 1871 ; she was born in New 
York ; they have one child — Laura E. ; she has three children by her former marriage 
— Wm. R., Lulu and Thomas. Republican. 

J. A. BLAKEL.Y% farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Wyoming; born Sept. 16, 
1828, in Genesee Co., N. Y. ; in 1856, he came to Jones Co. ; he owns 202 acres of 
land ; has been Justice of the Peace, Township Trui^tee, etc. He married Caroline R. 
Curti.-s in 1858 ; she was born in New York; they have two children — Hattie M. and 
Ward H. Deniocnit ; number of the 31. K. Church. 

I>R. P. R. BRADSHAW, dentist, office opposite First National Bank, 
Wyoming; was born Sept. 18, 1842, in Delaware Co., Ind. ; in 1846, he came with his 



WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 599 

parents to Cedar Co., Iowa; he commenced the study of dentistry with Dr. P. T. 
Smith, of Burlington, Iowa, in 18G7 ; has been in practice since 1868 ; he removed to 
Wyoming in 1870. He enlisted in 1861, in Co. E, 11th I. V. I., and served to the 
end of the war ; he participated in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, Vicks- 
burg, Atlanta, Savannah and others. He married Miss Susan Zimmerman Sept. 29, 
1870 ; she was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., in 1847 ; they have five children — Jessie 
Lee, Edna May, Wayland C, Duane F. and Susannah. Republican; member of the 
M. E. Church. 

W. J. BRAI^EVARD, Wyoming; was born Sept. 14,1828, in Medina Co., 
Ohio ; in 1854, he came to Wyoming ; he has been engaged in merchandising here 
about fourteen years. He married Jane H. Cady June 29, 1856 ; she was born in 
Lamoille Co., Vt., in 1840 ; they have three children — Sterling, Stanley and Harriet. 
Democrat ; ^lethodist. 

HOORE BRIGGN, fl^rmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Wyoming; was born May 31, 
1832, in Somerset, Ohio; Nov. 1, 1856, he came to Wyoming; owns 160 acres 
of land. He enlisted in 1862, in Co. H, 31st T. V. I., and served to the end of the 
war. He was Postmaster at Wyoming about two -years; resigned in 1870. Married 
Miss Huldah M. Oviatt in 1855 ; she was born May 9, 1836, in Goshen, Litchfield 
Co., Conn., and di<>.d Sept. 20, 1878 ; he has four children— Clara A., Willie E., Wal- 
ter H, and Lena A.; lost Gertie L., aged 18 months. Republican; member of Pres- 
byterian Church. 

JAMEN A. BRONSON, the founder of Wyoming, Jones Co., Iowa ; was 
born Jan. 25, 1825, in Arcadia, Wayne Co., N. Y. ; he is the son of Thomas Bronson 
and Nellie A. Calkins ; his father was son of Capt. Ezra Bronson, of Danbury, Conn., 
and was born in 1793, at the old Bronson homestead in Danbury; his mother was a 
native of Putnam Co., N. Y., and was born in 1794 ; he was a local preacher in the M, 
E. Church, and carried on a small farm ; he was a man of rare probity and deep piety, 
a good neighbor, kind flither and useful citizen ; his wife, now living, was his worthy 
helpmeet for nearly half a century. The subject of this sketch has two brothers — 
Samuel M., who is a M. E. clergyman, and now laboring in Minnesota; Bushnell K. 
is a retired merchant, and is living near his farm in Floyd, Iowa. James A. Bronson 
spent his youth and early manhood amid rural scenes and the rugged duties of farm 
life; when 11 years of age, he, with his parents, removed to Genesee Co., where he 
remained until 1852 ; the county was soon afterward divided, and his hoiiie was 
thereby located in the new county of Wyoming, in memory of which this city, his 
Western home, was christened. On the 1st day of January, 1852, at East Pike, 
Wyoming Co., N. Y., he was married to Miss Henrietta Sartwell, who died at Maquo- 
keta, Iowa, Nov. 25, 1854, leaving one child— Charles S., who died March 4, 1860. 
Mr. Bronson's first mercantile venture was in 1852, at Belfast, Allegany Co., N. Y., 
where he continued about two years, until his removal to Iowa; in 1855, he laid out 
the town of Wyoming, Jones Co., in connection with his brother, B. K. Bronson, and 
C. J. Marsh, both of whom subsequently withdrew from the enterprise, which he car- 
ried on, singiehanded, with energy and ability ; he immediately built a store, and began 
the foundation of his present extensive establishment, which comprises all departments 
of mercantile business ; he has been active and liberal in securing railroad facilities, and 
in promoting all other public improvements ; he was appointed the first Postmaster of 
the town, and retained the position many years. He was married at Binghamton, N. Y., 
Dec. 5, 1860, to Miss Jennie Van Benschoten, who died June 4, 1868, leaving three 
children— John Dillon, born Aug. 27, 1863 ; Arthur J., born Aug. 16, 1866, and 
Ralph E., born Feb. 26, 1868, who died Sept. 4, 1868. Mr. Bronson has been a 
member of the School Board many years ; has held the various town,ship offices and 
the mayoralty of Wyoming, but has never sought or desired political preferment. He 
is a consistent Republican, and, during the rebellion, was a liberal supporter of all 
measures necessary for the defense of the nation and perpetuity of the Union, and he 
had occasion to decline honorable positions in the service of the United States Govern- 
ment. On the 20th of April, 1871, at Mount Vernon, Iowa, he was married to Miss 



600 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Mary Camp, who died Oct. 31, 1877, leaving two children — Rowcna Eloise, born May 
31, 1873, and George G., born Nov. 30, 1874. His oldest son, John Dillon, is in Cor- 
nell College, at Mount Vernon, Iowa ; the other three children are at home. Mr. 
Bronson is still the largest real-estate owner within the city limits. Since 1855. Mr. 
Bronson has been actively identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church ; is present 
Superintendent of the Sabbath school, and several church edifices bear testimony to 
his liberality ; he is a Director in the bank, and he is considered a safe counselor in all 
financial enterprises ; honorable and social, with a spotless record, he stands a true rep- 
resentative of the successful man. 

JOHK BYERL.Y% farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born Aug. 25, 1825, in 
Mercer Co., Penn. ; March IG, 18G5, he came to Jones Co.; he owns 185 acres land. 
Married Catharine Klinginsmith June 1, 1850 ; she was born in March, 1828, in Mer- 
cer Co., Penn. ; had seven children, six living — Florence, Elizabeth, Franklin P., Ida 
B., John H. and Emma J. ; lost Mary E. in 1873, aged 22 years ; member of Christian 
Church. 

E. W. CADY, gardener, Wyoming; he was born Jan. 26, 1813, in Wash- 
ington Co., Vt.; in 1840, came to Ohio; in 1846, to Illinois; in 1854, he came to 
Wyoming ; he owns his house and one and a half acres of land, which is used for 
gardening purposes. Has been Township Trustee and As.sessor. Married Harriet 
Lyman in 1839; she was born in 1811, in Windsor Co., Vt.; have four children — 
Harriet J., Martha A., Lyman E.and Laura E.; Henry enlisted in 1862, in Co. K, 24th 
I. V. I; was drowned at JacLson, Miss., in July, 1863. Lost Mary A., aged 17 years. 
Republican ; M. E. Church. 

31. H. CALKIXS, m. D., the first physician in Wyoming, Iowa ; was born 
Sept. 15, 1828, at Mexico, Oswego Co., N. Y.; his grandfather, James Calkins, was 
from Sharon, Conn.; his father, John Calkins, was born in Eastern New York in 1802, 
and, when a boy, moved with his parents to Oneida Co., N. Y., where he afterward 
married Caroline Halbert, daughter of Asa Halbert, of the same county ; he soon after 
located in Oswego Co., and engaged in farming for half a century, and died at the age 
of 72 years, in 1874; his widow then came to Wyoming, where she now lives at an 
advanced age. Dr. Calkins, the subject of this sketch, attended the district schools of 
his neighborhood, and taught school in the town of Mexico and city of Oswego, from 
the age of 17 to 24, and during that time studied medicine with Drs. Bowen & Dayton, 
of his native town. He attended one course of lectures at Geneva, N. Y., and one at 
the University of New York City ; he commenced the practice of medicine in the spring 
of 1853, at Constantia, Oswego Co., and, after a short time, removed to North Bay, 
Oneida Co., where he was married, Nov. 8, 1855, to Miss Lucinda Louden, daughter 
of Charles Louden. In the spring of 1856, he came West, and, June 14, he located 
v.t Wyoming, Jones Co., Iowa, where he has since resided; he has a large practice in 
the city and surrounding country, which, with the superintendency of his farms, makes 
his life one of constant activity ; for some time he was engaged in the drug trade ; in 
1868, he received the honorary degree of " M. D." from the L'niversity of Iowa ; in 
1862 and 1863, he was one of the State .Commissioners to take the vote of soldiers in 
the field, and, in that capacity, traveled 3,000 miles ; he was the first Mayor of Wyom- 
ing, being the union candidate of all parties ; he has no taste for political office. He 
has two daughters — Elva T., born Nov. 15, 1861, and May A., born Dec. 13, 1865; 
both of these girls are now attending Mount Carroll Seminary, Illinois ; the.se girls 
have neither uncles, aunts or cousins, an unusual circumstance. Politii ally, the Doctor 
was a Democrat until the commencement of the rebellion, from which date he has been 
a loyal Union Republican. His wife is an acceptable member of the Presbyterian 
Church, but the Doctor is an " outside member of all the churches, in (/ood standing." 
He is standard historical authority in this vicinity, and wields a ready pen on general 
topics. Anniversaries and social gatherings, without the Doctor, would be devoid of a 
large element of success. Professionally, competent and f;\ithful ; financially, responsi- 
ble and liberal ; socially, genial and witty ; personally, solid and reliable. The Doctor 
is highly valued as a citizen, a physician, and a friend. 



WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 601 

E. B. CHAMPIilST, school-teacher and farmer ; P. 0. Wyoming ; he was. 
born Oct. 27, 1837, in Schoharie Co., N. Y.; in 1847, he came to Ohio ; in 1868, to 
Wyomino; ; he owns 110 acres of land ; he commenced teaching school in Ohio in 
1868, and has been engaged in this work ever since ; teaches now in winters only ; he 
was elected County Superintendent of Schools for this county in 1872 ; held this office 
two years. He was married, Oct. 27, 1867, to Miss Amelia L., daughter of Rev. J. L. 
Janes, of Chester, Ohio ; she was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., May 8, 1843 ; her 
father was Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Guilford, N. Y., sixteen years ; he 
removed to Jones Co. in 1868 ; was Pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Wyoming ; 
he died Oct. 5, 1872. Mrs. Champlin graduated in 1863, at the Lake Erie Seminary, 
Painesville, Ohio ; she was appointed Preceptress in the Academy at Norwich, N. Y.; 
held this position one year; she has taught in graded schools both before and after mar- 
riage, and has been engaged in this work about fifteen years ; her name has been used 
as a candidate for Superintendent of Schools for this county fur 1879. They have four 
children — Allie J., George L., John E. and Justus J. Republican ; members of the 
Presbyterian Church. 

SAMUEIi CONAL,l,Y, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born May 27, 
1789, in Hunterdon Co., N. J.; when about 10 years of age, he came with his parents 
to Virginia; at the breaking-out of the war of 1812, he enlisted as a private under 
Capt. Post; afterward transferred to Capt. Paxton's command of the 12th Regt.; served 
through the war, for which he received a pension of §8 per month ; in 1851, he came 
to Jones Co.; he owns 133 acres of land. Married Mary Ferguson in 1826 ; she was 
born in Pennsylvania Sept. 30, 1806; they have six children — Ferguson, Samuel, Susan, 
Lana Ann, Mary Ann and Julia Ann. He was the first County Superintendent of 
Jones Co. Democrat. 

O. E. COUNTRYMAN, farmer. Sec. 32; P. 0. Wyoming; born May 21, 
1853, in Wyoming Township ; he now owns and lives upon the farm .settled on by his 
father in 1853, consisting of 140 acres of land His father died in 1866, aged 45 years ; 
he opened the first grocery store in Wyoming ; continued it several years. 0. E. Coun- 
tryman was married, in January, 1873, to Miss Emma McCue ; she was born in Penn- 
sylvania; have one child— Bertie. 

WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, attorney at law, office in Williams' Block, 
Wyoming ; born March 24, 1846, in Broome Co., N. Y.; in 1864, came to Wyoming; 
he commenced the study of law in 1867 ; was admitted in 1870 ; he has been in con- 
stant practice since. Married Mi.ss Lucy Witter, in October, 1875 ; he was born in 
Willoutrhby, Ohio ; have two children — Park and William. Democrat. 

ELIJAH EDWARHS, farmer, Sec. 13; P.O.Monmouth; born Nov. 4, 
1819, in Pennsylvania; when a child, he came with his parents to Ohio; in 1842, he 
came to Jackson Co.; in 1848, he removed to Jones Co.; he owns 280 acres of land. 
Married Elizabeth Streets in 1848 ; she was born in 1830, in Ohio ; have seven children 
— Eli, Israel, Tolbert, John, Lydia, Adelia and Ellen. Democrat. 

F. O. ELLISON, attorney at law, office in Williams' Block, Wyoming ; 
was born in 1853, in New York City; in 1871, came to Iowa; commenced the study 
of law with Todhunter & Williamson, at Indianola, Iowa; was admitted in 1873; has 
been practicing since. Married Miss A. E. McCutcheon in 1875 •,. she was born in 
Peoria, 111.; have one child — Clifford W. Republican. 

S. G. FRANKS, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; he was born Feb. 4, 
1844, in Cascade, Jones Co., Iowa; his parents emigrated to this county in 1841, from 
Ohio; his father died May 14, 1878, aged 60 years. He owns forty acres of land 
adjoining the town of Wyoming. Married Miss H. J. Litton in 1868; she was born 
in 1849; her parents came to Dubuque Co. in 1836, and are living in Prairie Creek 
Township ; they have five children — Fannie, Sadie, John, Ida and Katie. Detnocrat. 

RUSSEL GILBERT, of the firm of Gilbert & Fordham, general hard- 
ware, Wyoming ; he was born in 1819, in Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; in 1829, came to 
Ohio; in 1849, to Pennsylvania; in 1856, he came to Wyoming and opened the first 
general stock of merchandise here; in 1871, the firm changed to Gilbert & Fordham^ 



602 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

and still continues. Married Susan Wilkins in 1840 ; she was born Aug. 20, 1820, in 
Vermont ; have four children — Lucy (now Mrs. Bratton), Truman, Chauncey and 
Sarah. Republican ; member of the M. E. Church. 

JOHX R. CirR AFT, proprietor Wyoming Creamery ; he was born July 
11, 1851, in Kome Township; in 1874, he removed to Wyoming; he has been 
engaged in farming and poultry business for several years past ; commenced his cream- 
ery in 1879. Married Victoria Woodyard in 1875; she was born in Ohio; have two 
children — Ora Belle and Jay Lee. Republican ; member of the M. E. Church. 

C. B. HOPKINS, farmer, Sec. 22; P. 0. Wyoming; born April 9, 1829, 
in W^est Greenwich. R. I.; in 1833, he came with his parents to Pennsylvania; in 
1869, he came to Jones Co. ; in 1877, he removed to his present farm ; owns eighty 
acres land. Married Samira G. Tubbs in 1853 ; she was born in New York ; have 
eight children — Seth W., Verna E., Franklin D., Carlos J.. Fred, Ada, Effie and Lil- 
lie. Enlisted, in 1861, in Co. H, 58th Penn. V. I. ; was discharged in 1863, on 
account of physical disability. Republican ; has been for the past twenty-five years a 
member of the M. E. Church, and has always taken an active part in church man- 
agement. 

L. HOYER, livery, Wyoming ; born Nov. 9, 1838, in Herkimer Co., X. 
Y.; in 1861, he came to Iowa ; in 1868, he removed to Jones Co.; engaged in farming 
till 1869, when he came to W3'oming and commenced livery. Married Miss Hannah 
T. Hutchins in 1856 ; she was born in Watertown, N. Y.; have three children — George 
C, Hattie May and Cora Belle. Democrat. 

J. E. HUNTER, Wyoming ; was born Jan. 7, 1821, in Cuyahoga Co., Ohio ; 
in 18-43, he came to Illinois ; in 1858, removed to Iowa; in 1866, he came to Jones 
Co. He owns his house, with four lots. His time is entirely devoted to bee culture, 
and carries on this business more extensively than any other in the county. During 
the late war, he was employed in the Quarterma.sters' Department at Davenport. Mar- 
ried Miss L. A. Alexander May 29, 1844; .she was born in July, 1826, in St. Clair 
Co., 111.; have two children — Belle and Mary. 

N. W. HUTUHINS, attorney at law ; office over post office, Wyoming ; 
was born in 1831. in Herkimer Co., N. Y.; in 1851, he commenced reading law with 
Moore, Brown & Beach, in Watertown, N. Y.; was admitted in February, 1853. He 
then went to China and Australia ; remained abroad till 1871, when he returned to 
Jackson Co. Has been in practice since 1874. Married Sarah J. Smith May 24, 
1861 ; she was born in Australia ; have seven children — Esther J., Alice V., Albert V., 
Lizzie. Flora, Gertrude and Laura. Democrat. 

JOHN q. JENKINS, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. O. Monmouth ; born Sept. 19, 
1819, in Warren Co., N. Y.; in 1836, came to Michigan ; in 1846, to Clinton Co., 
Iowa, in 1877, he removed to Jones Co.; owns 200 acres of land. Married Caroline 
M. Hoisington in 1843; she was born in 1825, in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; have one 
child — Frank P.; their son, Alex. F., died Oct. 14, 1878, from a wound received from 
a buckle-tongue piercing his hand at the thumb socket ; he lived about one week after 
the accident. He leaves a widow and five children. Republican. 

C. H. JOHNSON, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born March 15, 1841, 
in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; in 1856, came to Wyoming. He owns 120 acres of land. 
In 1862, he entered Co. K, 24th I. V. I.; served to the end of the war; participated in 
the battles of Pert Gibson, Champion Hill, Vicksburg, Sabine Cross Roads, and others. 
Married Josephine Bennett Dec. 25, 1868 ; she was born in Michigan ; they have three 
children — Minnie B., Fred H. and George C. Republican ; member of the M. E. 
Church. 

ORLANOO JOHNSTON, live stock and grain-dealer, Onslow ; born May 
3, 1857, in Mercer Co., Penn.; in 1859, came to Bellevue, Iowa ; thence to Maquoketa ; 
in 1877, he removed to Onslow. He owns eighty acres of land in Wyoming Township. 
His ftither died in Bellevue in 1867, aged 43 years. 

JOHN E. KEWIiEY, farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. Wyoming; born Nov. 15, 
1826, in Wythe Co , Va.; in 1852, came to Jackson Co.; in 1867, he removed to his 



WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 603 

present farm; owns 215 acres of land. Married Sarah J. Ward in September, 1852 ; 
she was born in Wythe Co., Va.; have seven children — Florence (now Mrs. Babcock), 
Alice V. (now Mrs. Trimble), John W., Eltha E., Organ M., Gertrude and James Va. 
Republican. ^Member of the Lutheran Church. 

J. W. KEGIiEY, farmer. Sec. 24; P. 0. Monmouth ; born Dec. 15,1828, 
in Wythe Co., Va.; in 1856, he came to Jackson Co.; in 1858, he removed to his 
present farm. He owns 200 acres of land, which he entered, and is now oneof the best- 
improved farms in the township. Married Miss E. A. Wyrick in March, 1855 ; she 
was born in Wythe Co., Va.; have six children — America 0., George E., Cephas B., 
Catharine M., Eva Y. and Eddie C. Republican; members of the Lutheran 
Church. 

JAMES KIRKPATRICK, Onslow; he was born in December, 1821, 
in Ireland; in 1847, he came to Orange Co., N. Y. ; in 1853, he came to Jones Co.; 
he owns his residence in town, also owns and attends the town scales. Married Jane 
Barclay in 1853 ; she was born in Ireland. 

JAMEN L.EVI, farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born July 2, 1823, in 
Forfarshire, Scotland ; in 1848, he came to Canada ; in 1852, to Indiana ; in 1869, he 
removed to Jones Co.; he owns 170 acres of land. Married Ellen Hardy in 1844 ; 
she was born in Forfarshire, Scotland ; have eleven children — Susan, James, Margaret, 
Jane, George, David, William, Samuel, Frank, Oliver and Charles. James enlisted in 
1861; served three months; he re-enlisted in 1864; served to the end of the war. 
Republican ; LTnited Presbyterian Church. 

CAPT. AARON M. I.OOMIS, merchant, of Wyoming, Jones Co, 
Iowa; was born in Rodman, Jeiferson Co., N. Y.,on the 30th of April, 1831; his 
father. Milo Loomis, was born in the same county, so also was his mother, Lucy A. 
Greenley, who was the daughter of Esquire Greenley, a prominent land-owner in the 
same county. The subject of this sketch has three brothers and sisters now living — T. 
G. Loomis is a successful merchant and farmer in Ohio ; M. B. Loomis is County 
Judge in Chicago ; F. R. Loomis is editor of the Medina Gazette, in Ohio ; has been 
a member of the State Legislature, and is now President of the Ohio State Sunday 
School Association ; Sarah J. Loomis is the wife of S. L. Dyer, a County Auditor in 
Ohio ; Ruth A. Loomis married S. J. Tourtellot, who is in business in Iowa. The 
father, Milo L., was for many years a Congregationalist Deacon, and was quite popular 
in his locality ; he was a mechanic, also a music teacher ; at time of his death, he 
was executor of eighteen estates, and the guardian of thirty-six minor children ; he 
wai devoted to his family and to the Church ; he made his home attractive, entering 
heartily into childhood's experiences, and he was a self-sacrificing burden-bearer for the 
Church of his choice ; he was the counselor and helper of all in need — was a Christian 
man. His life-companion was in full sympathy with his life-work, and, after nearly 
thirty years of joint pilgrimage, he preceded her but a month in his entrance into the 
promised land. The subject of this sketch, when 2 years of age, came, with his 
parents, to Medina Co., Ohio, where he remained until 1856. In March, 1852, he 
married Mi>s Jane Briggs, of the same county. They removed to Wyoming, Iowa, in 
1856, with one daughter, Josephine, who died at the age of 12; they had two children 
after coming West — Jesse Fremont and Finney. Mrs. Jane Loomis died in 1867. Mr. 
Loomis refrained from entering the United States Service until 1862, on account of 
pecuniary circumstances. He enlisted Aug. 9, 1862, as a private, but at the company 
election, held on the 20th of August, he was elected Second Lieutenant, and his com- 
mission bears that date; he, with his comrades, was mustered into the .service Sept. 18, 
1862, as Co. K, of the 24th I. V. I.; he served under Grant in the siege and cap- 
ture of Vicksburg, and, on the 11th of June, 1863, was promoted to the First Lieuten- 
ancy ; he was in the Red River expedition, under Banks, and with Sheridan in the 
Shenandoah Valley ; on the 21st of July, 1864, he was promoted to the Captaincy 
of his original company, and continued in command until the clo.«e of the war, and his 
mustering-out, August, 1865. In autumn of 1866, as a member of the firm of Ford- 
ham & Co., he began the mercantile business, and the management of a large stock 



604 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

farm; this partnersnip cuntinued until 1869, when he became proprietor of tne mer- 
cantile interests, with A. E. Spitzer as partner; they were successful, and the enlarged 
business was afterward divided, and Mr. Loomis is now sole manager and proprietor of 
the dry goods and grocery departments. He was married, on the 9th of August, 1868, 
to Miss Alice Spitzer ; they have three children — Mabel Ina, Milo Mason and Arthur, 
all of whom are now living, except Arthur. Ever since the formation of the Repub- 
lican party, Mr. Loomis has been a reliable Republican ; he is an active worker in 
the Presbyterian Church, and is a friend of all moral and social reforms. He is a 
leading merchant of Wyoming, and enjoys the respect and confidence of his fellow- 
citizens. 

RICHARD LUNN, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born Aug. 6, 1818, 
in Lincolnshire, England; Aug. '1, 1837, he came to New York; Nov. 15, 1837, he 
came to Cleveland, Ohio ; engaged as a carriage-driver ; he then removed to Strong-s- 
ville, Ohio, and engaged in farming ; June 28, 1858, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; he 
owns 400 acres of land. Married Miss H. S. Aldrich Nov. 11, 1845; she was born 
March 2, 1816, in Ontario Co., N. Y. ; had five children, two living — Martin A. and 
Hannah (now Mrs. Henderson), now living in Jasper Co. Has been Township Treas- 
urer about seven years. Republican ; Presbyterian Church. 

WILLIAM H. MALLICOUt, farmer. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born 
Nov. 25, 1852, in Washington Co., Ind.; in 1868, came to Muscatine Co., Iowa ; in 
1876, he removed to his present farm; he owns 165 acres of land. Married Savilla 
Guthrie in 1873 ; she was born in Ohio ; have two children — Rollie and Carrie. Dem- 
ocrat. 

T. R. MARSHALL, agent of the Racine and Southwestern Division of the 
Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Wyoming; was born in 1835 in Rockingham Co., N. H.; 
in about 1850 he came to Massachusetts, and since this time has been engaged in the 
railroad business ; in 1872, he came to Wyoming and to his present position. He 
enlisted in 1862, in (^o. A, 121st Ohio V. I., as private ; was promoted to First Lieu- 
tenant in June, 1863; was mustered out in February, 1864, on account of a wound 
received in the ankle-joint in September, 1863. Married Miss Hattie E. Woodward in 
1866; she was born in New Hampshire; have one child — Edward Woodward. 

JOHX T. MILLER, former. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born Dec. 6, 
1818, in Montgomery Co., Ohio; when a boy, he came with his parents to Fountain 
Co., Ind.; in 1853, he came to Wyoming. He owns 120 acres of land. Married 
Charlotte Morris April 5, 1837 ; she was born Aug. 26, 1810, in Pickaway Co., Ohio; 
had nine children, seven of whom are living — Sarah J., Emiline and Adaline (twins), 
R. R., Minerva, Florence and Ruth. Republican. 

JOH^ MORSE, farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. O. Wyoming; born April 16, 1806, 
in Bradford, N. H.; in 1854, he came to Jackson Co.; in 1856, removed to Jones Co. 
AVhen leaving New Hampshire, he bought a draft for S2, 150 ; the bank issuing the 
draft failed soon after, leaving Mr. Morse penniless on arriving at his new home, but 
by strict attention to business, he has ac(|uired a competency; he and his son now own 
200 acres of land, well improved ; the land he entered from the Government. He 
married Miss Phebe B. Flint in 1834; she was born in New Hampshire; have two 
children — Abigail i\L and Mark H. Mark enlisted in 1862 ; served to the end of the 
war, and now draws a pension on account of his eyes being injured in the service. 
Republican ; Presbyterian. 

ELI B. jVIMS, deceased ; was born Dec. 17, 1813, in Jefferson Co., N. Y.; in 
1853, he came to Jones Co. Died Jan. 12, 1861. He married Miss Emily C. Brain- 
ard Oct. 10, 1843; she was born in Medina Co., Ohio, Aug. 5, 1822 ; they had nine 
children, six of whom are living — Dwight B., J. W., William A., Eddie, Ida A. and 
Ada PI Mrs. Nims owns 160 acres of land; her son William A. manages this farm; 
hi! married Miss Martha Smith Nov. 27, 1873; she was born in Grant Co., Ind.; came 
to Jones Co. with her parents when an infant ; they have three children — Myrtie A., 
Laura E. and Eli S.; live on Sec. 16; P. 0. Wyoming. Family attend the M. E. 
Church. 



WYOMING TOWNSHIP. 605 

P. E. OLiMSTKD, carriage and wagon manufacturing, Wyoming ; was born 
in IS-tG in New York; in 18-I-7, came to La Salle Co., 111., with his parents ; he com- 
menced to learn this trade with his father when a boy, and has followed it since. He 
enlisted in 1864 in Co. I, 53d 111. V. I., and served to the end of the war. In 1866, 
he came to Iowa and continued this business ; he employs from ten to twelve men con- 
stantly, and is the largest business of this kind in the county. Married Nettie Cherry 
in November, 1866 ; she was born in La Salle Co., 111.; have five children — Charlie, 
Adelbert, Mertie, Nettie and Eddie. Republican. 

JOHN PAUL., farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born Nov. 27, 1818, in 
Columbiana Co., Ohio ; in the fall of 185-1, he came to Jones Co. They own 440 acres 
of land. Married Margaret McCready Dec. 10, 1839; she was born May 16, 1816, 
in Columbiana Co., Ohio ; have eight children — Sarah E. (now Mrs. Woodyardj, 
Henry F., Joseph M., William C., John T., K. H., Lawrence and George B. Mr. 
Paul was President of the tirst Township Board ; is now Justice of the Peace. His 
son Henry F. enlisted in 1863 in Co. K, 24th I. V. I., and till the end of the war ; he 
was taken prisoner Oct. 19, 1864, at the battle of Cedar Creek, Va.; was released in 
February, 1865. Republican; Presbyterian. 

JOHM K. PIXL.EY% cashier of the First National Bank of Wyoming; 
was born Feb. 28. 1828, at Pierraont, N. H.; he is the son of Dr. Alfred Pisley and 
Eliza L. Kimball; Dr. Pixley died at Enosburg, Vt., in 1863, and his widow still 
resides at the old homestead. John K. is one of a family of eight children, six of 
whom are now dead. His brother, Lieut. Charles H. Pixley, of the 1st Vt. V. C, was 
drowned in 1863 while heroically endeavoring to ford a stream in the discharge of his 
military duty. John K., the subject of this sketch, was married Sept. 12, 1855, at 
Poultney, Vt., to Miss Sarah Augusta Hooker, daughter of S. P. Hooker, who is a 
descendant of Rev. Thomas Hooker, D. D., who was born in England in 1586, and 
was one of the founders of the Connecticut Colony ; they have three children — Mary 
E., born May 7, 1860; Anna H., Jan. 29, 1863, and Charles H., Feb. 25, 1871. 
From the age of 16, when he left his father's home, he has been in constant employ- 
ment ; a portion of the time, he was general ticket agent and paymaster of the Troy 
& Boston Railroad; afterward, acted as teller of the bank at Poultney, Vt., and then 
as cashier of the First National Bank at Sandy Hill, N. Y., for four years ; at the 
formation of the First National Bank of Wyoming, Iowa, in 1872, he came West and 
took charge of the same as cashier, which position he still occupies. Since 1355, he 
has been an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; for twenty-five years, 
he has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows ; he is also a member 
of the Ancient Order of United Workmen ; he has been an earnest, active Republican 
ever since the formation of the Republican party, but has never held a political office ; 
he has been a member of the Board of Education in this city, and for several years has 
been on the Board of Trustees of Cornell College, at Mount Vernon, Iowa. Mr. Pixley 
is a man of strong convictions of duty, and adheres to his purposes, whether he win 
smiles or frowns; he is public-spirited, and seeks the development and prosjjerity of the 
city, both financially and morally ; he is the friend and supporter of all causes which 
tend to the improvement of society ; with a high sense of honor, a kind heart and a 
generous hand, he is valued as one of the reliable, substantial citizens of Wyoming. 
The First National Bank of Wyoming, of which he has been the only cashier, was 
organized Jan. 26, 1872, by F. D. Hodgeman, of Fort Edward, N. Y., a prominent 
capitalist and philanthropist, and by Wallace T. Foote, a wealthy capitalist and iron- 
manufacturer, of Port Henry, N. Y.; they came West in 1871, and selected this city 
in which to locate a national bank. The present officers of the Bank are : President, 
Wallace T. Foote, Port Henry, N. Y.; Vice President, James A. Brunson, Wyoujing, 
Iowa ; Cashier, John K. Pixley, Wyoming, Iowa ; Teller, George Gilbert, Jr., Wyom- 
ming, Iowa ; Directors — W. T. Foote, Joseph E. King, James A. Brunson, J. B. 
Wherry, J. W. Wherry, Thomas Green, F. H. Foote and J. K. Pixley; capital, 
$50,000 ; Bank Attorney, W. J. Chamberlain, Wyoming, Iowa. One-half of the bank 
stock is owned bv the widow of F. D. Hodgeman, who devotes her entire income to 



606 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

benevolent and Christian purposes, not in impulsive, random gifts, but according to an 
intelligent si/sfem of benevolence. Rev. Joseph E. King, D. D., a prominent educator 
of Fort Edward, N. Y., is also a heavy stockholder ; so, also, is Hon. Wallace T. Foots, 
President of the Bank and one of the wealthiest capitalists of New York. The Bank 
is doing a safe and extensive business, and has high standing at home and in the 
commercial world. 

J. G. POTTER, farmer, Sec. 14; P. 0. Monmouth; born March 20, 
1837, in Licking Co., Ohio ; in 1844, came to Jackson Co.; in 1853, he removed to 
Jones Co.; owns 125 acres of land. Married Miss M. J. Ingle in 1862 ; she was born 
in Ohio; have two children — S. M. and J. M. He enlisted, in 1862, in Co. I, 24th 
I. V. I., and served to the end of the war; participated in the battles of Port Gibson, 
Champion Hills, siege of Vicksburg, Winchester, Cedar Creek and others. Repub- 
lican. Mrs. P. is a member of the Lutheran Church. 

H. O. SHIKE, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Wyoming; born Aug. 29, 1851, in 
Linn Co., Liwa ; he came with his parents to Jones Co., in 1853; he owns 158 acres 
of land. Married Mary E. Walters in 1875 ; she was born in Jones Co.; have one 
child, George M. Republican ; M. E. Church. 

JOHX SIM, farmer, Sec. 6; P. O. Onslow: born April 12, 1811, in Fife- 
shire, Scotland ; in 1846, became to Pittsburgh, Penu ; in 1852,'to Keokuk, Iowa ; in 
the spring of 1853, he removed to Jones Co., where he has since lived ; owns 265 
acres of land ; 120 acres of this he entered ; he built the first house in this part of the 
township. Married Rachael Robinson in 1846 ; she was born in 1807, in Fifoshire, 
Scotland, and died in 1875 ; had two children, one living, David, who now manages the 
farm; lost James, aged 16 years. Republican ; Presbyterian. 

RODERICK SPEXCER, flirmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born June 12, 
1811, in Madison Co., N. Y. In 1834, he came to Ohio. In 1854, he came to Jones 
Co. ; he owns 214 acres of land. Married Harriet Adams May 30, 1840, in Ohio 
she was born March 14, 1820, in Litchfield Co., Conn. ; have three children — Lydia 
(now Mrs. Lyons), James and Melvin. James enlisted in 1862 in Co. K, 24th I. V. I. 
served about five months ; was di.schai'ged on account of physical disability ; Republican 

DR. E. S» TAYIiOR, dentist, olfiee over McGrew's drug store, Wyoming 
born Sept. 15, 1850, in Windsor Co., Vt. In 1873, he came to Jones Co., thence to 
Marshall Co. ; in 1875, he came to Wyoming; commenced the study of dentistry with 
Dr. Bradshaw ; has been in practice since 1868; he was admitted as a junior member 
of the State Dental Society at Iowa City, in 1868 ; the following year, he was admitted 
as a senior member at Clear Lake, Iowa. Married Isadore Albee in March, 1872; 
she was born in Rockingham, Windsor Co., Vt. ; died Nov. 14, 1878 ; lost one child in 
infancy. 

O. L.. THOMPSON, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; he was born in 
Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1840. In 1864, he came to Dubuque Co. In 1870, he removed 
to Jones Co. ; he owns 160 acres of land. Married Emily Wescott in 1863; she 
was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y. ; have four children — Fred, Frank, Don and Lottie. 
Republican ; Presbyterian Church. 

JOHN TOMPKINS, fiirmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Onslow; born Nov. 22, 1801, 
in Cox,sackie, N. Y. ; he came to Jones Co. in 1847 ; he owns 160 acres of land. Mar- 
ried Catharine Ousterhoadt in 1829; she was born in New York ; they had twelve 
children, seven living — Thankful, Harvey K., Mary J., Sarah C, Orrin, Sherman W. 
and Lizzie ; their son, Amos S., died of a disease contracted in the army. 

G. H. WARD, farmer. Sec. 34; P. 0. Wyoming; born Nov. 6, 1844, in 
Canada. In 1865, came to Jones Co. ; owns 130 acres of land. Married Ellen Holmes 
in 18()8 ; she was born in Ohio ; have one child — Charles H. Republican ; Baptist Church. 

WILLIAM WASSON, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born Oct. 9, 1849, 
in Oswego Co., N. Y.'; he came to Jones Co. with his parents in 1853 ; he owns 120 
acres of land. Married Maggie Ran-som in October, 1875 ; she was born in Jones 
County; they have two children — Chas. W. and Lyman G. Republican; Presbyteaian 
Church. 



JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 607 

J. B. WHERRY, farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; he was born in Guern- 
sey Co., Ohio, Feb. 4, 1832. In 1855, he came to Jones Co., and settled in Oxford 
Township; was Trustee most of the time until he removed to Wyoming; he now owns 
308 acres of land, bought of Thomas Green, and is one of the oldest and best improved 
farms in the township. He married Miss Nancy J. Moore in 18G0 ; she was born in 
Guernsey Co., Ohio; have eight children — David E., Mary L., John A., Arthur H., 
Leanna B., Maggie J., Nora B. and Licretia V. Republican ; United Presbyterian 
Church. 

J. W. WHERRY, farmer, Sec. 18; P. 0. Wyoming; born Feb. 3, 1832, 
in Guernsey Co., Ohio. In 1855, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; he owns 255 acres of 
land ; has been Township Treasurer, School Director, etc. Married Miss Mary Moore 
in 1856 ; she was born in Guernsey Co., Ohio; have four children — Tolbert H.. 
Arminda J., Eliza Z. and Wallace H. Republican ; United Presbyterian Church. 

JOHBi' A. WHITE, retired, Wyoming; born April 10, 1806, in Rocking- 
ham, Vt.; in 1815. he came with his mother to Warren Co., N. Y.; in 1824, he went 
to Toronto, Canada; afterward removed to St. Clair, Mich., where he resided till 1855, 
when he came to Maquoketa, Iowa; the foUowins: year, became to Wyoming, where he 
has since resided ; has been Justice of the Peace, President of the School Board ; is 
Street Commissioner. Married Candace Whitesell in 1829 ; she was born in 1810, in 
Canada ; had ten children, seven living — Martha, Hannah, John, Lewis, William, 
Alvira and Olive. In 1862, his son William enlisted in Co. K, 24th I. V. I.; served 
to end of the war ; John enlisted in 1862, in Co. E, 11th I. V. I., and served to end of 
the war. Democrat; member of the M. E. Church. 

R. S. WILililAHS, contractor, builder and dealer in lumber, brick and 
building material, Wyoming; was born in 1824, in Hampden Co., M<iss.; in 1830, he 
came to Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., with his pai-ents ; in 1854, he came to Jackson Co.; 
in 1859, he removed to Wyoming, where he has resided since. He commenced to learn 
this business at the age of 18, and has always followed it, excepting three years in the 
late war, when he enlisted, in 1862, in Co. K, 24th I. V. I., and served to the end of 
the war. He was elected Mayor in the spring of 1879 ; has been Justice of the Peace, 
etc. Married Lucy Baker in 1844 ; she was born in 1825, in New York, and died in 
1855 ; have one daughter — Lorilla. Second marriage to Jennie Cleveland in 1857 ; 
she was born in Canada in 1834 ; have four children — Adelbert D., Corinne L., Carrie 
C. and R. S. Republican : Presbyterian. 

F. T. WOODYARD, livery, Onslow ; born May 25, 1833, in Athens Co., 
Ohio ; in thespring of 1857, he came to Jones Co. He owns 100 acres of land in Wyo- 
ming Township. He came to Onslow in 1876. Married Sarah E. Paul in 1861 ; she 
was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio. 



JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 

WIIiLIAM AITKEN, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Amber ; born in September, 
1823, in Perthshire, Scotland; May 4, 1869, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns 160 
acres of land. Married Christina Lawson in 1848; she was born in 1823, in Perth- 
shire, Scotland; have three children — Jessie (now Mrs. Henderson, living in Scotland), 
David and Catharine. Presbyterian. 

CABLE BEL.KXAP, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Amber; born March 11, 
1838, in Tuscarawas Co., Ohio ; in 1860, came to Jones Co.; owns 286 acres of land, 
which was entered by his father; in 1864, enlisted in Co. E, 2d I. V. I.; served to the 
end of the war ; has been School Director about five years. Married Elizabeth Tripp 
in 1860 ; she was born in Carroll Co., Ohio ; have nine children — Charles S., William 
T., Joseph E., John D., Oscar W., Elizabeth J., James S., Etty M. and Cora C. 
Republican. 



608 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

li. E. BROWNElili, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Center Junction; was bora 
in 1834, in Chautauqua Co.; N. Y.; in 1855, he came to Jones Co. He owns 120 
acres of land. Married Lucy J. Bender Feb. 5, 1857 ; she was born Dec. 1, 18-11, in 
Pennsylvania ; died Jan. 12, 1870 ; have three children — Mary, Catharine and Jcshua. 
Mr. B. built the first house and broke the first land in this section. Republican. 

JOHX BKOWX, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Amber; born July 25, 1810, in 
Berwickshire, Scotland; in 1838, he came to Cincinnati ; in 1844, came to Galena, 111.; 
in 1854, he removed to Jones Co., where he has since resided ; owns 240 acres of land, 
part of which he entered, and he and his sons have made all the improvements since 
coming here. Married Margaret Lockie in 1837 ; she was born in August, 1812, in 
Berwickshire, Scotland ; have two children — James and John L. Republican ; mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church. 

ADAM BYERLY, farmer, Sec. 18; P. 0. Anamosa ; born June 1, 1834, 
in Fairfield Co., Ohio ; in 184G, he came with his parents to Jones Co.; owns 202 
acres of land. Married Susan M. Rhistine Sept. 6, 1863 ; she was born in Linn Co., 
Iowa; have six childi'en — John J. H., Francis M., Charles E., Sanford G., William E. 
and Marietta J. Democrat. 

ANDREW BY'ERL.Y% farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Oct. 22, 
1820, in Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 1846, he came to Jones Co.; owns 126 acres of land. 
Married Mrs. Beam in 1855 ; she was born in Augusta Co., Va., Nov. 27, 1820 ; had 
six children, two living — George W. and Stephen A.; she has five children by a 
former marriasie — John H., Daniel L., James W., Charles M. and Perry M. Democrat. 

SAMIJEJL BY^ERS, farmer, Sec. 33; P. 0. Olin ; born May 4, 1841, in 
Mercer Co., Penn.; when a child, he came to Jones Co. with his parents ; he owns 
ninety-two and one-half acres of land and has one of the largest orchards in the town- 
ship, consisting of about fourteen acres of very choice fruit. Married Melinda Emer- 
son in March, 1860 ; she was born in Ohio ; had three children, two living — Louisa A. 
and Francis M. He enlisted in 1864 in Co. E, 2d L V. I, and served to the end of 
the war. Democrat. 

JOHN €HE^>»IRE, former. Sec. 29; P. 0. Anamosa; he was born in 
1832 in Ireland; in 1852, he came to Troy, N. Y.; in 1857, to Dubuque Co., Iowa; 
in 1862, he came to Jones Co.; he owns 410 acres of land; he has accumulated this 
property since coming to Jones Co., and has always taken care of his mother until the 
time of her death, which occurred in the fall of 1861. He married Mary 0. Tool in 
1862; she was born in 1837; have six children — Julia, Jane, John. Ellen, Charles 
and Margaret. Democrat. 

ill. D. CORCORAN, farmer. Sec. 29; P. 0. Anamosa; born Oct. 31, 

1824, in Ireland ; in 1848, he came to Bradford Co., Penn.; in 1856, he came to Jones 
Co.; owns 155 acres of land. Married Mary A. Whitaker in 1856; she was born ia 
Sullivan Co., Penn., in 1832; died May 5, 1871 ; have seven children — John, Augusta, 
Eugene, Mary, Josie, Edna and Fannie. When living in Madison Township he was 
Assessor four years. Enrolled the militia for draft in 1863; was chosen Captain of 
the Madison Company Home Guards, which was organized in the spring of 1864. 
Since removing to Jackson Township, he has been five years Township Assessor ; is 
Justice of the Peace, School Director, etc. 

JAMES GARVIE, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Amber ; born Sept. 28, 1826, 
in Perthshire, Scotland; in 1850, he came to Connecticut; thence to VViseonsin ; in 
1851, he removed to Jones Co.; owns 162 acres of land, which he entered. Married 
Annie Bradley in 1860 ; she was born in England; have six children — Abun, Will- 
iam, Mary L., Anna, John and Jessie. Republican ; Presbyterian. 

DAVID W. <iRAFFT, farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Olin ; born March 21, 

1825, in Butler Co., Ohio; in 1846, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 500 acres 
of land. Married Christina Byerly March 31, 1848; she was born March 8, 1827, 
in Fairfield Co., Ohio ; have nine children — William S., John H., Mary C., James, 
Martha Ann, David, Delia Jane, Francis M. and Elizabeth. Has been Constable, Jus- 
tice of the Peace, and has held all the township offices. Democrat. 



JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 611 

S. D. HALE, former, Sec. 15; P. 0. Anamosa; born Feb. 8, 1829, in 
Onondaga Co., N. Y.; in 1837, came to Huron Co., Ohio, with his parents ; in 1856, 
came to Jones Co.; owns 176 acres of land. Married Angeline Martin in October, 
1855; she was born in Clinton Co., N. Y., June 25, 1829. Is Justice of the Peace; 
haa been Township Trustee and School Director. Democrat. 

JOHN HANLON, farmer, Sec. 8; P. 0. Anamosa; born in June, 1828, 
in Ireland ; in 1852, he came to Ohio; in 1856, to Jones Co. He owns 106 acres of 
land. Married Mary Power Jan. 1-1, 1872 ; she was born in Ireland ; have four chil- 
dren — John P., Anna M., William L. and Ellen. Democrat. 

WILLIAM HAMILTON, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Nov. 
13, 1830, in Huron Co., in Ohio ; in 1870, he came to Jones Co., Iowa. Owns 200 
acres of land. Married Loraine S. Bissell in 1851 ; she was born in New York ; have 
five children — Cora L. (now Mrs. Brown), Jennie S. (now Mrs. Ireland), William H., 
Johnnie C. and Lizzie A. Republican. Mrs. H. is a member of the Episcopal Church. 

GEOR€}£ W. HARVEY, former, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Olin ; born March 19, 
1819, in Hardin Co., Ohio ; in 1855, he came with his parents to Jones Co. He owns 
101 acres of land. Married Cora A. Williams Aug. 9, 1871 ; she was born in Illinois; 
have four children — Lillian, Charles E., Ella V. and Arthur ; lost Celestia in infancy. 
Republican. 

A. W. HAY, farmer. Sec. 16; P. 0. Anamosa; born May 12, 1817, in Vigo 
Co., Ind. ; came to Jones Co., with his parents in 1819. He owns 212^ acres of land. 
Married Dillia L. Dunlap Nov. 19, 1871 ; she was born in Ohio; have three children 
— Rosa v., Henry W. and Orien W. Has been four years Township Clerk ; has been 
five years Justice of the Peace ; has been Secretary of the Independent School District. 
Democrat. 

ISAAC HAY, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Anamosa; born Oct. 19, 1823, in 
Virginia ; when a child, he came with his parents to Vigo Co., Ind.; in 1818, he came 
to Jones Co., Iowa. He owns 180 acres of land. Married Dortha Shew in 1815 ; she 
was born in 1821, in North Carolina ; had five children, four living — A. W., W. A., 
John F. and L. 0.; lost Henry, in June, 1871, aged 16 years. Has been Township 
Collector. School Director, etc. Democrat. 

JOHN I. HAY, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Anamosa; born Nov. 7, 1819, in 
Jackson Township, Jones Co.; his father came to this county in 1819. He owns 257J 
acres of land. Married Catharine Waggoner in March, 1871 ; she was born in Ohio ; 
have four children — Elva E., Mary A., Charlie 0. and Bertha D. Has been Constable 
eight years. Democrat. 

L. O. HAY, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. vVnamosa; born July 19, 1852, in 
Jackson Township. He owns 250 acres of land. Married Miss L. V. Merritt Oct. 15, 
1876 ; she was born in Rome Township, Jones Co. ; have one child — Almeda. Democrat. 

WILLIAM A. HAY, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Anamosa; born Oct. 8, 
1818, in Vigo Co., Ind.; in 1819, came with his parents to Jones Co. He owns 200 
acres of land. Married Phebe Waggoner Jan. 1, 1870; she was born in Ohio; have 
four children — William E., Emma F., Maggie and Archie. Is Township Clerk; has 
held this oflBce the past two years. Democrat. 

ANSON HA YDEN, former. See. 33 ; P. 0. Olin ; he was born IMarch 
21, 1821, in Guilford, Chenango Co., N. Y. ; in 1852, came to De Kalb Co., 111. ; in 
1861, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; owns 180 acres of land. Married Maryetta Mead 
Sept. 12, 1851 ; she was born in Guilford, Chenango Co., N. Y., in 1833 ; have nine 
children — Mary E., G. M., Lewis E., Joseph D., Kittie, Walter, Addie, Fannie and 
Benjamin. Mr. H. has served two years as County Supervisor of Jackson Township. 
Democrat ; Episcopal. 

HENRY HIGH, firm of High & Robbins, proprietors Newport Mills ; Sec. 
33 ; P. 0. Olin ; born April 11, 1810, in St. Joseph Co., Ind.; in 1857, he came to 
Iowa; returned to Indiana in 1861; in 1878, he came to Jones Co. Married Mar- 
garet Rainey in 1871; she was born in Ireland; came to America in 1857; they 

have two children — George and Clarence. 

Q 



612 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

JOSEPH HIXDS, flirmer, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Amber ; born November, 1823, 
in England; in 1849, came to Wisconsin; in 1862, came to Jones Co. ; owns ninety 
acres of laud. Married Mary Bradley in 1858 ; she was born in 1838, in England; 
have six children — Lucinda, Frank, Mary, Charles, Violet and Caroline. 

JOHN INGREUM, farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; born in 
August, 1824, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland ; in 1852, came to Illinois; in 1856, to 
Clayton Co., Iowa ; in 1860, he removed to Jones Co. ; owns eighty acres of land. 
Married Isabel Tripp in 1865 ; she was born in Pennsylvania. He enlisted, in 1862, 
in Co. H, 31st T. V. I. ; served to the end of the war. Republican. 

J. B. KEMMERER, farmer. Sec. 3; P. 0. Amber; born Dec. 5, 1831, 
in Lehigh Co., Penn. ; in 1870, he came to Jones Co. ; he owns 102 acres of land. 
Married Caroline Knerr April 2, 1854; she was born on Oct. 8, 1833, in Lehigh Co., 
Penn. ; have four children — Harrison S., Valentine F., Emma, Sarah E. Democrat ; 
Reformed Church. 

ADAM KRAMER, farmer, Sec. 20; P. 0. Anamosa ; born April 13, 
1832, in Franklin Co.. Ohio; in 1864, came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns 208 acres of 
land. Married Elizabeth Barnhart in 1862 ; she was born, in 1840, in Delaware Co., 
Ohio; have six children — Frances L., Minora J., Florence E., Norman F., Cora F. and 
Preston H. ; lost Rufus H. in 1873, aged 3 years. Democrat. 

JOSEPH E ASH WAY, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born July 4, 
1823, in Canada ; when a child he came to Franklin Co., Vt., with his parents ; at 
about the age of 20, he removed to Warren Co., N. Y. ; in 1855, came to Wisconsin ; 
in 1856, to Jackson Co., Iowa ; in 1866, he removed to his present farm ; owns forty- 
six acres of land, well improved. Married Abiah Wilcox April 10, 1847; she was 
born Feb. 9, 1828, in Warren Co., N. Y. Republican; Baptist. 

JOHN W. EYON, former, Sec. 14; P. 0. Amber; born Jan. 20, 1839, 
Warren Co., Ind. ; in 1849, came to Illinois; in 1856, came to Jones Co.; owns 
eighty acres of land; enlisted in 1862, in Co. E, 39th I. V. I. ; served to the end of 
the war; participated in the battles of Vicksburg, Jackson, Miss., Arkansas Post and 
Athens. Married Mary H. Chew in 1865; she was born in 1844, in New Jersey; 
have five children — John W., Cornelius M., William F., David F., and Vinton O. 
Democrat ; Christian Church. 

]!^JICHOLAS MAY, former, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Sept. 16, 1838, 
in Germany; when a child, he came to Virginia with his parents. In 1855, to Jones 
Co. ; he owns 260 acres of land. Married Mary Wagner Jan. 22, 1862; she was born 
in Hardin Co., Ohio; have four children — Maugie. Alice, Albert and Elva. 

I. H. MEEK, former. Sec. 13; P. 0.^ Amber ; born March 7, 1847, in Meigs 
Co., Ohio. In 1867, came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns eighty acres of land. Married 
Nancy E. Hammond in 1869 ; she was born in Illinois ; have three children — Jennetta 
B., George and Jane ; enlisted in 1864 in Co. G, 51st Ohio A'^. I. ; served to the end of 
the war ; Republican. 

JACOB W. MEEK, former, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Olin ; born Aug. 1, 1819, in 
Greene Co., Penn. In 1840, became to Ohio. In 1867, he removed to Jones Co., Iowa ; 
owns ninety-three acres of land. 3Iarried Ann Jane Clark May 7, 1839 ; she was born 
Dec. 4, 1820, in Virginia; have eight children — eTohn W., Eli C, James A., Isaac H., 
Melinda J., Lucinda C, Louis D. and Sarah E. Eli C. enlisted in 1861 in Co. D, ISth 
Ohio V. I. ; served three years ; was wounded at Stone River, Tenn. John W. enlisted 
in 1862 in Co. E, 75th Ohio V. I. ; served to the end of the war ; participated in the bat- 
tles of Gettysburg, Penn., Chancellorsville, Va. ; was taken prisoner near Jacksonville, 
Fla. James A .enlisted in 1864 in Co. E, 140th Ohio V. I. ; served four months. Isaac 
H. enlisted in 1864, Co. G. 51st Ohio V. I. ; served to the end of the war. 

ISAAC MERRILIi, farmer. Sec. 13; P. 0. Center Junction; born May 
19, 1833, in Monroe Co., Mich. In 1862, he came to Jones Co. ; owns ninety-three 
acres of land. Married Caroline Annis Jan. 10, 1863 ; she was born in Cattaraugus 
Co., N. Y. ; have six children — Ada M., Lawrence, Frank, Lillie, John P. and Caroline. 
Has been School Director ; Democrat. 



JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 613 

JACOB MOWREY, deceased; he was born Aug. 17, 1817, in Ohio. In 
1853, he came to Jones Co. In 1854, they removed to their present farm ; died in 
December, 1874. He married Hellen Snyder Oct. 16,1858 ; rhe was born in \ irginia ; 
she owns 330 acres of land ; have eight children — Emery S., Cymantha V., William 0., 
John v., Jennetta, Carrie V., Lyman and Alida E. ; he had seven children by a former 
marriage. All the improvements on his farm have been made by Mr. Mowrey since 
coming to it. Family reside on Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Anamosa. 

MICHAEL. XEVIL.L.E, fiirmer. Sec. 7 ; P. O. Anamosa ; born April 12, 
1829, in Ireland.. In 1847, came to New Brunswick. In 18G1, he came to I3oston, 
Mass. In 1865, to Jones Co. ; he owns 305 acres of land, all of which he has earned 
and paid for since coming to this county. Married Ellen Bowes in 1852 ; she was born 
in New Brunswick in 1833; have ten children — Robert G., Thomas, Mary, Michael, 
Ellen, Frank, William, Anna, Henry and Patrick. Is .Township Treasurer, and has 
been School Director several years. 

REV. _NATHAX POTTER, Sec. 22; P. 0. Anamosa; born Oct. 26, 
1835, in Licking Co., Ohio. In 1844, he came with his parents to Jackson Co. In 
1852, he came to Jones Co. ; he owns ninety acres of land. He commenced preaching 
in 1864, and has been engaged in this work and farming ever since ; he is now preach- 
ing as a Supply for an Independent Church. Married Clementine Demoss in 1860 ; she 
was born in Ohio ; have two children — Sarah S. and Mary C. He has held about all 
the township offices. The first Territorial Election for Commissioners was held at his 
father's house, in Jackson Co. 

JOHN SCHOOX, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Amber ; born April 7, 1847, in Ger- 
many. In 1870, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; he owns sixty acres of land. Married 
Mary Pappe in March, 1879 ; she was born in Illinois. 

VALENTINE SLIFE, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Olin ; born Oct. 3, 1822, 
in Fairfield Co., Ohio; in 1846, came to Johnson Co., Iowa; remained there eighteen 
months, then removed to Jones Co. and to his present farm ; owns ninety acres of land. 
Married Margaret M. Houstman in 1842; she was born in August, 1817, in New Jer- 
sey. Mr. S. has been Township Trustee about sixteen years. Democrat. 

EPHRAIM STECKEL, farmer, Sec. 9; P. 0. Amber; born in Lehigh 
Co., Peun., April 12, 1827 ; came to Jones Co. in 1871 ; carries on farm on shares with 
Mr. Smith, of Anamosa ; there are eighty acres in the farm. Wife's maiden name was 
Sally Ann Steckel, a native also of Pennsylvania ; they were married in their native 
State in 1854 ; have nine children — Franklin, Nathan Joseph, Milton, Sarah, Mary, 
Titty Ann, David, Walter and Appaseina. All the family are in the German Reformed 
Church ; Mr. S. is a Democrat. 

JAIIES STIVERS, farmer, Sec. 36; P. 0. Olin; born Oct. 20, 1825, in 
Genesee Co., N. Y.; in 1836, came to Ohio; in 1855, he came to Jones Co. He owns 
459 acres of land. His son E. H. enlisted, in 1864, in Co. F, 5th I. V. C; served to 
the end of the war. He married Elizabeth Clark in 1853 ; she was born in Virginia ; 
have ten children — John, Elvira, Alice, Charles, Olive, Emma, Dan D., Nellie, James 
and Elizabeth; has one son by a former marriage — Enos H. Republican. 

J. M. STREETER, firmer, Sec.^35; P. 0. Anamosa; born Sept. 21, 
1812, in Bradford Co., Penn.; in 1823, came to Seneca Co., N. Y.; thence to Tioga 
Co., N. Y.; in 1863, he came to Jones Co., Iowa. He owns 165 acres of land. Mar- 
ried Elizabeth Devoe in 1835 ; she was born in Yates Co., N. Y.; had ten children, 
eight living — D. C, E. M., A. L., Harriet, Victoria, Capitola, Sarah H. and J. L. 
Republican. 

PETER STRON<jr, farmer. Sec. 1.; P. 0. Center Junction ; born in July, 
1821, in Perthshire, Scotland ; in 1856, came to Columbiana Co , Ohio ; June 13, 1858, 
he came to Jones Co. He owns 200 acres of land. Married Ann Smith Dec. 8, 1842 ; 
she was born in Perthshire, Scotland. Republican ; Presbyterian. 

S. D. TARBOX, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Olin ; born Dec. 20, 1832, in 
Cortland Co., N. Y.; in November, 1855. he came to Jones Co., Iowa. He owns 193 
acres of land. Married Mary Brickley March 1,1860; she was born in Maryland; 



614 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

have three children — James L., William F. and Viola ; is School Treasurer and Direc- 
tor. Republican. 

ANTHONY WAGGONER, farmer, Sec. -i ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Dec. 
31,1815, in Alsace, France; in February, 1827, came to New York City; thence to 
Oneida Co.; he returned to New York City in 1832, and apprenticed to learn the car- 
penter trade; Oct. 4, 1837, he came to Hardin Co., Ohio; Oct. 26, 1854, he removed 
to Jones Co., Iowa, where he has since resided. He owns 128 acres of land. Married 
Mary A. Emart Sept. 1, 1838 ; she was born in Somerset Co., Penn., Sept. 22, 1822 ; 
died in November, 18G3 ; have four children — Jacob, Lucy E., Eliza Jane and Mary ; 
he has one son by his first marriage — Charles B.; he has also one son by his present 
marriage — Abiah C. Republican ; Christian Church. 

BARNHART WAGNER, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born Aug. 
26, 1809, in Alsace, France; Feb. 22. 1827, he came to New York City, thence to 
Oneida Co.; in 1833, came to Ohio; in 1853, to Jones Co. He owns 200 acres of 
land. Married Barbara Emart in 1840 ; she was born in Somerset Co., Penn., in 1826 ; 
died in March, 1862 ; had eight children — Joseph, George, Anthony, Zachariah, Mary, 
Phebe, Catharine and Eliza. Second marriage to Grace Tallman in September, 1862 ; 
she was born in Franklin Co., Ohio; have one child — John. Democrat. Mrs. W. is 
a member of the M. E. Church. 

JOSEPH WOODS, former. Sec. 8; P. 0. Anamosa; was born Feb. 4, 
1824, in Fjedcrick Co., Va ; in 1859, came to Ogle Co., 111.; in 1864, came to Iowa; 
in the spring of 1865, he removed to his present farm, known as the Circle Hill Farm, 
consisting of 160 acres; all of his buildings are well protected with a large supply of 
fruit and forest trees of his own planting, consisting of maple, evergreens, pines and 
other varieties, in all about ten acres, all situated on a beautiful ridge or circle of land. 
He married Miss Rebecca Shepherd Feb. 15, 1849 ; she was born in 1823 in Frederick 
Co., Va.; have five children — Charles (now in Texas), Francis M., Clarence C. (now 
attending the Commercial College at Dubuque), Sarah and Eugene. Mr. W. organized 
the district school known as the Wagner District. Republican. 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 

WILLI A:« H. ALDEN, farmer. Sec. 34; P.O.Wyoming; born Sept. 
21, 1820, in Plymouth Co., Mass.; in 1855, came to Jones Co. Owns 430 acres of 
land. Has been School Director, Township Trustee, Township Collector, Township 
Treasurer, etc. Married Emily J. Williams in February, 1857 ; she was born in 
Vermont ; have five children — Alton G., Hattie, Mary, Emma and Edith. Repub- 
lican. 

J. W' . ALEXANDER, former. Sec. 10; P. O.Onslow; born Oct. 1, 
1828, in Ireland; in 1833, came to Dearborn Co., Ind.; in 1858, to Jackson Co.; in 
1861, he removed to Jones Co. He owns 205 acres of land. His mother lives here 
with him ; she is now in her 93d year ; his father died in 1844, aged 55 years. 

SAMUEL ALEXANDER, former, Sec. 15; P. 0. Center Junction; 
born Dec. 8, 1834, in Ireland ; when a child, he came to Dearborn Co., Ind., with his 
parents; in 1858, he came to Jackson Co.; in 1861, he removed to Jones Co. He 
owns 140 acres of land. Married Phebe A. Gale Jan. 3, 1871 ; she was born in 
Schoharie Co., N. Y., Feb. 16, 1847; have four children — Mary, Nellie, Sarah and 
Lulu. Republican. 

JOHN BENDER, farmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Wyoming; born Feb. 4, 1835, 
in Pennsylvania ; in 1845, he came to Ohio ; in 1849, to Illinois; in 1852, to Jones Co., 
where he has since resided. lie owns 210 acres of land. On June 4, 1852, he broke 
the first land ever broken in Madison Township. He married Lavina R. Brownell in 
1859 ; she was born July 5, 1840, in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; they have four children 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 615 

— Mary R., James L., Carrie I. and Ada E. Mr. Bender is School Director. Repub- 
lican ; family attend the M. E. Church. 

JOH»f F. BROWN, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; born March 
11,18-12, in Perthshire, Scotland; in 1867, he came to Jones Co. ; owns 240 acres 
land. Married Mrs. J. Livingston in May, 1878; she was born in 1815, in Scotland; 
have one child — William L. ; she has three children by a former marriage — Mary M., 
Jessie D. and Catherine Livingston. Republican, and member of the Presbyterian 
Church. 

L.IAIi €AREY% former, Sec. 31; P. 0. Wyoming; born July 22, 1810, in 
Dearborn Co., Ind. ; in 1853, came to Jackson Co. ; in 1860, he came to Jones Co. ; 
owns 130 acres land ; enlisted in 1862, in Co. K, 31st I. V. I. ; served to the end of 
the war. Married Jennie Ridings in 1871 ; she was born in Jones Co. ; have two chil- 
dren — Lottie A. and James R. Republican. 

J. E. CODER, furniture. Center Junction; born Dec. 25, 1811, in West- 
moreland Co., Penn. ; in 1856, he came to Jackson Co.; in 1866, he removed to Jones 
Co.; commenced his present business in 1876. 3Iarried Sarah NeLson in 1868 ; she 
was born in Pennsylvania ; have three children, two sons and one daughtei*. Repub- 
lican. Mrs. C. is a member of the United Presbyterian Church. 

J. K. CONMEY, farmer, Sec. 31; P. 0. Wyoming; born July 26, 1839, 
in Lockport, N. Y. ; in 1811. he came, with his parents, to Pennsylvania ; in 1863, he 
came to Jones Co. Owns eightyacres of land. Married Miss A. M. Kimball in 1867; 
she was born in Wisconsin ; have one child — Fred W., a^ed 7 years. 

WILLIAM F. DAGWELL, boots and shoes, Onslow ; born May 11, 
1833, in Troy, N. Y. ; he came, when a child, to New Haven, Oswego Co., N. Y., 
where he remained till about the age of 21 ; he then came West, and settled in 
McHenry Co., 111., there he remained about eight years, when he returned East; in 
1867, he returned to McHenry Co., 111. ; in 1859, he came to Lyons, Iowa; in 1872, 
he removed to Onslow. Married Christiann Fryer Sept. 17, 1851 ; she was born in 
Schenectady Co., N. Y. ; have two children — Frances E. and Emma. Presbyterian ; 
Republican. 

NELSON DAY, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Center Junction; born April 3, 
1835, in Chautauqua Co., N. Y. ; in 1817, he came to Pennsylvania; in 186!}, he 
came to Jones Co. ; owns 100 acres of land. Married Mary Jenkins in 1861 ; she 
was born in Erie Co., Penn. ; have four children — John A., Ella, Adaline and C. M. 
Republican ; M. E. Church. 

II. O. FELTON, firmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; born March 
11, 1827, in Highland Co., Ohio; in 1831, came to Marion Co., Ind.; in 1853, to 
Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 250 acres of land; he taught school in Scotch Grove 
Township during the seasons of 1853 and 1851, and has held all the township and 
school offices. Married Anna ^I. Krouse Aug. 29, 1851; she was born in Germany 
in 1833 ; have eight children— Margaret F., George L., Alfred N., Oliver J., Charles 
W., Anna M., Harlan P. and William R. Republican. 

JOHN L. FINCH, former. Sec. 23; P. 0. Wyoming; born April 21, 
1830, in Oswego Co., N. Y.; in 1813, he came, with his parents, to Michigaa ; in 
1856, he came to Illinois; in 1876, he came to his present farm ; owns 120 acres of 
land. Married Sarah J. Keni.son Nov. 25, 1871; she was born in Canada. He 
has seven children by a former marriage — Emma, Ella, Freeman J., Dudley D., Edwin, 
John and Mary. Republican. 

S. L. GILBERT, firm of C. S. & S. L. Gilbert, Wyoming Valley Cheese 
Factory, Onslow; he was born March 7, 1835. in Herkimer Co., N. Y.; in 1856, he 
came to Jones Co.; he owns 205 acres of land ; this cheese-foctory was established in 
1867, being the oldest factory in Iowa; the cheese manufactured here is equal to the 
New York factories ; they are making about one hundred thousand pounds a season. 
He was married to Miss Eveline M. Seaman in December, 1855; she was born in 
Herkimer Co., N. Y.; they have five children— Homer L., Ida L., Ada, Lydia L. and 
FredD.; lost Lester D., aged 15 years. Republican; M. E. Church. 



616 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

S. M. GrRAVKS, farmer, Sec. 17; P.O. Center Junction; born Jan. 3, 
1840, in Wyoming Co., N. Y.; in 1860, he came to Ohio; in 1864, lie came to Jones 
Co.; he owns 200 acre.s of land. Married Mary E. Thomas in 1864 ; she was born in 
Ohio; have two children — Isadore and James. He has held most of the township 
oiiices; Republican. Mrs. G. is a member of the M. E. Church. 

CHARLES R. €JR1DL.EY, farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. Onslow; born Feb. 
18, 1842, in La Grange Co., Ind.; in 1859, he came to Jones Co.; he enlisted in August, 
1861. in Co. D, 9th I. V. I.; served to the end of the war ; he owns 170 acres of land. 
Married Mary Vj. Wasson in 1865 ; she was born in New York; had four children, two 
living — Leona J. and Mary J. Republican ; Presbyterian Church. 

R. R. HANNA, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Wyoming; born Dec. 7, 1825, in 
Westmoreland Co., Penn.; in 1832, he came to Ohio; in 1845, he came to Jones Co.; 
he owns 315 acres of land. Married Margaret A. Mitchell in 1853 ; she was born in 
Ohio in 1 835 ; she came to Jones Co. with her parents in 1845 ; they have three children 
Filial S., William D. and Orie. He has held most of the township offices; Repub- 
lican : Presbyterian Church. 

Cj}. N. hay, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Wyoming; born April 12, 1817, in 
Cortland Co., N. Y.; in 1828, he came to Wayne Co., Ohio ; in 1856, he came to Jones 
Co.; he owns forty acres of land. Married Emily J. Hawley in 1861 ; she was born 
in Canada; have two children, one son and one daughter. 

JAMES G. HUGGANS, tarmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born July 
30, 1830, in Greene Co., N. Y.; in 1857, he came to Illinois ; April, 1867, he came to 
his present farm ; he owns 100 acres of land. Married Susan A. Angle March 8, 
1860 ; she was born in Greene Co., N. Y".; have two children — Sarah L. and George 
E. Democrat. 

ARNER KlillRALL., farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born March 20, 
1812, in Grafton Co., N. H.; in 1843, he came to Wisconsin ; in 1856, he came to 
Jones Co.; he owns 320 acres of land. Married Sarah D. Spinney in 1839 ; she was 
born in Portsmouth, X. H.; have .six children — Sarah J., x\bner M., John M., Ann M., 
James M. and Ellen R. John M. enlisted in 1862, in Co. K, 24th I. Y. I.; served 
about seven months ; was discharged on account of disability. Republican ; religion, 
free-thinker. 

J. A. L.EMASTER, farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born Jan. 9, 1843, 
at Vinegar Hill, Wis.; in 1868, he came to Jones Co.; he owns eighty acres of land. 
Married Mi.ss Orpha A. Wright in 1878; she was born in Jo Daviess Co., III.; have 
one child — Alpheus E.; he enlisted in 1861, in Co. D, 45th I. V. I.; served through 
the war. Republican. 

EDLEF L.EVSEX, farmer. Sec. 36; P. 0. Wyoming; born April 4, 
1811, in Germany ; in 1869, came to Clinton Co. ; in 1875, came to Jones Co. ; owns 
240 acres of land. Married Elsabe Jansen in 1854 ; she was born in Germany ; have 
three children — Martha, Elizabeth and Peter. He has three children by a former mar- 
riage — Hans, Auiiust and Lena. She has one child by a former marriage — Mary. 

D. F. LEWIS, dealer in live stock, Onslow; born May 23, 1837, in Tioga 
Co., Penn. ; in 1874, he came to Onslow, and engaged in butchering. Married Matilda 
M. Plant on Oct. 4, 1857 ; she was born in Canada; have two children — Edward W. 
and Julia L. 

RAVID G. LYOX, former, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born Feb. 25, 1829, 
in New York ; in 1836, came to Michigan, with his parents, thence to Illinois ; 
in 1863, he came to Jones Co., Iowa ; he owns 120 acres of land. Married Margaret 
Crawford in 1850 ; she was born in Pennsylvania ; have two children — William J. and 
Alma. He is Township Treasurer, and School Director of Madison Center. Repub- 
lican. 

THOMAS LYA:^S, farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Center Junction; born- Dec. 
29, 1821, in Harrison Co., Ohio ; in 1851, he came to Dubuque. Co., Iowa; in 1856, 
he came to Missouri, and, in the fall of this year, he removed to Jones Co., and to his 
present farm, where he has since resided ; he owns 760 acres of land. Married Rebecca 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 617 

A. Guthrie in 1858 ; slie was born in 1826, in Harrison Co., Ohio ; they have twelve 
children — seven sons and five daughters. Republican ; Presbyterian Church. 

R. W. McCREADY/ farmer, Sec. U; P. 0. Wyoming; born Dec. U, 
1836, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; he attended the Hayesville Institute, Ashland Co., 
four years; at the age of 19, he commenced teaching school, and so continued for 
about eight years ; in 1870, he came to Wyoming, and taught during the falls and 
winters of 1870, and 1871, and 1872; he owns 160 acres of land. Married Miss 
Ellen Gault in 1863; she was born in Ashland Co., Ohio ; had four children, three 
living — Robert W., Willie and infant not named ; lost William E., aged ten years. 
Republican ; Presbyterian Church. 

AXDREW McDonald, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; bora 
Jan. 31, 1837, in Perth.shire, Scotland; he came to Jones Co., with his parents, in 
1855 ; he owns 180 acres of land; has always been a School Director. Married Mar- 
garet Smith May 28, 1860 ; she was born in Scotland ; have two children — John A. 
and Eliza A. ; lost Maraaret E. in infancy. Republican ; Presbyterian Ciiurch. 

JOHN McDonald, farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0. Center Junction; he was 
born in Perthshire, Scotland; on Oct. 1, 1850, he came to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
and at once was appointed Superintendent of the building of the Cincinnati & Dayton 
Railroad ; the following year he removed to St. Louis, and superintended laying the 
first railroad track west of the Mississippi, running from St. Louis to Franklin ; dis- 
tance about thirty-five miles ; in 1852, he came to Galena, 111., and was engaged in 
building that portion of the Illinois Central Railroad running east and west of Galena ; 
in the fall of 1854, he came to Jones Co., and entered 360 acres of land, and now owns 
about 480 acres, nearly all of which he has improved ; his parents came to Jones Co. 
in 1855, and have always made their home here. His father was born in 1789, and 
his mother in 1791, both in Perthshire, Scotland. 

E. W. McGlTIRE, farmer. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; was born 
Jan. 16, 1848, in Ashland Co., Ohio; in April, 1879, he came to his present farm, 
consisting of eighty acres of land. He was married to Jane.Creswell Jan. 22, 1869 ; 
she was born Sept. 6, 1844, in Ashland Co., Ohio; died April 1, 1877; have six 
children — Tullos, Idella (Ben and Byron are twins), Amanda E. and R. R. Second 
marriage to Mary A. Brown July 25, 1878 ; she was born in Adams Co., Ind. M. E. 
Church. 

Cr. A. MERSHORN, physician and surgeon, Onslow ; born April 25, 1852, 
in Jones Co., Iowa. He commenced the study of medicine in 1874, graduating at the 
Physio-Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1878, he returned to Onslow. Married 
Marcia Bedford in 1874; she was born in Jones Co.; have two children — Ada May 
and Nerr Lee. Democrat ; Christian Church. 

ELIJAH A NEWEL.L, farmer, Sec. 35; P. 0. Wyoming; born Feb. 13, 
1808, in Bradford Co., Penn; in 1855, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; owns 180 acres 
of land. Married Anna Post in 1830 ; she was born in 1811 in Bradford Co., Penn. ; 
have four children — Mary E. (now Mrs. Slife), Elizabeth (now Mrs. Merritt), Stephen 
C. and Armella (now Mrs. Arnold). Stephen C, who is now managing the farm, was 
married to Miss Lizzie Campbell Sept. 14, 1876 ; she was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y. ; 
she came with her parents to Jones Co., in 1857 ; they have one child— Orrin. Repub- 
lican. 

X. B. NOYCES, Postmaster, Onslow; born Oct. 21, 1834, in Addison Co., 
Vt. In 1861, came to Iowa, then returned to Ohio, and enlisted in Co. F, 29th Ohio 
V. I. ; served fourteen months ; was discharged on account of physical disabiltiy ; he 
then returned to Ohio; in 1864, he came to Jones Co. Married Henrietta Crowell 
in 1864; she was born in 1836 in Ohio; died in 1866; have one child— J. Gratie. 
Second marriage to Miss M. J. Worrell in 1867 ; she was born in Ohio ; have five chil- 
dren^Berthalvi., Fannie E., Walter T., Arthur E. and an infant not named. Repub- 
lican ; M. E. Church. 

GEORGE E. OSBORN, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born Aug. 
29, 1836, in Otsego Co., N. A". ; in 1838, came to Bureau Co., 111., with his parents; 



618 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

in 1861, he came to Jones Co. ; owns 160 acres of land. Enlisted in 1862 in Co. K. 
24th I. V. I. ; served to the end of the war. Has been Township Collector, Assessor, 
Treasurer, etc. Married Mary E. Sly in 1857 ; she was born in Chemung Co., N. Y. j 
they have an adopted son — William. Mrs. Osborn is a member of the ^l. E. Church. 

ISAAC OVERLEY, farmer, Sec. 3; P. O. Center Junction; born July 
17, 1827, in Fleming; Co., Ky. ; in 1844, came to Indiana; in 1850, to Polk Co., Iowa, 
then returned to Indiana; in 1851, he came to Jones Co., where he has since resided ; 
he owns 140 acres of land. Married Mary E. Krouse in March, 1856 ; she was bora 
in Germany ; have seven children — P]meline M., Charles M., Elmer E., William F. and 
Margaret F. are twins, Mary I. and John. Republican. 

WIELIAM L. OVERLEY, farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. Onslow; born Aug. 
8, 1847, iu Fleming Co., Ky. ; in 1853, he came to Jones Co. ; owns 120 acres of land, 
which his father entered. Married Ellen South in 1870 ; she was born in Canada; have 
four children — Ada, Sarah, Emma aud Bessie M. Republican ; M. E. Church. 

•f . 31. PAUE, physician and surgeon, Onslow ; born April 3, 1844, in Colum- 
biana Co., Ohio ; ill 1854, came to Marion Co., Iowa; in 1872, he removed to Onslow. 
He commenced the study of medicine in 1860, with Dr. J. D. Wright, of Knoxville, 
Iowa ; graduated in the spring of 1866, at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
jNIarried Miss Mary J. Boyer in 1866 ; she was born in Belmont Co., Ohio ; have two 
children — Frank and Mary. He enlisted in April, 1861, in Co B, 3d I. V. I. ; served 
to the end of the war. Republican ; M. E. Church. 

ISRAEL PEEKEY% farmer and painter, Sec. 35; P. 0. Wyoming; born 
July 4, 1829, in Swanton, Vt. ; in 1857, he came to Michigan; in 1866, he came to 
Jones Co. ; he owns ten acres of land — also engaged in painting. Married Loraine 
Mills in 1856 ; she was born in Bridport, Vt. ; have fjur children — Lewellen, William, 
Alice and Charles. He enlisted in 1862 in the 5th Mich. Battery; afterward re-enlisted 
in the 8th Mich. Cav. ; served to the end of the war. Republican ; M. E. Church. 

AUSTIN N. READE, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. O.Onslow; born Nov. 2, 1842, 
in Marion Co., Ind. ; in 1S52, he came with his parents to Jones Co. ; he owns ninety 
acres of land. Married Ellen M. Osborn in 1871 ; she was born in Wisconsin; have 
three children — Orra I., Jessie May and Edith J. Republican ; M. E. Church. 

J. READE, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Onslow; born Dec. 13, 1853, in Jones 
Co., Iowa; he owns eighty acres of land. Married Mary E. Silsbee March 18, 1875; 
she was born Sept. 5, 1855, in Wyoming Township; have one child — Myrtie Belle. 
Republican. 

J. D. RHODES, farmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Wyoming; born April 10, 1832, 
in Ohio; in 1851, he came to Jackson Co.; in 1869, he removed to Jones Co. ; he 
owns 240 acres of land ; is Treasurer of the School Board. Married Susanna James 
in October, 1858; she was born in Maryland; have seven children — Francis M., Mary 
E., Margaret J., John W., William P. (Elva and Ella are twins). Democrat. 

XATHAN SHAFFER, farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Wyoming; born Sept. 18, 
1823, in Columbia Co., Penn. ; in 1863, came to Clinton Co.; in 1865, he returned 
to Jones Co. ; he owns 356 acres of land ; he has been Justice of the Peace, member of 
the School Board, etc. Married Mary A. Dursh in 1859 ; she was born in Center Co., 
Penn. ; had five children, four living — Hattie B., William 0., Charles B. and Maggie; 
lost Arthur, aged about two years. Republican ; M. E. Church. 

D. H. SHERRILL, former, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born Feb. 13, 1828, 
in Madison Co., N. Y. ; in 1853, came to Illinois; in 1855, he came to Jones Co. j 
owns 135 acres of land. Married Elvira Houck in February, 1858; she was born in 
Delaware Co., N. Y. ; have four children — Samuel D., Hattie R., William A. and Lewis 
M. Has been Constable. Township Treasurer, etc ; Republican. 

THO.nAS X. SILSBEE, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. O. Onslow; born June 29, 
1822, near Albany, N. Y. ; in 1836, he came to Ohio with his parents; in 1840, he 
came to Des Moines Co. ; ia 1843, to Jackson Co. ; in 1849, he visited Jones Co., and 
bought 160 acres of land ; in 1853, he removed to this county, and has since resided 
here. He was the first Constable in Wyoming Township ; he now owns forty acres. 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 619 

Married Susan Conaly in 1854; she was born in 1836 in Mercer Co., Penn. ; have six 
children — Mary E., John C, Sarah J., Laura W., George B. and Lottie. Democrat. 

JOHN H. SMITH, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. O. Center Junction ; born Sept. 15, 
1827, in Perthshire, Scotland ; in 1850, he came to New York City. ; in 1856, lie came to 
Jones Co. ; owns 400 acres of land, most of which has been improved by himself; he 
has held most of the township offices. Married Eliza Smith in 1857 ; she was born in 
Perthshire, Scotland ; have ten children — Jessie, EUia, James, David, John, Benjamin, 
William, Ann, Alva and Agnes. Bepublican. Mrs. Smith is a member of the Pres- 
byterian Church. 

WILLIAM STORY, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Wyoming ; born Dec. 18, 1827, 
in England; in 1841, he came to Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; in 1854, he came to Jackson 
Co., Iowa. ; in 1868, he removed to Jones Co. ; he owns 400 acres of land. Married 
Hanna Barto in 1851; she was born in Cortland Co., N. Y. ; have five children — 
Horace D., Thomas H., Rosa C, Willie and Lillie May. Republican. 

D. W. SUTHERIi A]^l>, live stock and grain. Center Junction ; born 
Jan. 26, 1845, in Jones Co., Iowa; engaged in farming until 1878, when he commenced 
his present business ; he owns seventy acres of land in Scotch Grove Township. Mar- 
ried Anna Espy in 1871 ; she was born in Pennsylvania; have two children — Leal and 
Ralph G. Republican ; Presbyterian. 

S. W. riVDERWOOD, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born May 28, 
1822, in South Kingston, R. I.; when a child he came to New York with his parents ; 
in 1870, he came to his present farm ; he owns 240 acres of land. Married Bridget 
Ryan in 1853; she was born in Rhode Island; have nine children — Margaret A., 
Francelia, William H., Samuel H., Mary, Sylvester, John H., Alice and Amy B. 
Republican. 

R. T. VAX, fiirmer. Sec. 35; P. 0, Wyoming; born April 6, 1816, in 
Fayette Co., Ohio; in 1831, he came to Marion Co., Ind.; in 1838, to Jo Daviess Co., 
111.; in 1839, he came to Jones Co., Iowa; he owns 110 acres of land. Married Hes- 
ter Ann Van June 3, 1839 ; she was born Feb. 24, 1822, in Morgan Co., Ind.; have 
five children — William H., Azilda, Sylvester Fenton, Lyman L. and Alice. Republi- 
can ; belongs to M. E. Church. 

DAVID A. WALTERS, manufacturer, Onslow; born April 26, 1827, 
in Herkimer Co., N. Y.; in 1861, he came to Jones Co.; engaged in farming until 
1877, when he engaged in the lumber trade, and is now engaged in iron fence manu- 
facturing. Married Mrs. Watkins in March, 1852 ; she was born in Herkimer Co., N. 
Y.; have one child — Albert F. Republican : Free-Will Baptist. 

JOHN WASSON, Sr., farmer,' Sec. 2; P. O. Onslow; born Dec. 9, 
1812, in Ayrshire, Scotland; in 1832, he came to New York ; in 1853, he came to 
Jones Co.; he owns 140 acres of land. Married Jemima Russell in 1844 ; she was 
born in Ayrshire, Scotland, June 12, 1814 ; have seven children — John, Jane, Mary 
E., William, Jennette, James and Joseph ; lost George, aged 2 years and 9 months. 
Republican ; belongs to the Presbyterian Church. 

JOHN WASSON, Jr., farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Onslow ; born May 6, 
1842, on the Atlantic Ocean ; in 1853, he came with his parents to Jones Co.; he 
owns 123 acres of land. Married Sarah Himebaugh Sept. 2, 1874 ; she was born in 
Jones Co. in 1852 ; have two children — Bertie and Bertha. Republican ; belongs to 
M. E. Church. 




620 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 

J. Li. ACHESON, farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Langworthy ; bora in Ohio in 
1828; in March, 1855, he came to the State of Iowa; came to Jones Co. in 1866; 
owns 160 acres of land in Wayne, and 35 acres in Richland (timber-land). Has been 
Collector of his town. Mr. Acheson has been married three times; the maiden name 
of his first wife was Elizabeth McCuUough, a native of Ohio, and died two years after 
their marriage ; the luaiden name of his second wife was Catharine Heasty, also a 
native of Ohio; they were married in 1857; she died in 1869; the present wife's 
name was Mary Jane Brush; she, too. was from Ohio; they were married in 1871 ; 
had, by his second wife, seven children, three of whom are now living — R. H., James 
M. and J. L. Mr. and Mrs. Acheson are members of the U. P. Church ; he is a 
Republican. 

ELISHA ACKERMAlf, farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in 
Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1791 ; came to Jones Co. in 1852. His wife's maiden name 
was Betsey Brundage. also a native of New York ; they were married, in their native 
State, in 1811 ; have had eleven children, nine of whom are living — Rachel, Olivia, 
Eleanor, Erastus, Nancy, Delilah, De Witt Clinton, Isaac, Margaret and Jane ; of 
these, one, a son, Isaac, was in the late civil war; he enlisted, in 1863, in an Iowa reg- 
iment; discharged at the close of the war, in 1865 ; was wounded by being thrown 
from a horse while in the service, and disabled for life. The subject of this sketch, Mr. 
Elisba Ackerman, was in the war of 1812 ; he enlisted in 1814, and was in about four 
months, a member of Capt. Collimore's company. No. 2. He has children, grand- 
children, great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren, numbering, all together, 
over one hundred ; a number of his grandchildren were also in the late war of the 
rebellion (seven of them ). Mr. Ackerman is nearly 90 years of age. and is one of the 
oldest men and oldest settlers of Jones Co. ; his health is quite good for one of his age, 
has a good memory, and converses readily, and, aside from a lameness that he has, has 
no serious physical trouble. He owns eighty acres of land where he lives, and forty 
acres of timber-land in Monticello Township. He is a Republican. 

HENRY ADAHS, farmer. Sees. 5 and 6; P. 0. Langworthy; owns 166 
acres of land. He was born in Cumberland Co., Penn., in 1837 ; came to Jones Co. in 
1865. His wife's maiden name was McLain, a native of Iowa; they were married in 
1859 ; have five children — John Franklin, Benjamin Douglass, William Alexander, 
Henry, Katherine Elizabeth. Mr. Adams is a Democrat. 

HENRY ALBERTSON, farmer. Sec. 6; P.O. Langworthy; born in 
Pennsylvania in 1823; came to Jones Co. in 1856, where he has since resided. Wife's 
maiden name was Jane Dunmer, a native of Pennsylvania also ; they were married Oct. 
5, 1843; have had ten children, eight of whom are now living, named as follows : 
Charles, James, Elizabeth, Daniel, Isabelle, Mary, Susan, Grant ; those dead were 
named Sarah and Jacob. One son was in the late war of the rebellion, Charles, a 
member of the 31st I. V. I. ; enlisted in September, 1861 ; was discharged July 4, 
1865; he belonged to Co. H ; was wounded in the leg, below the knee, by a shot which 
struck it at the battle of Memphis, Tenn. ; was also in the battle at Lookout Mountain, 
and, while there, captured five rebels and marched them into camp alone ; was under 
Gen. Sherman during the latter part of the war, and was in the famous •' march to the 
sea ;" was also at Richmond when it fell. Mr. Albertson has been a Road Supervisor 
in his town ; he and his family are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. A. is a Repub- 
lican ; owns 1 50 acres. 

WILIilAM AL.BERTISON, farmer, Sec. 6; P. 0. Langworthy; born 
in Pennsylvania in 1821 ; came to Jones Co. in 1857, where he has since resided ; wife's 
maiden name was Rebecca Brush, also a native of Pennsylvania; they were married in 
1847 ; had eleven children, six living, named as follows: Margaret Jane, Mary Ellen, 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 621 

Oarl, Martha, Hattie and William. Mr. and Mrs. Albertson are members of the 
United Presbyterian Church. Mr. A. is a Republican ; owns 160 acres. 

ISABELLA BACHER, farmer, Sec. 33; P. 0. Amber; born in Allen- 
town, Lehi<i;h Co., Penn., in 1825; came to Jones Co. April 9, 1870. Her husband, 
Mr. Amos Bacher, was a native of Pennsylvania also; he died in 1861 ; they were mar- 
ried in 1844; have seven children living — William, Mary, Frances, John, George, 
Annie and Charles ; the last-named lives at home ; at present is at the school at Fulton, 
111. Mrs. Bacher. owns eighty acres ; she is a member of the Presbyterian Church in 
Anamosa ; her boys are Republicans. 

AHBERT BATCHEIiDER, farmer, Sec. 7; P.O. Langworthy; he 
and his brother Stephen are engaged largely in the raising and selling of stock and 
supplying milk to the creamery at Langworthy; born in New Hampshire in 1832; 
came to Jones Co. in 1850; has lived here since that time. Wife's maiden name was 
Harriet Hunter, a native of New York ; they were married July 3, 1863 ; have had 
four children, three of whom are living, named as follows: Louis, Charles, Ernest and 
Minnie. Mr. Batchelder is a Road Supervisor in his town ; he and his brother, 
Stephen, are among the oldest settlers in their part of the county ; when they came 
there, there were only two houses in the part of the township where they live, and, 
where their houses now stand, grass was growing six feet high. Mr. Batchelder is a 
Republican ; owns ninety-one acres, all under cultivation. 

S. €. BATCHELDER, farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Langworthy; born in New 
Hampshire in 1820 ; he came to Jones Co. in 1850, where he has since resided, except 
during a period of three years, when he was in California. His wife's maiden name 
was Nancy P^dson, a native of New York; they were married May 16, 1877. Mrs B. 
is a member of the M. E. Church. Mr. Batchelder has been Road Supervisor in his 
town. He is a Republican. Owns 100 acres. 

JOHN BATES, farmer. Sec. 4 ; also has land on Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Lang- 
worthy ; born in New York in 1833, Fulton Co., town of Oppenheim ; came to Jones 
Co. in 1856. Was in the late civil war, a member of the 2d I. V. I. ; was enrolled 
Oct. 11, 1864; discharged in the middle of July, 1865; was in Co. C; was wounded 
in the shoulder and taken prisoner at Macon, Ga., while out foraging; was paroled and 
sent home and then discharged ; was in Andersonville Prison about two weeks, and a 
prisoner also at Macon four months ; he was in the last lot of men that were discharged 
from the prison at Andersonville. He has been Township Clerk, and is now a member 
of the Board of Supervisors. His wife's maiden name was Helen Thompson, a native 
of Delaware Co., N. Y. ; they were married in 1865 ; have two children — Charles and 
Chauncey. Mr. B. is a Republican. Owns 150 acres. 

MRS. ELIZABETH BIGGLER, farmer. Sec. 32; P. O. Anamosa; 
born in Pennsylvania in 1824; her mother is living; her father is dead; she came to 
Jones Co. in 1861 ; her husband, Mr. Washington Biggler, died in 1877; he was a 
native of Mercer Co., Penn., and a brother of Hon. William Biggler, ex-Governor of 
that State, who was also United States Senator and one of the Directors of the Cen- 
tennial. Mrs. Biggler, the subject of this sketch, and her husband were married in 
their native State May 25, 1847 ; have had fourteen children, six of whom are now 
living — William Washington, Ida Annetta, Fannie Elsie, Virginia Lorain, Elizabeth 
Bertha, Amanda Lillia ; the two older are married, viz., William and Ida; William 
lives in the house with his mother ; Ida is married to Mr. Rhue, near Blue Cut, in 
same county. Mr. Biggler was in the Custom House in Philadelphia for some time 
before he come West. He was in politics a Democrat, in religion a Methodist, as are 
also his wife and some of the children. Owns 160 acres, 100 of which are under cul- 
tivation. 

HEJfRY BOHLKEX^, farmer. Sec. 25; P. 0. Amber; born in Germany 
in 1854; came to America and Jones Co. in 1872. Farm consists of 270 acres, 
belonging to the Hildenbrandt estate ; Mr. Hildenbrandt died in 1865. Maiden name 
of Mrs. Bohlken was Maggie Hildenbrandt, a native of New York; they were married 
in 1876. Mrs. Hildenbrandt died in July, 1879 ; there were nine children ; names of 



622 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

those living are George, Maggie, Minnie and Philip. Mr. Bohlken is a Democrat, and 
so is also George Hildenbrandt. 

JOHN BODEKER, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Monticello ; born in Ger- 
many in 1825 ; came to America and Jones Co. in 1866. Owns eighty acres. His 
wife's maiden name was Annie Tobiasen, a native of Germany also ; they were married 
in 1861 ; have one child — Francis. Mr. Bodeker was a soldier in the old country. 
He and all the family are Lutherans ; Mr. B. is a Republican. 

HUCwH BOWE\, farmer, Sec. 1; P. 0. Monticello; born in Jones Co., 
Iowa, on " Bowen's Prairie ; " his father settled there, and the prairie received its name 
in honor of him ; Mr. Bowen, Sr., was one of the oldest settlers in Jones Co. ; he died 
in Colorado in 1864; his wife is still living and in Richland Township. His wife's 
maiden name was Jane Simmons, a native of Illinois ; they were married in June, 
1878 ; they have one child. Mr. B. lives on the farm of his father-in-law, Mr. Henry 
Simmons, and is also engaL'ed in hauling milk to the creamery at Monticello. Mr. B. 
is a Democrat. 

F. C BROWX, farmer, Sec. 7; P. O. Langworthy ; was born in Chautau- 
qua Co., N. Y., in 1839 ; came to Jones Co. in 1866. Was in the war of the rebel- 
lion, and a member of an Illinois regiment. His wife's maiden name was Parker, a 
native also of New York, town of Fredonia ; they were married in 1867; have one 
child — Frank P. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are members of the M. E. Church ; he is a 
Democrat. Owns 194 acres; also owns several town lots and one house in the village 
of Langworthy ; his home is also inside the limits of the town; has a fine farm, well 
stocked ; deals in stock and supplies the creamery with milk ; has twenty-four cows. 

JANE BRUSH, farmer, Sec. 10; P. 0. Monticello; owns eighty acres of 
land; was born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., in 1800; came to Jones Co. in 1868. 
Her husband, Mr. Joseph Brush, died in this county in 1858, while on a visit to one 
of his sons; they were married in 1820, in Pennsylvania; Mr. Brush was born in 
Ireland ; they have had ten children, eight now living — Daniel, Margaret, Rebecca, 
Baptiste, George, William, Nancy and Mary Jane; the children are all married and 
settled in life. Mr. Brush, when alive, was a member of the U. P. Church ; Mrs. 
Brush is now in the same Church; all of the children, except Nancy, are in the U. P. 
Church (she is a Methodist). Mr. Brush was a Democrat; the boys are Republicans. 
Mrs. Brush's maiden name was Hoy. 

WILLIAII H. BRU!!$H, farmer. Sec. 10; P. 0. Monticello; manages 
his mother's farm ( Mrs. Jane Brush) ; he owns timber-land in Scotch Grove ; was born 
in Westmoreland Co., Penn.; came to Jones Co. in 1868. His wife's maiden name was 
Pomeroy, a native of Ohio ; they were married in 1860 ; have seven children — Jennie 
Elizabeth, Mary Ellen, Samuel Roll, John Pomeroy, Annie Lois, Ada Alice, Ethel 
Florence. Mr. and Mrs. Brush and three of the children ai'e members of the U. P. 
Church ; Mr. Brush is a Republican. 

MRS. ANNA BURNS, farmer. Blocks 30, 31, 32 and 40, near the village 
of Langworthy; P. O. Langworthy; born in Ireland in 1835; came to America in 
1845, and to Jones Co. in 1859. Her husband, Thomas Burns, died in February, 
1875; they were married Feb. 17, 1855 ; Mrs. Burns has raised two children (not her 
own), and has one of them with her now ; the other one is married and moved away ; 
the one with her now is named Dennis Doyle. Mrs. Burns owns twenty-four acres of 
land. She is a Catholic, as was also Mr. Burns ; he was also a Democrat. 

MRS. NANCY CL.ARK, farmer, Sec. 5; P. 0. Langworthy; was born 
in New York in 1823; came to Jones Co. in 1857, with her parents. Was married to 
Mr. Stevens, in Wisconsin, in 1862; was married to Mr. Wilcox in 1870, and to Mr. 
James Clark Oct. 7, 1879; she has had two children, one of whom is now living — 
Arlington, aged 30; the one that died was named Ida, and died in 1870. Mr. and 
Mrs. Clark are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; Mr. Clark is a Repub- 
lican. Mrs. Clark owns 40 acres of land, 12 in the town of Richland, and 
also has a claim upon 40 acres with a mill upon it, and another piece of 20 acres, all in 
Richland Township, making, altogether, 122. 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 623 

PHIIjIP DAIiY, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born in Ireland in 
1834; came to America in 1852, and to Jones Co. in 1857. Own.s 160 acres of land. 
Is School Director in his town. His wife's name was Foley, a native of Ireland also ; 
they were married in 1868 ; have two children — Philip and William. The maiden 
name of his first wife was Elizabeth Chesher,also of Ireland ; by that marriage there were 
five children — Joseph, Mathew, John, Mary and Elizabeth ; some of them are dead. 
All of the family that are living are in the Catholic Church ; Mr. Daly is a Democrat. 

Z. DENXINU, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Langworthy; born in Malta, Sara- 
toga Co., N. Y., in 1825; came to Jones Co. in 1851; his father is still living; his 
mother is dead. His wife's maiden name was Drusilla Ackerman, a native of New 
York ; they were married in 1853; have three children — Elva, Ettie and Jessie ; the 
two oldest are married (Elva and Ettie). Mr. Denning was of a family in which there 
were eleven children, three girls and eight boys, all living but one. Mr. Denning and 
his entire family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Chnrch ; in politics, Mr. 
Denning is a Republican. He owns eighty acres of land, some of which is in Sec. 17 
and some in Sec. 20, about all under cultivation. 

JAIIES DORCY, farmer, Sec. 4; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Ireland in 
1834; came to this country in 1849, with his mother and sister ; his father, mother 
and sister are dead ; he came to Jones Co. in 1855 ; lived in Fairview Township until 
1876, when he moved to Wayne, where he has since resided. His wife's maiden name 
was Mary Meher, a native of the old country also; they were married in 1859; have 
had eight children, four of whom are living — Johnnie, Eddie, George and Maggie; 
those dead were named Ellie, Josie, Katherine, and one was not named. Mr. Dorcy 
and his entire family, in religious faith, are Catholics ; in politics, he is a Democrat. 
Owns 120 acres of land, about one hundred under cultivation. 

DAVID DOYLE, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Massachu- 
setts in 1852 ; of his parents, one is living, the other dead. He came to Jones Co. 
in 1867, with his parents, where he has since resided. His wife's maiden name was 
Katie Power, a native of Ireland ; they were married in 1874 ; have one child — Willie. 
They are Catholics ; Mr. Doyle is a Democrat. Owns eighty acres, all under cultiva- 
tion. 

T. H. DUNN, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Anamosa; owns 210 acres; born in 
Philadelphia in 1834; came to Jones Co. in 1859, where he has since resided. Wife's 
maiden name was Farnum, a native of Massachusetts (Andover) ; they were married 
in 1855; have had seven children, five of whom are now living ; names as follows : 
Wilford E., Clara A., T. H., John E., Grace E.; those dead were named Willie and 
Mary E.; in politics, Mr. Dunn is a Republican. 

JOHANNA FITZPATRICK, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; owns 
110 acres, about all under cultivation; born in Ireland, in the county of Tippcrary, in 
1824; came to America in 1846; her husband, Mr. Michael Fitzpatrick, was a native 
of the same county in Ireland ; he came to America in 1844 ; he died May 21, 1879 ; 
he lived in Illinois for twenty-one years, and during part of that time was School 
Director, and, also. Supervisor; he lived in Jones Co., Iowa, twelve years, up to the 
time of his death; Mrs. Fitzpatrick came to this county in 1867. They were married 
in 1846 ; have had eleven children, five of whom are living, as follows: Thomas, Mary, 
Julia, Johnnie and Theresa. Mrs. F. and her entire family are members of the Cath- 
olic Church ; during his life, Mr. F. was a Democrat, and the oldest son is now in the 
same line of politics. 

JOHN H. FOLKERS, farmer. Sec. 17; P. 0. Langworthy; farms on 
shares with Mr. Bingham, of Moniicello ; born in Germany in 1840; came to Amer- 
ica and to Jones Co. in 1876. Wife's maiden name was Catharine Bornheinken, a 
native, also, of Germany ; born in 1844 ; they were married in 1865 ; have had five 
children, four of whom are living — Henry, Garret, Margaret and Catharine. Mr. 
Folkers and his entire family are in the Lutheran Church. 

HENRY FRERICHS, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Monticello ; born in Ger- 
many in 1833 ; came to this country in 1857, and to Jones Co. in 1869. Was a 



624 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

soldier in the late civil war, a member of the 34th 111. V. I. Wife's maiden name was 
Borgn, a native of Germany, also ; she was married once before, to Mr. Meinen ; she 
and Mr. Frerichs were married in 18(34 ; Mrs. F. had one child by the former mar- 
riage ; name is Lizzie Meinen. Mr. and Mrs. Frerichs and the daughter are members 
of the Lutheran Church ; he is a Republican. He owns eighty acres, and some timber- 
land besides. 

<;EORGFi OALIiAHER, flu-raer; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 18:^1>; came to Jones Co. in 1875. Wife's maiden name was Margaret 
McCarn, a native of New York ; they were married in 1867 ; have three children — 
Frank, George and Lambert. Mr. G. owns eighty-six acres, some of which lies in 
Cass and some in Wayne Townships ; house is just in the corner of the two townships. 
Mrs. Gallaher is a member of the Baptist Church ; Mr. G. is a Republican. 

(m, (wERDES, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Germany in 1817 ; 
came to America and to Jones Co. in 1872. Wife's maiden name was Margaret John- 
son, a native, also, of the old country; they were married in 1849 ; have seven chil- 
dren — Johanna, Rickliffe, Hermer, Henry, Johnnie, Johnson and Rickle. Mr. Gerdes 
and his two boys carry on a firm on shares with Mr. John Jacobs ; there are 320 acres 
in the farm, and it is adjoining the village of Langworthy. Mr. Gerdes and his ftimily 
are Lutherans. 

R. CwE ROES, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Germany in 
1854; came to America in 1872, and to Jones Co. in the same year; carries on form 
on shares with Mr. John Oilman. Wife's maiden name was Mary Grumm, a native 
of Illinois ; they were married Jan. 21, 1879; have one child — William Gerhardt. 
Mr. and Mrs. Gerdes are members of the Lutheran Church. 

W. H. QREEN, blacksmith, Amber ; born in Virginia in 1834; came to 
Jones Co. in 1870 ; owns a home in the place and the shop in which he does business. 
Mr. Green was in the war of the late rebellion ; a member of the 92d Ohio, Co. E ; 
enlisted in 18B2 ; discharged in 1865, at the close of the war; was in twenty-one 
different battles, Chiokamauga, Mission Ridge and in Sherman's march to the sea ; was 
at Richmond, and Raleigh, and Kinston ; was Orderly Sergeant. Mr. Green is School 
Director in his town, and has the only blacksmith-shop in the village. Wife's maiden 
name was Bingham, a native of Ohio; they were married 1856; have eight children — 
John Morris, Orpher Rosetta, James L., William E., Charles H., Eva M., Ella S. and 
Lottie E. Mr. and Mrs. Green and two of the children are members of the M. E. 
Church ; he is a Republican. 

E. G. GUILD, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., 
in 1823 ; came to Jones Co. in 1866. Wife's maiden name was Roxana Shaffer, a 
native of New York, also (Niagara Co.); they were married in 1846 ; have had four 
children, thi-ee of whom are still living, named as follows: Alice, Ella and Lucetta ; 
the one dead was named Hattie May. In religion, Mr. Guild is a Baptist ; wife and 
children are Methodists; he is a Republican. Owns 120 acres, about all under culti- 
vation. 

A. H. HALIi, merchant, Langworthy; dealer in general merchandise; has 
the only store in the place doing a general bu.siness. Mr. Hall is also the Postmaster, 
and has the post office in his store ; has been in business where he now is about six 
years; owns the building in which he does business; also a house, which is his home, 
and a barn and five acres of land upon which they stand. He was born in Western A'^ir- 
ginia in 1839 ; came to Jones Co. May 18, 1856, where he has since resided, except 
while in the army, and during a period of one year, when he was at the Rocky Moun- 
tains. Mr. Hall does a safe and prosperous business ; his sales average about SI 0,000 
a year ; keeps a general assortment, and has a good trade. Mr. Hall gave the land upon 
which stands the creamery of the village, and some money beside, and has been and is now 
an enterprising citizen ; was, in the year 1878, Township Collector ; Avas in the war of the 
rebellion ; enlisted May 12, 1861 ; discharged at the close of the war, in 1865 ; was a 
member of Co. B, 9th I. V. I.; enlisted first for three years, and, when his time expired, 
re-enlisted as a veteran in the same regiment and company ; went out as a private ;. 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 625 

when discharged was a Sergeant ; was in the siege of Vicksburg, and, while there, nar- 
rowly escaped being killed ; a rebel bullet struck him in the side, but hit a book which 
he had in his hip-pocket, and that so checked the force of the bullet as to do him no 
harm : the ball, however, passed through the book and slightly penetrated the skin. 
Mr. Hall kept the book and ball for a long time afterward. He was in the battles of 
Pea Ridge, Yazoo Bayou, Arkansas Post, Jackson, Miss., Tuscumbia, Lookout Mountain, 
Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Kenesaw Mountain, Dallas, Big Shanty, Marietta, Atlanta, 
Bentonville, Raleigh and Columbia. His wife's maiden name was Phalinda Hager, a 
native of New York ; they were married in 1867 ; have had one child, who is now liv- 
ing — Alphonzo R. Mr. and Mrs. Hall are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Hall 
is a Republican. 

DANIEL HAIililGrAN, flirmer, Sees. 27 and 28 ; P. 0. Amber ; born in 
Trenton, N. J., in 1842 ; came with his parents to Jones Co in 1870 ; owns 175 acres. 
Wife's maiden name was Kathrine Durigan, a native of Jones Co., Iowa ; she was born 
in 1852 ; they were married in 1872 ; have had four children , three are living, named 
Francis J., David Gordon and Mary. Mr. Halligan's mother died in 1873. Mr. H., 
wife and children are in the Catholic Church. He is a Democrat. 

H. C. HARTMAX, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Amber ; born in Ohio in 
184-1 ; came to Jones Co. in 1852, with his parents ; has been a Road Supervisor for 
four or five years ; owns 120 acres in Sec. 26, and 39 in Sec. 34. Wife's maiden name was 
Elizabeth Bailey, a native of New York ; they were married in March, 1866 ; have had 
five children ; four are living — Tilghman Harrison, Frank Theodore, Henry Clay and 
Addie May ; the one dead was named Allen Charles. Mr. Hartman is a Republican. 

PETER HARTMAX, farmer, Sec. 34; P. 0. Amber; born in Butler 
Co., Ohio, in 1842 ; came to Jones Co. in 1852 ; owns eighty acres in Sec. 34 and forty 
acres in Sec. 35 ; is also in the grain business with William H. Sanford, in Amber ; 
was, in the late war of the rebellion, a member of Co. H, 14th I. V. I.; enlisted in the 
fall of 1861 ; discharged in the fall of 1864 ; held the ofiice of Corporal ; was in the 
battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and in the Red River expedition under Gen. Banks, 
and in some smaller engagements during the service ; was taken prisoner at Shiloh by 
Gen. Beauregard, and held about two months ; there were 3,000 men captured at the 
same time he was taken; was, some of the time, at Macon. Wife's maiden name was 
Brown, a native of New York ; they were married Jan. 1, 1865 ; have seven children — 
Louis F., Edivard F., Dora E., Thomas E., Joshua A., Maggie F. and Eleanor. Mr. 
Hartman is a Republican. 

ANGIE MARGARET HAR9IEIS, farming. Sec. 21 ; P.O. Monticello; 
born in Germany in 1823; came to America and to Jones Co. in 1868 ; owns 240 
acres. Her husband, John Henry Harmes, died in the spring of 1877 ; they were mar- 
ried in 1847 ; had seven children ; six are now living — Mary, Katie, Angle, Heinrich 
Heinrich and Annie. Mrs. Harmes and all the children are in the Lutheran 
Church. 

H. HARjflES, farmer. Sees. 16 and 17 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Germany 
in 1828; came to America in 1857, to Illinois ; lived there nine years; came to Jones 
Co. in 1866; owns 170 acres — eighty in Sec. 16, eighty in Sec. 17, and ten in Scotch 
Grove Township. Wife's maiden name was Maria Johnson, a native of the old coun- 
try also ; they were married in 1858 ; have had eight children ; six are living — Annie 
Maria, Harmann, Gerd, Tena, Maria and Johanna. Mj. and Mrs. Harmes are members 
of the Lutheran Church. In politics, he is iodependont. 

R. R. HAYES, farmer. Sees. 17 and 20 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in 
Allegany Co., N. Y., in 1829 ; came to Jones Co. in 1862, where he has since resided ; 
has held the offices of School Director and Assessor of his town ; owns 200 acres, also 
timber-land, in Jackson Township. He is a cousin of Rutherford Hayes, President of 
the United States. Wife's maiden name was Harriet Annis, a native of New York 
also ; she was born in 1833 ; her parents are both living in Jones Co. Mr. Hayes' 
parents are dead. The subject of this sketch and wife were married in their native 
State Jan. 1, 1851 ; have had six children, five of whom are now living — J. Richard, 



626 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Ellen Martha, Adelbert, Mary and Hattie. The one dead was not named. Mr. H. 
and his entire family are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. II. is a Republican. 

ALEXANDER M. HEASTY, farmer, Sec, 2-i ; P. 0. Scotch Grove; 
born in Ohio in 1838; came to Jones Co. in 1865 ; wife's maiden name was Margaret 
Nelson, a native of Ohio. They were married in 1866 ; have had seven children, five 
are livin"- — Carrie, Mary E., Jasper, William E. and Francis. Mr. Heasty owns 119 
acres in Wayne, and twenty acres in Scotch Grove, of timber ; he gave one acre for the 
cemetery in Wayne Township, near this place. He was a soldier in the war of the 
rebellion, a member of the 2d I. V. C, Co. M, Capt. McConnel. He enlisted in the 
fall of 1861 ; was discharged in the fall of 1864; was in the battles of Corinth, Miss., 
and also luka ; was in the company that took Col. Price (nephew of Gen. Sterling 
Price) prisoner in Mississippi, south of Coldwater. In one engagement, Mr. Heasty 
had bullet-holes put through his rubber coat. The man that captured Col. Price was 
John Beard. Mr. Heasty and wife are members of the U. P. Church. He is a Repub- 
lican. 

JOHN C/HKASTY, farmer. Sec. 24; P. 0. Scotch Grove ; born in Ohio 
in 1836 ; carae to Jones Co. in 1853, and located land, and, in 1862, came to live perma- 
nently. Wife's maiden name was McCandless, a native of Ohio also. They were mar- 
ried Feb. 3, 1858 ; have seven children — Charles L., Robert M., John Grant, Olive 
Mary, James W., Ida Josephine and Arthur Francis. Mr. Heasty owns 120 acres ; he 
was a soldier during the late civil war ; a member of the 2d I. V. I., Co. C ; enlisted 
Sept. 27, 1864; was discharged July 4, 1865 ; was taken prisoner near Clinton, Ga., 
by Gen. Wheeler ; was kept a prisoner about five and a half months ; was in Macon four 
months, and in Andersonville about one and a half months. Mr. Heasty is one of the 
Trustees of his town. He and his wife and three of his children are members of the 
U. P. Church. He is a Republican. 

R. !»I. HEASTY, former. Sec. 16; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Ohio in 
1848 ; came to Jones Co. in 1866, with his parents. Wife's maiden name was Elizabeth 
J. Kaims, a native of Canada. They were married in 1869 ; have four children — John, 
Francis, Mary Agnes, Isaac Russel and William Joseph. Mr. Heasty and his wife are 
members of the U. P. Church. Mr. Heasty has been Town Constable for two terms, 
and was Road Supervisor for three or four terms ; he is a Republican ; owns eighty 
acres. 

WIL.L.I AM HELGEXS, former. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Monticello ; ^ born in 
Germany in 1827 ; came to America in 1857, and to Jones Co. in 1864. Wife's maiden 
name was Matie Grumm,a native of Germany also. They were married in 1851 ; have 
had ten children, six are living — Harm, Antke, Mary, Annie, Libbie, Louise and Emma. 
Two of these are married, and living in Wayne Township. All the family are Luth- 
erans. Mr. Hilirens is a Republican; owns 158 acres. 

A. P. HIMEBAUCirH, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello ; born in Erie 
Co., Penn., in 1817; came to Jones Co. in 1855. Wile's maiden name was Mary E. 
Davis, a native of New York. They were married in 1851 ; have had four children, 
all are living — P. M., Ella R., 'Geneva C. and Ernest. Mr. Himebaugh was married 
before to Maria Mitchel, a native of Pennsylvania. They were married in 1839 ; this 
wife died in her native State in 1850; there were four children by that marriage; one 
only is living — George, who lives in Wayne Township. Of the three that are dead, one, 
— Perry — was in the war of the rebellion, a member of Co. H, 31st I. V. I. ; died of 
chronic dysentery in 1864 ; was at the siege of Vicksburg, and in other engagements ; 
was in the command of Gen. U. S. Grant, and in several battles under him. Mr. Hime- 
baugh owns eighty acres of land in Wayne, and ten in Scotch Grove Township. He 
and Mrs. Himebaugh, and three of the children, are members of the M. E. Church. In 
politics, both himself and the boys arc Republicans. 

O. L.. HIxMEBAU€}H, former. Sec. 10; P. O. Monticello; born in Penn- 
sylvania in 1841; came to Jones Co. in 1854, with his parents, where he has since 
n^sided; was in the war of the late rebellion ; a member of the 9th I. V. I., Co. D ; 
eulistoJ in August, 1861 ; discharged in April, 1862 ; was sick with typhoid fever 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 629 

•while out; was taken sick while on the boat, going South, and was sick forty-five days, 
and in the hospital, and was in the hospital at Pacific City thirty days, with mumps, 
and was sick a good deal of the time while in the service, and was unable to do active 
duty. His wife's maiden name was Mary Heastey, a native of Ohio. They were mar- 
ried Sept. 28, 1865 ; have had four children, three of whom are living — Arthur 
Eugene, Jeanette Florence, Mitchel Walter. Mr. Himebaugh and wife are members of 
the U. P. Church. Mr. Himebaugh holds the ofiice of Ruling Elder in the Church. 
He has been Assessor, Trustee and Clerk of his town at diflFerent times ; he is a Repub- 
lican. Owns eighty-two acres of land, and eight acres of timber in Scotch Grove. 

P. M. HOIEBAUGH, farmer. Sec. 13; P. 0. Monticello; is a "Hawk- 
eye," having been raised almost entirely in Iowa ; lives with his father, Mr. A. P. Hime 
baugh, but owns land of his own — eighty acres in Section 13, and ten in Scotch Grove 
Township, of timber. Mr. Himebaugh is Township Clerk and Secretary of the School 
Board; he is a member of the M. E. Church, and, in polities, is a Republican. 

HENRY HINRICH^, farmer. Sees. 19 and 20 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born 
in Germany in 1849; came to America in 1870, and to Jones Co. the same year. 
Wife's maiden name was Matie Hankn, a native of Illinois. They were married in 
1877 ; have two children — Gertrude and William. Mr. and Mrs. Hinrichs are mem- 
bers of the Lutheran Church. Owns 127 acres. 

LEONARD HITCHCOCK, fiirmer, Sec. 11; P. 0. Monticello; born 
in Pennsylvania in 1823 ; came to Jones Co. in 1854. Wife's maiden name was 
Batchelder, a native of New Hampshire. They were married in 1862 ; have had six 
children, four are living — Mary E., J. H. Howard, Elnora N., Laura May. Mr. and 
Mrs. Hitchcock and three children are members of the U. P. Church. In politics, 
Mr. Hitchcock is a Republican; owns 160 acres; owns the land upon which stand 
the creamery and schoolhouse in East Wayne. 

J. P. HOLiLiENBACK, wagon and carriage maker, Amber; born in 
Pennsylvania in 1857 ; came to Jones Co. in June, 1876. Wife's maiden name was 
Hinds, a native of Wisconsin, raised in Iowa. They were married in 1878; have one 
child — Tilghman. Mr. Hollenback has the only business of his line in the place; owns 
the shop where he works, and a house and five lots in the village. Mr. Hollenback 
belonojs to the German Reformed Church ; Mrs. Hollenback to the Latter-Day Saints. 
Mr. Hollenback is a Democrat. 

W. H. HUCjtHES, blacksmith, Langworthy ; born in Pennsylvania in 1830 ; 
came to Jones Co. in October, 1855. Wife's maiden name was Martha Orr, a native 
of Pennsylvania also ; they were married in 1871. Mr. Hughes was married before to 
Martha Cook, a native of Pennsylvania also ; they were married in 1861 ; had two chil- 
dren, namely, William and Hattie. Mr. Hughes owns a home and his shop, in the vil- 
lage, and is the only man of his trade in the place. He is now one of the Trustees. 
Mrs. Hughes is a member of the U. P. Church. Mr. H. is a Republican. 

CHESTER HUN^ERFORD, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born 
in Jeiferson Co., N. Y., in 1832 ; came to Jones Co. in 1865, in the fall. Owns 160 
acres. Wife's maiden name was Juliette Garlock, a native of New York also ; they 
were married in 1854 ; have one child, named Chester Bartlett. Mr. Huugerford and 
wife are members of the Baptist Church. He is a Republican. 

H. J. JACOBS, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello; born in Kingdom of 
Hanover. Germany, in 1835 ; came to America in 1854 ; came to Jones Co. in 1861. 
Is now a Road Supervisor in his town. Owns 120 acres in Wayne, and 295 in Scotch 
Grove Townships. Wife's maiden name was Grumm, a native of Germany also ; they 
were married in 1861 ; have seven children living, named Bertie S., Henry E., Gora 
M., Augusta E., Carl C, Emma M. and Laurence R. All of the family are in the 
Lutheran Church. Mr. Jacobs is a Republican. 

JOHN JACOBS, farmer and cattle-buyer; P. 0. Monticello; born in Ger- 
many, in 1838 ; came to America in 1854, and to Jones Co. in the fall of 1859. Mr. 
Jacobs had been married twice ; maiden name of first wife was Matilda Miller, a native 
of Philadelphia; they were married in Illinois June 16, 1859; wife died on Dec. 11, 



630 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

1864; they had three children, all living:, named fl. R. Annie, Barbara and Angert 
Earnhardt. Maiden name of second wife was Annie Grumm, a native of Germany; 
they were married on the 26th of March, 1868 ; have four children, named Matilda, 
Willie, Mary and Sophia Joanna. Mr. Jacobs owns over one thousand acres of land, as 
follows: 818 in Wayne, 90 in Scotch Grove, 50 in Richland, and 525 in Monticello 
Townships. He lives on Sec. IH, Wayne Township. He is one of the School Directors 
in his district. He and his family are Lutherans ; he is a Republican. 

MARY JACOBS, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello; born in Germany in 
1807 ; came to America in 1856, and to Jones Co. in 1859. Her husband, Mr. Henry 
Jacobs, died in May, 1879. They were married in 1828 ; have had eight children, 
seven of whom are living. Mrs. Jacobs and her children are all in the Lutheran Church. 
The sons are all Republicans. Mrs. J. owns 120 acres. 

JOHX KAIRXS, farmer, Sec. 14; P. 0. Monticello; owns 160 acres. 
Born in Ireland, Tyrone Co., in 1829 ; came to Canada when 1 year old, and to the 
United States in 1865, and to Jones Co. same year. Wife's maiden name was Agnes 
Milne, a native of Scotland ; they were married in 1848 ; have had nine children, seven 
are living, named Elizabeth, William, Joseph, Margaret, James, Elsie and Ellen. Mr. 
K., his wife, and some of the children, are members of the U. P. Church. Mr. K. is 
a Republican. Mr. Kairns is bv profession a veterinary surgeon. 

BENNA JER KELL.tTM, farmer, Sees. 5 and 6 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; 
born in New York in Warren Co. in 1819 ; came to Jones Co. in 1861. Wife's maiden 
name was Farley, a native also of New York ; they were married in their native State; 
have two children living, named. Sarah (married to Mr. Miller), and J. F. Mr. Kellum 
had one son in the army, whose name was Warren. p]nlisted in the 2d I. V. C, Co. I, 
in August, 1861 ; died in St. Louis {of the measles) in the hospital, in January, 1862. 
Mr. Kellum owns 120 acres in Wayne, 120 in Monticello, 80 in Castle Grove, 70 in 
Richland. Mr. K. had been Road Supervisor in his town, and is a Republican. Mrs. 
Kellum is a member of the M. E. Church. 

JOHN KING, former. Sec. 26; P. O. Amber; born in Butler Co., Ohio, in 
1835 ; came to Jones Co. in 1856. Has been Township Collector and Road Supervisor. 
Owns 120 acres. Wife's maiden name was Mary Ann Murphy, a native of Indiana; 
they were married in 1857 ; have had eight children, names of those living — H. F., Dora 
F., J. A. and S. J. ; those dead were named Lizzie Jane, Martha Blanche, Jessie V. 
and Charlie; three of these died of diphtheria in October, 1878. Mrs. King is a mem- 
ber of the M. Pj. Church. Mr. King is a Republican. 

J. C. I.AWRENCE, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Monticello ; born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1821 ; came to Jones Co. in 1855, from Ohio ; lived in Monticello Township 
about ten years, and lived in the village of Monticello nine months ; also lived on Bowen's 
Prairie for a time. While in Monticello, he was in mercantile business, and was Post- 
master ; since he came to his present home, he has been engaged in farming. Is at 
present Justice of the Peace in his town, and has been such for a number of years; was 
also in the same office while in Monticello. Wife's maiden name was Hannah L. Coggins, 
a native of Pennsylvania also ; she was from Philadelphia ; they were married in 1841 ; 
have had ten children, six of whom are living, named Agnes, Alice, Orange, Rachel, 
Nellie and Hattie ; those dead were named Isaac, Bruce, Justin and Almira. Mr. L. 
had two sons in the army, viz., Isaac and Bruce. Isaac was in the 31st I. Y. L, Co. H. 
Enlisted in September, 1.S61 ; died in 1862, from disease contracted while in the service; 
was at the battles of Arkansas Post, Jacksonville, Tenn., and in the siege of Vicksburg. 
He had several bullet-holes made in his clothes during these engagements. Oliver Bruce, 
the other son, was in an Ohio regiment, 10th Vol. Cavalry, Co. F. Enlisted Nov. 15, 
1864, and was discharged July 24, 1865, at the close of the war. Mr. L. is a Repub- 
lican. In 1878, was Township Assessor, and, at time of writing, had been nominated 
for a second term. Owns eighty acres in Sec. 4 ; also has eighteen acres in Monticello 
Township. 

LOUIS liEEIC, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Wyoming 
Co., N. Y., in 1832 ; came to Jones Co. in November, 1863. His wife's maiden name 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 631 

Emily Annis, a native of of Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.; they were married in 1853 ; have 
had five children, four are livinj^ — Lorenzo, Stephen, Nellie and Ida. Mr. Leek carries 
on a farm on shares with Mr. Noah Bigley. He and his wife and one of the children 
are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Leek is a Republican. 

JAMES LOCK WOOD, Jr., butter-maker ; P.O. 3Ionticello ; born in 
Jones Co., near Anamosa, in December, 1856 ; has always lived in Jones Co.; his 
mother is a resident of Monticello Township ; her name is Kline. Mr. Loekwood 
works in the creamery of Mr. Sherman, at East Wayne. He is a Republican. 

DANIEIi liOPER, farmer^ Sec. 29 ; P.O. Anamosa; born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1825 ; came to Jones Co. in 181:8 with his parents, who went to Des Moines 
Co. in 1840 ; they are both dead. His wife's maiden name was Mary Hickson, a native 
of Ohio; they were married in September, 1850 ; have had thirteen children, ten of 
whom are living — Austin P., Osborn, Leroy, Eliza, Sylvester, Ida, Daniel Webster, 
Lena, Elbert and Mary Ann. Those who died were Ellie Ann, Manf )rd and Willie. 
Mr. and Mrs. Loper are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. L. is a Democrat. He 
was a soldier in the Mexican war ; volunteered while living in Iowa, and was a member 
of the 1st I. V. I.; was sent to Fort Atkinson, and to Minnesota and Wisconsin ; was 
in the service aboiit two years and four months ; enlisted in 1846; was discharged in 
1848, and, in the fall of the same year, settled in Jones Co., where he has since resided. 
Owns 250 acres, about two hundred under cultivation. 

JOHN McBRIDE, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. O. Monticello ; born in Trumbull 
Co., Ohio, in 1816 ; came to Jones Co. in 1857. Owns forty acres on Sec. 22, eighty 
on See. 23 and forty on Sec. 14, all in Wayne Township, and twenty-five acres in Scotch 
Grove Township ; timber-land. Mr. McBride is Road Supervisor. His wife's maiden 
name was Nelson, a native of Vermont ; they were married in 1869; have had one 
child, which died when 20 months old. Mr. McBride was married before to Ann Nel- 
son, a native of Pennsylvania ; this marriage took place in 1842 ; had one child — 
Samuel Nelson, who was a soldier in the late civil war, and who died of chronic dysen- 
tery in 1863 ; he was a member of the 31st I. V. I.; enlisted in 1862. Mr. McBride 
was also married again to Isabella Craig in 1859, and had five children by that mar- 
riage, three of whom are livinir — John Craig, Mary and James ; John is married and 
lives in the same town.ship with his father. Mr. McBride, wife and daughter Mary, are 
members of the U. P. Church ; he is a Republican. 

THOMAS McELIN, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born in Ireland in 

1831 ; came to America in 1854, and to Jones Co. in 1871. His wife's maiden name 
was Mary McEnany, a native of Ireland also ; they were married in 1856 ; have had six 
children, three of whom are living — James, Philip and Mary. Mr. McElin and his 
family are in the Catholic Church. Mr. M. is a Democrat. Owns 120 acres. 

JAMES MILNE, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Monticello; born in Scotland in 
1821 ; came to Jones Co. in 1857. His wife's maiden name was EHzabeth Barr, a 
native of Canada East ; they were married in 1870 ; have had four children, all of 
whom are living — Helen, Agnes Blanche, James Wallace and Edna Jane. Mr. Milne 
was married before, and had four children by that marriage, three of whom are living 
— Joseph J., Hector Alexander and P]lizabeth Ann. Mr. xMilne own 160 acres; 
eighty in Wayne and eighty in Scotch Grove Township. He and his wife and all the 
grown children are members of the U. P. Church. Mr. M. is a Republican. 

PERRY" MILLER, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Ohio in 

1832 ; came to Jones Co. in 1847, and has since lived here. His wife's maiden name 
was Eliza Cook, a native of Canada ; they were married in 1847 ; have had five chil- 
dren, all of whom are living — John Wesley, George Ira, Eifie May, Frank Alexander 
and Mary Maria. Mr. Miller was Tax Collector of his township one season. He is 
among the oldest settlers in Jones Co. He and his wife are members of the M. E. 
Church ; he is a Republican. 

H. W. PERRINE, farmer, Sec. 8; P. 0. Langworthy; born in Pennsylvania 
in 1822; raised in Ohio; came to Jones Co. in 1857 to live, but came and purchased 
his land two years before. Mr. Perrine has been married three times. Maiden name 



632 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

of first wife was Zinn, a native also of Pennsylvania : they were married in 1850. 
Maiden name of second wife was Baker, a native of New England; they were married 
in 1858 ; had six children, five of whom are living — Jessie, Maggie, Atta May, Sadie 
and Johnnie. Maiden name of third wife was Allen, a native of England; they were 
married in 1872 ; have three children — Alfred, Florence Emily and Ernest Edwin. 
Mr. P. owns eighty acres, in blocks, within the limits of the village of Langworthy. 
Mr. Pcriine and his wife are members of the M. E. Church; he is a Republican. 

JOHN PL. ATNER, firmer. Sec. 36, and keeper of county farm ; P. 0. Cen- 
ter Junction ; born in Ulster Co., N. Y., town of Kingston, in 1832 ; came to Jones Co. 
in 1861) ; there is, in the farm belonging to the county, 200 acres with the various out- 
buildings ; a new barn will be built in the spring of 1880; in addition to the land 
belonging to the county, there is rented fifty-five acres more, which is also used for 
county purposes; average number of acres sown to wheat, 20; of fall wheat, 16; of 
rye, 14; of corn, 50 ; of oats, 15; buckwheat, 5; there are, at the time of writing, 
twenty inmates of the County House. The stock upon the farm is as follows : Cows, 
13 ; 1 two-year-old ; yearlings, 8 ; calves, 7 ; bulls, 1 ; hogs, 90 ; horses, 5 ; mules, 2. 
The County House is 30x40, two stories and basement, and an L upon each side of it. 
Mr. Platuer is a School Director also in his town. Wife's maiden name was Kimball, 
a native of New York also; they were married in October, 1853; have three children, 
named George Gr., Tice Irvin and Florence Irene ; have lost two — Mary Katherine and 
John Howard. Mrs. Platner is a member of the United Presbyterian Church. Mr. 
P. is a Republican ; he owns lands as follows: 180 acres in Madison Township, 57 in 
Jackson, 20 in Wyoming — all in Jones Co., besides 80 acres in Woodbury Co. ; also 
17 J lots in Center Junction, and a house and barn in the same place. 

J, I>, PRIEST, farmer. Sees. 19 and 30; P. O. Anamosa ; born in Jeffer- 
son Co., N. Y., in 1822 ; came to Jones Co. in 1864; was in the late civil war; enlisted, 
Oct. 24, 1864, in Co. D, 2d I. V. I.; discharged June 25, 1865; after enlisting, he 
did not reach his regiment, on account of sickness ; was sick with pulmonary disease, 
and was in the hospital all the time he was in the service, consequently could not do 
active duty ; he has lived in Jones Co. ever since coming out of the service. His wife's 
maiden name was Sarah C. Hutchius, a native of New York; they were married Feb. 
4,1851; have had eight children, five of whom are living, as follows : Ella Hattie, 
James B., George W., Mary C. and Martin D. ; those dead were named Ada Gertrude, 
Abbie Jane and Levens D. Mr. and Mrs. P. and two of the children are members of 
the M. E. Church. Mr. Priest is a Republican ; owns eighty-two acres. 

HOWARD PUTNAM, Superintendent of Diamond Creamery No. 2, East 
Wayne, owned by H. D. Sherman ; creamery is in Wayne Township, Union District. 
Mr. Putnam resides in Monticello; born in Dubuque Co. Dec. 14, 1844 ; came to Jones 
Co. in 1865 ; his parents live in Iowa. Wife's maiden name was Jane M. Kline, a 
native of Virginia; they were married in 1862; have had five children, three are liv- 
ing — Cynthia Ann, John William and Ada Florence ; those dead were named Delia 
Francis and Carrie Louise. Mr. and Mrs. Putnam are members of the Disciples' 
Church. Mr. Putnam is a Republican ; he owns a house and twelve lots in the city of 
Monticello. 

MICHAEli QIJIGLEY, farmer. Sec. 32; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Ire- 
land, county of Westmeath, in 1829 ; came to America in 1848. and to Jones Co. in 
1870. Wife's maiden name was Margaret McElin, a native of the old country also ; 
they were married in 1849 ; have had eleven children, seven are living — James, Mary, 
Ann, Ellen, Elizabeth, Julia, Kate. Mr. Quigley and his family are Catholics ; he is 
Democrat; owns eighty acres. 

W. H. RAL(ST(^X, clergyman ; P. 0. Scotch Grove ; born in Armstrong 
Co., Penn., in 1835 ; came to Jones Co. and to his present work in 1864 ; the society is 
called the Congregation of Scotch Grove, of the United Presbyterian Church ; the 
Church of which he is Pastor was organized in 1856 ; the first Pastor was Rev. A. J. 
Allen. Mr. Ralston succeeded him, and has been Pastor fifteen years ; the work of 
building the church edifice was commenced in 1864 and completed in 1866, and dedicated 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP, 633 

and first used for worship Jan. 21, 186G ; the present membership is about eighty, 
and a Sabbath school is in connection with the society ; the society is in good con- 
dition ; the parsonage belonging to the Church was built in 1867. Mrs. Kalston's 
maiden name was Carrie M. Eaton, a native of Massachusetts; they were married in 
1865 ; have two children — Mary F. and Carrie L. The children are members of the 
United Presbyterian Church also. Mr. Ealston is a Republican. 

J. C. RAMSEY, agent of the Midland Branch of the Chicago & North- 
Western Railway at Amber, in Wayne Township, Jones Co., Iowa; was born in Plain 
Grove, Mercer Co., Penn., in 1835 ; he is the son of Isaac T. Ramsey and Mary Jor- 
den, of Pennsylvania; he first came to Jones Co. in 1862. He was married, in Law- 
rence Co., Penn., on the 16th of April, 1863, to Miss Martha A. Dickey, daughter of 
David Dickey and Nancy Love, of the same county ; they have five children — Ella 
May, Eugene E., Joseph, Jasper H. and Addison D. Mr. Ramsey is express agent at 
Amber, and is also a dealer in lumber, grain and agricultural implements ; he has a farm 
of eighty acres in Sec. 34 of the same township, which he rents ; he owns several other 
buildings in the village, besides the warehouse which he occupies ; he was instrumental 
in locating the depot at this point, and has been the agent ever since the establishment 
of the depot in January, 1875 ; the first shipment of grain from this station was on 
the 9th of February, 1875, and was sent by the firm of Ramsey, Hartman & Co., the 
silent partner being Mrs. C. E. Sanford, who is still a resident of Amber ; has always 
been a reliable Republican and an influential citizen, but has not sought office, although 
he has held all town.ship offices except Constable ; he now is, and has been for several 
years, a Justice of the Peace ; he is a Royal Arch Mason ; he is liberal and public- 
spirited in all his views, is thoroughly identified with the business interests of the town, 
and would be a prominent man and useful citizen in any community, because of his 
practical judgment and business ability. 

DAVID REED, farmer. Sec. 21; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in Pennsylva- 
nia in 1823 ; came to Jones Co. in 1857. Wife's maiden name was Mary C. Scriven, 
from Pennsylvania also; born in 1838; they were married in 1859; have six children — 
Elizabeth Jane, Clarinda Ann, Emma, James, Avert and David Arthur. Mr. Reed owns 
120 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Reed and three of the children are in the M. E. Church. He 
is a Republican. 

OERD. RTCKELrS, farmer, Sec. 16; P.O. Monticello ; born in Germany 
in 1855 ; came to America and to Jones Co. in 1867. Mr. Rickels carries on the farm 
of his father, Mr. Henry Rickels, 120 acres. Wife's maiden name was Tobiasen, a 
native of Germany also ; they were married in 1875 ; have two children — Henry and 
Garret. Mr. Rickels, wife and children are in the Lutheran Church. He is a 
Republican. 

C. E. SAIVFORD, merchant, Amber ; born in Ohio in 1841 ; came to 
Jones Co. in 1852. Her husband, Mr. Allen P. Sanford, died in 1872. Mrs. Sanford 
owns the building in which she does business, and has a home in Amber, and 212 acres 
of land, all in Wayne Township. She is in company with her son, the firm name being 
C. E. Sanford & Son. She and Mr. Sanford were married in 1857 ; had two children, 
both livins; — William H. and Allen P. William is a Republican. 

W."P. SANFORD, farmer. Sec. 25; P. 0. Center Junction; born ia 
Knox Co., Ohio, in 1830; came to Jones Co. in 1854; owns 400 acres. Wife's maiden 
name was Elizabeth Esp}^, a native of Mercer Co., Penn. ; they were married in 1855; 
have five children— Franklin, Albert, Harvey, Meade and Delano. Mrs. Sanford is a 
member of the U. P. Church. Mr. Sanford is a Republican. 

WILLIA^tt H. SANFORD, merchant and grain-dealer, Amber ; born in 
Jones Co., Iowa, in 1859. Wife's maiden name was Maggie Cook, a native of Iowa 
also ; they' were married in the fall of 1878 ; have one child— Jennie. Mr. Sanford is 
a member of the firm of C. E. Sanford & Son, dealers in general merchandise ; the firm 
commenced business in October, 1877 ; they do a large and successful business ; sales 
average about S7,000 per year. Mr. Sanford is also engaged in the grain business in 
company with P. J. Hartman ; firm name of Hartman & Sanford ; they ship about 



634 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

twenty car loads of graia per year. Mr. Sanford, with his brother, Allen P., owns a 
farm of 200 acres on Sec. 35, same township ; have the farm rented. Mr. Sanford is a 
Republican. 

CHRISTOPHER SCHEER, former, Sec. 3 ; P. O. Monticello ; born 
in Germany in IS-tl ; came to Jones Co. in 1S61 ; owns 160 acres; was in the war of 
the rebellion, a member of the Marine Artillery of Illinois ; enlisted in the fall of 1862 ; 
discharged in 1863. Wife's maiden name was Angle Rasted, a native, also, of Ger- 
many ; they were married in 1863 ; have had ten children, eight of whom are living — 
Mary Rastei, Charlie, Adam, Margaret, Henry, August, Matilda and Augusta ; two of 
these are the children of his wife, who had been married before, and these children 
resulted from that marriage; those dead were named Emma and Annie. Mr. Scheer 
and his entire family are in the Lutheran Ctiurch. He is a Republican. One daughter 
is married and lives in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1873, Mr. Scheer was Road Supervisor of 
his town. 

THOMAS SCHOOXOVER, former, See. 14; P. 0. Monticello; born 
in Binghamton, Broome Co., N. Y., in ISQi) ; came to Jones Co., Iowa, in 1855 ; 
owns 120 acres in Sec. 14 and forty acres in Sec. 24. Wife's maiden name was Sarah 
Wiggins, a native of Pennsylvania; they were married in 1828, in their native State; 
have had four children ; three are living — Lawrence, George and Averet. Mr. Schoon- 
ovcr a:id wife and two of the children are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. S. is a 
Republican. 

PETER SCHWARTZ, farmer. Sec. 36; P. 0. Amber; born in Ger- 
many in 1827 ; came to America and to Jones Co. in 1868; owns 120 acres. Wife's 
maiden name was Folhaber, a native of Germany also ; they were married in 1872 ; 
have two children — Annie and Katie. In politics, Mr. Schwartz is Independent. 

O. 4jr. SCRI VKN^S, farmer, Sees. 5 and 8 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; born in 
Bradford Co., Penn., in 1817; came to Jones Co. in June, 1856; owns 120 acres. 
Wife's maiden name was Clarinda Wiggins, a native, also, of Pennsylvania ; they were 
married in their native State ; have had nine children, five are living — Mary Ellen, 
Charles Mathias, John Wesley, Matilda and William H. Of his four children that are 
dead, one, a daughter, aged 16, was frozen to death. Mr. S., his oldest daughter and one 
of his .sons are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Scriveus is a Republican. 

P. H. SHER]|fA9f, farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Langworthy; born in Cat- 
taraugus Co., N. Y., in 1838 ; came to Jones Co. with his. family in 1854, where he 
has since resided ; owns 200 acres ; has land, also, in Cass and Monticello Townships. 
Wife's maiden name was Jerusha Smith, also a native of New York ; they were married 
in 1858 ; have had eight children, seven of whom are living — James P., Frank H., 
Mary Ellen, Alice, Nellie and Freddie, the youngest child not named at time of writing. 
Mr. Sherman is Captain and Trea.surer of the Farmers' Protective Society, headquarters 
at Langworthy, the object of which is to protect the people through the country from 
the depredations of hor.se-thieves. Mr. S. is a Republican. 

JOHN A. SIEBELS, former, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Amber; born in Germany 
in 1832 ; came to America in the spring of 1872, and to Jones Co. the same year. His 
wife's maiden name was Altien Rickelfs, also a native of Germany ; they were married 
in 1860; have six children — Carl Wilhelm, Annie Elisabeth, Rickelfs August, Anke 
Margaret, Catherine and Tatae Margaret. Mr. Siebels and his entire family are 
members of the Lutheran Church; Mr. Siebels is a Republican. Owns 100 acres of 
land. 

HENRY SmOIONS, former. Sec. 1; P. 0. Monticello; born in Canada 
in 1814; came to Jones Co. in 1834. His wife's maiden name was Katherine 
McCarty, a native of Canada; they were married Jan. 25, 1836; have had nine 
children, seven of whom are living — Charles, George, Harriet, Jennie, Carrie, William 
and Emma. Mr. Simmons is a Republican. Owns 160 acres of land. 

H. H. SOPER, former. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; lives with and carries on 
business with his father, Mr. George Soper, who is one of the oldest and wealthiest 
citizens of Wayne Township. The subject of this sketch was born in Anamosa, Iowa, 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 635 

Jan. 4, 185S, and has always lived in this county. His wife's maiden name was Lizzie 
Johnson, a native of Germany; they were married Sept. IG, 1879. Mrs. Soper is a 
member of the Lutheran Church ; Mr. Soper is a Republican. 

GEORGE SOPER, fWmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; owns 320 acres of 
laud in Sec. 31 and IGO acres in another part of the township. He was born in the 
town of Pitcher, Chenango Co., N. Y.,in 1827 ; came to Jones Co. in 1848. His wife's 
maiden name was Margery Ann Ryan, a native of Ohio ; she came to Iowa when she 
-was 1 year old; they were married in 1857; have nine children — Horace, Melissa, 
Ella, Douglass, Joseph, Frank, Charlie, Addie and Jennie ; two of the children are 
married, and live in the same township. Mr. and Mrs. Soper, and Ella and Melissa, 
are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 

E. H. STACY, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Langworthy ; was born in the town of 
De Kalb, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 1840 ; came to Jones Co. in February, 1868. 
His wife's maiden name was Annie S. Benton, also a native of New York, same county, 
town of Canton ; they were married in 1864 ; have had four children, two of whom are 
living — Johnnie and Hattie; those dead were named Frankie and Clinton. Mrs. Stacy 
is a Methodist; Mr. Stacy, in politics, is a Republican. Owns 200 acres of land, all 
improved. Deals lai-gely in stock ; has a number of cows, and supplies milk to the 
creamery at Langworthy; milks twenty-three cows. 

JOHX STUTT, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Monticello ; born in Germany in 
1838; came to this country in 1858, and to Jones Co. in 1865. His wife's maiden 
name was Mary Haiins, a native of Germany; they were married in 1866; have five 
children — Henry, John, Herman, Meta and Edward. Mr. Stutt owns 160 acres of 
land. He was a soldier in the war of the rebellion, in the 34th 111. V. I., Company D ; 
enlisted in 1861, and was discharged in 1862 ; re-enlisted in the Marine Brigade, and was 
discharged in 1864; was in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, Vicksburg, etc. All the 
family are Lutherans ; Mr. Stutt is a Republican. 

MRS. A^N SUL.LIVAX, farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. Anamosa; .born in 
Springfield, 111., in 1844 ; came to Jones Co. in 1869, where she has since resided. 
Her husband, Mr. John Sullivan, died in January, 1871 ; they were married in 1862; 
have had five children, three of whom are living — Daniel, Mary and James; those dead 
were named Michael and Ellen. Mrs. Sullivan and her children are Catholics. She 
owns seventy-six acres of land. 

J. R. SUTTON, -farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Langworthy; carries on a farm of 
about three hundred and sixty acres, on shares with Mr. B. Kellum. He was born in 
Independence, Warren Co., N. J., in 1835; came to Jones Co. in October, 1876. Was 
in the war of the rebellion, a member of the 7th N. J. V. I.; enlisted Aug. 24, 1861, 
and was dischai'ged in 1864; was in Company E ; was in the battles of Williamsburg, 
Bull Run No. 2, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Malvern Hill, Fair Oaks, Mine Run, 
Bristow Station, etc. His wife's maiden name was Goarcke, also a native of New 
Jersey, Morris Co.; they were married in 1865. Mr. Sutton is a Republican. 

B. H. TOBIASEX, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Monticello; owns 120 acres; 
born in Germany in 1844; came to America in 1864, and to Jones Co. in 1865. 
Wife's maiden name was Annie Hoyen, a native also of Germany; they were mirried 
in October, 1873; have two children — Katie and Gretke. Mr. Tobiasen, his wife and 
the children are in the Lutheran Church ; he is a Republican. 

H. A. TOEBfJES, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. xMonticello ; born in Germany in 
1856 ; came to America and Jones Co. in 1874. Owns eighty acres. Wife's maiden 
name was Zimmerman, a native of Ohio ; they were married in 1877 ; have two chil- 
dren — John and Annie. All the family are Lutherans. 

H. B. T03ILIXS0N, farmer, with Mr. Chester Hungerford ; P. 0. Ana- 
mosa ; born in Washington Co., Va., in 1840; came to Jones Co. in 1871. Was a 
soldier in an Illinois regiment, the 3d 111. V. C Owns 360 acres of land in McLeod 
Co.. Minn. His parents are both dead. Goes up into Minnesota occasionally to attend 
to his property there, which is near Glencoe. Mr. Tomlinson is a member of the Bap- 
tist Church ; he is a Republican. 



636 ' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

FRED YOLKER<$, farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. O. Langworthy ; carries on a farm 
on sbares with Henry Rickels ; born in Germany in 1849; came to America and to 
Jones Co. in 1872. Was a soldier in the old country and was in the Franco-Prussian 
war. Wife's maiden name was Adelina Henrietta Van Baesten, a native of Germany 
also ; have had four children, three are living — Johnnie, Theodore, Louise Henrietta, 
Annie Maggie. All the family are Lutherans ; 3Ir. Volkers is a Democrat. 

FRED VOX STROHE, clergyman Evangelical Lutheran Church, near 
Monticello ; P. O. Monticello ; was born in Jonesville, Ind., in 1856; received his 
education at Fort Wayne and St. Louis ; was at Fort Wayne six years and at St. Louis 
three; graduated at Concordia Theological Seminary in 1879, and is now in his first 
settled ministerial work. His parents live in Indiana. He has a fine field for labor 
where he now is; the church was built in 1877 ; the membership is about seventeen; 
they are old settlers, and are among the best farmers of the county. Mr. Von Strobe is 
not married ; boards with Mr. John Null, and has the parsonage for his sleeping apart- 
ments, library and home; the parsonage was built before the church, and the upper 
part was used for church purposes for some time before the church was built. 

PAUL. WARNER, farmer. Sec. 10; P. 0. Langworthy; owns 260 acres, 
100 acres in Sec. 10, and 160 in Sec. 15; born in Pennsylvania in 1825 ; came to 
Jones Co. in 1861. Wife's maiden name was Mary Ann Hanna, a native also of 
Pennsylvania; they were married in 1852, in their native State; have six children — 
Laecia Ann, Sai'ah Jane, Edward Munson, Henry Franklin, Mary Elvira, William 
Bradin. Mr. and Mrs. Warner and three of the children are members of the Presby- 
terian Church; Mr. W. is a Republican. 

JOSEPH A. WEISS, farmer, Sec. 34; P. 0. Amber; owns forty acres, 
all under cultivation; value $1,400. Born in Northampton Co., Penn., in 1846; 
came to Jones Co. Aug. 8, 1865 ; has since resided here, but not all the time in Wayne 
Township; lived in Jackson six years. Was in the war of the rebellion, a member of 
the 54th Penn. V. I.; enlisted first the 11th of December, 1861 ; was in Co. K, a 
drummer ; was discharged Feb. 22, 1864 ; re-enlisted as a veteran in same regiment, 
Co. B, Feb. 23, 1864, as a drummer again, and was such until discharged, which was 
July 15, 1865, at the close of the war; was in Gen. Phil Sheridan's command ; also 
under Gen. Franz Siegel and Gen. Hunter; in the last year of his service, was in the 
command of Gen. Ord ; was in the battle of Cedar Creek, Va., where Sheridan made 
his famous charge after riding from " twenty miles away ; " Mr. Weiss' command joined 
the Army of the Potomac, and was near Richmond when it fell ; his regiment, com- 
manded by Gen. T. B. Reade, was captured by Lee's army. Wife's maiden name was 
Amanda Albright, a native of Pennsylvania; born Nov. 3, 1854; they were married 
in Olin, Iowa, July 8, 1871. 

SALEM WESTCOTT, former. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Monticello ; owns house 
and three and one-half lots in Sand Springs, Delaware Co., Iowa ; at present is over- 
seeing the fiirm of Mr. George W. Lovel, of Monticello ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y. y 
came to Jones Co. in 1879; has lived near the county line though for ten years. 
Wife's maiden name was Shoemaker, a native of Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; they were 
married in 1863; have had two children, one is living — Clinton. He and Mrs. West- 
cott are members of the M. E. Church ; he is a Republican. Mr. W. superintends a 
farm of 1,0((0 acres. 

SELIM WOORSTER, former, Sec. 18; P.O. Langworthy; born in 
Cheshire Co., N. H., in 1822 ; came to Jones Co. in 1853, where he has since resided. 
Wife's maiden name was Lucy Ripley, a native also of New Hampshire ; born in 
1825; they were married in June, 1845 ; have had eleven children, ten of whom are 
living, as follows : George, John, Waldo, Alden, Chios, Miranda, Willie, Hattie, Cora 
and Henry ; the one dead was named Carrie. Mr. Woorster is a Republican and an 
infidel. Owns 265 acres, all fenced and considerable under cultivation. 

JOHN YOUSSE, farmer, Sec. 4; P. O. Monticello; owns 160 acres; 
born in Ohio in 1843; came to Jones Co. in 1857 with his parents. Wife's maiden 
name was Welde Gear, a native of Ohio also ; they were married in 1873 ; have had 



HALE TOWNSHIP. 637 

four children, three of whom are living — Walter, Allie and Ray; Abraham, deceased. 
Mr. Yousse has a fine f;irm well improved. He and his wife and two of the children 
are members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Y. is a Republican. 

A. G. ZOIMERMAX, farmer, Sec. ^2; P. 0. Monticello ; born in the 
Kingdom of Hanover, Germany, in 1831 ; came to America in 1853, and to Jones Co. 
in 1860. Wife's maiden name was Annie Grumm, a native also of the old country ; 
they were married in 1859 ; have had ten children, nine are living — Margaret, Angeline, 
Eliza, Garret, William, John, Sophia, Matilda and Harmon. Mr. Zimmerman owns 
240 acres, eighty of which is in Section 27. Mr. Z. has been Road Supervisor for one 
or two terms. He and the entire family are in the Lutheran Church ; he is a Repub- 
lican. 

W. I. ZIMMERMA^N", farmer. Sec. 9; P. 0. Monticello; owns forty 
acres; born in Germany in 1840; came to Jones Co. in 1870. Wife's maiden name 
was Eliza Hayen, a native also of Germany; they were married in 1864; have six 
children— C. M., G. M., E. W., F. M., A. G. and A. M. Mr. Zimmerman, his wife 
and children are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Z. is not a voter. 



HALE TOWNSHIP. 

J. €. AUSTIN, farmer, Sec. 10; P. 0. Hale Village; born in Orange Co., 
Vt., in 1827, and, in 1836, came to Kane Co., 111., and remained there until 1854, 
when he came to Iowa and entered 600 acres, and now owns 400 acres, on which he has 
made all of the improvements. He has been Road Supervisor and Justice of the Peace. 
Enlisted in August, 1862, and was elected Captain of Co. G, 31st I. V. I.; mustered 
out in February, 1863, on account of disability. His wife, Helen M. Thurston, was 
born in Genesee Co., N. Y., in 1832; came to Illinois and was married, in 1851, at 
Dundee, 111.; they have three children — Frank E., agent of the C, M. & St. P. R. R., 
at Hale ; Edmond F., merchant at Olin ; George T., attending the farm with his father. 
In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. 

U. BARKER, farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Monroe Co., N. Y., ia 
1823 ; went to Michigan and was there five years, then to Illinois and was there seven 
years, and then to Iowa in 1845; entered and owns 160 acres; built the house and 
barn. Enlisted, in 1861, in the 9th 111. V. I.; discharged in 1864. In politics. Repub- 
lican ; in religion, liberal. His first wife, Clarissa Pike, was born in New York, and 
died in 1860; had two children — Uphenia and Florence (deceased). Second wife, 
Mary Barlow, was born in New York in 1842 ; married in 1867, and has five children 
— Annie, EUie, Dora, Albert and an infant. 

WILiIilAM BAKER, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in Ohio in 
1826, and went to Indiana and remained eighteen years ; then, in 1851, came to Iowa ; 
returned to Indiana ; then, in 1853, came with his family and settled in Cedar Co., 
Iowa, and entered 160 acres, which he sold, and bought and now owns 206 acres, on 
which he has made all the improvements — a barn, 32x42 feet, a good house, fences and 
put place in good order ; his market, at first, was Davenport, and he has sold wheat for 
35 cents, and pork for SI. 50. His wife, Amanda J. Stone, was born in Pennsylvania 
in 1835, and went to Indiana, and then to Wisconsin. 3Iarried in 1856 ; have seven 
children — Franklin (died in 1857), Henry B., Adda, Clayton, Elizabeth, Emma and 
Louie. 

ANDREW BALLOU, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Olin; born in New York 
in 1830 ; went to Michigan in 1842, then to Iowa in 1854 ; bought 200 and now 
owns 618 acres ; has a fine place, and everything in good order. In politics. Repub- 
lican : in religion, liberal ; has been Supervisor. His wife, Philisa Cole, was born in 
Ohio in 1832"; came to Iowa when young. Married in 1855, and had seven children — 
Hiram (died in 1857), Jessie, Sula, Andrew, Charlie, Pheba and Sarah. Has hauled 



638 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

grain to Davenport for his neighbors, and was so poor he would only eat one meal on 
the trip so as to save the means for the purpose of building a home for the family. 

JOSEPH BLASEDEL.L., farmer, Sec. 23; P. 0. Clarence; born in 
Lancashire, England, in 1823 ; came to America in 18-1:7, and remained five years in 
New York; then, in 1852, to Iowa; he helped to build the house for Benjamin Free- 
man; bought 100 acres of land of Mr. Francis, and now owns 260 acres and has a 
fine house; horse-barn, 32x42 feet, with basement, 8-foot rock, 16-foot posts; cow barn, 
26x40 feet, 16-foot posts, and wing 20x22; corn-crib, double, 32 feet in length; this 
is one of the finest places in Hale Township. In politics. Republican ; in religion, 
Free-Will Baptist. His wife was born in North Carolina ; Adeline Thomas ; came to 
Iowa in 1S51. Married in 1854, and have seven children — Mary B., Columbus (at 
school at Milton), David, Oscar, Ida, Albert and Cashie. 

THOMAS BLEASDELI^, farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. Clarence; born in 
Iowa in 1857 ; owns sixty acres of land. In politics. Republican; in religion, liberal. 
His wife. Jennet Karin, was born in Illinois in 1856. Married in 1875, and have one 
child — Elmer Ellsworth. 

JAMES T. BRICKEEY, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Olin ; born in Maryland 
in 1828; came to Iowa in 1854 ; owns 134 acres, on which he has made all the improve- 
ments ; house 16x28, with wing 14x16, and modern fixtures; barn, 31x40, 20-foot 
posts. Enlisted in the 9th I. V. I., in 1861, discharged in 1862 at Memphis. In 
politics, Democrat ; in religion, Methodist Episcopal. Has been Road Supervisor. His 
wife, Elizabeth Brickley, was born in Maryland in 1840; married in 1865 ; had three 
children — Clara May, died in October, 1873 ; Annie Lizzie, born in October, 1873 ; 
Clarence J., January, 1878. 

CHARLES BRUNTL.ETT, farmer, Sec. 2; P. 0. Wyoming; born in 
Ohio; in 1853, came to Illinois, and, in 1855, to Iowa; owns 80 acres. In politics, 
Republican ; in religion, Methodist Episcopal. His wife, Ella Kimbell, was born in 
Wisconsin in 1853, married in 1878, and have one child — Elsie. 

WILLIAM BUCKLEY, farmer. Sec. 27; P. 0. Clarence; born in 
1822, in Athens Co., Ohio ; came to Iowa in 1853 ; entered eighty acres, and now owns 
140 acres ; made all the improvements ; his market was Dubuque, and hauled grain, 
taking from three to five days for a trip, and received 35 cents per bushel. Has 
been Road Supervisor and School Director. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Free- 
Will Baptist. His wife, Sarah Boyles, was born in Athens Co., Ohio; married in 
1847 ; have had eleven children — Parker (now in Jones Co.), Charles (in California), 
John ; Mary (now 3Irs. Smith in Kansas), Charlotta, Millie, George, Fred, Libbie, 
Horace, died in 1848; Franklin, died in 1865. 

JOSEPH BUMOARNER, farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. Hale Village; born 
in 1810, in Berkeley Co., Va. ; came to Indiana, and, in 1843, to Iowa, and entered 
120 acres; now owns 126; made part of the improvements. In religion, liberal ; in 
politics. Republican ; has been Road Supervisor, School Director and Trustee. His 
wife, Eliza Green, born in New York in 1816 ; came to Indiana when young ; married 
in 1835, died Sept. 20, 1878 ; have had thirteen children — Rebecca (now Mrs. J. Cole), 
Mary (now Mrs. Porter, in Shelby Co., Iowa), Rhoda, Elizabeth (deceased), Sarah 
(now Mrs. Glick, of Nebraska), Jane (now Mrs. Porter, in Guthrie Co., Iowa), Belin- 
dia (now Mrs. Porter, in Jones Co.), Annie (now Mrs. Fulk, of Jones Co.), Hannah 
(now deceased, was Mrs. Catlin), Martha, Jackson, Edward, George. 

J. H. BURGESS, former. Sec. 20; P. 0. Olin; born in New York in 
1836; went to Whiteside Co., 111., and remained about twenty years; then in 1866, to 
Jones Co., Iowa, and owns 147 acres. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. His 
wife, Luvina Switzer, born in Pennsylvania in 1846, came to Lee Co., 111., in 1856, 
married in 1866, and have had six children — Ben C, born July 20, 1877 ; Pearly M., 
Nov. 24, 1868; James, Sept. 17, 1871 ; Charles B., Aug. 6, 1872; Milin E., Oct. 13, 
1873; Etta M., Nov. 12, 1875. 

HENRY COLE, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in New York in 
1824 ; came to Iowa in 1849, settled in Jones Co., and entered and now owns 135 acres; 



I 



HALE TOWNSHIP. 639 

made all the improvements ; has sold grain in Davenport for 40 cents per bushel ; pork, 
dressed, at $1.50 per hundred, taking three days for a trip. Has held the office of 
School Director; is now Trustee of the Free- Will Baptist Church, and Treasurer. 
His wife, Mary Simpson, was born in Indiana in 1834 ; came to Iowa in 1839 ; mar- 
ried March 7, 1852, and had four children — William S., died in infancy; Amanda J. 
(now Mrs. M. Wolfe, of Jones Co.) ; Hannah N., died in infancy; George A., born in 
Hale Township in 1854. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. His wife, Edith 
M. Smith, born in Illinois in 1800, came to Iowa in 1870 ; married in 1876 ; have two 
children — Gertrude M. and William H. 

BENJAMIN CRUISE, farmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Clarence; born in Ohio 
in 1837, and came to Kendall Co., 111., and in 1842 came to Jones Co., Iowa, and 
entered 160 acres, and now own 200 acres, on which he has made all the improvements. 
In politics. Democrat; in religion, liberal. His wife, Eliza Shaft, was born in Ohio in 
1847 ; they were married in Cedar Co. in 1869, and have four children — Freddie, Charlie, 
Benjamin and Frankie. 

W. CRONKHITE, farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in Indiana 
in 1833 ; came to Iowa in 1837 ; in 1874, he bought and owns 283 acres, and made 
the improvements ; has been Road Supervisor, School Director and Justice of the 
Peace. In politics, he is Republican ; in religion. Christian. His wife, Caroline M. 
Mangold, was born in Switzerland; came to America in 1841 ; married in 1866; has 
had six children — Harold, Celeste, Alice (died in 1878), Luvonia (died in 1877), 
Chase, Luvonia. Enlisted in 31st I. V. I. in 1862 ; discharged in 1865. 

JASON EL.LIS, farmer. Sec. 5; P. 0. Wyoming; born Nov. 17, 1826, 
in JeflPerson Co., N. Y.; in 1849, came to Illinois; in 1855, he came to his present 
farm ; owns 200 acres of land. Married Mercy A. Colby in 1857 ; she was born in 
Pennsylvania ; have seven children — Ellen (now Mrs. Gallagher), Ada, Farnum, Mary, 
William, Edna and Benjamin; lost Elisha, aged 3 years 3 months and 13 days, and 
Farnum, aged 1 year 2 months and 26 days. Republican ; is a member of M. E. 
Church. 

H. C. FREEMAN, farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in Ohio in 
1833 (Butler Co.) ; came to Iowa in 1851 ; entered, with the family, 260 acres, and 
now owns 325 acres, and has made all the improvements on the place; has a fine house, 
barn and things in general good order. In religion, liberal ; in politics. Republican. 
Enlisted in the 9th I. V. I., in 1861 ; discharged in 1862. and re-enlisted as 2d Lieu- 
tenant in 31st I. V. I. in 1864, and was mustered out in 1863; at present is one of 
the County Board of Supervisors. His wife, Nancy A. Patten, was born in Tippeca- 
noe Co., Ind., Feb. 11, 1840 ; married Feb. 22, 1860, and have six children— Harry 
H., Galusha, Earl Clifford, Mav, Mat and Blanch. 

HAIHIL.TON FREEMAN, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in 
Ohio in 1830 ; came to Iowa in 1851 ; his Either and the brothers entered 560 acres, 
and he now owns 250 acres, on which he has made all of the improvements ; has a fine 
barn and house, and is largely engaged in stock-raising. He has been Collector, Road 
Supervisor, Trustee and School Director. His wife, Agnes Moor, was born in Ireland 
in 1830 ; came to Iowa in 1852, and settled in Cedar Co.; married in 1853, and has 
had eight children — James M. (died in 1877), Elizabeth (now the wife of a son of 
Senator Kent, of Cedar Co.), Charles H., Benjamin, Annie, Willie, Harry and Maggie. 
In politics, is a Republican ; in religion, liberal. 

JOHN GLICK, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. OUn ; born in Ohio in 1833, and 
came to Indiana in 1840 and remained until 1856, when he came to Iowa and bought 
160 acres, and now owns 200 ; has made all the improvements on the place. In poli- 
tics, is a Republican ; in religion, a Lutheran. Has been Road Supervisor and School 
Director. His wife, Hannah McCamman, was born in Pennsylvania in 1818 ; married 
in Ohio in 1840, and has five children living — William H., Samuel, Mitchell, John A., 
Joseph L. and Nan ; lost five. 

W. H. GLICK, farmer. Sec. 20; P. 0. Olin ; born in Indiana in 1841 ; 
came to Iowa in 1856; enlisted Aug. 12, 1861, in 9th I. V. I.; mustered out Sept. 2, 



640 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

1864; wounded November 25, at Mission Ridge, Ga.; owns 110 acres, and made the 
improvements. In polities, is a Republican ; in religion, is liberal. Has been a 
School Director, Trustee and Township Collector. His wife, Elizabeth Stevens, was 
born in Ohio in 1847 ; married Aug. 5, 1865, and has two children — Dora E. and 
John A. 

JOHN <tJOR:?IAN, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in Sligo Co., 
Ireland in 181!» ; came to America in 1847, and remained one year in Pennsylvania, 
when he enlisted in the U. S. Regular Army, and stationed at Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y., 
two years and nine months; received his discharge and paid with a land warrant. Went 
to Illinois and worked in the vicinity of Chicago for eight years ; then took a seven-mile 
contract on the Air Line Railroad in 1857 ; then bought eighty acres, and settled in 
Hale Township of Jones Co., and now owns 275 acres, on which he has made all the 
improvements, and has a beautiful place. Owns a half-interest in the stone quarry known 
as Horton's. In politics, Democrat ; in religion, Catholic. His wife, Mary Roony, 
born in Sligo City, Ireland, came to America when young, and married in West Troy, 
N. Y.; had twelve children, nine living — John, George, Michael, Elecia, Daniel, Kate, 
Celia, Maggie, Thomas ; Thomas died at the age of 3 years ; two not named died in 
infancy. 

W. HATHAWAY, farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in New 
York in 1823 ; went to Chicago in 1844, and then went to Green Bay, Wis , and 
helped to build a saw-mill — the first one there ; then returned to New York ; then in 
the spring to Wisconsin, and, in 1867, to Iowa. Owns 180 acres; made all the improve- 
ments. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Methodist, His wife, Sarah Adams, born in 
Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1828. Married in New York in 1843, and have nine children — 
Adelbert, Emma (now Mrs. Nichols, in Kansas), Charles (died in 1879), Annie (now 
Mrs. Holmes, in Kansas), Wilber, Robert James (died in 1865), Rodman W., Nellie, 
Eugfne. 

T. J. HOliMES, farmer. Sec. 7; P. 0. Olin ; born in Augusta, Madison Co., 
N. Y., in 1802 ; came to Iowa in 1853, and owns eighty acres. Was in the Black 
Hawk war. Company B. In politics, Republican; in religion, Universalist. His wife, 
Abigail C. Perrin, was born in New Hampshire in 1814. Married in Michigan in 1846, 
and have five children — Lucinda E. (now Mrs. Ira Coleman), Mary A., Charles A., 
John A. ('in Mitchell Co., Kan.), William A. (in Shelby Co., Iowa). 

ROBERT INGLIS, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Hale Village; born in Scot- 
land in 1822, and came to America in 1858 ; settled in Jones Co., and bought and 
now owns 268 acres, and has made all the improvements himself, has good house and 
barn. Has been Road Supervisor, and is now Trustee. In religion, Presbyterian ; in 
politics. Republican. His wife, Jane Porter, was born in Scotland in 1823. IMarried 
in 1852, and have four children — John, George, Margaret and Jennette, twins. 

C. H. liABfE, former, Sec. 20; P. 0. Olin; born in Ohio in 1828; came to 
Iowa in 1845 ; settled in Jones Co., Rome Township, and bought 100 acres; sold, and 
entered 220 acres in Hale, made all the improvements on the place; now owns 120. 
Has been Constable twenty years; School Director before the township was divided. In 
religion, liberal; in politics, Republican. Enlisted, in 1861, in the 9th I. V. I., and 
mustered out as Third Sergeant of Company B, in 1864. First wife, Mary Cromwell, 
born in New York ; married in 1849; died in 1860, and had three children — Margaret 
(now Mrs. Byers, of Kansas), George (in Olin), Edward (in Chicago). 

GEORGE liEWIS, mc'rchant and Postmaster, Hale VTllage ; born in Cat- 
taraugus Co., N. Y., in 1840 ; went to Kendall Co., III., in 1846, and, in 1853, to La 
Salle, III, and remained until he enlisted, in February, 1863, in Cushman's Brigade, and 
transferred to 15th 111. V. C., and mustered out in February, 1865, at Little Rock, Ark.; 
returned to Illinois; in 1865, came to Jones Co., Iowa; bought and owns 110 acres. 
Is Justice of the Peace. In religion, Presbyterian ; in politics, Republican. His first 
wife, Mary A. Farley, was born in Wilna, Jefferson Co., N. Y., Oct. 21, 1841 ; died 
Sept. 21, 1868, leaving two children — Ida, and Jennie, who died when small. Mr. 
Lewis was married to Mrs. Marjraret Tabor Oct. 19, 1878 ; she was born in Vermilion 



I 



HALE TOWNSHIP. 641 

Co., Ill, in 1835. Mr. Tabor was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Nov. 21, 1832 ; died 
Feb. 16, 1878. 

BENTON MYER, ftu-mer, Sec. 2-4; P. 0. Oxford Mills ; born in Ohio in 
1844 ; came to Iowa in 18G4, and bought and now owns 120 acres ; has made all the 
improvements. Was Constable in Clinton Co., Iowa. In politics. Democrat ; in religion, 
Catholic. His wife, Mary Devett, was born in Indiana in 1850 ; came to Iowa when 
an infant, and married in 1870. 

In. A. SIMPSON, farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in Tioga Co., 
N. Y., in 1808 ; when about 8 years of age, went to South Bend, Ohio, then to the 
Wabash Settlement, Warren Co., Ind., and to Iowa in 1839, and entered 300 acres ; 
now owns 225 acres ; made all the improvements on the place ; has built a good house, 
and has things in good order and repair ; the winter of 1839, returned to the Wabash 
settlement in Indiana, as there was nothing to winter on in Iowa ; made the trip with 
oxen ; his market was Dubuque, and it took three days for a trip and he sold hogs for 
$1.50. Has been Assessor and Trustee for a great many years, also Surveyor of the 
county ; in politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. His first wife, Elizabeth Bum- 
garner, was born in Virginia in 1814 ; married at the age of 23, and died within one 
year; married his second wife, Mary Bumgarner, in Iowa in 1840; she died May 27, 
1857 ; had three children, only one living — Hannah L.; William B. enlisted in Co. Gr, 
31st I. V. I.; died at Davenport, and buried the day he was 21 years of age ; and 
infant child. 

R. B. SIMMONS, flirmer, Sec. 21 ; P. O. Olin ; born in Belmont Co., Ohio, 
in 1806 ; in 1812, went to Richland Co., Ohio, and to Iowa in 1851 ; bought eighty 
acres, and now owns sixty and one-half; made the improvements; has hauled grain to 
Muscatine and sold it for 31 cents, dressed pork for $1.25. In politics. Democrat ; 
in religion, EVee-Will Baptist. His wife, Mary Myers, was born in Belmont Co., Ohio, 
in 1808 ; married in 1828 ; have had fifteen children — Sarah (now Mrs. Coleman) ; 
Jacob, Susan, died 1833; William, in California; Nancy, in Denver City; Abijah, 
Colman, Elizabeth, in Greene Co. ; Ellen died in 1846 ; Amanda and Amanuel, twins, 
died in 1847 ; Richard died in 1850 ; Samuel. 

C H. SMITH, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in ConnecUcut 
in 1821 ; went to Ohio in 1827, and to Iowa in 1874 ; bought 270 acres. In politics. 
Republican ; in religion, Free-Will Baptist. His wife, Mary F. Barton, was born in 
Granby, Mass., in 1823; married at Wayne, Ashtabula Co., (Jhio, in 1846, and have 
six children — M. B. (in Wyoming) ; Delany (now Mrs. Phillips) ; Dewitt L., Charles 
H., Clara and Newell. 

B. A. SMITH, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in Berkshire Co., 
Mass., in 1830 ; went to Pennsylvania in 1840, and, in 1845, to Virginia; in 1851, 
came to Iowa ; owns 380 acres, on which he has made all the improvements. In poli- 
tics. Republican; in religion, Free-Will Baptist. Has been Road Supervisor and School 
Director. His wife, Irena Reed, was born in Ohio in 1835 ; married in 1851, and have 
eight children — C. A., Catherine (now Mrs. Coppass), Mary V. (now Mrs. Giddings), 
Mitchell, Ina, Manville, Franklin F., Ha. Enlisted in the 31st I. V. I., in 1861; dis- 
charged in 1866. 

JOSHUA SMITH, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Hale Village ; born in Den- 
mark, N. Y., 3Iay 14, 1824; went to Wisconsin in 1848 and remained until 1855, 
then to Indiana, in 1857 ; then returned to Wisconsin and then to Iowa ; now owns 
110 acres of land ; was a soldier in the Mexican war, and is now drawing a pension. 
In politics, a Greenbacker ; in religion, a Spiritualist. His first wife, Julia A. Deuel, 
was born in New York Feb. 11, 1828, and married in Wisconsin Feb. 25, 1850 ; she 
died April 25, 1869, leaving six children — Sefarena F. (now Mrs. Wilson Bennett), 
born May 31, 1851 ; Vincent P., born Nov. 9, 1853, now in Illinois; George M., born 
Dec. 31, 1855, died Aug. 9, 1856; Olive J., born Sept. 21, 1857, now in Chicago; 
Hattie S., born March 29, 1860, died Sept. 26, 1875 ; Nancy L., born March 21, 1862, 
now in Illinois. John H. Campbell was born Dec. 23, 1828; came to Iowa in 1856 , 
died March 7, 1874. He was married April 8, 1851, to Sarah A. Pike, who was born 



642 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Dec. 12, 1828, and had four children— Mary E., born May 26, 1854 ; John J., April 
2, 1859; Cornelius L., Sept. 11, 1864; Herbert G., Dec. 15, 1868. Mrs. Campbell 
was married to Mr. Smith Aug. 12, 1875. 

S. E. STARRY, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in Jones Co. in 
1851 ; in 1858, went to Linn ; remained there until 1874, and returned to Jones Co. 
and bought 100 acres and made all the improvements himself. Has been Town Clerk, 
Road Supervisor and President of the School Board. In politics. Republican ; in 
religion, Wesleyan Methodist. At the present time, he is lecturing and working the 
Degrees of Masonry through the United States. His wife, Alice McShane, was born 
in Linn Co. in 1858; married July 3, 1873, and have one child — Inez. 

%VILI.IAM SWEET, deceased; born in New York in 1807; went to 
Michigan at the age of 19; then to Indiana and Illinois; settled in Whiteside Co.; 
came to Iowa in 1837, to Cedar Co., and in 1837, to Jones Co and settled at Rome; 
engaged in the manufacture of brick, making the first in the county; in 1850, moved 
to Hale and entered and now owns 160 acres of land; he made all the improvements; 
died Dec. 17, 1862. His wife, Jane Blackmer, was born in New York in 1818, and 
came to Michigan at the age of 9 years ; was married in Michigan and have had twelve 
children — Sophia, Martha, Mirah, Leonard, William, Adeline, Nathaniel, Irena, Lorena 
(died Sept. 18, 1855), Lenora (died March 18, 1860), Milton L. (died Aug. 16, 1864), 
Mary L. (died Dec. 23, 1852). Mrs. S. helped to make the first flag raised in the town 
of Rome in 1841, and is one of the pioneers of Jones Co.; resides on Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
Hale Village. 

OEOROE P. TY^RRELL., farmer, Sec. 30; P. 0. Oxford Mills; born 
in Bradford Co., Penn., in 1842 ; came to Iowa in 1855 ; bought and now owns 160 
acres ; has made all the improvements ; house 28x46, barn 36x50, wind-mill and all 
the conveniences of a well-kept farm and a beautiful home. Has been Assessor, School 
Director, Secretary of School Board since he was 21 years of age, and also Road Super- 
visor. His wife, Elizabeth Kimball, was born in Ohio in 1852 ; came to Iowa when 
small; married Sept. 22, 1871, and have had four children — Emmie, died Aug. 29, 
1873 ; George W., aged 5 ; Edsar F., aged 3 ; Ella A., died Aug. 22, 1879. 

W. ^. WALSTOX,"farmer,''Sec. 12; P. 0. Wyoming; born in Ohio in 
1829 ; came to America in 1847, and now owns 157 acres, and has made all the 
improvements. His wife, Sarah Waite, was born in England in 1833 ; came to 
America in 1845 and settled in New York City ; married in 1852 and have thirteen 
children living — Eliza W., Mary E. (now Mrs. Schwab, of Jones Co.). Charles E., 
William H., Esther M., George F., John R., Sarah E., Ida I., Alva J., Clarence L., 
Nettie R. and Vernie A. Has held the office of School Director. 

F. D. WERB, farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. O. Olin ; born in Ohio in 1843 ; came to 
Iowa Jan. 1, 1879; bought and owns eighty acres. Enlisted in the 23d N. Y. V. I. 
in 1861 ; mustered out in 1863 ; re-enHsted in the 50th N. Y. Engineer Corps in 1863 
and served till the close of the war. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. He 
has raised 200 wagon-loads of watermelons and has saved for the trade forty pounds of 
seed this year. His wife, Mary A. Colby, was born in Canada in 1852; married in 
1866 and have five children — Angenoria, Mary Ann, Bertha, Elzina and Gertrude. 

J. H. WHITNEY, flirmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Clarence ; born in New Hamp- 
shire in 1834 ; came to Ohio, then to New York, and, in 1855, to Iowa; owns 140 
acres, and has made all the improvements ; has been Road Supervisor, Township Col- 
lector two terms, and School Director two terms ; he enlisted, Aug. 12, 1861, in the 
9th I. V. I.; discharged May 30, 1862, for disability. His wife, Rebecca J. Furgeson, 
was born in Indiana in 1830 ; came to Iowa in 1854 ; married in 1864 ; have two chil- 
dren — Hiram E. and Rosella K. Mrs. Whitney had six children by a former marriage; 
all are dead except two — Ida F. (now Mrs. R. B. Elijah, of Cedar Co.), Ada F. (now 
Rev. Mrs. T. F. Blair, of Marengo, Iowa). 



ROME TOWNSHIP. 643 



ROME TOWNSHIP. 



J. O. BATES, attorney at law, Olin ; born in OHn in 1852; a son of L. 
D. Bates, farmer, in Sec. 1 6, Rome Township. In politics, llepublican ; in religion, 
liberal. His wife, Electa L. Winters, was born in Ohio in 1852; married in Jasper 
Co. in 1873, and resided there two years ; have two children, boys — L. D. and W. S. 

JACOB BAUGH, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Warren Co., Ind., 
in 1831 ; came to Iowa in 1839 ; entered 120 acres in Sec. 26 ; then sold and went to 
Benton Co., and bought 120 acres ; sold and returned to Jones Co., and bought the old 
home, and owns 308 acres. In politics, is Republican ; in religion, liberal. His wife, 
Miss H. E. Barker, was born in Connecticut in 1830; came to Iowa while young; 
were married in 1856, and have three children — Charles E., Jennie E. and James L. 

JAMES BL AYNE Y, retired farmer; P. 0. Olin ; born in Virginia Feb. 14, 
1801 ; removed to Ohio and remained there nine years ; came to Iowa in 185p ; bought 
275 acres and now owns 146 acres in Sec. 3, and made all the improvements on the 
place now occupied by his son. In politics, Democrat ; in religion, Presbyterian. His 
first wife, Rebeca Blayney, was born in Ireland ; came to America when young ; mar- 
ried in Pennsylvania; died in 1863 ; had six children, three boys and three girls. His 
second wife, Elvira Shaw, was born in Ohio March 12, 1817; came to Iowa in 1856; 
remained till 1860, and married in Ohio in 1864. 

JOHN BOTHWEI^Ii, farmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Olin; born in Scotland in 
1822; came to America in 1822, and to Iowa in 1860 ; bought eighty acres; now owns 
50 acres; at present time, lives in Shelby Co., with his son. His wife, Caroline Seely, 
was born in New York in 1839 ; came to Iowa in 1837 ; married in 1847 ; of the 
children, four are dead and seven are living and settled in the West ; but two are at 
home. 

A. E. CARPENTER, farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Olin; born in Delaware Co., 
Ohio, March 29, 1852 ; came to Iowa at the age of 1 year ; owns 160 acres. His wife. 
Sella Littlefield, was born in Pennsylvania in 1852 ; came to Iowa in 1861 ; married 
Dec. 7, 1873 ; have two children — David F. and Charlie E. In politics, Republican ; 
in religion, Spiritualist. 

D. R. CARPENTER, merchant, Olin ; born in Delaware Co., Ohio, in 
1825 ; came to Iowa and settled at what was known as Walnut Forks in 1853, and 
entered a quarter-section, and at present owns 325 acres, and also town property. He 
is one of the Directors of Olin College. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. 
His first wife, Christiana Mershon, was born in Ohio in 1835 ; married Jan. 1, 1851 ; 
died in 1862, leaving four children — Ashad, Lewis, Lilly, Sarah M. ; infiint deceased. 
His second wife, Mary Lamb, was born in Ohio in 1831 ; married Aug. 27, 1865. 

R. J. CLEVELAND, deceased; born in Boston, Mass., in 1805; grad- 
uated at Harvard University, in CIa.ss of '27, and came to Iowa Sept. 9, 1840, and entered 
220 acres, and sold in 1868 ; the estate now includes town property. He was instrumental 
in securing the first post office in Jones Co. in 1841 ; was County Surveyor and Postmas- 
ter for two years ; Justice of the Peace ; was also in the Surveyor General's office at 
Dubuque. Enlisted in the 9th I. V. I. in 1861, and was discharged in 1862 ; died 
September 7, 1877. His wife, Mary E. Seeley, was born in New York in 1814 ; went 
to Illinois in 1836 ; came to Iowa in 1840 ; married in 1839 ; in the winter of 1840, 
taught school in the village of Rome, in their house, her services being paid for by sub- 
scription. Mrs. Cleveland was married, in 1878, to Rev. Joseph Lowry, who was born 
in Ireland in 1813 ; came to Canada in 1849, and to Iowa in 1854 ; he established the 
first Sunday school in the village of Rome. 

ALBERT CLYMER, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Fairfield Co., 
Ohio, in 1827 ; came to Iowa in 1851 ; owns 120 acres, which his father left him, and 
entered by his father. In politics. Republican ; in religion. United Brethren. His 



644 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

wife, Sarah Shoemaker, was bora in Ohio March 1, 1841 ; came to Iowa when young; 
married in 1863, and have had ten children — Mary Louisa, born May 24, 1864 ; Lor- 
etta Jane, Aug. 26, 1865 ; Emily Alice, Feb. 13, 1867, died Sept. 20, 1868 ; Chris- 
tina Ann, born April 23, 1868, died July 4, 1868 ; Samuel Washington, born Sept. 
20, 1869 ; Olive Clementine, Oct. 2, 1871 ; Albert Charles, Feb. 24, 1873, died Feb. 
3, 1875 ; Kachael Elizabeth, born Dec. 18, 1874 ; William G., Sept. 15, 1876, died 
Aug. 21, 1877 ; Nancy Ellen, born Sept. 1, 1878, died Sept. 1, 1878. 

LEVI COZAKT, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Virginia in 1824; 
came to Ohio, then to Iowa in 1862. Now owns 160 acres; made the improvements. 
In politics. Democrat ; in religion, liberal. Has been School Director. His wife, 
Sarah Emberson, was born in Ohio in 1830 ; married in 1849, and have had nine chil- 
dren — Andrew, Susan, John (died in infancy), Charlie (died at the age of 5), Henri- 
etta, Sarah E., Flora F., Abel, Mad Ma Masella Cdied at the age of 4). 

ORVILLE CRONKHITE, deceased; born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., 
Oct. 6, 1810 ; came to Iowa in 1839, and entered 400 acres, and now owns 160 in Sec. 
15, on which the improvements of the old homestead are still in good repair. He was 
Probate Judge, Justice of the Peace, and held other offices. Died April 7, 1875. 
His wife, Lovina Baugh, was born in Piqua Co., Ohio, in 1814; came to Indiana in 
1826 ; married in 1830, and have had ten children — William (in Jones Co.), Jane, 
Henrietta, Caroline (deceased), Buell, Emily (deceased), John, Orville (deceased), 
Emeline (infant). 

C H. DERR, Postmaster, Olin ; born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, town of 
Salem, iu 1840 ; came to Iowa in 1865 ; settled in Mechanicsville, Cedar Co., and then 
removed to Jones Co. in 1865, and bought, in company with his brother, 220 acres, 
and now owns 182 j acres. In politics, Republican ; in religion, liberal. Has been 
Trustee, Justice of the Peace, Assessor, and Postmaster for four years. Enlisted, in 
1861, in the 19th Ohio V. I., and was discharged in March, 1863, and afterward Act- 
ing Quartermaster till the close of the war. His wife, Miss E. J. Kemp, was born in 
Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1840; married in Ohio in 1865, and have three children — 
Kate May, C. W., R. I. 

J. E. DERR, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, 
in 1844 ; came to Iowa in 1863, and settled in Cedar Co. ; thence to Jones Co. in 
1866; bought 220 acres, and now owns 182 V; has made the improvements on the 
place. Enlisted in the 104th Ohio V. I. in 1862, and was discharged in 1862; was 
then in the Quartermaster's Department in Tennessee sis months. In politics. Repub- 
lican ; in religion, liberal. His wife, Susan Shaw, was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, 
in 1843; married in 1871, in Ohio, and have two children — Cuesta (died in 1873), 
Luretta (5 years of age). 

S. li. EASTERLiY, hardware merchant, Olin ; born in Richland Co., Ohio, 
in 1843; came to Iowa in 1852, and located in Olin in 1865; engaged in business until 
1869, when he went to Shelby Co., and was appointed one of a committee of five to 
organize Lincoln Township, and cast the first vote of the township ; returned to Olin 
in 1875, and engaged in the hardware business; built and moved into his new store 
building July 17, 1879. He was on a committee of five to organize the city of Olin, 
and is now one of the Councilnien ; also School Director and Town Clerk. In politics, 
Republican ; in religion, United Brethren. His wife, Annie Rutter, was born in Rich- 
land Co., Ohio, in 1843 ; came to Iowa when young; married in Jasper Co. in 1864, 
and have three children — Nellie, Hattie, Mamie. 

SAMUEL EASTERLY, retired former; P. 0. Olin; born in Cumber- 
land Co., Penn., Sept. 15, 1810, and came to Ohio in 1827, and to Jones Co., Iowa, in 
1852, and entered 240 acres; made all the improvements, and has at present 160 acres 
in Sees. 25 and 26 ; also owns town property. Has been Assessor and Trustee. In 
politics. Republican, and in religion. United Brethren. His wife, Hannah Watts, was 
born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1810, and married in Ohio March 19, 1829 ; have 
had nine 3hildren — Catharine (now Mrs. Austin, in Ohio), John (in Cedar Co.), Mary 
J. 1 now .Mrs. D. II. Carpenter, of Olin), Thomas (in Rome Township), Eliza (now 



ROME TOWNSHIP. 647 

Mrs. G. W. Millar, in Olin), Lawrence (died in the army, in Missouri, Jan. 25, 1862), 
S. L. (in busmess in Olin ), Maggie (died March 27, 186-4), Hattie (now Mrs. D. E. 
Runnel, of Olin). 

CHARLES EMERSON, flirmcr, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Ohio in 
1841 ; came to Iowa in 1853, and bought sixty and now owns ninety acres ; made 
most of the improvements. Has been School Director of District No. 3. In politics, 
Republican ; in religion. United Brethren. Enlisted, in 18(52, in the 31st I. V. I. ; 
discharged July 4, 1863; wounded at Atlanta, Ga. His wife, Mary A. Millar, was 
born in Ohio in 18-46 ; came to Iowa when young; married in 1870, and have five 
children— Maggie M., Edna E., Myrtie E., Nellie A., Charles E. (died Sept. 28, 
1879). 

S. W. FLAHERTY, flirmer, Sec. 22; P. 0. Olin; born in Richland Co., 
Ohio, in 1849 ; came to Iowa in 1871 ; bought and owns fifty-two acres, and made the 
improvements. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal. Elected Road Supervisor 
in 1879; Secretary of Township School Board for 1879 ; has taught school for five 
years in same township. His wife, Amanda Lamley, was born in Richland Co., Ohio, 
in 1851 ; married in 1870, and have two children — Edgar C. and William H. 

JACOB FORE31AX, farmer, Sec. 18; P. 0. Viroqua ; born in Kentucky 
in 1814; went to Ohio when young ; then to Indiana, and; in 1844, to Iowa, and 
entered 200 acres, and made the improvements; now owns 360. In politics. Repub- 
lican ; in religion, Lutheran. Has been Road Supervisor, School Director and Trustee. 
His wife, Jane Roony, was born in Virginia in 1817 ; came to Ohio when young, then 
to Indiana. Married in 1836; have had seven children — Rhoda (now Mrs. WiUiam 
Harrison), Margaret (now Mrs. G-ilmore, in Shelby Co.), Mary J. (now Mrs. Cook, in 
Shelby Co."), Elenora M. (now Mrs. B. H. Millar, in Olin), Augusta (now Mrs. Smith, 
at home), Elizabeth Sunday (deceased), and Albert (deceased). 

JOHN O. FRENCH, lumber, Olin; born in New Hampshire in 1827, 
and, in 1856, went to Eau Claire Co , Wis.; was County Treasurer in 1858-59 ; came 
to Iowa in 1872, and owns town property ; has one of the finest dwellings in the vil- 
lage. Has been School Director and Trustee of the M. E. Church. In politics. Repub- 
lican. His wife, Ellen Hutchinson, was born in Norwich, Vt., in 1832 ; married Oct. 
10, 1861 ; had six children — Anne, Sarah, Isabella, John 0. and Charles H. Nellie 
died in 1872. 

WILLIAM GrILLMAN, tinsmith, Olin; born in Warren Co., Ind., in 
1842, and came to Iowa in 1855, and settled in Rome Township, and remained until 
the fall of 1865 ; then went to Mechanicsville, Cedar Co., and remained until 1870, 
when he returned to Olin, and is now with S. L. Easterly. He owns town property. 
In politics, Republican ; in religion, liberal. Has been Town Clerk two years. Consta- 
ble one year. His wife, Ida Rogers, was born in Jones Co., Iowa, in 1853 ; married in 
1875, and has one child — Allen Benton. 

G. W. Cj}R.4FFT, fiirmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Butler Co., Ohio, 
in 1829, and came to Iowa in 1844 with his father; took a claim and has made all the 
improvements — a fine house, 28x36 ; barn, 32x37 ; deals in fine stock ; has been 
Road Supervisor. In politics, Democrat ; in religion, liberal. His wife, Mary Seely, 
was born in New York in 1835 ; came to Iowa in 1837 ; married in 1850, and their 
children are J. R., Mary A. (now Mrs. Porter), Sarah E., Eunice, Martha, Dol- 
lie, George E. and Caroline (died in infancy). 

F/<URISW0LD, farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Herkimer Co., N.Y., 
in 1830 ; came to Iowa in 1868, and to Jones Co. in 1870 ; bought and owns 240 acres 
and made part of the improvements ; has been Road Supervisor, School Director and 
Justice of the Peace. His wife, Sarah E. March, was born in Orange Co., N. Y., in 
1844 ; married in 1861, and have two children. 

M. G. HULL, agent C, M. & St. P. R. R., Olin; born in Ohio in 1827 ; 
came to Iowa in 1858, and engaged in teaching school ; owns town property in Marion, 
Iowa. He was the first agent of the D. & S. W. R. R. at Monticello, and transferred to 
Anamosa, and remained there until July, then returned to Monticello and remained 

s 



648 BIOGRAPHICAL SKEICHES: 

there until 1867, when he went to Marion, in the oflBce of the D. & S. W. R. R. until 
the spring of 1877 ; then back to Jones Co., on the S. A. & D. R. R. at Martelle, until 
May 2, 1877, and then, Nov. 13, 1877, to Olin, with the S., A, & D., now C, M. &; 
St. P.; he is also telegraph operator. In politics, Democrat ; in religion, Prosbyterian. 
His wife, Mary A. Dubois, was born in Ohio in 1830 ; married in Ohio in 1853, and 
have six children — Louis (agent at Southern Minnesota Junction, Minn.), Amelia 
(now Mrs. L. C. Kemp, of Vinton), Annie Mary (died in 1861), Sarah, Carrie and 
William Blair. 

3, W. HOWE, merchant, Olin ; born in West Virginia in 1848; came to 
Iowa in 1871 ; settled in Stanwood, Cedar Co., merchandising, and in 1873 removed ta 
Olin ; owns town property ; burnt out in 1876, at the time of the big fire. In politics, 
Republican ; in religion, member of the M. E. Church. Enlisted in 1863 in the West 
Va. V. I, and was mustered out in August, 1875 ; was engaged at the battles of Cedar 
Creek, Winchester, Hatcher's Run, Petersburg, and at the final surrender of Lee. His 
wife, Josie Ronar, was born in West Virginia in 1851 ; married in 1872, and have two 
children — Luella J. and Cliallen R. 

J. W . JAllISOX, attorney at law, of the firm of Oakly & Jamison, Olin ; 
is a native of Lafayette, Ind., and was born March 1, 18-18; he grew up to manhood 
and received his education in that State; in 1870, he came to Jones Co., and studied 
law with B. H. White at Wyoming, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1872, 
and since then has practiced his profession in this county ; he associated with Mr. Oakly 
March 1, 1877 ; he resides at Olin and has his office there. Mr. Jamison was united in 
marriage to Miss Tillie Herrick, of Monticello, June 25, 1873 ; they have one daugh- 
ter — Carrie C. 

ROBERT JOHNSOX, farmer. Sec. 29; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born in 
Delaware Co., Ohio, in 1837 ; came to Iowa in 1858; owns 157 acres ; has made the 
improvements ; has been School Director four years. In politics. Democrat ; in religion, 
liberal. His wife, Mary A. Saum, was born in Indiana in 1839, and came to Iowa in 
1840 with her fither, and settled at Burlington ; moved to Jones Co. in 1841 ; married 
in 1861 and have two children — Frank Ellsworth, born in Jones Co. March 30, 1862 ; 
Alma Olive, born Auu". 25. 1864, in Jones Co. 

THOMAS JONES, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville; born in Mun- 
roe Co., Ind., in 1819 ; came to Iowa in the fall of 1863 ; in 1869, he bought and now 
owns 226 acres, on which he has made most of the improvements ; has been Township 
Trustee, School Director and Road Supervisor. In politics, Republican ; in religion, 
Methodist Episcopal. His wife, Jane Tabum, was born in North Carolina in 1822 ; 
came to Iowa in 1826; married in 1842, and have eight children — Elinora (now Mrs. 
J. R. Jones), Mary (now Mrs. McDowell), Henry L., Cenith (now Mrs. Johnson, in 
Greene Co.), Annis (now Mrs. Davis, in Greene Co.), Manford, Millie (now Mrs. Young, 
in Benton Co.), Amy, (now Mr.-s. Johnson, in Cedar Co.). Dillie. 

GEORGE JUSTICE, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born in 
Pennsylvania Jan. 24, 1810 ; came to Iowa April 13, 1854 ; to Linn Co. Nov. 14, 
1864, and then to Jones Co; owns eighty acres a4]d made the improvements; house, 
26x36, 16-foot posts — wing 12x16. In politics, Republican ; in religion, Presbj'terian. 
Has been Road Supervisor ; in Pennsylvania, was Colonel of a regiment of militia. His 
wife, jMargaret W. Douglas, was born in Pennsylvania Jan. 8, 1812; married in Penn- 
sylvania Sept. 8, 1831, and had eight children — John, in Jones Co.; George D., killed 
by the kick of a horse, at the age of 12 ; Betsy, died at the age of 6 ; Mary, at home ; 
Gussy (now Mrs. Taylor, in Rome Township) ; Jacob S , died in the armj"^ at New 
Orleans ; Margaret J. (now Mrs. Pelter, in Grand Junction) ; Eliza J. (now Mrs. 
Wesley Bower, in Grand Junction). 

A. L.IXDLY, farmer. Sec. 15; P. O. Olin ; born in Butler Co., Ohio, in 
1822, and from there to Indiana when small, and then to Iowa, in 1849 ; entered forty 
acres and now owns eighty ; has made all the improvements ; had a good house burned 
in 1871 ; has been Constable and School Director. In politics. Republican; in reli.iiion, 
liberal. His first wife, Mary Garrison, was born in Indiana in 1823; married in 1843; 



ROME TOWNSHIP. 649 

died in 1855; had three children — Albert, Jane and Melissa; his second wife, Nancy 
BikerstoiF, was born in Pennsylvania in 1832; married in 1857, and have eight chil- 
dren living — George, Elizabeth, Jane, Ida, Clarissa, Oliver, Ulysses, Martha, Amsy ; 
Rily, deceased. 

^WIIililAM McCREA, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. O. Olin ; born in Virginia in 
1795 ; came to Iowa in 1855 ; bought 200 acres. His first wife, Hannah White, was 
born in Virginia ; his second wdfe ; Eliza Hutton, was born in Virginia ; his third wife, 
Alice Jenkins, was born in New York ; have three children living — Benjamin H., 
Moses M. and Mary (now Mrs. White). 

MOSES M. McCREA, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Olin; born in Indiana in 
1839 ; came to Iowa in 1855, and owns 220 acres and has made all the improvements. 
In politics, Republican; in religion, liberal. Enlisted in 1802, in Co. G-, 31st I. V. I.; 
mustered out in 18G5. His wife, Armilda Norton, was born in Indiana; came to Iowa 
when young; married in 1871, and had three children — Nellie Gr., Lillie H. and 
William. 

C. F. McGREW, Principal of High School, Olin ; born in Henry Co., 
Iowa, in 1856 ; came to Jones Co. in 1864, to Wyoming, and attended the Lenox Insti- 
tute at Hopkinton, Iowa, in 1866 ; learned the printer's trade at Wyoming ; was in the 
drug business at Springville, Iowa, from 1876 to 1878, then to Olin ; admitted to the 
bar March 5, 1879 ; has just been elected County Surveyor on the Republican ticket; 
in religion, liberal. He has the surveyor's compass once owned by John Brown, of 
Harper's Ferry notoriety. 

JOHN MERRITT, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in the town of Ovid, 
Seneca Co., N. Y., in 1806 ; removed to Orleans Co., and then to Lock port, and then 
to Cattaraugus Co., and Dec. 11, 1836, started for Iowa; owns 75-t acres; he took up 
a claim, built a log cabin, and sold his team and returned by the way of St. Louis and 
the Ohio River to New York ; started in the fall of 1837 for Iowa; arrived at Clinton, 
Iowa, where he remained until Nov. 9, 1837, when he came to Jones Co. In politics, 
Republican ; in religion, Methodist. Has been School Director, Trustee, Road Super- 
visor ; was the first Road Supervisor in this part of the county. His first wife, Cath- 
erine Culp, was born in Pennsylvania in 1800 ; came to Niagara Co., N. Y., and mar- 
ried Sept. 30, 1827; died Dec. 14, 1835, and left seven children — Horatio, Agnes, 
Joseph, Jerome, William, Dollie (deceased) and Cornelius. His second wife, Caroline 
Dunlap (was the Widow Harvey), was born in Pennsylvania ; married 3Ir. 3Ierritt in 
1856 and had seven children — L. V. (now Mrs. Hay, of Jackson Township), Malinda 
(now Mrs. Berely, of Jackson Township), Elmer, Deligha, Hiram Sherman, Charles 
Willis, Cordelia. 

JEROME J. MERRITT, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in New 
York in 1833 ; came to Iowa in 1837 ; owns 334 acres of land and has made all the 
improvements on the place ; has a fine barn 24x36, 14-foot posts ; house, 16x30 ; wing, 
12x14. He is the third son of John Merritt. In politics. Republican ; in religion, 
liberal. Has been Road Supervisor and School Director for eight years. His wife, 
Rebecca Blayney, was born in Ohio in 1837 ; came to Iowa in 1855 ; married in 1856 
and had eight children — James B., ^Miranda, Mary, Augustus, Augusta (died in 1877), 
Don Carlos, Erwin and Dellis. 

RURTON MIELER, farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0. Viroqua; born in Ohio in 
1820 ; came to Iowa in 1852 ; his father entered land and they now own 103 acres; 
made the improvements. In politics. Democrat ; in religion. United Brethren. His 
wife, Catharine Meeks, was born in Ohio in 1822; married in Ohio in 1856; have 
eight children — Flora A. (now Mrs. Solts, of Rome), Mary A. (now Mrs. Emmerson), 
Barbara A. (now Mrs. Taylor), William B. (in Rome), John H., Elizabeth A., Cath- 
erine and George H. (died in 1858). 

R. H. MILEER. attorney at law, Olin ; born in Rome Township in 1845, 
" one year after the settlement of the family in Iowa ; " left the farm March 1, 1858 ; 
gone for two years; in 1864, went to Mechanicsville ; in 1868, to Stanwood, and 
engaged in the drug business till 1872. Was Postmaster at Stanwood, also Justice of 



650 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

the Peace, and Township Clerk ; Treasurer of Independent School Board. Came to 
Olin in April, 1872, and engaged in drug business ; has been Justice of the Peace and 
Postmaster at Olin. Admitted to the bar in March, 1875. In politics, Republican; 
in religion, Spiritualist. His wife, Eva Foreman, born in Rome Township in 1846. 
Married Sept. 12, 1869, and have four children — Earl F., Harry W., Merton M., 
Mable E. 

W. J. MII^IiER, general stock-dealer, Olin; born in Jones Co. in 1860; 
owned seventy-two acres, and sold to W. V. Field, and engaged in business. In politics, 
Republican ; in religion, liberal. 

DAVID MIIXSIXGER, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Germany 
in 1823 ; came to Iowa in 182-1; settled in Ohio, and came to Iowa in 1868. Owns 
ninety-six acres; made part of the improvements. In politics, Republican; in religion, 
liberal. Has been Ptoad Supervisor and Trustee. His wife, Mary A. Palmer, born in 
Ohio, in 1833. Married in 1851, and have eleven children — Emma (now Mrs. Fore- 
man), Mary (now Mrs. Alex. Foreman), Charles, Frank, Eli, George, Burdell and 
Willie, twins, Anna, Frank. Rollo. 

DAVID MYERS, shoemaker, Olin ; born in Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 1809 ; 
came to Iowa in 1845 ; entered 160 acres, and now owns forty and town property. Has 
been School Treasurer, Road Supervisor, School Director, Constable, served five years on 
the grand jury, and seven on the petit jury. First wife, Mary Marlow, was boi'n in 
Pennsylvania in 1809. Married in Ohio in 1830 ; died in 18-19, and had ten children. 
Second wife, Elizabeth Irene, was born in Virginia in 1829. Mairied in 1850, and 
had ten children, and now has twenty-eight grandchildi'eu. 

JOHX R. PEASE, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. O. Yiroqua ; born in Massachusetts, 
in 1826 ; came to Iowa and settled in Red Oak, Cedar Co., in 1860, and to Jones Co. 
in 1876. Owns 100 acres, and made the improvements. In politics. Republican ; in 
religion, Methodist. His wife, Catherine McAifce, born in Antrim, North of Ireland, in 
1827 ; came to America in 1846 ; settled in Connecticut. Married in 1848 ; have five 
children — Irene (now Mrs. George A. Wilson, in Kansas), Emma J., died iu February, 
1870, Margaret B., Phinies C, died in 1850, James F., died in 1869. 

WIL.LIAM i^. PEET, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Mechanicsville ; born in 
Jones Co. in 1846. Owns 14 acres in Jackson Township; 350 in Greenfield Town- 
ship ; 190 in Rome Township, which is the old homestead of George Saum. Mr. Peet 
is an extensive raiser of South-Down sheep, Devon cattle and Poland hogs. His wife, 
Miss L. E. Saum, born in Jones Co. in 1847. Married in 1872, and have had two 
children; one died in infancy — James S., aged 4 years, born in Jones Co. 

GEOR^i^E PFEIFFER, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Viroqua ; born in Hesse- 
Darmstadt, Germany, in 1814; came to America in 1838, and settled in Fairfield Co., 
Ohio, in 1845 ; came to Iowa; entered and now owns 145 acres; made the improve- 
ments ; has a barn 30x40, house, 30x38, wing, 18x16. In politics. Republican ; in 
religion. United Brethren. His wife, Barbara Hoffman, born in the same place in 1809. 
Married in 1838 ; have six children — Barbara (now Mrs. Rodrick, in Carroll Co.), John 
(in Greenfield Township), Sarah (now Mrs. George Smith, in Rome), Lucinda (now Mrs. 
Stephenson), Amanda (now Mrs. Henry L. Smith), Caroline. 

CHARLES E. PORTER, President of OUn College; born at Pratts- 
burg, Steuben Co., N. Y., Oct. 19, 1833; graduated at Amherst, Mass., in 1852; 
admitted to the bar at Urbana, 111., in 1858. Prof. Porter is a skillful scientist and 
linguist, being acquainted with six different languages, and organized the Olin College in 
September, 1878 ; incorporated Aug. 1, 1879. He is a direct lineal descendant of the 
family represented by Noah Porter, President of Yale College. Was in the war of the 
Union, and acted Adjutant General to Gen. Thomas Ewing, when in command at St. 
Louis ; was three times promoted, once for bravery in the field ; was honorably discharged 
from the ofiScers' hospital, on Lookout Mountain, in 1865. Married first wife, Nettie 
Y. Penney, of Cape Girardeau, Mo., in 1862. Their daughter, Annie, died in 1867, in 
her second year. Mrs. Porter died in 1871 ; was again married to EmmaD. Blanchard, 
of Wheatland, Iowa, in 1872 ; their son, Charles, died in 1876, aged 2 months. 



ROME TOWNSHIP. 651 

FREDERICK PIEPER, deceased ; born in Germany in 1822; came to 
America in 1838 ; settled in Ohio ; then went to Indiana, and to Iowa in 1854 ; owned 
240 acres ; died in 18G8. He was a member of the Masonic Fraternity and buried by 
them at Mechanicsville. His wife, Catherine Piper, was born in Pennsylvania in 183U 
and went to Indiana in 1838 ; married in 1847 and had eight children — David (in 
Greenfield, Jones Co.)< Susana (died in 18G0), Maggie (died in 1855), Samuel, Sarah 
Ann (killed by the tornado), Cassie J., William and Freddie. Since Mr. Piper's death, 
Mrs. P. has built a fine house, 18x26 in the main, with wing 16xlG; 2U-foot posts; 
resides on Sec. 31 ; P. O. IMechanicsville. 

D. E. RUIOIEL, druggist, Olin; born in Richland Co., Ohio, in 1840; 
came to Iowa in 1855, and has been engaged in business twelve years in Olin. Enlisted 
in 1861, in the 9th I.V.I; mustered out in 1865. In politics. Republican ; in 
religion, liberal. He has been Collector for five years and just re-elected ; also Clerk 
four years, and Postmaster four years. Owns town property — residence and busi- 
ness. His wife, Hattie E. Easterly, was born in Richland Co., Ohio, in 1851 ; came 
to Iowa in 1852 ; married in 1868. 

JOSIAH ROIMELL, farmer, Sec. 36; P. 0. Olin; born in Richland 
Co., Ohio, in 1838; came to Iowa in 1855; settled in Jones Co.; owns eighty-five 
acres in Jones Co. and eighty in Cedar Co.; he lives on the old homestead of his father, 
George P. Rummell. In politics. Republican; in religion. United Brethren in Christ. 
His wife, Isabell Stewart, was born in Delaware Co., Ohio, in 1843 ; came to Iowa in 
1855 with her father ; settled in Jones Co.; daughter of Spencer Stewart, who was 
frozen to death while on his way home from church in the winter of severe storms ; 
married in 1 853 and have six children — Nanna J., infant (deceased), Sarah J. (deceased), 
Charlie P , Estella Bell and David Harry. 

HENRY ROHRBACII, Postmaster and agent of the C, M. & St. P. R. 
R., Viroqua ; born in Prussia, Germany, in 1832; came to America in 1852; went to 
Pennsylvania; then, in 1853, to Stephenson Co., III.; in 1870, to Iowa; owns town 
property in Rock Ciry, 111., and Viroqua. In politics, Republican ; in religion, Lutheran. 
Was Collector in Illinois and Supervisor. His wife, Caroline Long, was born in Ger- 
many in 1837 ; married in 1857 and have nine children — George H., Ida L., Mary 
S., Robert, Annie Mary, William A., Jane, Olive and Eva. He is also dealer in grain, 
stock and the general business of the town. 

M. RO'ONEY, flirmer, Sec. ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Virginia in 1818; went 
to Ohio, then to Indiana, and, in 1850, to Iowa; entered 160 acres and now owns 240 ; 
made all the improvements on the place. In politics, Republican ; in religion, liberal. 
Has been Trustee and School Director. Has a shop nn his place and works at his trade 
of marble cutting. His wife was born in Ohio in 1818 ; came to Indiana and married 
in 1840 ; have four children — Elinora (now Mrs. Torrance, of Jones County), William 
Wallace, Melissa. Helen (now Mrs. Jean, of Ida Co.) and Edward JM. 

WIL]LIAilI M. RUGGL.ES, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Mechanicsville; 
born in Richland Co., Ohio, in 1830 ; came to Ogle Co., III., in 1836, and to Iowa in 
1865 ; bought 235 and owns 285 acres, and has made the improvements of a bank 
barn 36x50^with 22-foot posts; hou.se, 21x28 ; wing, 13x25. Dealer and raiser Short- 
Horns and Colswold sheep. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Methodist. Has been 
Road Supervisor, School Director, Justice of the Peace and Trustee ; also President of 
the Agricultural Society at Mechanicsville. His wife, Miss H. H. Hoke, was born in 
Virginia in 18.39 ; came to Iowa in 1865 ; married in 1856 and have had seven chil- 
dren— C. F., Lydia, Hattie, Joseph, Jessie (died in 1863), George (died in 1863), 
Carlton (died in 1870). * 

J. D. SAUM, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Wayne Co , Ind., in 
1835 : came to Iowa in 1840 and spent one year at Fort Madison ; then, in 1841, came 
to Jones Co. He is a sun of George Saum, one of the early settlers of Jones Co. 
Bought and owns 385 acres, on which he has a fine house 32x32, in L shape ; a fine 
barn, 32x40, with 20-foot posts. The place is well stocked with fine grades of stock. 
Has been School Director and Road Supervi.sor. In politics. Democrat; in religion, 



652 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

liberal. His wife, Annie Flaugher, was born in Maryland in 1840; came to Iowa in 
1856 ; married in 1859 at Walnut Grove; have four children — Elva, Ira, Mary and 
Kate (died in 1864). 

JOII]¥ SCOIiKS, retired minister, Olin ; born in Huntingdon Co., Penn. , 
in 1799 ; went to Maryland and remained nine years, then to Ohio in 1808, and to 
Jones Co., Iowa, in 1856, and bought 330 acres, and made all the improvements, and 
sold out, and now owns town property with fine house. Has been President of School 
Board. Was one of the early pioneers in the M. E. ministry in Jones Co. In poli- 
tics, Republican. His first wife, Elizabeth Powell, was born in Baltimore Co., Md., in 
1799 ; married in 1820, in Ohio, and had eleven children — three deceased ; his first 
wife died May 13, 1877 ; his second wife, Catharine M. Chapman, was born in 1816 ; 
married Sept. 4, 1879. 

WILLIAM SEEGER, blacksmith, Viroqua; born in Prussia in 1846; 
came to America in 1857, and went to Galena; thence, in 1869, to Dabu(|ue, and in 
1871, to Jones Co. In politics, Democrat; in religion, Lutheran. He enlisted in the 
12th I. V. Lin 1864, and was discharged at the close of the war; was at the siege of 
Atlanta and Dallas, Ga. His wife, Hilka Vonzwold, was born on the Atlantic Ocean 
in 1850; settled in New York ; cflme to Iowa in 1873; married in 1875, and have 
four children — Freddie, Henry, Henrietta and an infant, Wilhelmena. 

DANIEL $$HOE3IAKER, farmer. Sec. 20; P.O. Viroqua; born in 
Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 1816 ; came to Iowa in 1842, and entered a section in company 
with his brother, and now owns 168 acres, and has made the improvements; his house 
is 28x24, barn 50x32. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Lutheran. His wife, 
Mary E. Morrison, was born in Perry Co., Penn., and moved with her parents to Han- 
cock Co., Ohio, in 1836 ; married in 1871, and have two children — Franklin E. and an 
infant. 

DANIEL. SMITH, farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Viroqua; born in Union Co., 
Penn., in 1818 ; came to Iowa in 1857, and owns 136 acres, on which he has made all 
the improvements. In politics, Republican ; in religion. United Brethren. His wife, 
Mary Moore, was born in Berks Co., Penn., in 1824 ; married in Pennsylvania in 
1840 ; have five children — George (in Rome), Jacob (in Kansas), Elizabeth (now 
Mrs. Kohl, in Linn Co.), Henry L. (in Rome), D. O. (at home). 

HIRAM STEWARD, farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. O. Olin ; born in Delaware 
Co., Ohio, in 1818; went to Michigan in 1827, and to Iowa in 1839, and settled in 
Jones Co. When he crossed the Mississippi River, he had only §12 in money, and it 
was late in the fall and he had no winter clothes; he entered 240 acres, and now owns 
257 ; has made all the improvements on the place ; has a fine house and barn ; he is 
now on the same land he entered first. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Disciple. 
Has been Justice of the Peace twelve years ; he was elected the first Justice when 
organized as a county, and was appointed Constable when a Territory, in 1839 ; was in 
the Assembly of 1858-59 as Representative; has been County Supervisor for ten or 
twelve years. In an early day, he took six barrels of clear side-pork to Galena, 111. ; 
paid $1.50 apiece for the barrels; sold for $6 per barrel, and received no money in 
pay. His first wife, Nancy Soesbe, was born in Michigan in 1827 ; married in 1846, 
and had nine children — four dead and five living — Francis M., Edith E., Mary A., 
George E., James; she died in 1861; his second wife was Delilah Pringle, born in 
Stark Co., Ohio, in 1829; her husband, Mr. Pringle, was born in Delaware Co., Ohio; 
married in 1852 ; died Jan. 7, 1858 ; had one child — Marion, now in Kansas; her 
maiden name was Brothers; married Mr. Steward in 1862, and had four children — 
Jacob L., Otis B., Dora M., Hiram Grant (died at the age of 19 months). 

GEORGE STIVERS, livery, Olin; born near Skaneateles Lake, N. Y., 
in 1823; went to Ohio in 1836, and to Iowa in October, 1864. Was in the United 
States Army as Acting Quartermaster, in Virginia. Bought eighty acres ; sold out in 
1879 ; owns town property. Has been Road Supervisor and Trustee. In politics. 
Republican ; in religion, Methodist. His wife, Nancy Hamilton, was born at Point 
Harmar, Washington Co., Ohio, May 12, 1824; her father was a cousin of Alexander 



ROME TOWNSHIP. 653 

Hamilton, who was killed by A. Burr; married May 12, 1844, and have four children 
— C. G-., W. W., Mary PI. Sarah A. (now Mrs. McDonough, in Olin). 

TIMOTHY STIVERS, farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in New York in 
1819 ; went to Ohio and remained until 1823, and to Jones Co., Iowa, in 1840, with- 
out a cent of money, and settled at Walnut Forks ; taufjht in the first schoolhouse, in 
1840 ; he entered 200 acres, and now has 195, on which he has made all the improve- 
ments ; worked at the blacksmith business on his own place. Was the first Township 
Clerk ; was a Justice of the Peace when a Territory, and nineteen years afterward ; 
School Director and Trustee; Treasurer of School Board. His wife, Elizabeth Baugh, 
was born in Ohio in 1826 ; married in 1844, and have had five children — George H. 
(now in Kansas), Nancy A. (died at the age of 18), Addie P. (now Mrs. Colby, in 
Nebraska), Eliza S., Frank W. 

JOHX TYLER SUNDAY, farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Olin; born in Fair- 
field Co., Ohio, in 1841 ; came to Iowa in 1846, bought forty acres and now owns fifty 
acres ; made the improvements. In politics. Democrat ; in religion, liberal. His first 
wife, Elizabeth Foreman, was born in Illinois in 1842; married in 1864; died in 1866. 
Second wife, Celia Myers, was born in York Co., Penn., in 1845; married in 1869, 
and has had four children — Odassa, Andrew, Lilly (died in 1877) and Kattie A. 

JOHN TALIiJIAN, farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Viroqua; born in Ohio in 
1821 ; came to Iowa in 1845 ; entered 40 acres and now owns 308 acres; made the 
improvements — barn, 32x54 feet; house, 18x32 feet; wing, 12x14 feet. In politics, 
Republican ; in religion, Methodist Episcopal ; has been Road Supervisor, School 
Director, Trustee and Assessor ; was a member of the Board of Supervisors three years, 
during the war. His wife, Lucinda Low, was born in Maryland in 1822 ; came to 
Ohio in 1835 ; married in 1843 ; had ten children — James H., in Greene Co.; Nathan- 
iel C, in Greene Co.; Reuben R., in Greene Co.; Elizabeth, teacher in Algona College; 
Winfield, in Greene Co.; Jane, at home ; Rosa, at home ; Angeline, at home ; Cyman- 
tha, now Mrs. Newman, in Jones Co. ; Wilber E., at home. 

J. W. TAYL.OR, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Olin ; born in Marion Co., Ind., 
in 1829 ; came to Iowa in 1844; entered 160 acres and now owns 238 acres; made all 
the improvements on the place. In politics. Democrat; in religion. Christian; has 
been Trustee, Road Supervisor, Constable and School Director. His market was Mus- 
catine, and sold wheat for 40 cents, dressed pork for $3, and took pay in goods or bob- 
tail currency. His first wife, Amanda Inghram, was born in Fleming Co., Ky., in 
1837, and came to Iowa in 1844; married Nov. 18, 1852; died in 1874; had five 
children— Theodore J., Lemuel C, Frank L., Alma N., Lydia E. (died Jan. 28, 1863). 
Second wife, Gussie Justice, was born in Lawrence Co., Penn., in 1845 ; came to Iowa 
in 1855; married George Lee in 1866; he died March 12, 1871; had one child — 
George. Mrs. Lee, now Mrs. Taylor, married April 1, 1875, and has one child — 
Maggie May. 

H. H. WALDO, livery, Olin ; born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 1834 ; he 
came to Iowa in 1834 and settled in Maquoketa, and from there to La Mott, then to 
Delaware Co., and returned to Jones Co. in 1870, at Wyoming, until 1875; then to 
Nebraska and remained two years, and returned to Jackson Co., Iowa, and, in 1877, to 
Olin. Enlisted at Dubuque, from Jackson Co., Sept, 27, 1861, and was mustered out 
in 1863; re-enlisted and served till 1865. In politics. Republican ; in religion, liberal; 
His first wife, Mary Percil, was born in Virginia ; married Jan. 9, 1867 ; died in 
1869, leaving one child — Blanch. Second wife, Arabella Lynecs, was born in Canada ; 
married in 1874, and have two children — Charles and Clarence. 

4^. C. YOPST, restaurant, Olin ; born in Missouri in 1851 ; came to Iowa 
in 1877. In politics. Republican ; in religion, Methodist Episcopal. His wife, 
Amanda Coleman, was born in Cedar Co. in 1853 ; married Sept. 16, 1877, and have 
one child — Pearley Leon. Wife is Free-Will Baptist. 



654 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 



SCOTCH CROVE TOWNSHIP. 

JOSEPH P. AMES, farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in Ben- 
nington Co., Vt., June 1, 1814; he removed to Licking Co., Ohio, in 1844, where he 
lived three years; in 1847, he removed to Seneca Co.; in the fall of 1853, he came to 
Jones Co., and located in Sec. 19, Clay Township; located where he now lives about 
1863. He was married to Lydia A. Piper, born in 3Iorgan Co., Ohio ; they have 
three children — Horace G., Aurelia E. and Charles S.; have lost four children — Ade- 
line, died in Ohio in infancy ; Lewis, aged 6 ; Mary, aged 20, and Alva, aged 22, died 
in Iowa. Mr. Amos has about two hundred acres of land. 

JAMES S. APPLE(j}ATE, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Scotch Grove; was 
born in Trumbull Co., Ohio, in 1826 ; he came to Jones Co. in the spring of 1857 ; 
he purcha.sed the farm which he now owns in 1864. He was married to Elizabeth 
Scofield, who was born in Ohio; has seven children — Alva L., Mary F., Henry W., 
Charles S., Adda A., Lena K. and Maud P. Farm contains 200 acres of land. He 
and his wife are members of the Christian Church. 

AREND BAL.STEB, farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Scotch Grove; born in the 
Kingdom of Hanover, Germany, in 1834 ; came to America in 1854, and to Jones Co. 
in 1867. His wife's maiden name was Jacobs, a native of Germany ; they were mar- 
ried in 1854; have had sis children, five of whom are living — George H., Mary, 
Annie, Louisa and John Christopher. Mr. Balster owns 160 acres. He and his fam- 
ily are members of the Lutheran Church. He is a Republican. 

JAMES CAREY, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Scotch Grove ; born in Indiana in 
1818; came to Bellevue, Iowa, about 1852; came to Jones Co. and settled nn his 
present farm in 1855. He was married to Nancy Alexander, who was born in Ireland, 
His present wife was Ann Scofield, also a native of Ireland. Has eight children by 
first wife. His firm contains eiuhty acres. 

SAMUEI^ H. CLARK, farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. O. Scotch Grove ; was born 
in ]Mercer Co., Penn., in 1824. He was married to Margaret A. Bently ; her father, 
John Bently, came to Jones Co. in 1859; he died in 1868. Has six children — 
Lewis M., Henrietta B. McKean, Louisa J., Mary L., Samuel W. and Edward W. 
Lost five children, all quite young, except Margaret J., aged 16 years. Mr. Clark was 
elected a member of the County Board of Supervisors in 1862 ; served four years ; is 
at present a member of that Board; time expires Jan. 1, 1881, when he will have 
served in that capacity eight years ; has also been Township Clerk about seven years. 
Has sixty-two acres of land where he lives ; has one hundred and twenty acres in 
Woodbury Co., Iowa. Mr. Clark is the son of David Clark, born in Washington Co., 
Penn., Oct. 12, 1788, and died in Mercer Co. in 1850 ; his mother, Margaret Bell 
Clark, was born near Carlisle, Penn., in 1798 ; Mrs. Clark's mother died in Pennsylva- 
nia in 1850 ; the mother of Mr. Clark and the father of Mrs. Clark were married and 
came to Scotch Grove Township from Pennsylvania in 1859. Mr. Bently died in 
1868 ; his wife, Mr. Clark's mother, is also deceased. Mr. C. and wife are members of 
the Presbyterian Church. 

LEWIS DREIBELBIS, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Scotch Grove; was 
born in Schuylkill Co., Penn., in 1813; he came to Michigan in the spring of 1833; 
thence in the vicinity of Galena, where ho lived until 1839 ; thence to Dubuque Co., 
until 1845, when he came to Jones Co. and settled on his present farm. He was mar- 
ried to Mary 31clntyre, who came from the Red River country with her parents in 
1837 ; they settled in Jo Daviess, 111., where thoy died some years since. Mr. Drei- 
belbis went to California in 1850, where he remained twenty-two years, leaving the 
farm in charge of his family; he returned in 1872. Has six children, three of whom 
are living — Catherine (now Mrs. Adam Sutherland), Duncan and Ashcr 0.; Augustus, 
the oldest son, enlisted in the 9th I. V. I., Company D, in 1861 ; he was mortally 



SCOTCH GROVE TOWNSHIP. 655 

wounded the day following the battle of Pea Ridge, by the accidental explosion of a 
shell ; Jacob, the second son, enlisted in Co. H, 31st I. V. I., and died on board the 
" City of Memphis," between Memphis and St. Louis, on the 16th of April, 1863 ; 
David, born March, 1849, died March, 1873. Members of M. E. Church. 

THOMAS FAGAN, farmer. Sec. 13; P. 0. Clayford ; was born In Ire- 
land in 1819 ; came to the United States in 1847 ; he lived in Jersey City from April, 
1847, till November, 1856, where he was engaged as foreman in a starch factory; he 
came to Jones Co. in 1856, and settled on eighty acres of his present farm. He was 
married to Mary O'Brien; they have four children — John, Patrick J., Margaret E. and 
Mary A.; have lost three children. Mr. Fagan is one of the successful farmers of Jones 
Co.; he has 630 acres of land. He and his family are members of the Catholic Church. 

MICHAEL FOIIST, farmer. Sec. 39 ; P. O. Center Junction ; born in 
Pennsylvania in 1842 ; came to Jones Co. with his parents in 1854. His wife's maiden 
name was Mary Bailey, a native of New York ; they were married in 1872 ; they have 
four children — Harriet, Ellen Maria, Johnnie and Margaret. Mr. Foust owns eighty 
acres of land. He is a Republican. 

MARGARET GREER, flirmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Scotch Grove ; born in 
Ireland in 1801 ; came to America in 1852, and to Jones Co. in 1856 ; she has been 
twice married ; her first husband's name was Carson ; he died in the old country ; they 
were married in their native county and had seven children, three living — Robert, 
James and Matilda ; her last husband, Mr. Greer, died in September, 1879. Mrs. Greer 
is a member of the United Presbyterian Church. She has sold her farm and converted 
that and all her real estate into paper and money, and is only looking after what accrues 
from her former business ; she has an interest in the home and building of her son-in- 
law, and proposes making her home with him. 

GEORGE W. HAESEY, farmer, Sec. 36; P. 0. Onslow; born in 
Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1830. He was married to Caroline Dickinson, of Oswego Co., 
N. Y. Came to Jones Co. from Oswego, N. Y., January, 1858, and settled in Wyom- 
ing Township ; also lived in Madison Township about three years ; he settled on his 
present farm in the Ml of 1862 ; has eight children — Maggie A., Ella F., John W., 
Henry G., Mary C, Julia E., Bertha C. and Catherine. Mr. Halsey's fiirm contains 
185 acres of land; is engaged in dairying and stock-raising. 

H. D. HAXNA, merchant, and proprietor of Ro>e Creamery, Scotch Grove; was 
born in Trumbull Co., Ohio, in 1822 ; he came to Andrew, Jackson Co., Iowa, in the spring 
of 1853,where he lived seven years engaged in the wagon-making business ; was Justice of 
the Peace while there, from 1855 to 1860. His first wife was Mariette Rice ; she died 
in Ohio, in December. 1849 ; his present wife was Mary Dice, from Mahoning Co., 
Ohio ; has one son by first marriage — Isaac S., and three children by second marriage — 
Charles, Clara and Maggie. Mr. Ilanna removed from Jackson Co. to Clayton Co. in 
1860, thence to Linn Co. in 1863. He came to his present location in May, 1874, and 
engaged in the grain trade ; he engaged in the merchandise business in December of 
that year ; built his creamery in the spring of 1879. He and family are members of 
the Christian Church. 

JAMES MUTTON, farmer. Sec. 16; P. 0. Scotch Grove; born in Scioto 
Co., Ohio, in 1811. He was married to Nancy Brouse, of Scioto Co. He removed to 
Dubuque Co., Iowa, in 1834, and engaged in mining. His flither's family removed to 
Dubuque Co. at the same time. In 1836, with his father, Charles P. Hutton, and his 
two brothers, William and David, he built a grist-mill in that county, on Catfish Creek ; 
his was one of the first mills built in Dubuque Co.; about 1838, Mr. Hutton, with his 
father, came to Jones Co. and settled in Washington Township ; removed to Ediuburg, 
Jones Co., when the county seat was located there, and engaged in hotel-keeping, where 
he remained until the county seat was removed ; he settled on his present farm in 1855 ; 
his father also came to Scotch Grove Township, where he resided until his death ; has 
had four children ; only two are known to be living — William and Allen ; Samuel went 
to Colorado in 1869, supposed to be deceased; lost one daughter — Mary Ellen Suther- 
land. Owns eighty acres of land. Methodist Episcopal Church. 



656 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

:iIIDDL.ETON H. HUTTOX, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Scotch Grove; 
was born in Scioto Co., Ohio, in 1817 ; he came to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, in Septem- 
ber, 1842, and to Jones Co. about Christmas of that year; he entered the farm where 
he now Hvesin the sprinj; of 1843. He was married to Matilda Piles, also from Ohio ; 
they have six children — Caroline, Philander, James, Martha, Lora and Wesley. Mr. 
Hutton has 215 acres of land. 

DAVID KENNISON, farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. Center Junction; born in 
Lower Canada in 1802 ; came to Jones Co. in the fall of 1852; settled on present farm 
in the fall of 1854. His first wife was Polly Allard ; his present wife was Emily P. 
Sheffield ; has four children by first marriage and six by present wife. Mr. Kennison's 
farm contains 160 acres. 

<KEOR<]rE K ROUSE, farmer, See. 35 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; was born 
in Bavaria, Germany, in 1830 ; emigrated to Illinois with his parents in 1845, and to 
Jones Co. in 1852 ; Mr. Krouse entered his farm of 160 acres when he first came to 
the county ; he has 160 acres. He was married to Margaret J. Overly, born in Ken- 
tucky ; they have four children — Lucy, Ida, Lucinda and John E. Members of Method- 
ist Episcopal Church. 

WILIilAM IrEECH, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. O. Center Junction ; born in 
Center Co., Penn., Nov. 15, 1821 ; his parents, William and Elizabeth Leech, 
removed to what is now Clarion Co., Penn., in 1838. He was married to Mary Jane 
Corbitt, born in Clarion Co.; Mr. Leech came to Jones Co. in November, 1857, and 
settled where he now lives ; he has 387 acres of land ; is engaged in stock-raising ; has 
six children — Elizabeth W., Clara J., Amy E., James T., Mary B. and H. T.; has lost 
one — Gohean W. Mr. Leech and wife are members of the Baptist Church. 

JOHN E. L-OVE JOY, station agent for Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
Railroad, at Scotch Grove Station ; born in Albion, Kennebec Co., Me., in 1817 ; his 
parents were Daniel and Elizabeth Lovejoy; he is a brother of Elijah P. Lovejoy, who 
was killed by a pro slavery mob at Alton, 111., in 1837. Mr. Lovejoy went to St. Louis 
in 1835, where he learned the printer's trade in the office of his brother, Elijah P., who 
was then editor of the St. Louis Observer; thence to Alton with his brother, and was 
employed in the office of the latter at the time he was killed. He came to Iowa in 
December, 1839 ; Jones Co. has generally been his home since that time ; he, 
however, has spent about two years in Illinois since that date. In 1861, he was 
appointed U. S. Consul to Peru, which position he filled for about three and a half 
years ; after his return from Peru, till 1871, he was engaged in farming in Sec. 16, this 
township ; thence to Center Junction, where he was engaged in the mercantile business 
for about three years ; assumed his present position in 1875. His first wife was Mar- 
guerette Livingston ; his present wife was Joanna Macbeth ; has five children by first 
marriage — two sons and three daughters ; has a son and daughter by second marriage. 
Mr. Lovejoy and his sister, Elizabeth Hammond, who lives in Chicago, are the only 
survivors of seven children. 

ROBERT EIVIXOSTOX, farmer. Sec. 32; P.O. Center Junction; 
was born in Scotland in 1847 ; he came to Jones Co. with his parents in 1854; his 
father settled in Madison Township; he died in 1874. Mr. Livingston was married to 
Celia Kline ;-they have two children — Lily M. and John W. Has 130 acres of land. 
He and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church . 

_ DR. ALEXANDER McKEAN, Scotch Grove; born in Carroll Co., 
Ohio, in 1838 ; his father, the llev. James McKean, a Presbyterian minister, came to 
Scotch Grove Township in June, 1855, and settled in Sec. 19, where he had purchased 
of the Government about 700 acres of land about two years previous to that time ; he 
engaged in the ministry for some time after he came to the county, though not regu- 
larly, on account of declining health; he died in the fiill of 1876, in his 81st year ; he 
was a soldier of the war of 1812 ; he had seven sons when he came to Jones Co. — Fer- 
gus S., Hugh C, James W., John, Alexander, Francis C. and Charles B. Three of the 
sons were in the army during the rebellion ; James W. was Captain of Co. C, 44th I. 
V. I.; he was a Presbyterian minister, and, when he entered the army, was President of 



SCOTCH GROVE TOWNSHIP. 657 

Lenox Collegiate Institute, at Hopkin ton, Delaware Co.; he died at Memphis, Tenn.,on 
the 9th of July, 1864; Francis C. was Captain of Co. D, 9th I. V. I.; he died from dis- 
ease eontracted in the army, May 5, 1874 ; Charles was a private in Co. C, 44th I.V. I. 
Dr. Alexander McKean received his literary education at the Lenox Collegiate Insti- 
tute ; he studied medicine with Dr. A. G. McGrrew, of Wyoming ; attended lectures at 
Rush Medical College, Chicago ; has practiced medicine about ten years ; he makes a 
specialty of treating diseases of the eye. He was married to Delia Strohl, whose father 
was an early settler of Dubuque Co. 

CHARLES B. McKEAN, farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Scotch Grove; born 
in Carroll Co., Ohio, in 1845 ; came to Jones Co. with his parents in 1855. He 
enlisted in Co. C, 44th I. V. I ; enlisted for 100 days ; served about four months ; was 
discharged in November, 1864. He married Henrietta B. Clark, born in Pennsylva- 
nia ; her parents came to Jones Co. in 1854 ; they have three children — Marguerette 
A., Frank and Alexander. Mr. McKean has 125 acres of land. He and wife are 
members of the Presbyterian Church. 

WILLIAM MONCRIEFF, farmer. Sec. 31; P. 0. Center Junction; 
born in Ireland in 1827 ; came to this country in 1844; lived in the State of New York 
about two years ; thence to Pennsylvania ; came to Jones Co. in 1853; came to his 
present location in 1863. He married Martha Carson, a native of Scotland ; they have 
five children — William J., Margaret J., Robert, Charles and Samuel. Mr. Moncrieff's 
farm contains 170 acres of land. 

MATTHEW XELSOX, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Center Junction; born 
iruWashington Co., Penn., in 1809, where he lived till he was 23 years of age ; thence 
to Carroll Co., Ohio, where he lived eight years ; thence to Mahoning Co., Ohio, where 
he lived twelve years; he came to Jones Co. in January, 1855, and settled on his pres- 
ent farm. His first wife was Jane Johnson, born in Pennsylvania ; his present wife was 
Ann Larkey, of Jackson Co., Iowa ; he had four children by his first marriage, only one 
of whom is living — Mrs. Mary A. Sinclair, of Scotch Grove Township. Mr. Nelson 
has 200 acres of land. He and wife are members of the United Brethren Church. 

REV. JOHX RICE, Presbyterian Minister, resides in Sec. 15; P. 0. 
Scotch Grove ; was born in Paisley, Scotland, in 1824; was educated at Glasgow 
College, Scotland ; he came to New York City in 1852 ; thence to Pennsylvania, where 
he was engaged in the ministry for twenty-four years ; he had charge of the Presbyte- 
rian Church, Scotch Grove Township, for six years. Mr. Rice was married to Louisa 
Diven, of Pennsylvania ; they have three children — Samuel J., Andrew A. and Mary E. 

ADAM SUTHERLAND, farmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Scotch Grove; son of 
John and Margaret Macbeth Sutherland ; born in British America in 1835 ; came with his 
father's family to Jones Co. in 1837. Enlisted February, 1864, in the 9th I. V. I. ; 
served till the close of the war ; was in the Atlanta campaign, and in Sherman's march 
to the sea. Married Catherine Dreibelbis, daughter of Lewis Dreibelbis ; they have 
one child — Mary J. Farm contains 90 acres. Mr. Sutherland and wife are members 
of the Presbyterian Church. 

DAVID SUTHERLAND, farmer, Sec. 14; P.O. Scotch Grove; son of 
John and Margaret Macbeth Sutherland ; he went to California in 1850, and engaged in 
mining. Returned in 1856, and purchased his farm that year. He was married to 
Wilhelmina Sutherland, daughter of Ebenezer Sutherland, who came from British 
America in 1838. Her father is still living in Scotch Grove Township ; his age is 78 
years; her mother died in May, 1876. Mr. Sutherland has seven children — Margaret 
A., Lelia E., Mary B., Catherine, Fannie M., George W. and Sarah M. Members of 
Presbyterian Church. 

DONALD SUTHERLAND, farmer. Sec. 18; P. O. Scotch Grove; 
was born in Scotland in 1808 ; his father's family emigrated to Selkirk settlement, in 
the Red River country, British America, in 1815. He was married to Nancy Liv- 
ingston, who was born in the above settlement in 1817. Her father emigrated to that 
country in 1812. Mr. Donald Sutherland, with his family, emigrated to Iowa and 
settled in Scotch Grove Township in 1838; came to their present location in 1861 ; 



658 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ; ' 

Mr. Sutherland has ten children — Nancy, William, Donald, Belle, Flora, Mary E., 
Nathaniel, Alexander, Catherine M. and John E.; lost one son — John ; the first two 
mentioned were born in the Red River country ; Donald, the third child, was the first 
white child born in Scotch Grove Township ; he was born Nov. 23, 1838 ; he is now a 
resident of Page Co., Iowa ; he served three years in the 31st I. V. I., during the rebell- 
ion. Mr. Sutherland's farm contains 160 acres. He and his family are members of 
the Presbyterian Church. 

GEORGE SUTHERLAXD, fiirmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Onslow ; he is 
one of a numerous family who came to this township from the region of the Red River 
of the North in 1837; his father was a native of Scotland, and went to British America 
about the year 1812, in the service of the Hudson Bay Co. Mr. George Sutherland 
was married to Isabella Sutherland, daughter of Kbenezer ; she died in 1863 ; he has 
one son — Charles T., now a student of Hopkinton Colletre, born in 1857 ; lost one son 
— John Ross. John Sutherland, the fiither of George, died in April, 1877 ; his mother, 
Margaret Sutherland, died in 1859. 

JOH\ SUTHERLAND, fiirmer, Sec. 28; P. 0. Center Junction; his 
father, John Sutherland, was a native of Scotland ; when a young man, he went to 
British Ameri3a, in the service of the Hudson's Bay Co., where he was married to the 
mother of this sketch, Margaret Macbeth, and where John, Jr., was born ; the fiimily 
emigrated to Iowa and settled in Jones Co. in 1837. John Sutherland, Sr., had ten 
sons and two daughters ; eight sons and one diughter are still living. The father died in 
April, 1877, the mother in 1859. John, Jr., went to California in 1849, and engaged in 
mining ; he took part in the Oregon Indian war, in the winter of 1854-55 ; he remained in 
California about seven years; he enlisted in 1861 in the 9t,h I. V. I.; served about four 
and one-half years ; he participated in the battle of Pea Ridge, where his brother Mor- 
rison was mortally wounded; was at the battle of Lookout Mountain, at the siege of 
Vicksburg, where he was wounded, and took part in many other engagements. He 
was married to Caroline Espy, whose parents came to Jones Co. in 1850; they have 
three children — Thos. M., Chas. R. and Frank D. Members of the Presbyterian Church. 

JOHX St'THERLABJD, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Scotch Grove; was 
born in Scotch Gi'ove Township in 1841. His father, Alexander Sutherland, came to 
Jones Co. from British America in 1837 ; he settled on the fnm where John now lives, 
which belongs to his heirs, in about 1846; he died in November, 1846. His mother 
still lives at the homestead. Mr. Sutherland enlisted in the 31st I. V. I., in August, 
1862; was discharged July 2, 1865 ; he was at the seisie of Vicksburg and in Sher- 
man's campaign to the sea. He was married to Ida J. Clark ; they have two children 
— Edith and Eva, B. The f\irm contains 190 acres. Mr. S. and wife belong to the 
Presbvterian Church. 

\\n, SUTIIERLAXO, farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Scotch Grove; Mr. Suther- 
land came to Jones Co. from British America, with his parents, Donald and Nancy 
Sutherland, in 1838 ; has been a resident of Scotch Grove Township for over forty 
years; was born in the Selkirk settlement, in the Red River country, in March, 1837. 
He was married to Henrietta B. Espy, born in Pennsylvania ; they have three children 
— Charles A., I]dward and Nettie E. His fiirm contains 190 acres. Members of the 
Presbyterian Church. 

AXGUS SIXCLAIR, former, Sec. 15; P. 0. Scotch Grove; born in the 
Selkirk settlement, on the Red River of the North, Briti.sh America, Jan. 1, 1833 ; his 
father emigrated to that country when a young man, in the service of the Hudson Bay 
Co. ; the family came to Jones Go. in 1838 ; they lived in Scotch Grove Township. Sec. 
15, for two years; also lived for a short time in Washington Township; his father 
entered the farm which his son Angus now owns, in 1841, where he died about 1846. 
The mother of Mr. Sinclair lives with him ; she is now 90 years of age ; she has two 
daughters — Christina, who also lives at the homestead, and Elizabeth, the wife of Mr. 
D. Mclntyre. Angus married Miss Ann Nelson ; they have five children — Elizabeth, 
Donald 0., Matthew M., Ann B. and Helen S. ; lost one son — James D. Farm con- 
tains 160 acres. Mr. Sinclair is a Presbyterian. 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 659 

THOMAJ^ WHITE, farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; born in Ire- 
land in 1822 ; came to America in 184-lr, and to Jones Co. in 1853, in the fall. Wife's 
maiden name was Catherine Reed, a native of Ireland also ; they were married in 1848 ; 
have seven children — William, Margaret, Amelia, Thomas David, James Louis, Rob- 
ert Henry, Eliza Salina and Emma. Mr. White owns seventy-eight acres. Mr. and 
Mrs. White and three of the children are members of the U. P. Church ; Mr. White 
is a Republican. 

ROBERT WILIilAMSOX, fu-mer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Center Junction ; 
born in Dubuque in 1837. His father, John Williamson, went to Dubuque in 1834 ; 
he came to Richland Township, Jones Co., in 1839 ; he died at his home, in that town- 
ship, on the 19th of October, 1868 ; he had six sons and two daughters — Robert, Sam- 
uel, Ann, Eleanor, John B., William Y., Richard W. and David C. ; all living, except 
Samuel, who enlisted in Co. H, 31st I. V. I. ; enlisted as a private ; promoted to Orderly 
Sergeant; he died on the 27th of August, 1863, on board the Forest Queen, between 
Vicksburg and Memphis, while returuing home on, a furlough. Robert married Mar- 
tha Ford, born in Pennsylvania ; they have seven children — Eleanor McDonald, lives 
at Center Junction, Jones Co., and has one child ; Ann, resides in San Francisco, Cal. ; 
John, lives in Greene Co., Iowa; William, has recently sold his farm in Richland Town- 
ship ; Richard, lives at Center Junction ; David, lives at Valparaiso, Neb. Robert has 
20U acres of land; came to present location in spring of 1867. 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 

WIIililAM ABEIi, livery and boarding stable, Monticello ; was born in 
Scotland July 16, 1847; when 7 years of age, his parents came to Canada; in 1865, 
he came to Illinois, and learned the blacksmith trade ; in 1863, he came to Jones Co. 
and located at Monticello, and engaged in carriage and wagon making, and carried on a 
large business for ten years. In September, 1870, he married Miss Sophia Yousse, 
from Monticello ; they have three children — Walter, Willie, Vessie. 

FRAiVK ALiTMAN, proprietor saloon, Monticello ; is a native of Luxem- 
burg, Gei'many, and was born in 1837 ; he grew up to manhood there, and emigrated 
to America in 1857 ; he came to Dubuque ; lived there and in Cascade, and lived in 
Jackson nine years; he came to Jones Co. and Monticello in 1875 ; he owns the prop- 
erty where he carries on his business ; built it in 1875. He married Mary Webber, 
from Luxemburg, Germany, in 1869 ; they have four children — Mary, Katie, William, 
Annie, and have lost two children — Frank and Maggie. 

J. W. AXTHOjXY, retired, Monticello ; "is a native of Ulster Co., N. Y., 
and was born Jan. 20, 1819 ; he grew up to manhood and learned the trade of black- 
smith ; he lived in New York City, and was engaged in ship-smithing in the ship-yard 
of George Law ; in 1850, he came to Wisconsin, and was foreman in the railroad 
blacksmith-shops in Milwaukee for eleven years, and was engaged in farming in Rock 
Co. ; in 1866, he came to Iowa, and engaged in farming ; he was also engaged in mer- 
cantile business some years. On the 16th of November, 1857, he was united in mar- 
riage to Mrs. Susan M. Banta, formerly Miss Susan M. Drake, from Westchester Co., 
N. Y. ; she has one son, James H. Banta, living in Chicago. Mr. Anthony had noth- 
ing when he began life, and has made what he has by his own efforts. He has two 
children by a former wife — John B. (now living in St. Louis) and Mary J. (now Mrs. 
N. A. Rice, of this county). 

XEWELL< W. AUSTIIV, contractor and builder, Monticello ; is a native 
of Delaware Co., N. Y., and was born July 31, 1831 ; he grew up to manhood and 
learned the trade of carpenter and joiner in that State ; he came West to Iowa in 
1856, and located in Cascade, Dubuque Co. ; lived there five years, then came to Jones 
Co., and settled in Scotch Grove; remained there one year and a half, and came to 



660 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Monticello, and since then has been engaged in contracting and building here. He has 
held the office of Justice of the Peace and Assessor, and now holds the office of City 
Councilman. He is connected with the A. O. U. W., and is now Past. Master Work- 
man. He married Miss Emeline A. Gardner, from Broome Co., N. Y., December 24, 
1851 ; they have three children — Lewis (now in Nebraska), Lydia (now Mrs. H. H. 
Monroe), Nellie (at home) ; they have lost one daughter — Jennie. 

JOHN H. BACHER, of the firm of J. H. Bacher & Co., dealers in drugs, 
medicines, books and stationery; is a native of Allentown, Lehigh Co., Penn., and was 
born Feb. 19. 1852; he grew up and attended school there, and completed his educa- 
tion at Muhlenburg College and graduated in 1869; the following year, he came to 
Iowa ; located in Jones Co., and, in 187-4, he engaged in the drug business, and has 
built up a good trade. He has held the office of Town Clerk. On the 1st of May, 
1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Amelia Gibson, a native of Jones Co., Iowa, 
and daughter of John Gibson, of this city. 

SEY.IIOLTR BENNETT, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
Cayuga Co., N. Y., in June, 1822; his parents, Nathan and Lois Bennett, removed to 
Trumbull Co., Ohio, in March, 18-40, where they resided till their death. He was 
married to Mary E. Palmer, born in Connecticut ; came to Iowa, and settled on Bow- 
en's Prairie, North Fork Township, Delaware Co., in December, 1865; removed to 
Monticello in 1868; purchased and located on present farm in 1869. Has four chil- 
dren — Luman H., Lois, Zella and Rosa. Mr. Bennett has 615 acres of land; is 
engaged quite extensively in dairying. 

W. E. BINCwHAM, dealer in watches, clocks, jewelry and silver-ware, 
Monticello; is a native of Chesterfield, New Hampshire, and was born Oct. 2, 1854; 
his parents came to Iowa in 1856, and located in Jones Co. ; he grew up to manhood 
and received his education here, and learned the jewelry business ; he afterward 
engaged in business for himself He is Secretary and Treasurer of the State lletail 
Jewelers' Association of Iowa. On the 2d of April, 1878, he was united in marriage to 
Miss Maria T. Gill, a native of this county, and daughter of H. W. Gill, Esq., of this city. 
Mr. Bingham's mother, Mrs. Prusha Bingham, is now living in Monticello; her hus- 
band, Elihu Bingham, died Feb. 8, 1874, leaving five children, two of whom are living 
in Boston and three living here. 

JOHN BliANCHARD, publisher of the Monticello Express ; is a native 
of Crawford Co., Ohio, and was born March 31, 1842 ; when he was only 2 years of 
age, his parents removed to Canada ; he gi'ew up to manhood there, attended the com- 
mon schools, and afterward entered Albert University. In 1860, he came to New 
York, and, for ten years, was connected with the publishing business, and was cor- 
respondent for new.spapers. In 1871, he came to Jones Co. and located at Monticello, 
and, the following year, bought the Express, and since then has published that paper. 
He married Miss Sarah L. Young, a native of Canada, Dec. 25, 1861 ; they have twa 
children — Clarence and Eva ; they have lost one daughter. 

(jr. A. BOMAN, of the firm of Brown & Boman, harness-makers, Monti- 
cello ; is a native of Putnam Co., 111., and was born Nov. 28, 1854; his parents 
came to Iowa in 1856, and located in Clinton Co.; he grew up to manhood there, and 
learned the harness-maker's trade ; he came to Monticello and engaged in the harness- 
making business with C. W. Brown August 1, 1878, and they are building up a 
nice trade. He married Miss Alice M. Hooper, from Clinton County, Iowa, May 30, 
1878. 

C W, BROWN, of the firm of Brown & Boman, harness-makers, Monticello ; 
is a native of Delaware Co., Ohio, and was born March 13, 1854; when 13 years of 
age, he came to Clinton Co., Iowa, and learned the trade of harness-maker at Wheat- 
land ; he came to Monticello and associated with G. A. Boman Aug. 1, 1878, and since 
then they have carried on the business here, and, by industry and close attention to- 
business, they are buildin<r up a cjood trade. 

S. Y. BRADSTREET, Monticello; is a native of Warren Co., Ohio, 
and was born Sept. 8, 1819 ; he grew up to manhood in that State, and learned the 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 661 

trade of carpenter and joiner in Cincinnati; he also studied architecture there. In 
November, 1845, he came to Iowa and located in Dubuque, when there was only 2,500 
people there ; he began working at his trade for a time, and then engaged in building 
and contracting, and continued for eighteen years, except four years spent in California. 
He came to Jones Co. in September, 1863, and, the same year, he bought 109 acres of 
land that is now in the best part of the city ; he has laid out two additions, being 
Bradstreet's First and Second Additions to Monticello. When Mr. Bradstreet 
arrived in Dubuque, he did not have a cent, and now he is the largest land-owner in 
Monticello ; his success in Hfe is owing to his own efforts and good management. He 
was elected the first Mayor of Monticello, and held that office two years ; he has also 
held the offices of Town Trustee, City Alderman, and is now a member of the Water- 
works Board of Trustees. While living in Dubuque, he married Maria Hall, from New 
York, in 1855 ; she died in 1873. In 1874, he married Mrs. E. A. Wallace, formerly 
Miss E. A. Thompson, from Ticonderoga, N. Y. 

WIIiL-IAM BRAZELTOBf, farmer, Sec. 14; P. O. Monticello ; was 
born in Sangamon Co., 111., Dec. 31, 1821 ; his father, Benjamin Brazelton, was a 
native of East Tennessee, and was born in 1795 ; his mother's maiden name was Alice 
Moore, of Ohio. His parents emigrated to Illinois in 1817 ; his father was a soldier in 
the Black Hawk war ; was a member of Capt. Jesse Brown's company of Rangers ; he 
died in August, 1832, of cholera, at Rock Island; his mother was born in South 
Carolina in 1799, and died in Western Iowa in 1856. Mr. Brazelton was married to 
Miss Ruth Minton ; they have eleven children — George, born Dec. 15, 1844; Jane, 
Oct. 1, 1846; Ella, Oct. 25, 1848; Olive, Feb. 10, 1851; Owen, Aug. 30, 1853; 
Sarah, July 23, 1855 ; Jerome, June 3, 1858 ; Perry, June 20, 1861 ; Noel, June 30, 
1863; Chloe, May 25, 1866; Ruby, June 14, 1871. Mr. Brazelton came to Iowa in 
1840, and located in Linn Co., where he was married in 1843. He came to Bowen's 
Prairie in 1845 ; in 1850, he removed to Independence; in 1852, he built the first 
hotel of that place, known as the Brazelton House, which he conducted till the fall of 
1853 ; this hotel was afterwai'd known as the Montour House ; he also built the first 
store and schoolhouse of that town. He returned to Bowen's Prairie in the fall of 
1853, where he still resides ; he settled on his present farm in March, 1875 ; this farm 
contains 380 acres of land ; he is engaged in dairying and stock-raising. 

W. W. CALKINS, of the'firm of S. & W. W. Calkins, dealers in groceries 
and provisions, Monticello ; is a native of Clinton Co., N. Y., and was born Feb. 3, 
1839; he grew up to manhood and received his education there. He came to Iowa 
in 1867, and located in Monticello, and has since resided here, and is associated with 
his father in the mercantile business. He has held the offices of Town Clerk, Town 
Collector two years. Town Trustee for three years, and was elected Coroner at the 
recent election. He is a member of the Masonic Order; he was made a Master Mason 
in 1861, and was made a Royal Arch Mason since coming to Monticello. He was 
united in marriage to 3Iiss Sarah Benedict, a native of Malone, Franklin Co., N. Y., 
July 3, 1862 ; they have two children — Albert and Anna. 

S. CAIjKINS, dealer in groceries and provisions, Monticello ; is a native of 
Canada ; was born Nov. 28, 1815 ; he grew up to manhood there and came to New 
York State and lived there until 1867, then came to Jones Co. and located at Monti- 
cello; in 1877, he engaged in his present business ; while living in New York, he held 
the office of Superintendent of Schools, and since coming here has held the offices of 
City Weighmaster and Street Commissioner. In 1837, he was united in marriage to 
Miss Sarah Ann Walbridge, from Vermont ; they have one son — Wesley W., engaged 
in business with his father. 

ANTON CHASDACK, harness-maker, Monticello; was born in Bohe- 
mia April 8, 1845 ; he emigrated to America in 1866, and came to Iowa ; he learned 
his trade of harness-maker in Cedar Rapids, and, in 1870, came to Monticello, and since 
then has carried on the business here and has a good trade. In 1874, he married Kate 
Pechenty, in Marion, Linn Co., Iowa ; she was born in Bohemia; they have one daugh- 
ter — Frances, born Nov. 22, 1876. 



662 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

JOHN CliARK, contractor and builder, Monticello ; is a native of Mercer 
Co., Fenn., and was born Aug. 28, 1824 ; he grew up to manhood there and learned 
the trade of carpenter and joiner ; in 1855, he came West to Iowa, and located in Jones 
Co., and engaged in farniiug, and was one of the earliest settlers in Wayne Township ; 
he continued farming twelve yeai's, then came to Monticello and engaged in contracting 
and building ; he has erected some of the best buildings here, among others the Public 
School Building, one of the finest in the State ; Kinsella's store, and many others ; in 
1877, he built the house where he now lives, one of the finest private residences in the 
county ; while living in Wayne Township, he held town and school offices. He married 
Miss Maria Joslyn, a native of New York State ; they have two daughters — Emma and 
Fannie ; Emma, now Mrs. Brazee, of Minnesota, is acknowledged by judges of music 
to be the most accomplished pianist in the State ; Fannie is at home. 

WILLIAM CLIXE, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Sand Springs, Delaware Co.; was 
born in Muskingum Co., Ohio, on Dec. 22, 1828 ; 'tis flither, Phillip Cline, removed 
to McLean Co., 111., in 1829, and to Jones Co., Iowa, and settled on Bowen's Prairie in 
184o. William was the oldest of five children ; his parents resided on Bowen's Prairie 
till September, 1873, when they went to York Co., Neb., where they now live. Will- 
iam went overland to California in 1850, and engaged in mining ; returned in October, 
1852. He was married to Emeline Burnham, whose parents, William and Sarah Burn- 
ham, were early settlers of Delaware Co.; they have six children — Andrew M., Phillip 
J., Charles A., William B., Carrie E. and P^meline. Mr. Cline settled on his present 
farm in 1853 ; he has 560 acres of land, a part of which lies in Delaware Co. 

O. W^. COXDOX, insurance agent, Monticello ; is a native of Frederick Co.. 
Md., and was born Nov. 12, 1824 ; he grew up to manhood and received his education 
in that State; in 1848, he came to Knox Co., Ohio; he came to Iowa in 1855, and 
engaged in teaching in Jones Co. for a short time, then returned to Ohio, where he lived 
until 1809, when he came to Jones Co., located in Monticello and engaged in the boot 
and shoe trade on the corner of First and Cedar streets ; he continued in the boot and 
shoe business until 1877, and since then ha^ been engaged in the insurance business; 
he owns the property on the corner of First and Cedar streets and other town property ; 
he held various town offices in Ohio, and has served in the City Council here. He was 
united in marriage to Miss P. McDaniel, a native of Knox Co., Ohio, Oct. 18, 1849. 

F. A. COYIiE, photograph artist, Monticello ; is a native of Pennsylvania, 
and was born in the city of Philadelphia in November, 1855 ; when very young, his 
parents came to Dubuque, Iowa, and afterward came to Jones Co.; he grew up and 
learned the photograph business ; he opened a gallery in Buchanan Co. in April, 1876 ; 
he engaged in the business here in Monticello, and is building up a nice business. In 
October, 1875, he married Miss Julia C. Bundle, a native of Bowen's Prairie, Jones 
Co.; they have two children — Nellie and Arthur. 

CHARL.E8 F. CRAl^E, farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
Putnam Co., N. Y., in 1832 ; he came to Monticello Township in the spring of 1855, 
and settled on his present farm, where he has since resided. He was married to Lucy 
Battles, daughter of Otis Battles, who settled in Delaware Co., from Massachusetts, in 
1857. They have seven children — Eva D., William E., Ida, Floi'a, Frank, Charles 
and Orrin. His farm contains 140 acres. He and wife are members of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. 

GEORGE W. CURTIS, farmer, Sec. 29; P. O. Monticello; was born in 
Paulding Co., Ohio, in 1829. He was married to Catharine Clemmer, of Ohio. He 
came to Jones Co. Nov. 1, 1855, and purchased 80 acres of his present farm; he now 
has 220 acres. Has nine children — Charles C, Margaret E., Alice A., Florence F. , 
Martha M., Horatio N., Laura L., Geori^e W. and Edith E. 

CAPT. JAMES DAVIDSON, Postmaster, Monticello; is a native of 
Sandusky, Ohio, and was born April 27, 1836 ; he grew up and received his education 
at Sandusky and Oberlin College until 1S51, when his parents removed to Elgin, 111., 
and lived there and in Chicago until the breaking-out of the rebellion, in 18(31. He 
w H an officer in the Elgin Continental Military Company ; he volunteered April 14, 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 665 

1861, and the company became Company A, 7th 111. V. I., the first regiment raised for 
the war in Illinois for the three months' service ; he re-enlisted for three years in the 
52d 111. V. I., and was commissioned Lieutenant of Co. Gr ; he was wounded in the 
battle of Pittsburg Landing, April 6 ; after the battle, was promoted, and for two years 
served as Aid on the Staff of Gen. T. W. Sweeney; as Aid and Acting Adjutant Gen- 
eral, Second Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, and participated in the battles of that 
division ; he was in the service about four years. On the 21st of September, 18()-±, he 
was united in marriage to Miss Adaliza E. Dean, from Conneaut, Ohio ; they came to 
Iowa and located at Monticello in 1866. He was editor of the Monticello Express for a 
year and a half, and was elected County Superintendent of Schools, and was appointed 
Postmaster at Monticello June 7, 1866, and was re-appointed to the same position and 
has served since then ; he has also held town and school offices. He owns a good farm, 
well improved, adjoining the city limits. Capt. and Mrs. Davidson have five children 
— James Y., Charles, Lucy L., Henry S. and Orlando. 

D. S. DEWEY, retired, Monticello; is a native of New York State, and 
was born Aug. 19, 1809. He grew up to manhood, and, when 21 years of age, was 
united in marriage to Miss Adeline S. Lincoln, of Utica, N. Y., Oct. 20, 1830. In 
the spring of 1834, came west to Chicago, when that city was in its infancy, there 
being only three hundred and fifty persons there and only five stores, and all the streets 
were as green as the prairie ; Mr. Dewey had the first turning-lathe that was brought 
there, and made the first chairs and bedstead that was ever made in Chicago ; he saw 
the first vessel that entered the harbor; it was the schooner Illinois, sailed by Capt. 
Pickering ; there are few persons now living that have so clear a recollection of Chicago 
in its early infancy as Mr. Dewey ; at that time, there was not a house in Elgin, only 
two houses in Aurora and only three wigwams in Belvidere, and not a house in Rock- 
ford ; in the fall of 1840, Mr. Dewey removed up the lake shore to Waukegan, and 
lived there until 1853, when he came to Iowa and located in Jones Co. ; he built the 
first saw-mill in this section of the country, and built the first dam and afterward erected 
flouring-mills ; he was actively engaged in business here for many years, but disposed of 
his mills about ten years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Dewey have five children — one son, 
Charles, engaged in the drug business, firm of Wright & Dewey, Monticello, and four 
daughters. 

EXilSHA DODCptE, retired farmer, Monticello; is a native of New York 
State, and was born in Westchester, now New York City, Dec. 12, 1817; his parents 
removed to Vermont when he was 3 years of age, and he grew up to manhood in 
Lamoille Co., Vt. While living there, on the 1st of January, 1840, he was united in 
marriage to Miss Harriet N. Clark, a native of Lamoille Co., Vt. In 1851, they emi- 
grated to Iowa and located in Jones Co., in Cass Township; they had enough to dis- 
courage them in starting in their new home ; Mrs. Dodge was very sick, and for four- 
teen days Mr. Dodge dressed her arm every fifteen minutes, both night and day ; Col. 
W. T. Shaw boarded with them, and in him they found a generous friend who helped 
them in starting, and whose kindness has never been forgotten by them. Mr. Dodge 
engaged in farming ; he has seen the time when he could not sell wheat fur 25 cents 
a bushel for cash, and got his pay in groceries ; could only get shelf goods ; when they 
arrived here in this county, they had nothing, and was 3100 in debt in getting here; 
but they went to work, and, by industry and good management, they have by their own 
efforts earned a competency. They have one daughter — Almira E., now Mrs. George 
D. Clouse, living on the old home farm. 

J. W. OOXSEE, attorney at law, Monticello; is a native of Summit Co., 
Ohio, and was born Jan. 17, 1857 ; when 6 years of age, his parents came to Iowa, and 
he grew up and received his education in this State, completing his collegiate course at 
the State Agricultural College, at Ames, in 1877 ; he entered the law oflSce of M. W. 
Herrick and commenced reading law, and was admitted to the bar in March, 1879, and 
is preparing to enter the practice of his profession. 

COL. JOH^ O. DUER, of the firm of John O. Duer & Co., dealers in 
dry goods, carpets, hats and caps, furs and groceries, corner of First and Cedar streets, 

T 



666 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Monticello ; is a native of Maryland, and was born Feb. 12. 18.38 ; he grew up to man- 
hood there, and, in 18G0, came to Galena, III. Unpon the breaking-out of the rebel- 
lion, he entered the army, enlisting Sept. 3, 1861, in the -ISth 111. V. I., and was com- 
missioned Second Lieutenant of Co. D ; he participated in thirteen general engage- 
ments, besides many fights and skirmishes ; he was promoted to First Lieutenant, then 
to Capcain, and commanded the company ; he was afterward promoted to Major, then 
to Lieutenant Colonel, and was commissioned Colonel of the 45th 111. Y. I., and com- 
manded the regiment; he was brevetted Brigadier General ; he was in the service about 
four years, until the close of the war, when he I'eturned to Galena. In 1867, he came 
to Jones Co., and located at Monticello ; since then, he has been engaged in mercantile 
business here ; he is doing an extensive business, and has built up the largest trade of 
any merchant in Jones Co.; in 1878, he built the large, commodious store he now occu- 
pies. He held the position of cashier of the Monticello National Bank for two years. 
He has held offices of City Treasurer, City Councilman, and school offices. In January, 
1868, he was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Wonderly, from Galena, 111.; they have 
four children — Bessie E , John 0., Lee VV. and Eugene V. 

F. ^'>. OUGtAR, dealer in lumber, shingles, sash, doors and blinds, Monticello "^^ 
is a native of Vermont, and was born April 23, 1854; his parents emigrated to Wis- 
consin the following year, and he was brought up and received education in that State; 
in 1877, he went to Kansas and was engaged in the mercantile business for two years^ 
the firm being Dugar & Carnes; in 1879, Mr. Dugar cames to Jones Co., and located 
in Monticello and established his present business, and is building up a good trade. 

FRED. S. DUIVH All, of the firm of Dunham & Luchhardt, wholesale and 
retail dealers in hardware, iron and tinners' stock, Monticello; is a native of Hartford, 
Conn., and was born Dec. 1 9, 1832 ; his parents removed to Pennsylvania in 1833, and, in 
1844:, they came west to Iowa, and located in Jackson Co., at Maquoketa; Fred grew 
up to manhood and received his education there; he was engaged in mercantile busi- 
ness at Maquoketa with Hon. P. Mitchell, and, afterward, with Mr. IMcCloy, the firm 
being McCloy & Dunham ; upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted in the 
2d I. V. C, and was mustered into the service July 24, 1861, nnd he was commissioned 
Lieutenant Co. L; among the battles which he participated in, was Corinth, luka, 
battle nf Franklin, and many others ; he had two horses shot under him ; he was pro- 
moted to Captain and commanded Co. L ; remained in the service three and a half 
years. After his return, he came to Monticello and established his present bu.siuess, 
and has built up a large and extensive trade. In 1857, he was united in marriage to 
Miss Ph(cbe jMcCloy, daughter of Joseph McCloy. Es((., of Maquoketa, one of the 
earliest settlers of Iowa ; they have three children — Carrie, now Mrs. Mark W. Dun- 
ham, of Du Paije Co., 111.; Nellie and Imogene, at home. 

GERHARD FILERS, farmer, Sec. 33; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
Oldenburg, Germany, in 1837; he is the son of Anton and Talke Eilers, who came to 
this country in 185(3, and settled in Lee Co., 111., but removed to Jones Co. in 1856. 
Mr. Eilers was married to Margaret Jacobs, also born in Germany ; they have four 
children — Anton, Henry, William and Paul. Mr. Eilers has 730 acres of land, 
including a farm in Scotch Grove Township ; he is engaged extensively in dairying and 
stock-raising ; he makes a specialty of Clydesdale horses and Shetland ponies ; has a 
large number of the former and several fine specimens of the latter. 

RENK EIIiERS, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Monticello; was born in Olden- 
burg. Germany, in 1844; he is the .son of Anton and Talke Eilers, who came to this 
country in 1850 ; they lived in Lee Co., III., six years, and came to Jones Co. in 1856 ; 
his fiither settled near Monticello, where he still resides. Mr. Eilers was married to 
Maria Harms, daughter of A. B. Harms, of Cass Tuwnship ; they have five children — 
B. A., Maria M., llenk E., Gehard and Alvin. Settled on his present farm which 
contains 175 acres, in March, 1866. 

ABRAHAIfl ERI>i\ESER, of the firm of Erdneser Bros., manufactur- 
ers and dealers of furniture, Monticello ; is a native of Switzerland ; he grew up to 
manhood there, and emigrated to this country and came to Jones Co. and located in 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 667 

Monticello, and is associated with liis brother in the furniture business. He married 
Agnes Erdneser, a native of Switzerland, and he has three children. Mr. Erdneser 
owns the building where they carry on their business. 

JACOB ERDNESER, of the firm of Erdneser Bros., manufacturers and 
dealers in furniture, Monticello; is a native of Switzerland, and was born April 7, 
1842; he grew up to manhood and learned his trade there; he emigrated to America 
in April, 1868, and came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello, and began working at 
his trade ; he associated with his brother, and has been in furniture business since 
1871 ; they make some kinds of furniture but buy most of their stock. 

MA J. S. S. FARWELIi, Collector of Internal Revenue, for the 2d Dis- 
trict of Iowa, Monticello; is a native of Coshocton Co., Ohio, and was born April 26, 
183-1; he grew up to manhood in that State; he came West to Iowa, and located in 
Jones Co. in May, 1852, and engaged in farming, opening a farm about three miles 
north of Monticello ; in 1855, he went to Marion Co., Iowa, and engaged in milling 
and mercantile business; in 1857, he went to Missouri and remained two years, then 
returned to Iowa, and, on the 28th of December, 1858, he was united in marriage to 
Miss 3Ielinda Z. Nesbitt, from Wooster, Ohio, and again engaged in farming. After 
the breaking-out of the rebellion, in the summer of 1862, he recruited Co. H, 31st I. 
V. I., and upon its organization he was elected Captain ; he participated in the battles 
of his regiment, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Look- 
out Mountain, Mission Ridge, and others ; May 31, 1865, he was promoted and com- 
missioned Major ; he was slightly wounded by a shell during the siege of Vicksburg ; 
he remained in the service three years — until the close of the war, and after his return 
he was elected to the State Senate and served during the sessions of 1866 and 1868 ; 
in May, 1869, he received the appointment of Assessor of Internal Revenue for the 
2d District of Iowa, and held that position until the office was abolished in 1873; in 
February, 1875, he was appointed to his present position as Collector of Internal Rev- 
enue for the 2d District of Iowa. Maj. Farwell has been actively identified with the 
interests of Jones Co.- and the growth of Monticello; he was active in securing the 
Davenport & St. Paul R. R., now the Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., through Monti 
cello; in 1874, he was elected President of the Jones Co. Agricutural and 
Mechanical Association, and advanced the money individually to erect the large com- 
modious hall and buildings ; he is one of the Directors of the Monticello banks ; owns 
a good farm near town. Maj. and Mrs. Farwell have five children — Mary E., Luna, 
Marcus, Zelma and Sewell S. 

HE:NRY B. FAWCETT, n. D. (deceased), physician and surgeon ; 
was a native of Ohio, and was bora in CarroUton, Carroll Co., June 10, 1824 ; he grew 
up to manhood and received his education in that State ; he studied medicine, his pre- 
ceptor being Dr. Hunter, of Ohio ; Dr. Fawcett graduated at the Cleveland Medical 
College. In January, 1853, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. Jones, from 
Mount Pleasant, Jefferson Co., Ohio; they came to Iowa in April, 1854, and located 
in Scott Co., where he engaged in the practice of medicine; he successfully practiced 
his profession there twenty-two years ; he came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello 
in 1876; his death occurred the following year, Feb. 25, 1877; he was a kind husband 
and father, and was devotedly attached to his profession ; he left a wife and three 
daughters now living — Hattie M., in Monticello; Martha J. and Mary J. 

JOHN E. FIIVKE, attorney at law, of the firm of Wing & Finke; is a 
native of Carroll Co., 111., and was born at Savanna Aug. 24, 1853 ; he grew up and 
attended school there and at Aurora, 111., and completed his education at the University 
of Michigan, graduating in the Law Department, in the spring of 1878 ; in November 
of the same year, he came to Monticello and associated with Col. J. Q. Wing in the 
practice of law. 

PROF. LUTHER FOSTER, Superintendent of Schools, Monticello; is a 
native of Monroe Co., Ind., and was born Oct. 5, 1849. His parents came to Iowa in 
1850, and located in Wapello Co., near Ottumwa. He grew up to manhood and received his 
education in this State and engaged in teaching ; he came to Jones Co. in August, 1873, 



668 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

located at Monticello and became Principal of the schools, and since then has occupied 
that position. He was united in marriage to Miss M. Lizzie Curtis, from Independ- 
ence, Iowa, July 20, 1870 ; they have two children, daughters — Florence and an infant 
not named. 

J^^JUfJELi li. tir ARDIXKR, merchant tailor, Monticello ; is a native of Ire- 
land. His parents were neither of them Irish ; they were of Scotch and English descent. 
Samuel was born Jan. 11,1826; he learned his trade in ^Manchester, Eng., and emigrated 
to America in boyhood, and lived in Claremont, N. H.; he came to Iowa in December, 
18l)G and located in Monticello, and since then has carried on his business hei'e. While 
livin" in Claremont, he was united in marriage to Miss Diantha M. Buckman, from 
ClaremoQt, N. H., April 19, 1852 ; they had one daughter — Lizzie L., not living. Mr. 
Gardiner has held the office of Town Clerk ; he has been prominently connected with 
the Masonic Order for many years ; he was Secretary of the Blue Lodge eleven years, 
was Secretary of the Chapter foar years, and also of the Commandery four years, and 
Generali-ssimo of Trinity Commandery, No. 16; he was the only Knight Templar in 
Jones Co. for many years; he was Knighted in Mount Horeb Commandery, at Concord, 
N. H., in 1860, and is authority on matters pertaining to the Order. Samuel L. Gard- 
iner was the first Superintendent of Floral Hall, in Jones County Agricultural Society, 
and the hall, when first occupied, was fitted up under his personal supervi.■^ion. 

GEOROE W. GARLOCK (deceased); was a native of New York; 
he was born in the city of Bochestor, and grew up to manhood in that State. He was 
united in marriage to Miss Frances Whiting, from Newark, N. Y., Aug. 1, 1868 ; they 
came to Iowa in 1868, and located in Monticello; he engaged in manufacturing gloves 
and mittens ; he was the first to establish this business here in Jones Co.; he carried on 
the business until the present year; his death occurred Jan. 27, 1879. He was elected 
Mayor of Monticello, and held that office at the time of his death ; had served in the 
City Council. He left a wife and three children now living in Monticello — George H., 
Cora E. and Minola M. Mr. Garlock was connected with the Ancient Order of United 
Workmen ; he was a charter member of the Lodge in Monticello, and his death was 
the first that occurred in that Lodge. 

GEORGE GEORGE, farmer. Sec. 27; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
Hereford, England, Sept. 11, 1807. He was married to Mary Jones, also born in 
Hereford, by whom he had one child ; wife and child died in England. Mr. George 
learned the trade of a carpenter, in the employ of John Arkwright, of Hampton Court, 
Herefordshire, Eng., whose house he assisted in building; he came to America in 1842, 
and settled near Galena, where he lived eight years ; he went to California in 1850, 
where he worked at his trade and was also engaged in mining; he returned in 1853, 
and came to Jones Co., where his family had removed during his absence. His present 
wife was Ann Faragher, born on the Isle of Man; has three children — Sarah A., James 
and S. H. Mrs. George had two children by a former marriage — Mary aad Margaret 
Bolt. Has been a large landholder, owning at one time about 1,000 acres, the greater 
part of which he had divided among his children. 

H. W. GILili, dealer in agricultural implements and fiirm machinery, Monti- 
cello ; is a native of Springfield, Windsor Co., Vt., and was born Dec. 21, 1818; he 
grew up to manhood there, and, in the spring of 1850, went around Cape Horn to C^aVi- 
fornia, and remained there four years and returned, and, in 1854, he came to Iowa and 
located in Jones Co.; he entered a section of land, one-half of which was for his brother. 
He engaged in farming, and continued for ten years ; then removed to Monticello and 
bought seventy-seven acres of land inside the city limits ; he has sold off a part of it, 
but still owns twenty-four acres. Mr. Gill established his present business in 1869, and, 
by fair dealing, has built up a large trade. He held the office of Justice of the Peace 
in Castle Grove ; but, since coming to Monticello, he has refused all offices. He married 
Miss Damiette Toles, a native of Wethersfield, Vt., Dec. 25, 1853; they have two chil- 
dren — Maria (now Mrs. W. F. Bingham, of this city), and one son, Frank, in school. 

FRED GRASSMEYER, dealer in hardware and house-furnishing goods, 
Monticello; is a native of Mecklenburg, Germany, and was born March 21, 1826; he 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 669 

grew up to manhood there, and came to America in 1850 ; he came to Davenport, Iowa ; 
in 185Jr, he came to Canton, Jones Co.; in 1859, he located in Monticello and started a 
tin-shop, there was only one house completed in the new part of the town at that time ; 
the buildins he now occupies in carrying on his business was the first building that was 
finished on First street. Mr. Grassmeyer has been engaged in business as long as any 
merchant in Monticello, and, from the small beginnings he made when he first began, he 
has by industry and fair dealing built up a large and successful trade. He holds the 
office of City Councilman, and has held the ofiice of School Director. He is a member 
of the Masonic Order, and is connected with Burns Lodge. He married Miss Paulina 
Lorentzen, a native of Germany, April 6, 1851 ; they have two daughters — Matilda and 
Ida ; they have lost two sons. 

JOHIV ORUiflM, proprietor saloon, Monticello; is a native of Germany, and 
was born in Kingdom of Hanover Jan. 9, 1851 ; his parents emigrated to America in 
1858 ; they came to Dixon, HI., and lived eleven years ; then came to Iowa and located 
in Jones Co. He has been engaged in business here since 1877. He belongs to the 
I. 0. 0. F. He married Miss Annie Markle, a native of Bohemia, March 9, 1871 ; 
they have one daughter— Rosa, born Sept. 22, 1874. 

CHARLiEN W. GURNEY% proprietor of the Hesperian Nurseries, Mon- 
ticello ; is a native of Hampshire Co., Mass., and was born May 13, 1840. His father's 
farm joined the f;\rm of William Cullen Bryant, and the families were intimately 
acquainted ; when Charles was 17 years of age, he came West to Iowa and located in 
Fayette Co. Upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted as private May 13, 
1861, the day he was 21 years old, in the 3d I. V. I., Co. D ; he was promoted through 
non-commissioned offices, and was commissioned Captain Co. C ; the 2d Iowa and the 
3d [. V. I., were consolidated, and he commanded Company I, of the 2d I. V. I.; he 
was afterward promoted and commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment. He was 
in many battles, and was with Gen. Sherman in his march to the sea, and through the 
Carolinas. He was in the service four years and four months. After the war, he 
returned to Iowa, and, on the 17th of September, 1865, was united in marriage to Miss 
Eliza Butler, of Decorah, Winneshiek Co., Iowa. In November of the same year, they 
came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello. In 1871, he was appointed Assistant 
Assessor of Internal Revenue. He established his nurseries in 1872. He has held 
the office of Justice of the Peace six years, and has been City Recorder, and has served 
in the City Council many years. He has recently bought a farm in Dixon Co., Neb., and 
contemplates engaging in the stock business there. Colonel and Mrs. Gurney have three 
sons and four daugliters — Henry, DeLoss and Phil Sheridan, Eva, Grace, Lettie and Anna. 

GrEORCirE HAIjVEI^, grain and ice busines.s, Monticello; is a native of 
Lancaster, Mass., and was born Feb. 3, 1833. His parents lived in Boston until he was 
12 years of age; they then removed to Cheshire Co., N. H., where he grew up and 
attended school. After reaching manhood, on the 30th of August, 1854, he was united 
in marriage to Miss Hannah L. Gilman, a native of Cheshire Co., N. H. They came 
West to iowa, the same year, and located in Jones Co. Fie engaged in railroading and 
running a saw-mill, and was on public works several years, and afterward engaged in the 
grain and ice business. He has lived in this county over a quarter of a century, and is 
yet a young man. 

S. iw. HARRIS, proprietor Burnet House, Monticello ; is a native of Massa- 
chusetts, and was born in the city of Boston June 23, 1831. He grew up to manhood 
there, and, on the 9th of October, 1854, he was united in marriage to Miss Frances T. 
Green, from Chelsea, Vt. They came West to Illinois in 1858, and located at Port 
Byron, and lived there until 1868, then removed to Davenport. Mr. Harris has been 
connected with the boot and shoe trade for thirty years, and most of the time (for 
twenty years) was on the road selling goods. He has held the office of Justice of the 
Peace, Town Clerk, Township Assessor and other town and school offices. He came to 
Monticello and opened the Burnet House in May, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Harris have four 
children — Charles G. (living in Davenport), Nathaniel (at home), George (living in 
Davenport), Malcolm (attending lectures at Rush Medical College, Chicago). 



670 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

ROBERT HEXDERSOX, contractor and builder, Monticello ; is a native 
of Delaware Co., N. Y., and was born June 3U, 1832 ; when 17 years of age, he went 
to Ohio and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner ; he came to Jackson Co., Iowa, 
in the spring of 1855 ; remained only a short time and came to Jones Co., and located 
in Castle Grove, and began working at his trade, and since then has been engaged in 
contracting and building; he has probably erected more buildings throughout the 
county, in the different townships, than any builder in Jones Co. He married Miss 
Polly L. Palmer, a native of Connecticut, March 3, 1861 ; they have four children — 
Charles, Jennie, Ella and Robert ; they have lost one child — Jessie. 

C. A. HEXRY, dental surgeon, Monticello; is a native of Hampden Co., 
Mass., and was born within a few miles of Springfield March 31, 1850; his parents 
came to Iowa when he was only 12 years of age, and located in Delaware Co. ; he grew 
up and received his education in this State ; he studied dentistry in Monticello, and, 
since 1876, has successfully practiced his profession in this city ; his parents are still 
living in Delaware Co. 

^I, \V. HERRICK, attorney and counselor at law, Monticello ; office, cor- 
ner First and Cedar streets, over the Monticello Bank; is a native of Fort Wayne, Ind., 
and was born November 15, 184-4; when 5 years of age. his parents removed to Wis- 
consin and located near Madison; he studied law in Beaver Dam and Madison, and 
attended the Albany Law School, and graduated from that institution in the spring of 
1867 ; the following year, he came to Jones Co., Iowa, and located at Monticello, and 
since then he has successfully practiced his profession here. He was united in marriage 
to Miss Mar}! C. Chamberlain, from New York, Sept. 13, 1870 ; they have two chil- 
dren — Mabel Grace and Franci.s Marion. 

FRANCIS M. HI€KI$, farmer. Sec. 1; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie; was born 
in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., in 1822 ; his fither, George Hicks, was also a native of the 
State of New York ; the latter part of his life, he was a resident of Wayne Co., in that 
State. Mr. Hicks was married, in 1S47, to Miss Frances Little, daughter of Ebenezer 
and Abby Little; she was born in February, 1829; they came to Bowen's Prairie in 
November, 1848. Mr. Hicks bought his present farm in the spring of 1851, where he 
has since resided. Has had ten children, nine of whom are living — Frank, married Vina 
Weller, of Wayne Co., N. Y.; Ophelia, now Mrs. Fred. Penniman ; Harry, married 
Miss Mettie Palmer; Eben G., Elmer E., Grant, Ernest H., Lollie A. and Archie G. 
Mr. Hicks has 430 acres in the farm where he lives; a form of 130 acres in Sec. 10, 
and eighty acres of timber ; his farm is finely located ; his improvements among the best 
in the township ; is engaged in dairying and stock-raising. He went overland to Cali- 
fornia in 1850 ; returned in 1851. He was elected SheriflF in the fall of 1851 ; served 
two years. 

JAMES N. HICKS, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in Rens- 
selaer Co., N. Y., in 1824 ; he is a brother of Francis M. Hicks ; he went to California 
via the Isthmus of Panama in the winter of 1849-50, where he remained till 1858, 
engaged in mining, when he returned to the State of New York. He was married in 
the fall of that year to Maria Ashley ; came immediately to Bowen's Prairie and settled 
on his present farm; he has 180 acres of land ; has three children — Kate, Freddie 
and George; lost one son — Seward. In May, 1876, Mr. Hicks was thrown from his 
horse and received injuries that render him an invalid ; although almost totally helpless 
from the shock which hi.s nervous system received, yet his mind is clear and unimpaired. 

MICHAEL HOP ACRE, farmer. Sec. 16; P.O. Monticello ; was born 
in Stark Co., Ohio, in June, 1828 ; in 1848, he removed to Paulding Co., in that State. 
He was married to Rebecca J. Clemmer, born in Defiance Co., Ohio ; they came to 
Jones Co. the same year, 1854 ; he bought his present farm the same year; he has 320 
acres; has nine children — Joseph M., Olive C., Frank M., George A., Cornelia E., 
Philena E., Anna A., Nellie N. and Jessie; lost two children in infancy. 

I>. S. HOSFORD, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Monticello; born in Litch- 
field Co., Conn., in 1816; his father, Solomon Hosford, removed to Trumbull Co., 
Ohio, in 1830. Mr. Hosford was married to Paulina Palmer; they came to Jones 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 671 

do. in 1863, and settled in Castle Grove Township, where they lived two years; thence 
to Bowen's Prairie, South Fork Township, Delaware Co., where he resided about seven 
years; settled where he now lives in the spring of 1873. Has five children — Orlando, 
Alonzo, Cecil, Curtis D. and Florence. Mr. Hosford has 940 acres of land ; he is 
engaged extensively in stock-raising ; he makes a specialty of the short horn and 
Holstein breeds of cattle. 

S. R. HOWARD, dealer in stock and grain, Monticello ; is a native of New 
York State, and was born in Chemung Co. Sept. 17, 1822; he grew up to manhood 
mostly in Tompkins Co., and lived in that State until 1855. On the 23d of March, 
1855, he was united in marriage to Miss Martha A. Campbell ; she was born in 
Cayuga Co., N. Y., but grew up in Montgomery Co.; in the fall of the same year, 
they came West to Iowa, and arrived in Jones Co. in October, 1855, and located in 
Clay Township and engaged in farming; in 1863, they removed to Monticello, and Mr. 
Howard engaged in the stock business, and since then he has been engaged in buying 
and shipping grain and stock. He has held the ofiice of Assessor in Clay Township for 
many years, and sine? coming here has served as Town Trustee and as City Council- 
man. Mr. and Mrs. Howard have three children — one daughter. Mate E., and two 
sons, George S. and Charles R. They have one of the most pleasant and attractive 
homes in Jones Co. 

O. W. HUNT, editor of the Jones County Liberal, Monticello ; was for- 
merly editor and proprietor of the ^Vyoming News, which was established by him Nov. 
19, 1873; he was also the predecessor of John Blanchard, the present editor of the 
Monticello Express, and conducted that paper with energy and success. The Liberal, 
Lis present paper, he established Sept. 19, 1872. Mr. Hunt has had a large experience 
in the newspaper business. 

GrKORCwE H. JACORS, dealer in fancy groceries, restaurant and confec- 
tionery, Monticello ; is a native of Niagara Co., N. Y., and was born Sept. 6, 1139 ; he 
grew up and lived there until coming to Towa, in 1855, and he has lived here in this 
State over twenty-four years ; he engaged in his present business in September, 1876, 
and is building up a good trade. He has held the offices of City Recorder and City 
Collector ; he holds the office of Township Trustee. He married Miss E. J. Babcock, 
from Chenango Co., N. Y., Sept. 25, 1865 ; they have three children — Spencer, Carrie 
and Hattie. 

CHRIS JAECirEiR, proprietor of saloon and restaurant, Monticello; is a 
native of Germany, and was born in the kingdom of Wurtemberg June 19, 1852 ; he 
emigrated to x\merica and landed in this countr}- June 19, 1871 ; he came to Clayton 
Co., Iowa, the same year, and lived in Elkader and vicinity until the present year. On 
the 19th of June, 1879, he married Miss Katie Kamer, from Elkader, Clayton Co., Iowa ; 
she is a native of Vienna, Austria ; they came to Monticello during the present year. 
Mr. Jaeger is a member of I. 0. 0. F., and belongs to Elkader Lodge, No. 304. 

PLATT JENNING^S, dealer in boots and shoes, Monticello ; is a native 
of Knox Co., Ohio, and was born Sept. 22, 1825 ; he grew up and learned the boot and 
shoe trade. After reaching manhood, he married Miss Rachel A. Harris, from Knox 
Co., Ohio, Oct. 7, 1845 ; they came to Iowa in February, 1853, and located in Jones 
Co. and entered land in Clay Township, and he engaged in farming and shoemaking. 
He remained there nine years, and came to Monticello May 18, 1863; since then he 
lias been engaged in business here, and is the oldest in the trade here except George 
Stuhler, and has lived in Jones Co. over twenty-six years ; he has held town offices. 
Mr. and Mrs. Jennings have four children — Elizabeth (now Mrs. Stoifel, Mechanics- 
ville. Iowa), Annie (now Mrs. Price, Cedar Rapids), Clarence (married and living in 
Linn Co.), and Alonzo (married and living in this city). 

WILiljIAM JOSLIN, engineer, Monticello; born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., 
in 1826 ; his parents removed to New York City when he was a child. He was mar- 
ried to Sarah J. Anthony, who was born in Milton, N. Y. He removed to Elizabeth, 
N. J., in 1849 ; they came to Scotch Grove Township, Jones Co., in 1867 ; removed 
to Monticello in 1868. Mr. Joslin has been engaged in engineering since he was 19 



672 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

years of age. He owns a residence on the corner of Walnut and First streets, where 
he resides ; also owns other property in town. 

S. KAH\, dealer in ready-made clothing and gents' furnishing goods, Monti- 
cello ; is a native of (xermany and was born March 4, 1834; he grew up to manhood 
there and came to America in 1854; he came to Chicago in 1856 and was there five 
years; in 1861, he came to Morrison, Whiteside Co., 111., and was engaged in business 
there until 1872, when he came to Iowa; in 1874, he came to Jones Co. and located at 
Monticello and established his present business ; he carries an extensive stock of goods 
and by fair dealing has built up a large trade. Mr. Kahn was united in marriage to 
Miss Dora Goldman, a native of Germany, Dec. 11, 1877 ; they have one son — Charlie, 
born Sept. 21, 1878. 

THOMAS A. KIXGr, dealer in groceries and provisions, Monticello ; is a 
native of Franklin Co., Ind., and was born Oct. 8, 1840 ; he grew up there until 15 years 
of age ; his parents came to Iowa in 1855 and located in Jones Co., a few miles from 
Monticello. After reaching manhood, he married Miss Mary E. Moore January 15, 
1861 ; she is a native of Jones Co., and is the second white female child born in Jones 
Co. In 1864, they went to California and remained about four years; then returned 
to Jones Co. again. Mr. King has been engaged in the mercantile business for the 
past four years. They have had six children ; only two sons survive — Charles Arthur, 
born Oct. 13, 1869, and Thomas, born Nov. 12, 1875. Mr. King has lived in this 
county about twenty-five years ; he has plowed corn where the business part of Monti- 
cello now stands. The parents of Mrs. King were among the earliest settlers in Jones 
Co.; William Moore and Alvira Neal were married in Dubuque Co. in May, 1839 ; they 
came to Jones Co. in 1838 and settled on Bowen's Prairie; Mary E., now Mrs. King, 
was born April 12, 1840, and, as mentioned above, is the second white female child born 
in this county ; Mr. Moore died Jan. 2, 1875 ; her mother, Mrs. Moore, is still living 
in Castle Grove Township. 

D. S. KINSELLA, buying and shipping grain and produce, Monticello; is 
a native of Little Hock, iVrk., and was born July 5, 1838 ; his parents came to Iowa 
and located at Dubuque in 1849 ; he grew up to manhood there and in 1858 he went 
to Kentucky and attended the Jesuit school at Bardstown for one year, then entered 
the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, and remained until the year 1860 ; in June, 
1861, he came to Delaware Co. and the following year came to -Jones Co. and located at 
Monticello; engaged in the grain business and continued until 1869; then engaged in 
the mercantile business, the firm being E. B. Kinsella & Bros., and continued until 
1873 ; he is now engaged in the stock and produce business. In September, 1865. he 
was united in marriage to Miss Katie T. Holt, who was born in St. John, N. B.; they 
have four children — Edward W., Mary R., James J. and Harry D. 

ABRA9I D. KLIXE, Sr., farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Monticello; born in 
Shenandoah Co., Va., in 1808 ; his father died before Abram was born. Mr. Kline 
removed to Western Virginia in 1832. He was married to Ann Newland in 1830. 
Came to Dubuque Co., Iowa, in 1849, where he resided until 1866 ; he then came to 
Jones Co. and located at what is now Center Junction, where he lived till 1874, when 
he removed to Monticello, where he lived three years. Mrs. Kline died Oct. 24, 1876. 
he purcha.sed his present farm in the winter of 1876, where he located in the spring of 
1877. He was married in June, 1877, to Mrs. Hannah Batchelder, daughter of Mr. 
John Batchelder, an early settler of Wayne Township from New Hampshire, 
Mr. Kline had nine children by his first marriage, six of whom are living — Martha E.; 
married John Tuel and resides in Kansas; Ann E., married Benjamin Fern, of Dubuque 
Co.; Nancy C, now Mrs. Arthur Hudson and resides in ^Minnesota; John H., who 
lives in Decatur Co., Iowa; Jane, now Mrs. H. Putnam and resides in Monticello, and 
Andrew D., who lives in Kansas. Mr. Kline's farm contains 220 acres. He suffered 
a severe loss in building and crops by a tornado in October, 1877. His mother mar- 
ried again after the death of her first husband, but again became a widow ; she accom- 
panied her son to Iowa and died at his residence at Center Junction in 1866, aged 79 
years. 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 673 

JOHIV F. KOOP, dealer in boots and shoes, Monticello ; is a native of 
Germany and was born in Hanover Nov. 20, 1829 ; he grew up to manhood and 
learned his trade there and emigrated to America in October, 1853; lived in Cincinnati 
two years and came to Dubuque in 1855 ; was engaged in business there until he came 
to Jones Co. and loaated in Monticello Sept. 13, 1870. and since then he has been 
engaged in business here and has built up a good trade. He married Fredrika Gruben 
March 27, 1861 ; she was born in Germany and came to America when very young ; 
they have two children — Frederick W. and Clara. 

GEORCirE W. liAIflMOX, retired, Monticello; was born in Paris, Oneida 
Co., N. Y., Nov. 17, 1807 ; he grew up to manhood in that State, and came to Iowa 
by wagon in 1849, and located in Jackson Co.; lived there until coming to Jones Co., 
and located in Monticello ; he was engaged in mercantile business for some years, and 
has lived in this State over thirty years, and owns property in Monticello. He married 
Miss Eliza Eddy, a native of Maine, Oct. 27, 1831 ; they have eight children, and have 
lost two — George I., Martin V., Fidelia, Josham M., Squire S., John T., William L., 
Mary. 

H. Gr. Ji AICHHARDT, of the firm of Dunham & Leichhart, wholsesale and 
retail dealers in hardware, iron and tinners' stock, Monticello ; is a native of Christian 
Co., Ky., and was born Jan. 13, 1853 ; he attended school there until 16 years of age ; 
he went to Europe, and entered college in Germany and remained six years, and gradu- 
ated in 1869 ; he returned to America and lived in his native State until 1877, when he 
came to Jones Co., and located in Monticello on the 1st of January, 1879 ; he associated 
with Mr. Dunham in the hardware business; they carry a large stock and do a large 
and leading trade. In November, 1878, Mr. Laichhardt was united in marriage to Miss 
L. S. Davidson, of Hopkinsville, Ky. 

ALEXANDER liE WIS, farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born 
at Covington, Ky., in 1810; in the spring of 1851, he came to Marion, Linn Co., 
Iowa; he came to Richland, Jones Co., in June, 1855, and engaged to work for Mr. 
Alfred Brazelton till he became of age; at the breaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted 
in the 31st I. V. I., and served till the close of the war; he participated in no less than 
twenty-eight engagements, including the battles of Yazoo, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicks- 
burg, Lookout Mountain and Ringgold ; was in Sherman's march to the sea ; was dis- 
charged June 27, 1865. He went to Nebraska in 1872, and made him a farm in York 
Co., which he exchanged for his present farm in the flill of 1874. He married Ella 
Brazelton, daughter of William Brazelton ; have four children — George A., Albert S., 
Frederick A. and Ernest J. ; lost oldest child, William Franklin, in Nebraska. 

I. M. lilNIVELIj, contractor and builder, Monticello; is a native of Jefferson 
Co., New York, and was born in Watertown Aug. 1, 1836 ; his parents came to Illinois 
when he was 14 years of age, and he grew up to manhood in that State, and learned the 
trade of carpenter and joiner in Chicago; in the fall of 1861, he came to Iowa and 
located at Monticello ; at that time there were only a few houses here ; since then he 
has been contracting and building, and has erected many of the best buildings in the 
city ; he has been engaged in building here longer than any other builder. Mr. Linnell 
was united in marriage to Miss Eunice Starks, a native of Clinton Co., N. Y., Feb. 22, 
1859 ; they have one daughter — Jennie I. Mr. Linnell is connected with the Masonic 
Order, and is a member of Burns Lodge. 

J. B. JLITCHFIEL.D, dentist, Monticello; is a native of Richmond, Va.; 
was born June 8, 1853 ; he grew up and attended school there until 16 years of age, 
when he came to Chicago and studied dentistry; lived there six years; in 1875, he 
came to Dubuque, and in April, 1879, he came to Monticello and engaged in the prac- 
tice of dentistry. 

JOHiV liOREWTZEX, dealer in groceries, butter and cheese, Monticello; 
is a native of Germany and was born in Bredstedt Schleswig, in 1837 ; he emigrated to 
America in 1850 ; he came to Iowa and located in Monticello, and engaged in the 
crockery business ; he afterward engaged in the grocery trade, and buying produce ; he 
has been extensively engaged in buying and shipping butter and cheese, and, by fair 



674 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

dealins, has built up a good trade. He married Miss Tillie Paulsen, a native of Mel- 
dgrf Holstein, Germany, June 28, 1868 ; they have four children — Victor, Charlie, 
George and Marie. 

H. C LOVKL ACE, blacksmith, Monticello ; is a native of Iowa, and was 
born in Dubuque Co., July 30, 1850 ; he grew up to manhood and learned his trade 
there; in 187o. he came to Jones Co., and located in Monticello, and since then has 
been engaged in business here, and has built up a good trade. He married Miss M. E. 
Dando, from Dubuque, March 2G, 1872 ; they have two children — Jennie jMabel and 
Frankie. 

GEORCwJK W. 1jOVEL<L(, banker and stock-raiser, Monticello; is a native 
of Windham Co., Vt., and was born Dec. 9, 1818 ; he was educated in the public schools 
of Vermont, and was well versed in the common English branches, natural science, sur- 
veying, geometry and the higher mathematics ; in 1835, while in his 17th year, the 
family came to Kalamazoo, Mich., and engaged in farming ; upon attaining his 20th 
year, his father died, in 1839, and he was left in charge of the home fiirm in Michigan. 
He was elected Supervisor of Kalamazoo about 18-44, and held that office for five or six 
years, and, in 1852, was elected a member of the House of Representatives in that State 
and was re-elected in 1854, holding the office four years and performing its duties to the 
entire satisfaction of his constituents; during the same year, 1854, he came West to 
Iowa, and invested in land in Jones Co., and engaged in stock-raising ; his stock-farm, 
containing over one thousand acres, only a few miles from Monticello, is one of the 
finest in the State; while living here, he was elected County Supervisor. In 1870, he 
moved into Monticello, and engaged in banking. In 1-871, he was elected Mayor of 
Monticello, and was re-elected in 1872 ; during the same year, he was elected to fill the 
vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge McKean in the State Senate of Iowa, 
and, in 1873, he was re-elected for the full term of four years. Mr. Lovell owns a large 
farm in Michigan and has other interests in that State. He is a man of rare correct- 
ness of judgment in business affairs and is actively identified with the interests of the 
city and county, and enjoys an enviable reputation wherever he is known. 

JOHjV jflc'CONNON, salesman and manager for William Proctor, general 
merchant, Monticello ; is a native of Massachusetts, and was born in the city of Boston, 
April 26, 1826 ; when 7 years of age, he went to Claremont, N. H., and grew up to 
manhood there ; he came West to Iowa, and arrived in Jones Co. in November, 1854, 
and located in Castle Grove Township, and engaged in forming ; he continued farming 
for fifteen years, then removed to Monticello, and since then has been engaged in bus- 
iness here. Mr. McConnon has held the office of Township Trustee, and has served 
in the City Council for seven years ; during the war, he was in the army, and served in 
Co. H, 31.st I. V. I. Soon after coming to Jones Co., Mr. McConnon was united in 
marriage to Miss Sallie A. Graham, a native of New Hampshire, April 8, 1855 ; they 
have five children — William G., Anna G., John A., Nellie and Frank G. 

JOHIV mAR^HAI^L, proprietor of saloon, Monticello ; is a native of 
Germany, and was born Bavaria Dec. 13, 1851 ; emigrated to America in 1863, and 
came to Iowa and located in Manchester, Delaware Co., and grew up to manhood there; 
he came to Monticello May 1, 1877, and since then has been engaged in business here. 
He married Miss Annie Rotes, from Prussia, April 26, 1872; they have one daughter 
— -Lizzie, born June 12, 1879. 

A. H. IflARVIlV, retired, Monticello; is a native of Columbia Co., N. Y., 
and was born Feb. 24, 1808; he grew up to manhood in Ontario Co., and, in 1832, 
removed to Ashtabula Co., Ohio, and lived there until the spring of 1855, when he 
came to Iowa and located in Jones Co., about two and one-half miles west of Monti- 
cello, and engaged in farming ; he continued farming and stock-raising for fifteen 
years, then moved in town, and since then he has resided here. He was a member of 
the last Constitutional Convention of Iowa, and was prominent in providing for our 
present educational system ; he has been a member of the School Board ever since the 
organization of the High School in Monticello ; has been Justice of the Peace, and held 
other town offices. In October, 1832, he was united in marriage to Miss Ann M. 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 675 

Rogers, a native of Ashtabula Co., Ohio; they have six children, five sons and one 
daughter — John A., Andrew J., Richard M., Fred L. and Charles E.; the daughter, 
Mary, lives at home ; two of the sons live in Iowa, one in Nebraska, one in Wisconsin 
and one in Ohio. They have had three sons in the army ; Andrew served in the Com- 
missary Department ; Richard and William enlisted and served in the 31st I. V. I., and 
William died during the siege of Vicksburg. They have lost two other sons — Lewis 
and Edgar. Mr. Marvin has been a man of influence wherever he has lived ; he is not 
aggressive, but is reliable, and is esteemed by all classes as a safe counselor. 

CHARliES E. ifXARVIX, proprietor of the Crescent Creameries, Mon- 
ticello ; is a native of the State of Ohio, and was born in Ashtabula Co., May 21, 
1847; his parents came to Iowa and located in Jones County when he was only 8 
years of age ; he grew up to manhood and received his education here ; iu February, 
1879, Mr. Marvin established the " Crescent Creamery," and, during the season, he has 
manufactured, on an average, 500 pounds of butter daily; he has just completed an 
artesian well at his creamery ; the creamery is entirely supplied from this well of soft 
water, thereby greatly improving the quality and flavor of the butter ; it is said to be 
the only creamery in the State supplied with water from an artesian well ; Mr. Mar- 
vin has enlarged his facilities for manufacturing butter, and, the coming season, will 
make 1,000 pounds daily; he ships his butter largely to Philadelphia, also to New 
York and Boston ; the butter from the Crescent Creamery has already an established 
reputation. Mr. Marvin was united in marriage to Miss Cora S. Moody Oct. 17, 1870; 
she is a daughter of John Moody, Esq., of Moaticello ; they have three children — 
Fred, Eva and Mabel. 

F. MERRIIIAN, physician and surgeon. Main street, Monticello ; is a 
native of Susquehanna Co., Penn., and was born Aug. 1, 1857 ; he grew up to man- 
hood in Ohio, and received his education in that State ; he began reading medicine ; in 
1853, he came to Iowa, and settled in Jones Co., and completed his medical studies and 
graduated in 1860, and since then he has practiced his profession in this county, and is 
one of the oldest physicians in practice in Monticello. He has held the office of County 
Surveyor. He married Mi.ss Annie Young, from Ohio, June 13, 1872 ; she came to 
this State when a small child ; they have one daughter — Ella May. 

J. W. IIERSHON, physician and surgeon, Monticello ; is a native of Lewis 
Co., Ky., and was born April 13, 1852 ; when 5 years of age, his parents came to Iowa, 
in 1857, and located in Jones Co.; he grew up to manhood and attended school here, 
and completed his literary education at Cornell College, Mount Vernon ; he studied 
medicine and graduated in Cincinnati Medical College in 187-i; he practiced medicine 
in Carroll Co., 111., at Lanark and Mount Carroll, and came to Jones Co., and located 
at Monticello in April, 1878, and since then has practiced his profession here. He 
married Miss Evadna B. Moff"att, from Cherry Grove, Carroll Co., 111., March 5, 187-4; 
they have three children — Frank, Fred and Grace. 

ALFRED S. MILLER, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
Marion Co., Ohio, in 1836 ; he is a son of James Miller, and brother of Isaac A. Miller. 
His father died in June, 1868. Mr. Miller was married to Jane Rolston, whose parents 
were early settlers of Jones Co.; they have six children. He enlisted in the 17th I. V. I., 
but was soon after discharged l)y reason of disability. Has 107 acres of land where he 
lives, also 87 acres in Richland Township. 

ISAAC A. MILLER, flxrmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
Ohio in 1840 ; his father, James Miller, removed to Cedar Co., Iowa, in 1844, and to 
Monticello Township in the spring of 1846, where he died in June, 1868. Mr. Miller 
was married to Cornelia Mundinger ; they have five children. He enlisted, in 1861, in 
the 9th I. V. I.; served two years ; was severely wounded at the battle of Pea Ridge ; 
participated in many other engagements of the war. He has 156 acres of land. 

W. A. MIRICK, homoeopathic physician and surgeon, Monticello ; is a 
native of Otsego Co., N. Y., and was born Jan. 8, 1853; his parents came to Iowa 
when he was only 5 years of age, in 1857, and located in Joaes Co.; he grew up and 
attended school here, and entered Cornell College at Mount Vernon, where he 



676 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

completed his literary education. He studied medicine, and graduated at Hahnemann 
Medical Colletre, Chicago, in the winter of 1876 and 1877, and since then he has suc- 
cessfully practiced his profession here. 

A. J. 3IOXKOE, attorney at law, Monticello ; is a native of Williamstown, 
Berkshire Co., Mass., and was born Oct. 7, 180G; when 11 years of age, his parents 
removed to Cayuga Co., N. Y., and he grew up to manhood and lived there until 1842, 
then removed to Pennsylvania ; he studied law in New York and Pennsylvania, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1843, nearly forty years ago. He was the first Representa- 
tive of the old Whig party elected to the State Legislature from the Wilmot District, 
in 1849 ; the following year, he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney from that district ; 
he practiced law in Pennsylvania until Augu-t, 1859, when he came to Jones Co., and 
since then has practiced here ; he held the office of AssistantAssessor of Internal Rev- 
enue, and holds the office of Justice of the Peace ; he is the oldest attorney in practice 
in Monticello. In 1843, he was united in marriage to Adelia Wood, from Putnam Co., 
N. Y.; they have five children — Augustus, Clarence, Herman, William and Edward, 
and has one son — Eugene, by a former wife ; he had three sons that served in the 
army — Eusene, Clarence and Augustus. 

JOHX HOOD Y, senior member of the firm of J. Moody & Sons, proprietors 
of the Red Star Creameries and dealers in fine creamery and dairy butter, Monticello; is a 
native of Yorkshire, Eng., and was born Dec. 24, 1821 ; when 14 years of age, he came to 
America; he came to Illinois and grew up to manhood there; in 1863, he came to 
Iowa and located in Delaware Co.; in 1868, he came to Jones Co. and engaged in buy- 
ing and shipping butter and eggs ; in the winter of 1878, he established the Red Star 
Creameries ; his butter has an established reputation and is shipped to Eastern markets; 
during last year, he paid out for butter and eggs, at his place of business, S63,000. In 
1844, Mr. Moody was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Adams, from Illinois; they 
have four sons and six dausrhters. 

JOSEPH S. M001>Y% of the firm of Moody Bros., dealers in dry-goods, 
notions and millinery, corner First and Cedar streets, Monticello; is a native of Illinois and 
was born in Cook Co. April 23, 1853 ; he grew up and attended school there, and came to 
Jones Co. and located in Monticello in 1872 ; he was in the post office for a time, and 
afterward entered the bank as book-keeper; in April, 1877, he associated with his 
brother and engaged in their present business ; they are the only exclusive dry-goods 
house in Monticello, and are building up a large trade. In 1878, he was united in mar- 
riage to Miss Julia Carpenter, daughter of Capt. M. L. Carpenter, President of the 
Monticello Bank. 

THOMAS A. .IIOOOY, of the firm of Moody Bros., dealers in dry 
goods, notions and millinery, Monticello; is a native of Cook County, 111., and was 
born August 10, 1847; he grew up to manhood in Illinois; became to Iowa and 
located in Monticello, and, in April, 1877 he associated with his brother in their present 
business. 

M. M. IHOUIiTOX, Monticello; is a native of Sandwich, Carroll Co., N. H.; was 
born Jan. 12, 1832 ; he grew up to manhood and received his education in that State; after 
reaching manhood, he came West to Dixon, 111., and remained two years, and, in 1856, 
he came to Iowa and located in Jones Co.; the following spring he came to Monticello. 
On Dec. 10, 1858, he was united in marriage to Miss Amelia McDonald, from Peter- 
boro. Province of Ontario ; she came to Iowa in 1856. Mr. Moulton engaged in 
the insurance business; he was appointed United States Commissioner in 1867, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1869; he was elected Mayor in 1869, and was re-elected in 
1870, without opposition ; since 1858, when the new school law was adopted, he has 
been connected continuously with the School Board over twenty-one years ; he was the 
first Secretary of the Board, in 1858, and has also served as President of the Board; 
very few men have been so closely identified with the educational interests of the city ; 
he holds the office of City Marshal, and is serving his fourth term. Mr. and Mrs. 
Moulton have six children, three sons and three daughters — Frank R., Amelia C, Mary 
E., George M., Montgomery M. and Jessie W. 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 677 

ALBEIRT XULIj, proprietor of saloon, Monticello ; is a native of Germany, 
and was born June 7, 1848 ; he came to America in 1857, when 9 years of age; he 
came to Iowa in 1863, and since then has lived in Jones Co.; he engaged in his present 
business in 1876. He married Miss Kate Wilson, from Philadelphia, in 1869 ; they 
have three children — Emma, Johnnie and Albert. 

REV. P. J. O'COXBfOR, Pastor of the Church of the Sacred Heart, 
Monticello; is a native of Eaton, Preble Co., Ohio, and was born June 2, 1854; he 
grew up and attended school in that State, and completed his education at the Semi- 
nary of Our Lady of Angels, at Niagara; he was Assistant Pastor of St. Mary's 
Church, at Clinton ; he came to Monticello Dec. 14, 1878, and since then has been 
Pastor of the Church here. 

BERNARD D. PAIXE, Mayor of Monticello, and member of the firm 
of Palmer & Paine, dealers in hardware, stoves and house-furnishing goods, Monticello; 
is a native of Herkimer Co., N. Y., and was born April 21, 1839; he grew up to 
manhood and lived there until 1869, when he came to Iowa and located in Delaware 
Co. and engaged in farming; he came to Jones Co. in 1876, and located in Monticello, 
and associated with Mr. L. Palmer in the hardware trade. He holds the ofiice of 
Mayor of the city; was elected in March, 1879 ; he has also served in the City Coun- 
cil. Upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted Oct. 8, 1861, in the 1st N. 
Y. Light x\rtillery, and served three years ; he was in the battle of Fair Oaks, and in 
the seven days' fight, siege of Suffolk and the battle of Yorktown. He was united in 
marriage to Miss Lucy Stanring, a native of Herkimer Co., N. 1^., Sept. 20, 1865 ; 
they have had two sons, only one of whom is living — Fillmore Ellsworth, born Aug. 
17, 1873, died Feb. 26, 1878; Howard, born July 4, 1874. 

IjEMAN PALHER, of the firm of Palmer & Paine, dealers in hardware 
and house-furnishing goods, Monticello ; is a native of Canaan, Litchfield Co., Conn., 
and was born Dec. 8, 1816; when 11 years of age his parents removed to Trumbull 
Co., Ohio . he grew up and lived there until 1862, when he came to Iowa and located 
in Jones Co., and engaged in farmiug and dairying for four years ; then engaged in 
business inoAnamosa for three years, when he came to Monticello, and since then he 
has been successfully engaged in business here and has built up a large trade. Mr. 
Palmer has held the offices of County Supervisor, City Treasurer and City Alderman. 
Mr. Palmer married Miss Priscilla Faunce, from North Carver, Mass. 

THOMAS J. PEAK, Monticello ; one of the oldest settlers in this section 
of Jones Co.; is a native of Cheshire Co., N. H., and was born Sept. 9, 1813; when 
7 years of age, he went to Vermont and grew up to manhood in that State ; coming 
West at an early age, he settled in Illinois, where he remained until 1837, when he 
came to Iowa with B. Beardsley ; they located claims in what is now Castle Grove 
Township ; they returned to Illinois for the winter, and in the following April they 
returned and took permmeut possession of their claims. On Christmas Day, 1839, Mr. 
Peak was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca M. Beardsley, a native of Delaware Co., 
N. Y., and the daughter of 13. Beardsley ; they were the firstcouple married in Jones 
Co.; a marriage license was not as easily procured then as it is now ; Mr. Peak had to 
go to Sugar Grove, Cedar Co., sixty-five miles, taking him four days to procure his 
license, but he felt well paid for his trouble ; they lived on the farm until the spring of 
1864, then came to Monticello and engaged in mercantile business and buying stock 
and grain for a few years ; after being in the lumber business a short time, he engaged 
in the grocery trade ; since coming to Monticello, he has visited at one time and another 
nearly every county in Iowa ; the result of his travels were presented at the time to 
the readers of the Monticello Express in several well-written and interesting letters. 
Mr. and Mrs. Peak have had five children— Francis, Maria A., now Mrs. Rosa, living 
in Chicago ; Rosalia E. and Andrew J.; they lost their oldest son— William W.; when 
the war broke out, he enlisted in 1861, in the 4th I. V. C; after being in the service 
about one year he came home, on account of sickness ; he remained an mvalid for 
three years and died of consumption in June, 1865, aged 26 years. There are only 
two others now living in this part of the county who have been here as long as Mr. 



678 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Peak ; he has carried dressed pork to Dubuque and sold it for SI per hundred, and 
wheat for 37^ cents per bushel ; there were plenty of Indians here when he first came, 
and he used to talk the Indian language ; there are few men of his age as active as he 
is who have been through the hardships of pioneer life. 

ff. ^, PIERCK, of the firm of H. D. Sherman & Co., proprietors of the 
Diamond Creameries, Monticello ; is a native of Tioga Co., N. Y., and was born Dec. 
24, 1837 ; his parents removed to Ohio when he was very young, where he lived until 
15 years of ase, then came to Michigan ; in 1859, he came to Iowa and located in 
Black Hawk Co. and lived there eight years, and, in 1867, he came to Jones Co. and 
located at Monticello in 1874; he associated with Mr. H. D. Sherman in 187-1, and 
since then they have carried on the butter and creamery business ; the Diamond Cream- 
eries have an enviable reputation and took the first prize against all competitors, at the 
International Dairy Fair. Mr. Pierce was in the army during the war ; he enlisted in 
the 31st I. V. I., Co. C ; he was in the service three years. He married Miss Kate 
C. Smith, from Albany Co., N. Y., Jan. 25, 1859 ; they have four children — Joseph 
A., Eugene H., George L. and Eva L. 

V. Cjr. POOHASKI, manufacturer of harness, Monticello ; was born in 
Austria June 20, 1844; he grew up there until 17 years of age, and emigrated to 
America in 1861 ; he came to Iowa and located in Cedar Rapids, and learned his trade 
of harness-maker there ; lived there eight years, and came to Jones Co. and located in 
Monticello July 6, 1869, and engaged in manufacturing harness, and he has built up a 
successful business ; he only had very little when he began business ; he now owns two 
houses and lots, and he built the store he now occupies in carrying on his business, 
during the present year — 1879; his success is owing to his industry and good man- 
agement. He belongs to the Order of Workmen. He married Mi.ss Annie Simberski. 
a native of Austria, July 22, 1868; they have four children — Frank, Joe, Willie and 
Eddie. 

F, REICHKXBACH, dealer in boots and shoes, Monticello ; is a native 
of Switzerland, and was born July 8, 1843; his father emigrated to this country in 
1851, and came to Iowa, and, five years later, he followed him, and came to this State, 
and arrived in Dubuque June 21, 1857; he came to Jones Co. the same year, and 
grew up in Richland Township; in 1865, he came to Monticello, and learned the boot 
and shoe business ; in March, 1873, he engaged in business for himself, and has con- 
tinued since then, and has built up a good trade. He married Miss Mary A. Ogden, 
from Monticello, Oct. 2(1, 1875. 

GILBERT RICE, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Monticello; was born in Onon- 
daga Co., N. v., in 1806. He was married in Alleghany Co., to Remembrance Jones, 
born in Cortland Co., N. Y.; they removed to Illinois in 1854; came to Monticello in 
1855; settled on present farm in 1862; has eight sons and two daughters; the 
youngest son, Norwin, born in 1852, now residing at the homestead with his father, 
married Mary Anthony, of Wisconsin ; they have two children — John and Ralph. 

LiUCIAN RICE, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie; was born in 
Worcester Co., Mass., in 1808; he engaged in teaching when a young man. and fol- 
lowed this occupation as a profession till 44 years of age. He went to Kentucky in 
1839 ; in 1843, he came to Fort Madison, Iowa, where he was engaged in teaching for 
four years ; thence to Dubuque, for five years ; he came to his present location in 1852, 
and engaged in farming. His first wife was Elizabeth Allen, of Worcester, Mass.; she 
died in 1866. His present wife was Mrs. Hannah Hall, whose maiden name was Sax- 
gent, born in New Hampshire. Mr. Rice has four children by his first marriage — 
Mary E. A. Averill, Kate Conditt, George F. and Charles C. ; has two daughters by 
his second marriage — Carrie E. and Josephine C. Has 152 acres of land. He and 
wife are Methodists. 

DAVID ROLSTON, farmer. Sec. 14; P. 0. Monticello; born in Rock- 
ingham Co., Va., Dec. 18, 1814; he went to Montgomery Co., Ohio, in 1835. He 
married in 1837 to Phebe Climmer, who was born in Montgomery Co.; in January, 1838, 
they removed to Kosciusko Co., Ind., where they lived fifteen years ; came to Jones 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 679 

Co. in the fall of 1853, and settled on the farm now owned by Mr. Hofacre, of Mon- 
ticello Township ; also bought and improved the farm now owned by Elias Smith ; set- 
tled on present farm in 1865. Have seven children — Martha J., David, John, Ellen, 
Julia A., Mary A. V. and William ; lost three children — Jacob (enlisted in the 17th 
I. V. I., and was killed at battle of Mission Ridge) ; lost two daughters, Eliza J. and 
Sarah. Mr. and Mrs. Rolston belong to the United Brethren Church. 

JONATHAN B. RO.S^, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello ; was born 
in Herkimer Co., N. Y., Dec. 27, 1811 ; in the spring of 18.^5, he came to Jones Co. 
and settled on the form now owned by Mr. John Huntoon, of Richland Township ; 
afterward built the house where Mr. Joseph Hickman now lives, and which he con- 
ducted as a hotel for four or five years ; settled where he now lives in the spring of 
1867; was fur many years engaged in the dairying and cheese business. His wife was 
Elizabeth A. Kinney, of Herkimer Co.; she died in July, 186-4; Mr. Ross has twelve 
children — five sons and seven daughters. 

ISAAC RUSSELL/, physician and surgeon, Monticello; is a native of 
Scotland and was born Oct. 8, 18'23, about six miles north of the Roman Wall, built by 
the Romans, between the Frith of Forth and the Frith of Clyde ; he received his aca- 
demic education at the Perth Academy, and his collegiate education at the Edinburgh 
University ; he was very fond of study and graduated with the first honors of his 
class; he studied medicine there and graduated in 1843; immediately thereafter, he 
was appointed House Surgeon of the Royal Infirmary, and filled that position for six 
years ; he held the position of Staff Surgeon for Gen. Bem during the Hungarian war ; 
in 1851, he came to America in company with Gen. Bem and Louis Kossuth, return- 
ing to Scotland the same year; in 1853, he again returned to America and located in 
Brooklyn, N. Y., less than one year; he also lived in Buffalo, Chicago and Rockford, 
and in June, 1855, came to Iowa and located in Dubuque; in 1857, he located near 
Independence, in Buchanan Co.; in 1860, he came to Jones Co. and located at Monti- 
cello, and since then has successfully practiced his profession here. In 1860, Dr. Rus- 
sell was united in marriage to Miss Agnes Hay, a native of Scotland. When Dr. 
Russell first came to Iowa there was but one regular pharmacist in the whole State, 
and he was in the employ of Timothy Mason, of Dubuque. 

ROBERT A. RYNERSON, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; 
was born in Mercer Co., Ky., in 1823 ; his father, Jacob Rynerson, removed from Ken- 
tucky to Indiana in 1332; Mr. Rynerson went to Grant Co., Wis., April, 1845; in 
August of that year, he came to Richland Township, Jones Co., and entered a tract of 
land on Sec. 4, where he established a nursery ; this was one of the finest nurseries in 
the State, and the first one north of Davenport. In 1849, he removed his nursery to 
his present location, which he had purchased in the fall of 1847 ; he has always been 
deeply interested in fruit culture, and has contributed his full share, both in theory and 
practice, toward making fruit-growing in this part of the State a success. He was 
married in 1853 to Rachel J. McVay, a native of Ohio and of Quaker parentage ; they 
have seven children — Thomas J., Frances A., Laura C., Cassius Clay, Mary I., Edith 
A. and Luella ; lost four children in infancy. Mr. Rynerson has 360 acres of land ; is 
engaged in farming and stock-raising. 

S. E, SARLES, of the firm of S. E. Sarles & Co., dealers in lumber, shin- 
gles, sash, doors and blinds, Monticello; is a native of Dutchess Co!, N. Y., and was 
born Nov. 18, 1839 ; he came West at an early age, to Wiscon.-in, and grew up to man- 
hood in that State ; he came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello in the spring of 
1877, and engaged in the lumber business and is building up a good trade; he has 
been connected with the lumber business since 1856. During the war, he enlisted and 
served in the 46th 111. V. I. He holds the office of City Councilman. He mar- 
ried Mi.ss Sarah Patterson, from Xeccdah, Wis., Nov. 1, 1877; they have one son — 
Fred P. 

H. SCHIPMAX, merchant tailor, Monticello , is a native 'of Germany and 
was born Nov. 6, 1852 ; when 15 years of age he emigrated to America, in 1867 ; he 
came West to Wisconsin and grew up to manhood and learned the business of merchant 



680 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

tailor; he came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello May 17, 1878, and engaged in 
his present business and built up a good trade. In December, 1877, he married Miss 
Mary Minkner, from Wisconsin. 

H. D. I§>I1KRMAX, of the firm of H. D. Sherman & Co., proprietors of 
the Diamond Creameries, Monticello; is a native of Litchfield Co., Conn., and was born 
Oct. 8. 1824; he grew up to manhood and received his education in that State, 
completing it at the State Normal School ; he then engaged in teaching, and taught 
seven years in Connecticut, and also taught in New Jersey, Ohio and Illinois; he came to 
Jones Co., in 1859, and taught school in Anamosa for two years, and, in 1861, he came 
to Monticello and engaged in teaching for some years ; he was elected Superintendent 
of Schools for Jones Co., and held that ofiice for two years ; in 1863, he engaged in buy- 
ing and shipping butter and eggs, and for three years, while teaching, he handled, 
mornings, evenings, and Saturdays, all the butter and eggs that came to Monticello ; he 
established his first creamery four years ago, and he now operates three creameries 
receiving 27,000 pounds of milk and making 1,100 pounds of butter daily. The butter 
made at his Diamond Creamery received the first premium at the international fair 
against all competitors from the IJnited States, Canada and Great Britain. H. D. Sherman 
was united in raarriasre, April 6, 1863, to Miss Sarah Sechrist, a native of Indiana ; she is a 
daughter of Joseph A. Sechrist, one of the early settlers of Jones Co. Mr. and Mrs. 
Sherman have one son and one daughter — Ernest A. and p]dith A. 

JOHN W. SKEI^LY, farmer, stock-raiser and dairyman, Sec. 22; P. 0. 
Monticello ; is a native of Indianapolis, Ind., and was born in 1828 ; his parents came 
to Iowa in 1842, and settled in Jones Co.. on the place where he now lives ; they were 
early settlers here ; there were only two log houses in Monticello at that time ; he grew 
up to manhood here, and when only 19 years of age, began for himself and began mak- 
ing a farm, and since then has been engaged in farming and stock-raising; he is now 
largely engaged in the dairy business, and milks from seventy-five to one hundred cows ; 
when he begun life, he had but very little, but, by industry and good management, he 
has been very successful, and now owns 500 acres of good land, well improved, and also 
owns several houses and lots in Monticello ; he lost several thousand dollars by the tor 
nado, which occurred in October, 1878; he has held the oflSce of Township Trustee. In 
1859, he married Miss Cornelia Webster, from St. Joseph Co., Ind. ; they have six 
children — Elizabeth, John, Lilly, Evalina, Nevada and Ernest. 

JA]«ES SKELLY, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Monticello; is a native of 
Marion Co., Ind., and was born Feb. 13, 1841 ; his parents came to Iowa when he was 
very young; they came in 1842, and located in Jones Co., close to Monticello; he grew 
up to manhood here. When the war broke out, he enlisted, in the fall of 1861, in Co. 
I, 26th I. V. I ; he was in the battles of Prairie Grove, Vicksburg, Yazoo City, Mobile, 
and others, besides fights and skirmishes ; he was taken prisoner at Morgan's Bend, Sept. 
29, 1860, and was held a prisoner for ten months, and was horribly treated and sufi'ered 
everything, but lived through it and was exchanged July 4, 1864; he was in the ser- 
vice three and a half years; he returned and engaged in farming, and owns 120 acres 
of land just outside of the city limits. In 1867, he married Miss Sarah Ely, a native 
of Pennsylvania ; they have four children — William H., Alva G., James D. and Mattie 
May ; they have lost one daughter — Nellie May. 

D. SLAI^SOj^, manufacturer of butter-tubs and firkins, Monticello; is a 
native of Fulton Co.; N. Y., and was born Feb. 20, 1824; he was brought up and 
learned his trade in New York State ; he came to Iowa in December, 1872, and located 
in Delaware Co.; he remained there one year ; he returned to Jones Co. and located at 
Monticello ; and since then has carried on his business here, except eighteen months in 
the same business at Ottumwa ; he employs from five to fifteen men ; he manufactures 
butter-tubs of a superior quality, and does the largest business in his line west of Chi- 
cago, having a capacity to make 500 tubs daily. In 1848, he married Miss Jane H. 
Darrow, from Oswego Co., N. Y.; they have two sons — Byron J. and Dennis N. 

HENRY i). SMITH, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Monticello; is a native of 
Salem, Ma.ss., and was born Sept. 23, 1818 ; when 7 years of age, his father removed to 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 683 

Utica, N. Y., and he grew up to manhood in that State ; he came to Iowa in 1856, and 
located in Jones Co., on Bowen's Prairie, and engaged in farming; in 1869, he removed 
to where he now Uves, in the suburbs of Monticello ; he owns a good farm, well improved, 
which joins the city limits. He has held the oflfice of County Surveyor, and has held 
town and school offices. In 1840, he married Miss Harriet Campbell, from Paris, N. 
Y.; they have had six children, four of whom survive — Douglass H., Laura C, Dwight 
S. and Sarah L., all livins; in this State. 

GEORGE NNOWDEN, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. O. Bowen's Prairie ; was born 
in County Monaghan, Ireland, in May, 1814 ; he emigrated to Philadelphia in 1832 ; 
went to Dubuque, Iowa, in 1833, where he lived four years, engaged in mining and 
smelting ore. He returned to Philadelphia and married Eliza Boyd, also a native of 
Ireland, after which he lived in Dubuque one year ; then came to Jones Co. and entered 
a farm in Richland Township, where he lived ten or twelve years ; then returned to 
Dubuque County and settled in Whitewater Township ; came to present location in 
1875. 

THEODORE SOETJE, of the firm of Soetje & Tiarks, dealers in 
drugs, paints, oils, books and stationery, wall paper, Monticello; is a native of Schleswig 
Holstein, Germany, and was born Aug. 16, 1841 ; he grew up to manhood there, and 
emigrated to America in 1862 ; he came to Lyons, Iowa, and remained there four years 
and came to Jones Co. and located in Monticello in November, 1866 ; he engaged in his 
present business, and has continued in it very successfully since then, and has built up 
a large and desirable trade ; in 1869, he built the store he now occupies, and, in 

1877, he built the store adjoining on the east, and, in 1876, he built a large 
and commodious dwelling, one of the finest in the city. When Mr. Soetje came 
to this country, he only had $50, and his success in life is owing entirely to 
his good management and attention to business. He has lield the office of City Treas- 
urer two years, and is a Director of the Monticello Bank. He married Miss Anna 
Oswold, a native of Prussia, in Linn Co., Iowa, May 3, 1866 ; they have three children — 
Edward, Oscar and Alberti. 

K^. P. STARKS, manufiicturer and dealer in furniture, Monticello ; is a 
native of Clinton Co., N. Y., and was born Aug. 5, 1830 ; he grew up to manhood 
there, and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. He was united in marriage to 
Miss Clarinda Peak, from New York, Feb. 5, 1857 ; they came to Iowa and arrived in 
Jones Co. the following July ; he engaged in contracting and building ; he was the first 
contractor here in Monticello ; he continued building until eight years ago ; he was for 
two years Superintendent in charge of the erection of the Agricultural College Build- 
ings at Ames ; he was engaged in the grocery business for several years, and, in June, 

1878, engaged in the furniture business. Mr. and Mrs. Starks have two children — 
Charles H. and Neva A. Mr. Starks has served as member of the City Council. 

STEPHEN STARKS, proprietor of the Dexter livery and boarding sta- 
ble, Monticello; is a native of Franklin Co., N. Y., and was born in June, 1834; he 
grew up to manhood there and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner ; in 1855, he 
came West to Illinois, and, in 1857, he came to Iowa and located in Jones Co.. and 
engaged in building and contracting; he continued in that business until 1868, when he 
engaged in his present business ; he has the oldest livery business in Monticello. He 
married Miss Elizabeth Chamberlain, a native of New York State, June 5, 1856; she 
came West to Illinois when quite small ; they have two children — Edward and Bertie. 

MRS. MARY ANN STONE, widow of Curtis Stone, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
Monticello. Mr. Stone was born in Cheshire Co., N. H., Oct. 26, 1819 ; he came to 
Bowen's Prairie in the fall of 1851, and purchased a part of the farm now owned by 
Mrs. Stone; he returned East in October, 1853, and was married in November of that 
year to Miss Mary Burton, his present widow, of Windsor Co., Vt., and at once located 
on his farm on Bowen's Prairie ; he died Oct. 11, 1879. Mrs. Stone has three daugh- 
ters — Ruby M. Ketcham, resides in Cass Township ; Clara E., and Hettie D., now 
Mrs. Charles M. Brown. Mrs. Stone has 220 acres of land. She is a member of the 
Congregational Church, as was her husband. 

V 



684 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

J. R. STILiLi^HAlV, insurance agent and Notary Public, Monticello ; is a 
native of Litchfield Co., Conn., and was born Aug. 18, 1831 ; he grew up and received 
his education there ; in 1855, came to Michigan and remained one year ; in 1856, came 
to Iowa and located in Jones Co. and engaged in teaching. During the war, he entered 
the army in 1862, enlisting in Co. B, 9th I. V. I.; he was on detached service in the 
Quartermaster's Department at division headquarters most of the time ; he re-enlisted 
as a veteran. After the war, he returned to Monticello, and since 1869 he has been 
engaged in the insurance business. He held the office of County Superintendent of 
Schools for several years ; has held the office of Justice of the Peace, and is now City 
Recorder ; he held the office of Town Clerk for several years. He was united in mar- 
riage, Oct. 29, 1856, to IMiss Elizabeth M. Cowles, from Litchfield Co., Conn. 

CptEORCtE STUHLER, dealer in boots and shoes, Monticello; is a native 
of Germany and was born April 11, 1822 ; he grew up to manhood and learned his 
business there; he emigrated to America in 1849; the following year, in 1850, he 
came to Ljwa and located in Muscatine and lived there five years ; then came to Canton, 
Jackson Co., and lived there five years; he came to Monticello and established his 
present business, and has built up a large trade and is the oldest boot and shoe house in 
Monticello. He married Miss Catharine Eistz, a native of Germany, March 2, 1852; 
they have three children — George, engaged in the grocery trade ; William, in the store 
with his lather, and Fred, at home. They attend the Congregational Church. 

BRAI>JLEY STUART, attorney at law and Justice of the Peace, Monti- 
cello; is a native of Columbia Co., N. Y., and was born October 10, 181-1; from an 
early age, he was brought up in the State of Connecticut; he came to Iowa June 1, 
1857, and located in Jones Co.; engaged in farming near town and continued for eight 
years and then moved in town. In 1864, he enlisted in Co. D, 9th I. V. I., and served 
under Gen. Sherman ; he was in the battles of Resaca, Atlanta and in all the battles 
to Savannah. After the war closed, he returned here; in the fall of 1874 he was 
elected Justice of the Peace and was afterwards re-elected to the same office. In 1838, 
he married Ann Murray, in Erie Co., N. Y.; she was a native of England. 

HENRY SlIHR, furniture dealer, Monticello ; was born in Prussia Nov. 10, 
1830; he grew up to manhood and learned his business there ; he emigrated to Amer- 
ica in 1861 ; he lived in Peekskill, N. Y.; he came to Jones Co., Iowa, in 1871 and 
located at Monticello and engaged in the furniture business ; he has built up a good 
trade and does the leading business here ; during the present year, he built the brick 
store he now occupies. In April, 1860, he married Johanna Rohn, from Prussia; they 
have five children — Max, Johanna, Lena, Matilda and George. 

EI) n, THO:»IPSON, of the firm of J. H. Bacher & Co., dealers in drugs, 
medicines, books and stationery, Monticello ; is a native of Lincolnshire, Eng., and was 
born Sept. 1, 1846 ; his parents came to America when he was only 6 years of age and 
located in Illinois, and then came to Delaware Co., Iowa; in 1862, he came to Jones 
Co. and has since then lived in this county ; he was engaged in the grocery trade for 
two years, and afterward associated with J. H. Bacher in the drug business. He was 
united in marriage to Miss Fannie C. Bacher, a native of AUentown, Lehigh Co., Penn., 
April 21. 1871 ; they have one daughter — Edna G. 

D. C. TICE, carriage manufacturer, Monticello ; is a native of Clermont Co., 
Ohio, and was born March 20, 1825 ; he grew up to manhood in Ohio, and learned his 
trade in Cincinnati and lived there until 1855, when he came to Iowa and located in 
Jones Co,; he arrived here April 15; he began working at his trade at Fairview ; in 
1856, he located in Anamosa and engaged in his business there ; he carried on his busi- 
ness there about twenty-two years, and, in 1878, came to Monticello and established his 
business here ; he was the oldest carriage manufacturer in Anamosa, and is now the old- 
est in Jones Co.; he has held the office of City Councilman. In 1847, he married 
Elizabeth Lewis, from Ohio; she died in 1861, leaving six children — Charles, Albert- 
ine, Thomas, George and Archie ; they lost one daughter — Isabel; in 1862, Mr. Tice 
married Miss Sarah H. Hoyt, from Pennsylvania; she is a niece of Gov. Hoyt, of that 
State ; she is also a half-cousin to Gen. Sherman. Mr. Tice grew up in the same county 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 685 

•with Gen. Grant, and was well acquainted with the family and Gen. Grant's father 
visited him while living in Anamosa. 

W. TOWJVK, photographic artist, Monticello ; is a native of Hampshire Co., 
Mass., and was born March 21, 1841 ; when 6 years of age, his parents came West 
to Illinois, and settled in Kane Co.; lie grew up in that State and learned photographing ; 
in 1866, he came to Iowa and located in Monticello, and engaged in mercantile busi- 
ness; after two years, he was burned out, and afterward engaged in photographing; he 
owns 320 acres of land in Nebraska. He married Miss Julia A. Adams, from Geneva, 
111., in December, 1864; she died Nov. 5, 1871, leaving two children — Celia and Horace ; 
Jan. 1, 1873, he married Miss M. A. Lobdell, from Illinois, a native of Connecticut; 
they have one daughter — P]tta. 

F. J. TRYON, dealer in groceries and provisions, Monticello ; is a native of 
Litchfield Co., Conn., and was born April 14, 1825; he grew up to manhood there; 
lived in New York State five years, and came to Iowa in 1854, and located in Jones 
Co.; after he arrived here, his goods did not come, and he went to Warren, 111., on foot, 
about seventy miles, to look them up ; they did not reach him for three months ; he 
engaged in farming ; one year he sold 600 bushels of splendid wheat for 30 cents a 
bushel ; he made more money when he first came, in hunting during the winter, than he 
did all the year on his farm. He was an excellent marksman, and very rarely did a 
deer escape his unerring aim ; he would earn $5 every day he was out hunting, and has 
made $27 in one day with his rifle ; on his way to Dubuque, and without getting out 
of his sleigh, he has shot enough chickens and quail on the way to pay all of his expenses 
for the trip ; he has killed over two hundred deer. He continued farming twelve years, 
then came to Monticello and engaged in the insurance business ; was elected Justice of the 
Peace, and afterward engaged in mercantile business ; he held the ofiice of Justice of the 
Peace in Clay Township for ten years, and also school ofiices ; he was elected the first 
City Recorder here ; he was elected Mayor of Monticello in 1877, and has served in 
the City Council most of the time since he came here. He married Miss Matilda How- 
ard, from Tioga Co., N. Y., Dec. 30, 1852 ; they have two children, daughters — Ella 
and Alice. 

CHARLfil^ E. WAIiES, buyer and shipper of grain and stock, Monti- 
cello ; is among the most active energetic business men in Jones Co. or in this section 
of the State ; he is a native of Claremont, N. H., and was born July 15, 1834 ; when 
17 years of age, he went to Boston and remained several years; in 1855, he came 
West to Iowa, locating at Dubuque ; in 1858, he came to Jones Co., located at Monti- 
cello and engaged in the mercantile business ; he has been in the stock and grain bus- 
iness over twenty years, and for many years has been extensively engaged in buying and 
shipping grain and stock. He has held the office of Mayor of Monticello ; he has been 
repeatedly urged to accept the nomination for Representative to the State Legislature 
and other offices, but he has steadily refused, having no taste for office, and his large 
business interests demand his attention. He was united in marriage to Miss Calista I. 
Houghton, of Avon Springs, N. Y., July 18, 1859; they have one daughter — Clara A. 

HON. OTIS WHITTJEi!IORE, of Monticello, Iowa, was born in Fitz- 
william, Cheshire Co., N. H., March 5, 1816; he is a lineal descendant, on the mater- 
nal side, of William Locke, who embarked from the port of London for America on 
the 22d of March, 1634; he was the youngest child of William Snow Whittemore ; 
his mother, Molly (Locke) Whittemore, was daughter of William Locke, of Fitzwill- 
iam, Cheshire Co., N. H.; Mr. Whittemore has an old account-book kept by his grand- 
father, William Locke, which shows that, after the battle of Lexington, in 1775, Mr. 
Locke was called to Cambridge to aid in protecting Government stores — " powder and 
provisions;" the account-book makes a memorandum of his going on the 20th of April, 
1775 — ne.xt day after the battle of Lexington ; his return to his home in safety is also 
noted. Mr. Whittemore's ancestors, on both sides, were quite active in aiding to secure 
our national independence; Mr. Whittemore has a book, printed by an ancestor in 1617, 
which contains the family genealogy for several generations in America; it also contains 
an able exposition of Colossians, and is dedicated by the reverend writer to an English 



686 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

nobleman. During his entire minority, Mr. Whittemore lived with his father upon the 
home farm, but, in the mean time, he obtained a practical education in the excellent 
public schools of his native town. He was married, Aug. 31, 18-41, to Miss Harriet 
M. Eaton, of Fitzwilliam, Cheshire Co., N. H. The great-great-grandfather of Mr. 
and Mrs. Otis Whittemore was one and the same personage, namely, James Locke, 
born Nov. 14, 1G77 — the eighth child of Deacon William Locke, of Woburn, Mass., 
the founder of the Locke family in America. In 1843, the westward tide of emigra- 
tion brought many sturdy pioneers beyond the Mississippi, and landed them in the 
beautiful Iowa country; which now contains the homes and marts of an intelligent, enter- 
prising and freedom-loviug commonwealth ; in that year, he, with his worthy wife, 
began Western life at Bowen's Prairie, Jonf s Co., Iowa. His small " claim" was afterward 
increased to fully two hundred choice acres, whereon he erected a substantial farm- 
house, which still stands ; his home was on or near the military road between Dubuque 
and Iowa City, and pioneer life was frequently enlivened by seeing Government troops 
and the munitions of war pass their prairie settlement ; Mr. Whittemore built the first 
frame house in the settlement, and afterward erected the first frame schoolhouse in the 
county that was built by taxation, and was actively instrumental in the erection of a 
church within a few rods of his dwelling; in 1844, next year after his arrival, he, with 
others, built a church at Cascade, where he continued his membership until the church 
at Bowen's Prairie was built ; in common with other beginners, his first efi'orts at farm- 
ing were in the line of grain-raising, but soon changed to the more profitable one of 
stock-raising, in which he took a commendable pride ; for fifteen years, he was in 
demand as a carpenter ; his trade and his farm combined to tax his energy and indus- 
try ; in 1854, he platted the town of Bowen's Prairie, and duly recorded the .same in 
the Clerk's Office, and even sold some " corner lots," but the town stubbornly refused to 
graduate into a. city; about this date, he engaged in merchandising, and continued 
therein for five years. From the organization of the first temperance society in Jones 
Co., at Bowen's Prairie, in 1844, to the present time, Mr. AVhittemore has been an 
active, consistent temperance man. He was a member of the Iowa House of Repre- 
sentatives during the years 18G2 and 18G3, and to his earnest and skillful 
opposition we are largely indebted for the defeat of the huge petition for the 
repeal of the prohibitory licjuor law. From early manhood, he has been a firm 
opponent of American slavery ; his time, his money, his voice and his votes 
have always been in the interest of freedom and loyalty, benevolence and 
humanity ; whether in private life or in official station, he was always the 
liberal friend of the soldiers. His fellow-citizens accord him the honor of perfect 
integrity and faithfulness in all positions of trust. His high sense of duty and love 
of justice render him reliable both in the commonalities of life and in the greatest 
emergencies. His sacrifices in the past to meet actual or implied obligations prove that 
a part of his religion is to pay his debts — to " owe no man an v thing." Mr. Whitte- 
more has sold his farm at Bowen's Prairie, and, for the last nine years, has been a 
respected resident of Monticello. His present home, erected by him.self, is located upon 
a beautiful eminence, commanding a charming view of Monticello and the surrounding 
country. His residence, while being far from palatial, is in striking contrast to his 
early log cabin on the prairie ; and his present furniture is more artistic, if it is not 
more substantial than that which decorated his cabin home ; fence-rails — forest timber — 
were the material of wliich he coastructeJ his first furniture. Some specimens still 
remain to remind him of his .skill as a mechanic and his experience as a pioneer. The 
hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. Wliittemore is proverbial. The " latch-string is out," and 
a hearty welcome greets all wiio have any reason to ask of them a temporary home. 
Early settlers and pioneer preachers have special cause to remember the hospitable 
cabin of the Whittemores. They have had no children of their own, but have adopted 
several, who have now attained their majority and are well settled in life. He is 
a friend of education, public-spirited, willing to suffer for the general welfare. 
Republican to the core, he nevertheless contemns the mere politician who resorts 
to " ways that are dark and tricks that are vain," in order to accomplish partisan 



MONTICELLO TOWNSHIP. 687 

purposes. He is ever ready to battle in all honorable ways 'for the success of his 
principles. For many years, he has been actively identified with the Conirregational 
Church and Sabbath school, but is not a member of any secret organization. He is a lib- 
eral patron of several societies designed to promote the moral and religious elevation of the 
race. Respected by the community, with a fair competency and with diminished cares, 
he and his estimable wife are nearing life's sunset, beyond which lies the crown of life 
eternal. 

Cjt. H. white, bee keeper and retired farmer, Monticello ; he was born in 
Gallia Co., Ohio, Aug. 5, 1818 ; grew up to manhood in that State ; in 1842, he came 
to Iowa, stopped in Cedar Co. over one year, then came to Jones Co. and located on 
Bowen's Prairie in March, 1844, and commenced makinir a farm and entered the land 
when it came into market. He was one of the early settlers in this county; when he 
came here, he had nothing and was S9 in debt, and his neighbors predicted that he would 
starve out on the prairie, but he did not starve, and now owns 400 acres of good land ; 
he has sold dressed pork for $1 per cwt., and wheat for 30 cents per bushel, which only 
netted him 20 cents. He is extensively engaged in bee culture, and is one of the most 
practical bee-keepers in this part of the State ; he has from 75 to 100 stands of bees, 
which make from 75 to 125 pounds of honey yearly, from each hive; he extracts the 
honey and puts it up in jars for the market. While living in Ohio (1 840), Mr.White mar- 
ried Nancy Eleanor Gibson, from Gallia Co., Ohio ; she died in September, 1874, leaving 
six children — Alfred and John, farmers here, Lucinda and Amelia, livina' in Oakland, 
Cal., Amanda and Kozetta, living in Nebraska. In November, 1877, Mr. White mar- 
ried Mrs. Eleanor E,. Leman ; she was born in March, 1827, and came to Iowa in 1857 ; 
she owns a farm of eightv acres. 

JOHN W. WHITE, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in the 
State of Pennsylvania in 1811 ; his parents removed to Butler Co., Ohio, when he was 
a child ; thence to Montgomery Co., Ind.; thence to St. Joseph Co., Ind. IMr. White 
was married to Elizabeth Elmore, of Montgomery Co., Ind.; they came to Jones Co. 
in October, 1850, settled on present farm of 1G5 acres in October, 1852 ; have two 
children — Jennie M. and Alice M. His son, Charles H., enlisted in March, 1862, in 
the 17tli I. V. I., and died at St. Louis, May 4, of the same year. Members of the 
Congregational Church. 

"WILLIAM WHITE, proprietor of the Palmer House, Monticello ; is a 
native of Butler Co., Ohio, and was born June 17, 1825 ; his parents removed to Indi- 
ana when he was quite small, and he grew up to manhood there ; in 1852, he went to 
California and was engaged in the stock business there; he remained in California and 
Oregon fourteen years. In 1866, he came to Iowa and located in Jones Co. and 
engaged in farming and stock-raising, and continued until 1876, when he came to 3Ion- 
ticello and bought the hotel property known as the Palmer House, and on the 1st of 
January, 1867, he married Miss Mary White, from Indiana; they have four children 
— Nellie E., Schuyler Colfax, Jennie and Alice. 

ROBERT WILSON, firmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
Lancaster Co.. Penn., in 1826. He was married to Catherine Trainor ; came to Jipnes 
Co. in May, 1852, and settled in Richland Township; came to his present location ia 
the fall of 1854 ; his firm contains 340 acres. He has ten children — Anna Belle, 
George W., Franklin, Thomas J., Kate, Mary J., p]mma, Lincoln, Ella and Gertrude. 
Mr. Wilson owns an improved farm of 400 acres in Sac Co., Iowa. 

J. Q. WINtw, attorney at law, Monticello ; is a native of Washington Co., 
N. Y., and was born Sept. 22, 1846; he grew up and attended school there, going 
through Washington Academy, at Cambridge ; he then entered Fort Edward Collegiate 
Institute; then attended the Normal College at Poultney, Vt.; he completed his edu- 
cation and graduated from the Law Department of the State University of Michigan 
in 1872. He engaged in the practice of law in Chicago. In January, 1873, he came 
to Jones Co. and located at Monticello, and since then has practiced his profession here. 
He holds the office of City Attorney. During the last year of the war, he raised a 
regiment, and, upon its organization, he was elected and commissioned Colonel, but the 



688 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

regiment was not called into the field ; Mr. Wing organized Co. D of the 9th I. N. 
G., and at the late election was chosen Colonel of the 9th I. N. G. In September, 
1873, he was united in marriage to Miss Lulu A. Finke, from Savanna, Carroll Co., 
111.; they have one daughter — Florence A. 

J. C>r. WOOD, City Weighmaster, Monticello ; was born in St. Lawrence 
Co., N. Y., Aug. 31, 1817 ; he grew up to manhood and lived there until 1842 ; then 
came to Wisconsin and lived in Walworth Co. until 1867 ; then came to Jones Co. 
He holds the office of City Weighmaster, and is serving his fifth year ; he has held 
town offices in Wi.scon.sin. He married Miss A. C. Mills, a native of Massachusetts, 
in 1811 ; they have two children — Frank G. and Elmer G. 

H. jfl. WRICjJHT, of the firm of Wright & Dewey, dealers in drugs and 
medicines, Monticello ; is a native of Hartford Co., Conn., and was born May 22, 1837 ; 
he grew up to manhood there ; in 1857, he came to Michigan and lived in Adrian two 
years ; then came to Jones Co. and located at Monticello and engaged in mercantile 
business, and since 1869 he has been engaged in the drug, book and stationery busi- 
ness. He has held the offices of Town Clerk, City Recorder and is now a member of 
the School Board. He married Miss Ellen M. Dewey, daughter of D. S. Dewey, an 
old and honored settler of Jones Co.; they have two children — one daughter, Kittie 
May, and one son, Harry. 

JAMES \OUNCir, wagon and carriage maker. Monticello; is a native of 
Scotland, and was born July 29, 1838 ; when 17 years of age, he came to Canada, 
where he learned the business of carriage and wagon making; in 1860, he came to the 
United States; he came west to Iowa and located at Anamosa in February, 1865; he 
came to Monticello the same year, and since then has carried on his business here. He 
married Miss Margaret Rhea, a native of Scotland, Jan. 22, 1867 ; they have four 
children — James, Ellon, Henry and Margaret. 

PETER YOUXCjt, blacksmith, Monticello ; is a native of Scotland, and was 
born Sept. 11, 1840; he came to Canada when 15 years of age, in 1855 ; he learned 
the trade of blacksmith; in 1865, he came to Jones Co., Iowa, and located ac Ana- 
mosa ; he remained there over two years, and, in 1867, came to Monticello, and since 
then he has been engaged in business here. He married Mrs. Catharine Hogan, a 
native of Ireland, Sept. 13, 1868; they have five children — Ellen, William, Catherine, 
Peter and Frank. 

SILAS M. YORAX, farmer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
Herkimer Co., N. Y., in 1835 ; he came to Bowen's Prairie in September, 1855 ; during 
the following winter was engaged at Decorah in the interests of Eastern land purchas- 
ers ; thence to Hopkinton, Delaware Co., where he was engaged in merchandising for 
about one year ; in the spring and summer of 1857 was engaged at Sioux City, in the 
interests of land purchasers ; in 1858, located at Sand Springs, Delaware Co., and 
engaged in a general business ; in the spring of 1864, located where he now lives ; his 
farm contains 110 acres. In the flill of 1877, Mr. Yoran was elected to the General 
Assembly of Iowa ; was re-elected in the fall of 1879 ; he was a member of the Board of 
Supervisors for the years 1868-73. He was married to Maria L. Markell, of Herki- 
mer Co., N. Y.; they have five children — Libbie, George, William, Darwin and Louise. 



RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 

REV. HARVEY ADAMS, Pastor of the Congregational Church, Bow- 
en's Prairie ; was born in Cheshire Co., N. H., Jan. 16, 1809 ; he prepared for college 
at Montpelier Academy, Vermont; entered the University of Vermont in 1835, where 
he graduated in 1839 ; graduated at the Andover Theological Seminary in 1843; he 
came to Farmington, V^an Buren Co., Iowa, in the fall of that year, where he remained 
as Pastor of the Congregational Church for seventeen years ; thence to Council Bluffs 



RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 689 

in 1860, where he remained three years ; then returned to Farmington, where he con- 
tinued three years; thence to New Hampton, Chickasaw Co., where he remained about 
four and a half years; thence to Fairfax, Linn Co.. four years ; he assumed his present 
charge in July, 1865. He was married to Rhoda M. Codding, a native of Massachu- 
setts ; they have four children — Sarah L. Stoddard, Emily J. Babcock, Edward E. 
and Kate F. 

WILLIA^I BEATTY, farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie; born in 
Ireland in 1826; his father, James Beatty, removed to Philadelphia about 1828, where 
Mr. Beatty was brought up ; he was engaged in the grocery business in Philadelphia 
about twelve years; he came to Jones Co. in the spring of 1856, and settled in Wash- 
ington Township, whei'c he lived about one year and a half; he then sold his farm there 
and removed to Buchanan Co., but soon after resumed the ownership of his former 
flirm in Washington Township, Jones Co., where he returned ; he bought his present 
farm in the spring of 1867. He was married to Ann Elliott, a native of Ireland, later 
of Philadelphia ; they have five children — William J., Mary A. S., James, Robert E. 
and Isabelle J.; lost two children in infancy. His farm contains 156 acres; has also 
160 acres in Carroll Co. Mr. Beatty and wife belong to the United Presbyterian 
■Church. 

K. S. BIjODCwETT, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; was born in 
Deerfield, Mass., in 1810 ; his parents removed to New Hampshire when he was 7 years 
of age. He was married to Rebecca Whittemore, who was born in Cheshire Co., N. H., 
in 1811 ; they came to Jones Co. in 1848, and settled where they now live; they have 
had three children, none of whom are living — William B., Joseph T. and Frederick H.; 
the latter was Orderly Sergeant of Co. H, 31st I. V. I.; he died in Memphis March 26, 
1863. Mr. and Mrs. Blodo;ett are members of the Congregational Church. 

GEOROE BRAZELTON, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; is a 
son of William Brazelton, and was born in Linn Co. in 1844, where his father removed 
from Illinois in 1840 ; he came to Jones Co. with his parents in 1845. He was mar- 
ried to Alice Byers, whose parents were early settlers of Madison Township, from Penn- 
sylvania ; they have four children — Lily C., Edgar Gr., Frank Leslie and George C. 
Mr. Brazelton's farm contains 224 acres. 

JAMES CRAIG, farmer, Sec. 6; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; was born in 1822, 
on the British brig Bart ley, on the Banks of Newfoundland, his parents being then on their 
way from England to this country. His parents settled in Philadelphia. Mr. Craig has 
resided! n that part of Philadelphia known as East Kensington nearly all his life; he learned 
the trade of a carpenter, which business he followed for some years ; he was engaged in 
the machine-shops of I. P. Morris, of Philadelphia, for twenty-six years. He was 
married to Fanny J. Hayes, a native of Ireland, born in 1829. Mr. Craig purchased 
his present farm in the spring of 1877. He has four sons and two daughters — Jared, 
Margaret J., Charles, William J., Laura L. and Robert; the first two mentioned are 
twins. His farm contains 178} acres; he also owns a house and lot adjoining his farm. 

JOSEPH HICKMAN, farmer. Sec. 5; P. 0. Bowen's Piairie i was born 
in Virginia in 1812 ; removed with his parents to Muskingum Co., Ohio, in 1819, where 
he lived until 1852, when he came to Richland Township and settled in Section 9 ; in 
the fall of 1872, he came to his present location. He was married to Mary Bunting, 
of Belmont Co., Ohio ; they have seven children — William H., Shelton, Kimble, 
Demarkus, Huldah J. Cline, resides in Nebraska ; Greorjre W. and John ; have lost two 
children — Lucy and Sarah A ; the latter died Oct. 24, 1879. Mr. Hickman's present 
farm contains 100 acres ; his farm in Section 9 contained 350 acres, of which he gave 
Iiis son ninety acres, and sold the remainder to Mr. John 3Iay, for §10,000. He has 
teen Township Trustee for about fifteen years. He is a Democrat in politics. 

JOHN C. HUNTOON, farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie; born in 
Hanover, N. H., in 1829 ; he came to Jones Co. in 1867, and purchased his present 
farm. He was married to Miss Ann Fairchilds, born in the State of New York ; they 
have four children — John W., Lizzie, Minnie and Sarah. His father, John Huntoon, 
lives with him ; he is a native of Hanover, N. H.; his mother died at his home in 1877. 



690 ■ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

THEODORE W. LITTLE, farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; 
was born in jNIiddlesex Co., Mass., in 1818; his parents, Eben and Abbie Little, 
removed to Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1828; Mr. Little went to Albemarle Co., Va., 
in 1842, where he was engaged in the drug business for many years; he was 
also engaged for many years in selling and establishing agencies for the sale of a lini- 
ment of which he was proprietor ; during this time, he spent many years in traveling, 
especially through the Southern States ; he came to Jones Co. in February, 1866, 
and took possession of his present farm, on which his father had settled in 1848. His 
father died in January, 1876 ; his mother died in 1862. Mr. Little was married in 
1846, to Sarah A. Bragg, born in Massachusetts, but then a resident of Michi<:an. Her 
father, Calvin B. Bragg, removed from Massachusetts to Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1826, 
thence to Michigan in 1843; he died in Jackson, in that State, in 1863 ; her mother, 
Mrs. Orpha Bragg, now 80 years of age, lives with her daughter, Mrs. Little. The 
father of Mr. Little was partially deaf from birth, entirely so after 10 years of age. 
His farm contains 160 acres; he also owns a farm of sixteen acres in Michigan. He 
has five children — Frances A., Charles C, Ella A., James M. B., Ebbie W.; lost three 
children in infancy. 

JOHN, RICHARD AlVD THOMAS H. McQUILLEN, farm- 
ers, Sec. 23; P. 0. Cascade; sons of John McQuillen, who was born in Ireland, and 
came to the United States in 1830 ; lived in Albany, N. Y., till he came to Jones Co. 
in the spring of 1846; he settled where his sons now live; he died in the fall of the 
year he came to the county. Besides the three brothers mentioned above, is George, 
who resides in Washington Township ; another, Bernard, died in 1865; the homestead, 
now owned by John, Richard and Thomas, contains 500 acres, 300 of which is 
improved; they are engaged principally in stock-raising. Thomas, born in 1846, is the 
only one of the brothers born in Jones Co.; he has held several township oflSces ; has 
been Township Clerk and Collector for four years ; was a Justice of the Peace from 
1871 to 1875; he was one of the first Directors of the Cascade, Bellevue & Western 
Railroad. The brothers are Democrats in politics. Their mother, Margarette McQuillen, 
lives with them. They are Catholics in religion. 

THOMAS MOORE, farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. O. Monticello ; was born on the 
Isle of Man, August, 1822. His parents, William and Ann Moore, emigrated to Can- 
ada in 1825, where they lived until about 1830, when they removed to Detroit, Mich., 
thence to La Porte, Ind., about 1835, and to Jones Co. in 1837. His father took a 
claim of the farm where Rudolph Casper now lives, which he owned till 1865, when he 
sold to Mr. Casper; he then purchased a farm in Castle Grove Township, where he died 
in January, 1 875 ; Mr, ^loore's mother died in Dubuque Co. in 1838 ; his father was after- 
ward married to Elvira Neal, who is still living. Thomas Moore came to Jones Co. with his 
father in 1837, but, with his brother William, went to Wisconsin, about 1840 ; soon 
after, returned to Dubuque Co.; soon after, went to Platteville, AVis., where he lived till 
about 1846, when he returned to Jones Co. and settled on the farm where he now lives, 
a part of which he had entered several years previous to that time. He was married 
to Eliza Mulligan, whose parents came from Staten Island to Dubuque Co. about 1844; 
has seven children — Thomas W., Mary A., Sarah, Eliza, Jane, Clara Belle and Agnes ^ 
lost two children — William, who was killed by accident March 17, 1879, in his 24tli 
year ; Minnie died in infoncy. 

STEPHEN A. PALMER, farmer and proprietor of cheese factory. Sec. 
5 ; P. 0. Bowen's Prairie ; was born in Genesee Co., N. Y., in 1836 ; his parents, 
Stephen and IMartha Palmer, removed to Medina Co., Ohio, about 1840 ; they came 
to Jones Co. and settled on the farm now owned by their son in the spring of 1856 ; his 
mother died in July, 1874; his father, now 84 years of age, lives with him. He was 
married to Angeline Bennett, who was born in Ohio ; they have ten children ; six sons 
and four daughters — George A., jMattie C. Hicks, Almon E., Frank A., Ashley B., 
Cliarles A., William G., Mary A., Nellie and Truly I. Mr. Palmer is engaged in stock- 
raising and dairying ; he started his cheese factory in the fall of 1878 ; it has a capacity 
of about four hundred pounds of cheese per day. 



i 



RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 691 

CHRISTIAN PRADER, farmer, Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was bora 
in France in 1847, where he lived twelve years, when his father returned to Switzer- 
land, his native country; came to this country and Jones Co. in 1872. Was married 
to Mersula Casper, daughter of Rudolph Casper ; they have one child, Rudolph, born 
in 187-1. Mr. Trader's form contains 175 acres of land. Rudolph Casper was born 
in Switzerland in 1815 ; he is one of the lar^e farmers of Richland Township. 

SOIOJX" REICH ART, former. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
Bavaria, Germany, in 1805 ; he came to this country and settled in Dubuque in 1837 ; 
came to Richland Township in 1839 ; settled on his present form in 18-10. Has five 
children — John, Adam, Maggie, Rarbary and Anna. John was married to Johanna 
Horner, whose parents were early settlers of Dubuque Co.; have one child — Minnie. 
Adam married Ann Turnis ; has four children. Mr. Reichart's farm contains 380 
acres. 

JOHN SCHWEITZER, former, Sec. 18; P.O. Monticello; born in Switzer- 
land in 1824; he came to this country and Jones Co. in 1850 ; he went to California 
in 1851 and engaged in mining; remained in California ten years, returning in 1801 ; 
purchased his present farm in the spring of 1862, where he settled in the foil of that 
year. He was married to Charlotte Yousse, who died in 1866. His present wife was 
Margaret Bohnar. Mr. Schweitzer has one daughter by his first marriage — Seraphina ; 
and three children by his second wife — Charlotte, Lena and John. Mr. Schweitzer has 
about five hundred acres of land. 

JOHN I>. SULL.IVAN, former, Sec. 3; P. 0. Cascade, Dubuque 
County ; son of John and Margaret Sullivan ; was born on the farm he now owns 
October 29, 1840 ; his father was a native of Ireland and was born in 1807 ; he came 
to this country in 1835, and entered the farm where his son now resides. His 
mother was born in Virginia in 1810 ; she was married in Illinois in 1827 to David 
Lindsay ; had three children by this marriage, none of whom are living ; she became a 
widow, and on Jan. 1, 1840, she married Mr. Sullivan; she has four children by her 
second marriage — John D., William T. (lives in Daviess Co., Mo., and is editor of a 
paper called the Northern Missouriari), Robert F. (resides in Franklin Co., Iowa), Den- 
nis (lives in Richland Township, Jones Co., Iowa). John D. was married to Helen M. 
Simmons, who was born in Canada; she died July 13, 1877. Mr. Sullivan has five 
children — Adda, William H., Emma J., John F. and Charles M. Mr. Sullivan was 
for about one year a member of Co. C, 2d I. V. I. ; entered the army in 1864. His 
brother, William T., enlisted in Co. K, 17th I. V. I., in 1861 ; served till the close of 
the war. 

HON. JOHN TAYLOR, Cascade. Hon. John Taylor, or, as he is more 
familiarly called. Judge Taylor, is the son of David Taylor and Martha McNeil, and was 
born Feb. 16, 1808, in Rockingham Co., N. H. This was his home until 17 years of 
age, when he removed to Essex Co., N. Y., where he resided two years. He afterward 
lived awhile in Greene Co., and then in Albany Co. In 1834, he went to Cuyahoga 
Co., Ohio, and, in the autumn of 1836, came to Milwaukee, where he tarried about one 
year. He is a natural mechanic, but his chief occupation has been that of farming. 
The winter of 1837-38 he spent in the South, mainly in Louisiana. In the spring of 
1838, he located in Dubuque, which continued to be his home for several years. In 
1841, he purchased the place on which he now resides, on Sec. 1, in Richland Town- 
ship, about one mile from Cascade, which is his post ofiice. In October, 1843, he was 
elected Probate Judge of Jones County, for a term of three years. He was elected 
from Jones Co. as a member of the first Constitutional Convention of Iowa, which con- 
vened in October, 1844. He was married in Dubuque, Dec. 25, 1844, to a native of 
Kentucky, Miss Elizabeth Graffort, on the occasion of her parents' golden wedding. 
In April, 1845, he was elected a member of the Territorial Legi-slature, by the counties 
of Cedar, Linn and Jones; the first session of said Legislature was held in May and 
June, and the nest in the winter of 1845-46. He was appointed by the State Legis- 
lature in 1847, one of the Commissioners to locate a permanent seat of government for 
the State. He was elected a member of the Legislature, the session of which was held 



692 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 

in the winter of 1852-53. In 1859, he was again elected to the Legislature from Jones 
Co., which regular session was at Des Moines, in 18G0, with an extra session in May, 
1861. He has one son, John Taylor, Jr., born Dec. 22, 1846. He is now living 
near his father and upon the original purchase of 1841. Judge Taylor was a loyal sup- 
porter of the Government during the trial-period from '61 to '65, but has always been 
a Democrat from principle — a firm friend of the people and of their chosen government. 
Although Jones Co. is strongly Republican, yet the Judge has never been defeated in a 
political contest in his own county. The Judge is only a "brother-in-law" of the 
Evangelical Church — his wife being an acceptable member of the Baptist Church. He 
is kind, benevolent, and often sought as a counselor — is a humanitarian. Conservative 
and conscientious, with ripened wisdom, he is punsuing the even tenor of his way to 
that " bourne whence no traveler returneth." 

BARRETT WHITTE3IORE, teacher and farmer, Bowen's Prairie; is 
the son of William Snow Whittemore and Mollie Locke, and was born Feb. 26, 1806, 
in Cheshire Co., N. H.; he early exhibited a talent for mathematical and literary studies; 
in his 12th year, he mastered ^^ Adams' old Ari/Junetic,^' and, four years afterward, when 
he desired to enter the High School of his native town, he secured the needed books by 
gathering and selling immense quantities of jjumpkin seeds, which were then in demand 
for the manufacture of a peculiar oil. Before he was of age, he and his young associates 
pledged " total abstinence from all that can intoxicate." He was a prominent actor in 
the Lyceum of his town. He was early accustomed to farm labor, but his predominant 
taste was for literary pursuits. He came West in the spring of 1830, and located tem- 
porarily in Bureau Co., 111. In the autumn of 1831, he went to the vicinity of Galena 
and Dubuque. In October, 1834, he opened a school in Dubuque, which he taught 
about four months. This was the second school taught in Dubuque, Mr. George Cub- 
bage having taught there the previous winter. In the season of 1835, he worked 
at farming in Dubu((ue Co.; he then engaged in a saw-mill on the Little Maquoketa 
River, in Dubuque Co., till the spring of 1838, when he came to Jones Co., and set- 
tled where he now lives. Mr. Whittemore has alwaj^s taken a deep interest in the cause 
of education, and has been a teacher for fifty years of his life, having taught more or 
less every year for that period of time. In 1841, he taught the first school in Jones Co., 
Bowen's Prairie, and has taught fully forty terms of school in Jones Co. since that date, 
most of which were in Richland Township. Mr. Whittemore was an " Orderly Ser- 
geant" in the Black Hawk war. He has held various township offices, and was the 
first County Superintendent of Schools in Jones (^o., having been elected in 1858. He 
was married in 1846, to iMiss Louisa Blodgett, also a native of New Hampshire. They 
have no children. Both are consistent members of the Congregational Church at 
Bowen's Prairie. He is beloved by his pupils, respected by his neighbors and honored 
by his fellow-citizens. May he and his worthy wife continue for years on earth to enjoy 
the conscious rewards of a well-spent life. The old schoolmaster of Bowen's Prairie, 
sometime, with closing eye and fading memory, will whisper, " ' Tis growing dark ; 
school is dismissed ; " then will our Divine Superintendent read the life-record of Bar- 
rett Whittemore, and write thereon — " Unrolled for promotion to the High School oj 
Heaven.'' 

CYRrS WHITTE^IIORE, retired farmer, Bowen's Prairie; born in 
Troy, Cheshire Co., N. H., in 1813 ; went to California in 1849, and engaged in mining. 
He passed about nine years in California, but returned several times to visit his family. 
He was married to Miss Mary D. Richardson, who was born in Greenfield, Hillsboro 
Co., N. H.; they came to Jones Co., in the fall of 1858, and settled at Bowen's Prairie ; 
they have three children — Frank A., residing in Monticello ; Walter L., living in Aurora, 
Neb., and Effie G. They have lost several children — Julia S. and Mary E., each about 18 
years of age, and Ella E., aged 2 years and 8 months. 



CASS TOWNSHIP. 693 



CASS TOWNSHIP. 

JO HIV ATKINS, farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in Somerset 
Co., N. J., in 182G; his father, William Atkins, removed to Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 
1844. He was married to Parmelia Dodson, who was born in Cincinnati in 1826; they 
came to Dubuque Co. in 1850, where they lived till 1864, when they came to Jones Co. 
and settled on their present farm ; they have five children — Edward, Adelbert, William 
D., Geor<>e N. and Alta P. Mr. Atkins has 140 acres of land. 

CHARLIES P. AT WOOD, farmer. Sec. 5; P. 0. Anamosa; was born 
in Susquehanna Co., Penn., in 1840 ; he came to Jones Co. in the spring of 1859 ; he 
enlisted May 15, 1861, in the 1st I. V. C, Co. K; he served nearly five years, 
receiving his final discharge on March 15, 1866 ; he was in active service during all the 
time he was in the army ; prominent among the battles and campaigns in which he par- 
ticipated, the following may be mentioned : Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, 1862 ; Bayou Meter, 
Ark.; capture of Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 10, 1863; Steele's Red River Campaign. 
He came home on veteran furlough ; returned to his regiment June 18, 1864 ; operated 
in Missouri for some time ; served under Gens. Pleasanton and A. J. Smith ; returned to 
St. Louis, thence to Arkansas, thence to Pine Bluff, theuce to Memphis, Tenn., thence 
to Guntown, Miss., etc.; was finally mustered out of service at Austin, Texas, Feb. 16, 
1866 ; final discharge, March 16, 1866. He returned to Jones Co. Was married in 
December, 1867, to Susan J. Porter; they have five children — Clarence B., Leola A., 
Isora, Hurvy and Charles. Mr. Atwood located on his present farm in December, 
1867. 

R. S. BENTON, farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in Vermont in 
1833; his parents, Joseph and Annie Benton, removed to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 
1842. Mr. Benton went to Illinois in 1854; he went to California the same year; 
returned to New York State in 1868 ; came to Jones Co. in the fall of that year ; set- 
tled on his present farm in March, 1877. He married Anna McFadden ; they have 
one child — Jay. - 

WILLIAJH BOWERS, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Wayne 
Co., Ohio, in 1834; he came to Jones Co. with his parents, Henry and Catherine Bow- 
ers, in 1854; his father settled in Fairview Township; he died in 1868; his mother 
now resides in Ashland Co., Ohio. Mr. Bowers entered his farm in 1854, where he 
has since resided. He was married Jan. 9, 1855, to Susan E. Davis, of Ohio ; they 
have six children — Arminda V., Arthur W., Frances C, May, Elmer and Maud ; they 
have lost five children, all of whom died in infancy. Mr. Bowers is a Justice of the 
Peace, and has held other township offices. He is a Republican in politics. 

BENJAMIN CHAPLIN, farmer. Sec. 85; P. 0. Anamosa; was born 
in Cortland Co., N. Y., in 1816 ; his father's family removed to Jones Co. in 1838, and 
located in Rome Township ; his father, Daniel Chaplin, died in July of that year; his 
mother subsequently married Mr. John Elliot, of Linn Co.; she has been dead many 
years. Mr. Benjamin Chaplin owned the farm where his father settled, from the time 
of his father's death till 1853. He was married to Ellen Baugh ; her parents were 
early settlers of Jones Co. ; formerly from Indiana. Mr. Chaplin removed to Dubuque 
in 1845, but returned to his farm in Rome Township in September, 1847 ; in 1853, he 
exchanged his farm for a hotel known as the Waverly House, in Anamosa, which he 
owned for about sixteen years ; has been engaged in farming most of the time since 
1869 ; he located where he now lives in 1876. Mr. Chaplin was the first mail carrier 
in what was known as the Dubuque and West Liberty route ; he was thus engaged 
from the spring of 1840 till July, 1845. He was a Justice of the Peace of Cass Town- 
ship two years. He has had six children, four of whom are living — Marietta, now Mrs. 
Patrick KeefFe ; Huldah, now Mrs. Oscar Twogood, resides in Kansas ; Manville and 
Morris. Names of deceased children — Melissa and Harry. 



694 * BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

JOSEPH S. COXDIT, farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in 
Delaware Co., Ohio, in 1834 ; he came to Jones Co. with his father, Alvin P. Condit, 
in June, 1856. Mr. Condit owned a firm in Sec. 21 ; afterward, another in Sec. 22 ; 
in 1868 he removed to Monroe Township, Monroe Co.; returned and purchased present 
farm in 1870. He married Mary PI Ogden, of Ohio ; they have seven children — 
Emery 0., Eddie S., Ida B., Lizzie, Ora D., Jay S. and an infant. Has 185 acres of 
land. 

CARSO CRAXE, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in Seneca 
Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; his parents removed to Orleans Co. when he was about 12 years 
of age; he came to Jones Co. in the fall of 1856; in 1860, he cros.sed the Plains to 
Colorado, returning the same year. He enlisted, in 1861, in Co. D, 9th T. V. I., and 
served nearly two years ; he went into the service as Second Lieutenant and was pro- 
moted to the first lieutenantcy in the latter part of August, 1862 ; he was not commis- 
sioned as Captain, but commanded his company in nearly all the battles in which they 
took part ; was eniraged in the battles of Pea Kidge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post 
and the siege of Vicksburg ; he resigned in March, 1863. He was married to Electa 
Glidden, daughter of William S. (Jlidden, of Orleans Co., N. Y.; they have two chil- 
dren — Fred and Lizzie. Mr. Crane's farm contains 135 acres of land. He has been a 
Justice of the Peace of Cass Township. He and his wife are members of the Congre- 
gational Church. 

JOHN A. CRAWFORD, farmer, Sec. 21; P. O. Anamosa; was born 
in Mercer Co., Penn., in 1825; his parents, Alexander and Rachel Crawford, removed 
to Illinois in 1838 ; his mother died in 1844; his father came to Cass Township in 
1857 and located in Sec. 8 ; he died July 6, 1866 ; he was a soldier in the second war 
with England ; he was married the second time, and his widow still lives, residing in 
Rochester, N. Y. Mr. John A. Crawford came to Ca.ss Township in 1855, first settling 
in Sec. 8; located where he now lives about 1858. He was married to Eunice D. 
Leonard, a native of New Jersey ; at the time of their marriage they were living in Illi- 
nois ; they have four children — Emma E., Jessie, Leta M. and John ; have lost a son 
and a daughter. Mr. Crawford has 335 acres of land, and is engaged quite extensively 
in stock-raising; feeds annually about 100 head of cattle and 800 head of hogs. He 
has been a member of the County Board of Supervisors for two terms, and a Justice 
of the Peace for many years. 

NICHOLAS DAHLEM, miller and owner of Fremont Mills; P. 0. Ana- 
mesa ; was born in Germany in 1842 ; he came to the United States in November, 1868, 
and settled in Dubuque Co., where he had charge of the Rockville Mills for three and 
a half years ; in February, 1873, he engaged as miller in the mill which he now owns; 
he purchased the mill in May, 1876; the mill has two run of stone, with a grinding 
capacity of about one hundred and sixty bushels per day of twenty-four hours. He 
was married to Marguerette Betts, a native of Germany ; have four children — Mary, 
Peter, Lucy and Josephine. 

AL.L.EN L.. FAIRBANKS, ftirmer. Sec. 3; P. 0. Monticello ; was 
born in Lamoille Co., Vt., in 1832. He was married to Miss Harriet Glazier, born in 
the same county; they were married in Manchester, N. H., and came to Jones Co. in 
March, 1853. Mr. Fairbanks' father, Adam Fairbanks, died at the home of his son 
in the fall of 1873: Mrs. Fairbanks' mother also died there in 1863. Mr. Fairbanks 
came to Iowa very poor ; he borrowed §50 at the time he entered the first eighty acres 
of his present farm ; he now has about five hundred acres of land, with fine improve- 
ments ; is engaged quite extensively in stock-raising. His children are Harriet M., 
Clarence, Thomas, Arthur L., Charles A., Alba M.,"Mary E. and Bertha B. He has 
been Assessor of Cass Township about a dozen terms; has also held other township 
offices; he was Enrolling Officer of Cass Township during the war of the rebellion. 
He and wife are members of the 31. E. Church. 

TIxlIOTHY FOLEY, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; born in County 
Cork, Ireland, in 1826; he came to the United States in 1851; he traveled about 
considerably before locating permanently ; he lived on Long Island, N. Y., for some 



CASS TOWNSHIP. 695 

time, then went to Ohio ; thence to Michigan, and thence to Missouri ; he was for 
some time engaged in boating on the Cumberland, Missouri and Mississippi Rivers; he 
went to McHenry Co., 111., in 1856, where he lived till July, 1857 ; thence to Minne- 
sota, where he lived till 1859 ; he came to Anamosa in November, 1859, where he 
lived ten years ; in 1869, located on his present farm. He was married to Hannah 
Healy, who was born in New York City ; they have seven children — Dennis, Catherine, 
John, Michael, William, Edward and Annie. 

MADISON FRANKS, flirmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in 
Licking Co., Ohio, in 1833 ; his parents, James and Elizabeth Franks, died in Ohio ; 
Mr. Franks came to Linn Co., Iowa, about 1852, where he lived one year ; he then 
returned to Ohio, but came back to Linn Co. in 1854, where he again remained about 
one year. He was married, in 1857, to Elizabeth Carlisle, born in Hampshire Co., 
Va., March 7, 1835; her parents were natives of Virginia; they settled in Clark Co., 
Ohio, about 1836 ; then removed to Champaign Co., where they lived about ten years; 
they removed to Logan Co. about 1848. Mr. Franks came to Jones Co. and settled on 
his present farm in the spring of 1864. Has four children — Emma, Willie, Lavenia 
and Dora M. ; have lost one son — Hernando Mr. and Mrs. Franks formerly belonged 
to the United Brethren ; at present, to the Evangelical Church. 

MRS. MYRTA C. HAL.E, formerly Myrta C. Kelsey, widow of Augus- 
tus Hale, Sec. 23; P. 0. xlnamosa ; Mr. Hale was born in Ohio in 1822; when he 
was 4 years of age, his parents removed to Glastonbury, Conn., where they had for- 
merly lived. He was married to his present widow in 1857 ; they came to Jones Co. 
and settled on the farm now owned by Mrs. Hale, in the fall of 1859 ; Mr. Hale died 
March 2, 1868; Mrs. Hale has three children — John K., William A. and Carrie A.; 
Mr. Hale had one daughter by a former marriage — Martha, now Mrs. H. H. Monroe. 
Mrs. Hale is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, as was also her husband. 

PRESLEY If ANNA, farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in 
Trumbull Co., Ohio, in 1832 ; he went to Illinois in 1857 ; he came to Jones Co. in 
1865. Was married to Miss Melvina Black, daughter of T. J. Black, of Jackson Co., 
Iowa. His first farm was in Castle Grove Township, where he lived but a short time ; 
he then purchased a farm of 120 acres in Sec. 9, which he still owns ; purchased the 
farm where he now lives in 1876; this farm contains 180 acres; is engaged in stock- 
raising. Has six children — Arthur L., Homer P., Laura, John W., Edgar E. and 
Jgssig iV. 

ORRIN R. HARVEY, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P.O. Amamosa ; was born in 
Cortland Co., N. Y., in 1826 ; he came to Jones Co. in the foil of 1847 ; his father, 
Amasa Harvey, came here in the spring of the same year ; Mr. Harvey lived with his 
father, who settled in Fairview Township, till 1850. He was married in January of 
that year to Mary J. Ryan, daughter of Ira B. Ryan ; she was born in Ohio in 1833, 
and came to Iowa in 1840, and to Jones Co. in 1843. Mr. Harvey entered the farm 
which he now owns in 1848, and settled thereon in the spring of 1850. They have 
three children — Annie (now Mrs. John E. Snyder), Mary and Clara ; have lost three 
children — Mrs. Emily Doolittle. Charles (who died in infancy) and Nellie (aged 3 years). 

JAMES HELMER, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in iMont- 
gomery Co., N. Y., in May, 1816 ; he removed to Wyoming Co. with his parents, John 
and Elizabeth Helmer, when he was about 7 years of age; he went to Pontiac, Mich., 
in 1838, where he lived two years; then removed to Illinois; he came to Anamosa in 
May, 1855, where he lived two years; he located on his present farm in April, 1857, 
where he has .since resided. He was married to Charlotte Crippen, of Illinois ; they 
have six children — Emily (now Mrs. J. E. Bonstel), Edwin L., Jesse F., Mae, Leona 
and James. Mr. Helmer has 470 acres of land ; is engaged quite extensively in stock- 
raisins. 

WILLIAM C. JOSLIN, farmer, Sec. 35; P. 0. Anamosa; is a son of 
Dr. Joslin, of Anamosa; he was born in Fairview Township, Jones Co., Dec. 25, 1843. 
He was married to Mary A. Cafirey, who was born in the State of New York ; they have 
three children — James C, Mary E. and Edna. Mr. Joslin has 240 acres of land. 



696 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

MRS. SARAH MEAD, widow of George W. Mead, Sec 36 ; P. 0. Ana- 
mosa. Mr. Mead was born in Cortland Co., N. Y., March 22, 1820. He was mar- 
ried to his present widow, Sarah J. Harvey, in the State of New York ; they came to 
Jones Co. in the spring of 1847. Mr. Harvey entered the farm which Mrs. Harvey 
now owns in the fall of that year. He enlisted in September, 1862, in the 31st I. V. 
I. ; he was engaged in the battle of Arkansas Post, which occurred soon after he entered 
the service ; he died of typhoid fever at Young's Point on Feb. 19, 1863. Mrs. Mead 
was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., in 1829; she has three children — Jennie, Homer 
H. and George \V. She lost her eldest son, Henry E., who died May 29, 1866, aged 
17 years. She is a member of M. E. Church. 

R. MITCHEIiL*, farmer, Sec. 21; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in Allegany 
Co., N. Y, in 1814; he removed to Illinois when he was 19 years of age; he came to 
Jones Co. in August, 1853, and located in Cass Township, on what was known as the 
Austin farm ; he located in Sec. 21 in April, 1866. He was married to Mrs. Elizabeth 
A. Pitcher, who was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; has five children — Z. B., Anna, 
Carrie, Nellie and Allie. Mrs. Mitchell has one son by a former marriage — Le Roy 
Pitcher, born in Kane Co., 111., in 1847, where his parents had removed from the State 
of New York. The firm is now owned by the two sons, Mr. Le Roy Pitcher and 3Ir. 
Z. B. Mitchell. 

JAMES XASH, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in County 
Cork, Ireland, about 1826; he came to this country in December, 1855 ; he lived near 
Boston, Mass., for some time ; in March, 1857, he came to Anamosa; has lived in 
Jones Co. since that time ; he was engaged to labor by the month for several years ;^ 
has also worked several farms in Jones Co. on shares ; in September, 1868, with Mr. 
Thomas Walters, he purchased 120 acres of their present farm; they have now 197 
acres. Mr. Nash is unmarried ; the only relative he has in this country is Mrs. Mary 
Norris, who resides in Linn Co. 

J. M. OGDEX, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in Franklin Co., 
Ohio, in 1818. He was married to Hannah M. Condit, daughter of Alvin P. Condit. 
He came to Jones Co. in 1856 and settled on his present farm, which he had purchased 
in 1854. Has three children — George D. (who resides in Ohio), Alvin C. and Mary 
E.; lost one daughter — Jennie M., aged about 6 years. 

MRS. MARY A, OSBORX, widow of the late Linus Osborn, resides on 
Sec. 26; P. 0. Anamosa ; Mr. Osborn was born in Hampden Co., Mass., in 1818; he 
came to Jones Co. in 1847, and engaged in the mercantile business with Mr. F. W. 
Gillett. He was married in 1851 to Miss Mary A. Akers ; he settled on present farm 
in 1857, which he had purchased soon after he came to the county ; he died June 22, 
1877. Mrs. Osborn, daughter of Samuel and Sarah Akers, was born in Pennsylvania 
in 1822, and came to Cedar Co., Iowa, with her parents, in 1841 ; her parents reside 
on her farm, near her residence. Mrs. Osborn has two sons — Edwin A., born in June, 
1858, and Frank, born in August, 1863 ; she has lost three daughters — Mattie, Ida 
and Addle. The farm where the family reside contains 275 acres ; has a farm of 80 
acres in Sec. 2(). 

PATRICK PERRWMAN, farmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born 
in County Galway, Ireland, in 1818 ; he came to the United States in 1840 ; he lived 
in New Orleans nine years, when he came to Jones Co. ; he purchased a farm in Rich- 
land Township, which he sold and bought the farm where he now lives. He was mar- 
ried to Catherine Phalan, who was born in Ireland ; they have five sons and three 
daughters — Thomas, Mary J., John, Emma, Michael, Edward, Henry and Sarah. He 
has 170 acres of land; is a member of the Catholic Church; is Independent in. 
politics. 

JOHN PRESTON, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in York- 
shire, England, in 1814; his parents, William and Ann Preston, came to the United 
States in 1826; they settled in Marion Co., Ohio ; his father died soon after; his 
mother died in Hardin Co., Ohio, only a few years since. Mr. Preston was married to 
Anna Peel; they came to Jones Co. in 1854; he has owned his present farm for 



CASS TOWNSHIP. 697 

twenty-five years ; has six children — AVilliam, Mary Ann, Theodore, Samuel, Charles 
and George ; the latter was born in Jones Co. in 1854 ; the other children were born 
in Ohio. Mr. Preston has 400 acres of land ; is engaged in general farming. 

liUCIAN C. RICE, flirmer, Sec. 1 ; P. O" Monticello ; was born in Alle- 
gany Co., N. Y., in 1835 ; he came to Jones Co. with his parents, Gilbert and Remem- 
brance Rice, in the fall of 1852; his father settled in Monticello Township, where he 
still resides. He was married to Mary E. Moulton, daughter of Aaron and Rebecca 
Moulton, now residents of Nebraska. Mr. Rice lived in Monticello Township until he 
purchased his present farm, in the fall of 1868. Has three children — Edwin, Roy and 
Charles. 

STEPHEN SAHS, former. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Anamosa ; was born in Ohio 
in 1837 ; he came to Jones Co. with his parents, Edward and Cassa Sams, in 1842 ; 
his father died in 1853; his mother died April 28, 1878. He was married to Mary 
J. Wagner, daughter of William and Mary J. Wagner, early settlers of Jones Co. 
Mr. Sams has six children — Luella R., Elbert E., Harvey L., Milton A., Oliver G. and 
Mary J. Mr. S. has 170 acres of land. 

SILAS SAMS, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. O. Anamosa ; was born in Highland 
Co., Ohio, in 1826 ; his parents, Edward and Cassa Sams, came to Des Moines Co., 
Iowa, in 1840 ; they came to Jones Co. in 1842, and located in Cass Township; his 

father died in ; his mother died in April, 1878. Mr. Sams was married to 

Sarah Faust ; they have five children — Margaret, Lydia, Charles, Ezra and Elva. Mr. 
Sams' family was one of the first to settle in Jones Township. His farm contains 140 
acres. 

GEORGE B. STEVENS, farmer, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Anamosa; born in Otsego 
Co., N. Y., in 1826; removed with his parents to Cortland, N. Y., about 1846; he 
removed to Indiana in 1854; he came to Anamosa in August, 1856, where he lived 
about fifteen years; purchased his present farm in 1871, where he has since resided. 
He was married to Lucetta Harvey, daughter of Amasa Harvey ; have an adopted son, 
Georse. Mr. Stevens' farm contains 80 acres. 

AUGUSTUS C. STICKLE, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Anamosa ; was 
born in Berkshire Co., Mass., in 1840 ; his parents, J. P. and Esther Stickle, removed 
to New Jersey in 1848. Mr. Stickle began teaching in 1855, which he continued till 
the breaking-out of the rebellion. He enlisted in the 70th N. Y. \'. I., April 17, 
1861 ; he remained with this regiment until February, 1863, when he was promoted to 
a 2d Lieutenancy in 3d N. J. V. C; he was soon after promoted to a 1st Lieutenancy in 
same regiment, and to ofi&ce of Adjutant in May, 1865 ; he was mustered out of the 
service as Captain on May 3, 1865 ; Mr. Stickle was in most of the campaigns of the 
Army of the Potomac ; was in McClellan's peninsular campaign ; was in Burnside and 
Hooker's campaign, while these oflBcers were in command of the Army of the Potomac ; 
was at the battle of Gettysburg, in the battle of the Wilderness and the siege of Peters- 
burg ; during the latter part of the war, was under Custer and Sheridan. After the 
close of the war, he engaged in the mercantile business at West Milfurd, N. J. He 
was married to Miss Mary L. Coocke, native of New Jersey ; have three children — 
Minnie, Hortie and Bertha. Came to Iowa in 1866, and located in Anamosa; in 1867, 
he and his wife went as missionaries to the freedmen of Arkansas, under the auspices of 
the American Missionary Association. They returned, after one year, and located on 
present farm, where he has since resided, except about three months, during which he 
was editor of the Olin Times. Mr. Stickle's farm contains 160 acres. 

MIL.O C. THOMPSON, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Anamosa; was born in 
Dutchess Co., N. Y., in 1813, where he lived till 18 years of age; then removed to 
Ontario Co., where he lived about eight years; thence to Livingston Co., where he 
lived three years ; also lived in Genesee Co. about seven years. He was married to 
Ellen Gage, born in Bradford, Mass., at the time of their marriage a resident of Genesee 
Co.; after their marriage, Mr. Thompson removed to New Hampshire, where he lived 
about four years ; thence to Rockford, 111.; he came to Jones Co. in June, 1855, and pur- 
chased a farm in Sec. 10 ; he purchased his present farm of Mr. J. S. Condit, in 



698 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

February, 1865; has three children — Ella (now Mrs. Frank N. Bagley), Mary (now 
Mrs. Georjxe Ketchuni) and Sadie. 

HIRAM P. W1LL.COX, farmer, Sec. 3; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
Michitraii in 18-4-t; he caiue to Anamosa, in 1864, with his parents, Lyman and Caro- 
line Wilcox. He married Miss Ellen Cook, whose parents were early settlers of Linn 
Co., Iowa; they have two children — Darius and Ada J. 



CASTLE GROVE TOWNSHIP. 

LiUCIUS AL.L.EX, farmer, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in Herki- 
mer Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; his parents, James and Mary Allen, removed to Ohio about 
1838 ; they came to Jones Co. in 1855, and settled at Castle Grove Township ; they 
now reside in Cherokee Co., Iowa. Mr. Allen purchased his present farm in 1869. 
He was married to Harriet Ely, who was born in Pennsylvania ; they have seven chil- 
dren — Rosa, Etta, Harvey, Mary, Joseph, Emma and Lucius. Mr. Allen has 190 
acres of land. 

LEVI BERLIN, proprietor of Castle Grove Mills, Castle Grove; born in 
Westmoreland Co., Penn.,in 1827 ; he removed to Mercer Co., Penn., about 1847 ; in 
1864, he came to Jones Co. and purchased a farm in Sec. 2, Castle Grove Township ; 
in 1872, he and Mr. S. R. Stanbaugh built the mill, which is now owned by Mr. Ber- 
lin ; this mill is known as the Castle Grove Mill ; it cost about 810.000, has two run 
of stone, with a capacity of about one hundred bushels of wheat per day. Mr. Ber- 
lin married Miss Sarah Eberhart; their children are Sarah A., Emma P., Paul E.. 
Calvin T., Clara, Baden B. and Kate. 

JOSHUA R. CLARK, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Monticello; born in Jef- 
ferson Co., Ohio, in 1808 ; he came to Jones Co. in 1840 ; his first permanent settle- 
ment was where he now lives, where he located in 1842. His first wife was Caroline 
Spencer; she died in 1859; his second wife was Mrs. Julia Ann Scott; his third and 
present wife was Mrs. Catherine Schafer. Mr. Clark has seven children by first mar- 
riage and one by second ; his farm contains 200 acres of land. 

DAXIEL DEISCHER, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Monticello; was born 
in Berks Co., Penn., in 1826 ; he removed to Illinois in 1845, and came to Jones Co. 
in 1856, and .settled on the farm which he now owns and which he had purchased 
about two years previous to that time. He was married to Sarah Anoman, a native of 
Pennsylvania; have seven children — Anna, Flora, Mary A., John, Newton, Wesley 
and Howard ; lost one daughter — lizzie. Mr. Deischer belongs to the Evangelical 
Church ; is a Republican in politics. Has 385 acres of land. 

H. B. EVERHART, former, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Grove Creek, Delaware Co.; 
was born in Mercer Co., Penn., in 1826. He was married in 1847 to Caroline Kirk, 
who was born in Mahoning Co., Ohio, in 18li9 ; they have eight children — Mary A., 
Sarah E., Ellen A., Melvina E., Rayen K., Charles R., Jennie A. and Eva L. Mr. 
Everhart came to Jones Co. March 18, 1864, and settled on his present farm ; he has 
405 acres of land, and is engaged principally in dairying and stock-raising. Mr. Eyer- 
luirt and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church ; he is politically a Republican. 

TH0:!IAS €}ALLIGAN, farmer. Sec. 15; P. 0. Monticello; was born 
in County Caveu, Ireland, in 1807 ; he came to this country in July, 1834 ; he settled 
in Vermont, where he lived about one year ; he then moved to the State of New York, 
where he lived about four years ; he came to Jones Co. in 1837, and settled on present 
farm about 1846. He married Nancy Stevenson, who was born in Ireland Dec. 25, 
1811 ; they have three children — John, William and James; lost two children — Eliza- 
beth, aged 7 years, and the second was also named Elizabeth, aged 18 years. 

ABRAHA9I CwEHR, farmer, Sec. 35; P. 0. Monticello; was born in 
Cnuvford Co., Penn., Oct. 9, 1811. He was married in 1831 to Caroline Cole, of 



CASTLE GROVE TOWNSHIP. 699 

the same county ; removed to Lawrence Co. in 1854 ; in 1855, to Mercer Co.; he 
removed to Jones Co., Iowa, in the fall of 1864, and bought the farm which he now 
owns of Horace Gill. Mrs. Grehr died Aug. 12, 1869. Mr. Gehr has four children — 
Cynthia E. (now Mrs. M. H. Walker), Wilmina D. (now Mrs. Michael Berlin), Almira 
E. (now Mrs. Edward West), and Mary A. (now Mrs. John Yousy). Mr. Gehr was 
married to Mrs. Polly A. Hubbard in April, 1874; she was born in Broome Co., N. 
Y., in 1820 ; her former husband was Mr. George Hubbard, by whom she had five 
children, only two of whom reached adult age — Lotte (who married Mr. Joseph Rood, 
and died in 1870j, and Josepli Hubbard (who died in May, 1877). 

LEVI G. HILDRETH, farmer. Sec. 36; P. 0. Monticello ; born in New 
Hampshire in 1837 ; he worked at his trade, that of carpenter and joiner, at Monti- 
cello, for about ten years; he built the first house in Marvel's Addition in that town. 
He married Nancy Moore, daughter of David Moore, of Castle Grove Township. 
Purchased his present farm in 1866, where he located in 1868. Has two children — 
Frank, born January, 1868, and Herman, born February, 1875. Mr. Hildreth has 
1 20 acres of land ; is engaged principally in stock-raising. 

J. H. HOPKINS, merchant, and proprietor of Church Hill Creamery ; was 
born in Canada in 1844 ; his parents, Thomas and Mary Hopkins, were natives of Ire- 
land ; they came to Jone Co. in 1854 ; Mr. J. H. Hopkins drove a four-horse team 
across the plains to California in 1864 ; he returned in 1871 ; engaged in farming in 
Delaware Co. till the spring of 1876, when he engaged in the mercantile business, 
where he is now located. He has a fine creamery adjacent to his store, with a capacity 
of 10,000 pounds of milk per day. He was married to Miss E. M. Kehoe ; they have 
five children — Mary A., Ellen M., Frank, Margarette M. and Elizabeth. Mr. Hopkins 
has two brothers, Patrick, a stock and grain dealer of Plymouth Co., and James, 
Sheriff of Plymouth Co.; another brother, Thomas, died in Castle Grove Township 
in February, 1879 ; he has one sister, Mrs. Ann Burnight ; Mr. Hopkins still owns his 
farm in Delaware Co. 

CLARK HUBBARD, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
New Hampshire in 1824; he went to Boston, Mass., in 1849, where he lived sixteen 
years, engaged in the express business ; in May, 1858, he came to Jones Co. and 
erected a house on his present farm, which he had purchased some time previous ; he 
then relumed to Boston ; he located on his farm in the fall of 1864. He was married 
in March, 1854, to Ann S. Morse, of North Jay, Maine; they have five children — Ernest 
B., Stephen E., Sarah L., Edith and Henry C; his wife died Oct. 11, 1875. His 
present wife was Sarah J. Livingston, native of New York State ; Mr. Hubbard has 
290 acres of land ; engaged principally in stock-raising ; he gives considerable attention to 
growing fruit ; he has on his farm a fine young orchard of apple trees, numbering about 
two hundred; to this orchard he has given much attention, both as to selection and 
cultivation ; probably a finer orchard of an equal number of trees cannot be found in 
Jones Co.; has also other kinds of fruit, as pears, etc. 

ELIJAH HUBBARD, farmer. Sec. 26; P. 0. Monticello; born in 
Cheshire Co., N. H., in 1822 ; afterward removed to Worcester Co.; he came to Ana- 
mosa in 1858 ; he settled on the farm now owned by his brother, Clark Hubbard. He 
was married to Miss R. Swan ; she died in Worcester Co., Mass.; his present wife was 
Miss M. Redman, of Ohio ; had one child by first marriage, now deceased ; has two 
children by present wife — Ida B. and John A. Mr. Hubbard has 146 acres of land. 
He is a Republican in politics. 

REV. J. G. JOHNSON, Pastor of the Baptist Church, Castle Grove ; 
was born in Delaware Co., Penn., in 1844; he was educated in Pennsylvania, and at 
Taylor's Scientific and Commercial School at Wilmington, Del.; he began preaching in 
1874 ; his first charge was at Brighton, Washington Co., Iowa; second at New Haven 
Church, Washington Co.; he located at Castle Grove in June, 1879. He was married 
to Anna M. Holstun, of Delaware ; they have two children — Mary E. and Maggie. 

F. KNOMMINGA, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Castle Grove ; born in Hanover, 
Germany, in 1841 ; he came to Jones Co. in 1867 ; he settled on his present farm in 

y 



700 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

the fall of 1868. He was married to Margaret Hobbs, who was born in Wisconsin ; 
they have four children — Udo, Mary, Lena and Edward. Mr. K. has 80 acres of land. 
He and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. 

EDWARD ]HOORE, farmer, Sec. 10; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in 
Richland Township, Jones Co., in November, 1849 ; his father, William Moore, was a 
native of the Isle of Man ; he died Jan. 2, 1877 ; his mother was born in Missouri. 
He was married to Eli^a Barnhart; they have two children — Ina and Willis. Mr. 
Moore has 290 acres of land ; is engaged in dairying. 

E. R. aiURDOCK, farmer, Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Monticello ; was born in Del- 
aware Co., N. Y., in 1824 ; when he was 10 years of age, his father removed to Tioga 
Co., Penn., where he lived till 32 years of age ; he then went to Wisconsin, where he 
lived till the fall of 1862, when he came to Jones Co., and settled on his present farm ; 
he has 135 acres of land. 

GEORGE HIIRPHY, farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Monticello : born in Liver- 
pool, Eng., in 1844; his parents came to New Orleans the same year; in 1845, they 
removed to Cincinnati, where they lived about four years ; they came to Jones Co. in 
1850, and settled in Castle Grove Township ; his father lives with him ; his mother has 
been dead several years. Mr. Murphy was married to Margaret Atkins ; they have six 
children — Charles, Mary, Joanna, Lena, Frances and Ellen. Mr. Murphy has 166 J 
acres of land ; be.sides farming, he is engaged in the manufacture of lime. 

HENRY XI€KOL, farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Castle Grove ; born in Saxony 
in 1827; he emigrated to this country in June, 1854; he lived in Aurora, Ind., one 
year, where he worked at his trade, that of a shoemaker ; he came to Anamosa about 
1856, where he worked at his trade about four years ; he bought a farm in Linn Co., 
where he lived about one year ; lived in Cass Township two years ; came to his pres- 
ent location in 1863, but removed to Bowen's Prairie after two years; thence to Ne- 
braska for one season ; returned to Jones Co., and located permanently on his present 
farm. He was married to Sarah Shuper, of Pennsylvania ; they have four children — 
Charlotte, Mary, Jane, Albert and Frank. He has 120 acres of land. 

li. F. SCOTT, farmer. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Castle Grove ; was born in Vermilion 
Co., Ind., in 1833; his parents, John and Lizzie Scott, removed to Illinois in 1844, 
and to Buchanan Co., Iowa, in 1847 ; his mother died in 1849 ; his father came to 
Jones Co. in 1850 ; he died in 1856. Mr. L. F. Jones went overland to California in 
in 1853, where he engaged in mining; he returned to Jones Co. in 1855. He was 
married to Catharine Auman ; they have one child — Frank A. In 1864. Mr. Scott 
returned with his family to California; he settled in Fo.sterbar Township, Napa Co., and 
engaged in farming ; he returned to Jones Co. in May, 1875 ; he located where he now 
resides the same year. Mr. Scott has written a very interesting account of his trips to 
California, which contains much valuable and entertaining reading. He has sixty acres 
of land and owns a half-interest in the Keystone Creamery, Castle Grove Township. 

BENJAMIN SE ARLEIS, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Castle Grove ; born in 
Lake Co., Ohio, in 1821; he went to Sheboygan Co., Wis., in the fall of 1846 ; he returned 
to Ohio in 1848. He was married to Lucretia Cunningham ; returned to Sheboygan 
Co., where he remained till 1853, when he removed to Dane Co.; his wife died in 1865 ; 
he came to Jones Co. and located on his present farm in October, 1874. His present 
wife was Mrs. Caroline Thomp.son. Mr. Searles has five children by his first marriage 
— Ada, Gilbert, Abbie, Benjamin and Lucretia. His present wife has four children by 
her former marriage — Lucy, Libbie, Josephine and P]lla. Mr. Searles has 150 acres 
of land. Members of the Baptist Church. 

JOHN STAFFORD, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Castle Grove ; was born in 
Ireland in 1827 ; he came to the United States in 1849 ; he lived in Ohio five years ; 
he entered his present farm in 1854, where he settled in 1861. He was married to 
Ellen Atkins, who was born in Liverpool, Eng. His farm contains 260 acres of land. 

JESSE STARR, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Castle Grove; was born in Penn- 
sylvania Dec. 31, 1803 : his father removed to Canada in 1804 ; his father belonged tu 
the Society of Quakers. Mr. Starr removed to Dane Co., Wis., in 1853 ; he came to 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 701 

Jones Co. in 1862 and settled where he now lives. Mr. Starr is living with his fourth 
wife ; his first was a daughter of Elder William Marsh, of Canada ; his second was 
Lucinda Groat; his third, Mrs. Susan J. Howard; his present wife was Mrs. Elvira 
Baker. Mr. Starr has six sons and six daughters, five children by his second wife and 
seven by his third, all but one of whom have professed religion, and all but two are 
members of the Baptist Church. 

WILLIAM M. ISTARR, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P.. 0. Castle Grove ; was 
born in Canada in July, 1827 ; he removed to Dane Co., Wis., in 1853 ; he came to 
Jones Co. in 1860 and settled on his present farm. He was married to Harriet A. 
Varden. born in New Brunswick ; they have four children — Henrietta, Margarette A., 
Thomas V. and Hattie. Mr. Starr gives considerable attention to the raising of fine 
stock ; makes a specialty of the Clydesdale stock of horses. He has 260 acres of land. 

ISAAC SWEESY, farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Grove Creek, Delaware Co.; 
born in Mercer Co., Penn., in 1825; he came to Iowa in the spring of 1845 ; he lived 
in Jackson Co. ten years ; he then removed to Scotch Grove Township, Jones Co., 
where he also lived about ten years ; he located where he now lives in the spring of 
1865. He was married to Rebecca N. King, born in Mercer Co., Penn. ; her parents 
came to Jackson Co., Iowa, about 1842 ; have 9 children — Retta, Ansel U., Ross, 
William K., Ella, Freddie G., Cora, Mina and Ida. Mr. Sweesy has 186 acres of land. 
He and wife are members of the U. B. Church. 

EDWARD TROY, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Grove Creek, Delaware Co.; 
was born in Kings Co., Ireland, about 1819 ; he left Dublin on the 22d of April, 1844, 
for Quebec, and arrived on the 27th of May ; from Quebec he went to Montreal ; 
engaged on canal work for about one and a half years ; he then went to New York 
City ; thence to Philadelphia ; again to New York, where he enlisted ; this was in 
1846, at the breaking-out of the Mexican war; was soon after sent to New Orleans; 
was finally placed in Co. K, 6th U. S. Inf., afterward, was transferred to Co. I, of the 
same regiment ; he served five years in the regular army, most of that time among the 
different tribes of Indians in the Indian Territory ; he assisted in the building of Fort 
Kearney ; was discharged Oct. 18, 1850 ; located on the farm where he now lives about 
1852. He was married to Hanora MuUady ; her parents were early settlers in Jones 
Co.; they have one daughter and six sons — Mary, Richard, Patrick, Edward, John, 
Michael and William ; have lost six children. Mr. Troy has 320 acres of land. He 
and family are members of the Catholic Church. 

SAMUEL VAN FLEET, farmer. Sec. 26 : P. 0. Monticello ; was born 
in Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; he came to Jones Co. in the spring of 1857 and settled 
in Monticello, where he worked at his trade (that of a carpenter); in 1868, he 
purchased and settled on his present farm. His parents came to Jones Co. in 1861 ; 
his father died in 1866 ; his mother lives with him. 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 

DEARBORN B. BEAN, farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Clayford ; was born in 
Grant Co., N. H., in 1835 ; he came to Jones Co. in 1857, and settled in Scotch Grove 
Township; settled where he now lives in 1860. He was married to Elizabeth Slater, 
daughter of B. C. Slater, who came from the State of New York and settled in Clay 
Township in 1854; his wife died in 1876 ; he now resides with his son-in-law. Mr. 
B. has sixty acres of land. 

P. C. BLACK MER, farmer, Sec. — ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in Enfield, 
Mass., in 1848. At the breaking-out of the war of the rebellion in 1861, he enlisted 
in Springfield, Mass., in Co. I, 27th Mass. V. I. ; participated in a number of hard- 
fought battles, and was honorably discharged at the close of the war. In the latter 
part of 1865, he went to Kendall Co., 111., where his parents (Luke and Huldah 



702 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Blackmer) lived, and remained in that county until 1867, when he came to this 
(Jones) county. July 4, 1871, he married Roseltha Eckler ; their children are Will- 
iam E., Alice J. and Charlie L. Mr. Blackmer and wife are members of the Free- 
Will Baptist Church ; in politics, Mr. B. is a strong Republican. He is extensively 
engaged in farming, and is a man of much enterprise. 

EHERSON E. BROWN, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in 
Springfield, Vt., March 30, 1828 ; when 22 years of age, he went to California, where 
he remained three years, returning to Vermont in May, 1853 ; he came to Jones Co. 
in the fall of that year. He was married to Gratia Allbee ; they have eight children — 
Forest W. (who married Miss Flora E. Lawton), Prairie F. (married Mary E. Barn- 
hill), Mary L.. Ada L., Leverett E., Carlton E., Gratia S. and Susie H. Mr. Brown 
has held various township oflBces — Trustee, Assessor, County Supervisor, etc. Has a 
finely improved farm of 270 acres. 

W. H. CHATTERTOBf, farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in 
Rutland Co., Vt., Jan. 17, 1812. He married first wife, Miss M. Foote, in Middle- 
bury, Vt., in June, 1838 ; immediately after their marriage, they removed to Clinton 
Co., N. Y., where they resided until 1868, when they emigrated to this (Jones') 
county ; his first wife died in Beekmantown, N. Y. ; he married his present wife, Hul- 
dah E. Humphrey, in Addison, Vt. ; of the children by the first marriage, there is one 
living — Henry P. ; he was Corporal during the war of the rebellion in the 118th N. Y. 
V. I., and the record of that regiment .shows that he was a good .soldier; he married 
Miss Alice Humphrey, and resides in Hale Township, this county ; by Mr. Chatter- 
ton's second marriage there are three children — Allen S., Hiram L. and Royal W. ; 
Mrs. Chatterton's children by her first husband, Mr. Humphrey, are two — Alice (now 
the wife of Henry P. Chatterton), Josephine (the wife of L. J. Richards, a leading 
merchant at Wyoming, this county. Mr. C. and wife are members of the Presbyterian 
Church, in which church he is an active and influential worker ; in politics, he is a 
Republican. He has been elected to various offices, and has taken a leading part in 
public affairs. Owns a well-improved farm of about one hundred acres, finely located. 

JOHIV DEXNISOX, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in County 
Antrim, Ireland, in 1833 ; he came to the United States in 1851 ; he lived in Connect- 
icut till April, 1852, when he went to Minnesota, where he remained but a short time ; 
thence to Dubuque; came to Jones Co. in May, 1852; in February, 1853, he entered 
forty acres of timbered land in Sec. 11 ; in March of the same year, he bought a claim 
of forty acres adjoining that which he entered, where he settled in 1858 ; his farm now 
contains two hundred and forty acres. He was married to Matilda Campbell, born in 
County Antrim, Ireland ; they have five children — John, Agnes J., Mary M., Eliza- 
beth M. and Anna L. In 1867, Mr. Dennison visited his native land; was absent 
about six months. He is one of the substantial farmers of Clay Town.ship. 

WIIiEIAM ECKLER, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Clay Mills ; is a native o 
Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; was born in 1824. He married, in his native county, Mis, 
Susan M. Hall; in 185(1, they came to Iowa and settled in this (Clay) township, and 
it has been their home ever since; their children are William A. (who married Char 
lotte Wilcox, and resides in Taylor Co., Iowa), Jane A. (now the wife of George 
Hannas ; he was a soldier in the army of the Union during the war of the rebellion), 
Roseltha (wife of P. C. Blackmer ; he also served in the Union army during the war), 
Josephine (now Mrs. A. Robinson), James A. Mr. Eckler and wife are members of 
the Free-Will Baptist Church, in which church he is a member of the Board of Trust- 
ees and is also Treasurer; politically, Mr. E. acts with the Republican party. His 
farm consists of 212 acres of land, and the improvements thereon are among the best 
in Jones Co. Mr. Eckler has been elected to several offices of honor and trust, all of 
which he discharged the duties of with credit to himself and general satisfaction to the 
public. All his life, he has been very liberal in support of religious and educational 
institutions. 

JONATHAN AND JOHN FADJLEY, farmers, P. 0. Onslow ; Jona- 
than was born in Knox Co., Ohio, in 1825. Married to Loretta J. Jewitt ; have five 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 703 

children — Jared W., Lizzie E., Ida M., Dyer D. and Hattie A. John was born in 
Knox Co. in 1831. Was married to Harriet M. Jewitt, who died in July, 1877. 
These gentlemen are brothers, who came to Jackson Co. with their mother, in 1852, 
where they lived about four years; in 1856, came to Jones Co., and settled in Clay 
Township; in the spring of 1864, settled where they now live ; their present farm 
contains about 200 acres. 

JOSEPH FRENCH, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Canton ; was born in Greene 
Co., Penn., in 1823 ; in 1830, he removed with his parents to Licking Co., Ohio, wuere 
he lived until 1846, when he moved to Clay Township, Jones Co., Iowa ; in 1849, he 
went to Noble Co., Ind., and there married his first wife. Miss Catherine Sinkey ; in 
1852, they removed to where he now resides and remained one year, then moved to 
Brandon Township, Jackson Co., where his first wife died ; there were two children by 
this marriage — Charlotte (now the wife of Richard Demo.ss, Jackson Co., Iowa), Ange- 
line (now Mrs. Andrew Gracey, of this township) ; in the latter part of 1854, Mr. 
French returned to Clay Township, and, in 1856, married his present wife, Gracie C. 
Beaver; their children are William N. fwhs married Agnes Orr), Mary J., James M., 
Sarah J. and Amanda A. Mr. French owns 240 acres of land ; his farm is finely 
improved, and he is one of the well-to-do farmers of Clay Township. In politics, Mr. 
F. is a Democrat. 

JAMES McDANIEL, farmer, Sec. 32; P. 0. Onslow; was born in 
Frederick Co., Md., in 1815 ; while he was a child, his parents emigrated to Knox Co., 
Ohio, where he received a liberal education. He married, in Knox Co., Miss C. Allison 
a native of Geauga Co., Ohio ; in 1855, they emigrated to Iowa and settled in Jones 
Co., which has been their home since. Their children are David A., who was a sol- 
dier in the 24th I. V. I. during the war of the rebellion, and was wounded near Win- 
chester ; he married Miss E. Gates ; they now live in Missouri. Orlando, he also 
fought to sustain the Union in the war of the rebellion ; he served in the 9th I. V. I. ; 
was discharged on account of severe wounds received at Pea Ridge ; he married Miss 
C. Lightfoot, and lives in Clay Township. Elizabeth, now the wife of T. C. Bester, 
Thayer Co., Neb. ; he was a soldier in active service during the war of the rebellion ; 
and James W. Mr. McDaniel, the subject of this sketch, is a " straight '" Republican ; 
he has taken a lively interest in public affairs, and, as a consequence, has been elected 
to various offices of honor and trust ; in all of them he has left a clear record ; he owns 
230 acres of land, and is one of Clay's most enterprising citizens. 

OHL.ANOO McD ANIEL,, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born in 
Knox Co., Ohio, in 1840 ; in 1855, emigrated to this (Jones) county with his parents, 
James and Cyrene McDaniel; at the breaking-out of the war of the rebellion, he 
enlisted in Co. D, 9th I. V. I.; was severely wounded at Pea Ridge, and was discharged 
on account of said wounds. Dec. 1, 1863, he married at Anamosa, Iowa, Miss C. E. 
Lightfoot, a native of Marion Co., Ind. Mr. McDaniel is a Republican in politics ; 
he is 2d Lieutenant of a company of national guards known as the Johnstown Com- 
pany. He is engaged in farming to quite an extent, and is a thorough go-ahead man 
as well a puoli'j-spiritod citizen. 

A. P. ORMSBY, farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Onslow; was born in St. Law- 
rence Co., N. Y., Nov. 22, 1833 ; in 1855, he came to Canton, Iowa, where he engaged 
in the grocery trade Feb. 27, 1861. He married in Dubuque. Iowa, Miss C. J. Han- 
na, a native of Pennsylvania. In 1870, they removed to where they now reside. Mr. 
Ormsby is a Republican in politics ; he takes a live interest in religious and educational 
matters, and has filled various school and church offices ; himself and wife are members 
of the Presbyterian Church. He owns a finely improved farm of 140 acres; he takes 
considerable interest in the improving of the finer breeds of horses, and owns some that 
are unequaled in the State of Iowa. 

L.YMAX OSBORN, farmer, Sec. 31; P. 0. Onslow; born May 26, 1827, 
in Orleans Co., N. Y.; in 1848, came to Wisconsin ; in 1867, he came to Jones Co.; 
he owns 160 acres of land. He enlisted in 1864, in Co. I, 47th Wis. V. I.; served to 
the end of the war. Married Mary Asher in 1849; she was born in 1833, in New 



704 biographicat' sketches: 

York; died May 26, 1870; have five children — Ellen M., now 3Irs. Reade ; Orrin, 
Merritt, Frank and Lucy. Second marriage to Mrs. Page Nov. 13, 1876 ; she was 
born in New York ; she has two children by a former marriage — Eddie and William. 
Republican; Presbyterian. 

HON. JOHN RUSSELL. ; P. 0. Onslow; Senator-elect of the Twenty- 
third Senatorial District, comprising the counties of Jones and Cedar, Iowa ; is a resident 
of Clay Township, Jones Co., and was born Oct. 8, 1821, in Fifeshire,. Scotland; he is 
the sen Oi" Robert Russell and Mary Williams, both natives of Fifeshire, Scotland ; his 
father was a contractor and stone-mason ; he was a stanch Presbyterian, a man of origi- 
nal thought and scientific research — a valued citizen. His mother was possessed of 
sterling qualities and great force of character ; both have long since gone to the Prom- 
ised Land. The generations of Jiussells for five centuries have found their last rest- 
ing-places in " God's Acre" at Fifeshire. The subject of this sketch, who is one of 
the four sons of Robert, came to America and landed at New York May 29, 1842, and 
immediately proceeded to Pittsburgh, Penn.. where he had an uncle ; he remained at 
Pitt.sburgh about a year, working at his trade of stonemason on the new water-works, 
then being built. In 1843, he removed to Columbiana Co., Ohio, where, with his own 
capital and some friendly aid, he went into mercantile business and there continued till 
1852. On the 29th of November, 1849, he was married to Miss Margaret Feehan, a 
native of Columbiana Co., Ohio. In 1852, in pursuance of a long-cherished plan, he 
and his family came West and located on his present farm, in Clay Township, Jones 
Co., Iowa. Thev have four children, three sons and a daughter — Robert W., born 
Dec. 16, 1850; "'john F., born Aug. 12, 1852 ; David W., born May 14, 1855, and 
Lizzie, born on the 12th of February, 1857. Robert W. was married to Julia Shunk 
in December, 1876, and resides at Des Moines, Iowa, where he is in charge of the 
Insurance Department in the office of the State Auditor. John F. is in business in 
Des Moines ; the other two children are at home. Mr. Russell has a farm of 200 acres 
in one of the most fertile sections of the State. In early life, he was a Democrat, but 
has always been Anti-Slavery in sentiment ; in 1854, he was efficient in organizing pub- 
lic sentiment in opposition to the encroachments of slavery, as embodied in the Kansas- 
Nebraska Bill. He has held most of the offices within the gift of his fellow-townsmen. 
In 1861, he was elected a member of the Greneral Assembly, and was re-elected four 
successive times, being the only man in this State who ever served five consecutive 
terms in the General Assembly. He was Speaker of the House in 1868, and, by the 
impartial discharge of his duties, won respect of both parties and became favorably 
known throughout the State. In 1870, he was elected State Auditor of Iowa, and 
was re-elected in 1872. At the expiration of his second term as Auditor, in January, 
1875, he returned to his farm, and for nearly five years has followed the quiet walks of 
private citizenship. In October, 1879, he was elected to the State Senate from the 
district comprising his own and Cedar Counties, and will enter upon his official duties 
in January, 1880. Early environment and the laws of heredity proclaim him a 
thoroughbred Scotch Presbyterian ; nevertheless, he is not a member of any church 
organization nor of any secret society — " belongs to nobody but the Republican party." 
He is a " Stalwart of the Stalwarts " — Zach Chandler and Ben Wade being his 
models of patriotic statesmanship. As a public man, his strength does not lie in ora- 
tory, nor in literary display nor in caucus manipulation, but he is popular with the peo- 
ple because of his strict integrity, practical judgment and sound common sense ; per- 
sonally plain but affiible, unassuming but reliable, he has been crowned by the people 
with official honors and the proud title of " Honest John." 

STEPHEN R. STREEPER, farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Onslow ; was born 
in Montgomery, Penn., Jan. 14, 1819. He was married, July 1, 1843, to Isabella H. 
Todd, who was born in Montgomery Co. in 1821. They removed to Indiana in 1844, 
where they lived about sixteen years ; they came to Jones Co. in 1860 and settled on 
present farm, which Mr. Streeper had entered in 1854 ; they have eight children — 
Hannah M. (now Mrs. J. T. Johnson), resides in Guthrie Co., Iowa ; William T. (mar- 
ried Miss Jennie Gowing), lives in Guthrie Co. ; James M. (married Miss Sade Coder), 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 705 

resides in Hancock Co., Iowa ; Stephen P. ; Arabella H. (married Mr. Merritt Osborn), 
lives in Minnesota; Robert H., Bernard W. and Sheridan Grant. Mr. Streeper is one 
of the substantial farmers of Jones Co. ; his farm contains 155 acres. He and wife 
belong to the Presbyterian Church. 

W. N. TIPPETT, Clay Mills; was born in Licking Co., Ohio, in 1832. 
He married, in his native county, Miss Julia N. Harris Jan. 12, 1853; in 1856, they 
came West and located in Clay Township, Jones Co., which has been their home since, 
with the exception of two years they lived at Scotch Grove ; their children are Mary 
E., the wife of M. B. Walters; Victoria M., the wife of Joseph French, Jr. ; Arabel 
P. and Elizabeth. Mr. Tippett and wife are members of the Free- Will Baptist Church, 
in which Church he has held various offices, and has taken an active part in its advance- 
ment. Mr. T. is a Republican ; he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity at Cascade, 
Iowa ; he was Township Trustee two years, and at present he fills the office of School 
Secretary ; he is Clerk of the Free- Will Baptist Church, a position he has filled since 
1877. 

M. C W ALiTJERS, a prominent and well-known citizen of Jones Co., Iowa, 
was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., in 1820 ; was educated at Fairfield Academy. He 
married, in his native county. Miss Marietta Hall ; in 1849, they removed to Geauga 
Co., Ohio, and there lived until 1852, in the autumn of which year they emigrated to 
this (Jones) county, and settled in Clay Township; their children were six — M. B.,who 
married Miss M. E. Tippett; Mary E., now the wife of H. 0. Shike ; Esther M., mar- 
ried Steven Carr ; Emma A., deceased ; Aurelia, died in infancy ; Roseltha, deceased. 
Mr. Walters and family are members of the Free- Will Baptist Church ; he has been 
elected a member of the County Board of Supervisors several terms, and is, at present 
writing. Chairman of that body ; he has been Notary Public a number of years, also 
holds the offices of Township Clerk and Collector ; he is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., 
in which he has taken a leading part, and has filled various offices of honor ; he is a 
member of the Masonic Fraternity, in which Order he also takes an active interest. In 
politics, Mr. W. is a Republican, having always acted with that party ; he was appointed 
first Postmaster at Clay Mills, where he now lives, in November, 1863, a position he 
has filled since, to the entire satisfaction of all concerned ; he is extensively engaged in 
manufacturing, and is the proprietor of several mills, which are constantly kept run- 
ning ; through his good management and liberality. Clay Mills has become a flourishing 
and busy village ; as a man of business, he has been very successful, and is in the enjoy- 
ment of the substantial rewards of well-directed efforts. 







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